November 19, 2013

Health and Science

Health and Science

tv promotes unhealthy diet

Research from around the world Page 4

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The Chronicle T h e i n d e p e n d e n t d a i ly at D u k e U n i v e r s i t y

xxxxxday,november tuesDAY, mmmm xx,19, 2013 2013

Students use Wi-Fi to make electricity

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ONE ONE HUNDRED HUNDRED AND AND EIGHTH ninthYEAR, YEAR,Issue Issuexxx 53

Researchers raise money for Neuro.TV

I must-ache for your help

by Aubrey Temple

by Shangnon Fei

The Chronicle

Imagine the possibility of your cell phone charging as you sluggishly walk to your 8:30 a.m. class, eat a routine meal at the Loop Pizza Grill or holler like a maniac in Cameron Indoor Stadium—without it ever leaving your pocket. Researchers at the Pratt School of Engineering may be able to make this possibility into reality. When senior Allen Hawkes was a freshman, he came up with an idea to harvest energy from cellphone and Wi-Fi signals and put it to use. He and a team at Pratt have now tested a prototype that proves this is possible. The device is composed of metamaterials that are synthetically engineered to manipulate electromagnetic waves, capturing the energy waves from Wi-Fi signals and converting them into an electric current. Currently, the device is too big to be portable, but the long-term plan is to miniaturize it to fit inside cellphones and other handheld devices. See wi-fi, page 6

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Duke Engineers for International Development are promoting “no shave November” to raise awareness for prostate cancer.

Two Duke researchers have teamed up to create a neuroscience education initiative with the promise of changing the relationship between research academia and the general public. The main masterminds are Jean-Francois Gariepy, a postdoctoral researcher in neurobiology, and Diana Xie, Trinity ‘13, a research assistant. The project, called NEURO.tv, is a webseries that will consist of discussions on a variety of brain-related topics between Gariepy and Xie and top neuroscience researchers. The project, launched on Kickstarter Nov. 1st, has already raised over $17,000 of its $25,000 funding goal. “The purpose of NEURO.tv is to make academic discussions available for free to everyone on the web,” Gariepy said. “We think that there are some fascinating discussions going on about how our brain works and how we are controlled, and we thought that instead of just losing those discussions in See neuro, page 6

DUSDAC considers Chai’s Noodle Bar and Bistro food truck by Carleigh Stiehm The Chronicle

Members of the Duke University Student Dining Advisory Committee sampled options from the Chai’s Noodle Bar and Bistro food truck as they consider adding it to the food truck line up for the 2014-15 academic year at their meeting Monday. The truck—run by the same venue that currently operates under the Merchants on Points program—offers selections that vary greatly from their delivery options, featuring tacos, Asian buns and hotdogs for $3.50. The truck started really pursuing business in Sep-

tember, said Bill Shahady, the co-owner of the truck, adding that, thus far, the sales are going really well. “We want to keep the prices as reasonable as the prices will allow,” he said. Several committee members expressed concern that the menu does not offer a selection of gluten free options, but Shahady said that the menu could be evaluated to include more gluten free and vegetarian dishes. “We make everything to order,” Shahady said. “We ordered it, and then we put it on the grill.” Typical contracts with Duke Dining oper-

ate from July to June of the next year, so DUSDAC does not need to make a final decision about Chai’s for some time, senior Chris Taylor, co-chair of DUSDAC, said. Representatives from the Nutrition Education Task Force—a student group focusing on nutrition and healthy dining at Duke—presented concerns about the lack of healthy options on campus. “This is a new student group this year that is focused on nutrition education around campus,” dietitian clinician Kate Pilewski said. “This is a brand new group, so we are definitely still growing.”

Junior Melina Smith said she hopes the task force can act as a mediator to make information provided by Duke Dining more accessible to the student body. She noted that some freshmen are very concerned that the staff of Marketplace lack knowledge about the nutrition and ingredients in their foods. Toni Apadula, another dietician clinician, said that many of the ways in which Marketplace publicizes its nutrition are controlled by the Bon Appetite service. See dusdac, page 6

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Top Duke scientists discuss research careers A recent article in the “European Journal of Clinical Investigation” identified five Duke researchers among the 400 most influential biomedical scientists in the world based on citation data from the past 15 years. The Chronicle’s Tim Bai sat down with the five scientists to learn more about their research. Paging Dr. Blue Devil

Dr. Eric Peterson, director of the Duke Clinical Research Institute, said he was a “latebloomer” when it came to doing research, having limited experience until entering his medical residency. “But then I got an opportunity to get a masters in public health, special to the and I got hooked,” Pechronicle terson said. Peterson said he had developed a natural talent for research and wanted to apply this skill to figure out how to improve patient care by utilizing new information from clinical research. He aimed to identify how to get Americans to lead healthier lifestyles through the use of biostatistics, health economics and decision analysis. As both a practicing physician and the author of many peer-reviewed publications, his job involves interaction between the lab and the clinic. “I remain active in both the hospital and the clinic, and that’s my best place to generate ideas,” Peterson said. “On the other side, it’s great to see me being able to apply what I’ve learned in my research to the patients I’m seeing in the clinic and the [intensive care unit].” Beyond these settings, though, Peterson said he is a true Blue Devil, adding that he spent last Friday night watching the Duke men’s basketball team take on Florida Atlantic University. From shooting hoops to saving lives Dr. Robert Califf, vice chancellor for clinical and translational research and director of the Translational Medicine Institute, began research during his time as a medical student. “It turned out there was a job opening to see patients in a cardiologist clinic,” Califf said. “We special to the chronicle were recording data in a database and that was my job.” Califf’s work encompasses a broad spectrum of medical research, generating evidence to support clinical practice through clinical trials, health services research and quality improvement through developing

solid medical databases. He is one of the most frequently cited authors, having written or cowritten more than a thousand peer-reviewed scientific articles. Califf said being exposed to computer interfaces in the 1970s long before they became personalized also helped to drive his unique advances forward. He encouraged students interested in research to consider the broad spectrum of available disciplines and to keep their eyes open for new avenues of research. “Think carefully about the type of exposure you get to research,” Califf said. “If you’re really curious about how things work, you should do research and you should sample different kinds of research until you see what you like the best.” Outside of his work, Califf enjoys golfing and listening to old-fashioned rock and roll. He was also a part of a state champion basketball team during his high school years, and said he continues to follow the sport to this day. Persistence on the track and in the lab Nobel laureate Dr. Robert Lefkowitz, James B. Duke professor of medicine and professor of biochemistry and immunology, has conducted 45 years of research, 40 of which occurred at Duke. Lefkowitz, the first standing faculty memspecial to the ber to receive a Nobel chronicle prize, said that students will have different experiences with research due to a variety of factors, such as their mentor, personal skill and luck. Lekowitz said he nearly quit after conducting research at the National Institute of Health because the project went badly and did not work until his final six months. “By then I had already made arrangements to go back to clinical training because I was so fed up with research,” Lefkowitz said. “But then in my next phase of my career, which was doing advanced residency training, I started to miss research and realized I needed to go back into it.” Lefkowitz’s work revolves around the characterization of the function of G-protein coupled receptors, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2012. His research on these receptors has led to major advancements in the development of prescription drugs for a variety of issues, ranging from allergies to coronary disease. When asked about the European Journal of Clinical Investigation’s methodology in ranking the top researchers in the world, Lefkowitz explained that an important factor

was the number of times a scientist’s work is referenced. While he believed this was a good index for scientific influence, Lefkowitz expressed some reservation with the “top scientist” designation because of differing citation practices among various scientific fields. “For example, for whatever reason, clinical medicine gets a lot more citations than basic science, and even within basic science there is a hierarchy….So you would have to sort of take that into account,” Lefkowitz said. “I don’t know if I would conclude that just because somebody is the most highly cited that they are necessarily one of the top scientists in the world.” When he is not conducting award-winning research, Lefkowitz said he reads non-fiction books, though he would like to read more fiction if he had the time. Given his family history of cardiovascular disease and having undergone a heart procedure himself, Lefkowitz said he makes time to take care of himself. He has been a long-distance jogger for most of his life and continues with frequent aerobic exercise in his “decked-out gym” in his home basement. An industrious imagination Marc Caron, James B. Duke professor of cell biology at the School of Medicine, said he got involved in research as a graduate student while studying for his Ph.D. at the University of Miami and has continued for approximately 37 years. Much special to the of Caron’s research chronicle has also been involved with G-protein coupled receptors, and spent 20 years working with Lefkowitz in the past. Caron explained that by around 1996 his research had become more focused on the application of G-protein coupled receptors from a neuroscience perspective. Caron said he and his group have made contributions to scientific literature through animal models of diseases like schizophrenia and depression. “It is one of the systems presumably gone awry in schizophrenia, and it is the system that is affected when people develop drug abuse,” Caron said. “This is a lot of the work that we have published over the last 15 years or so.” Caron admitted to being a bit of a workaholic who spends a lot of time in the lab. Caron noted that he works outdoors on the weekends to keep his house looking nice, and in some ways his work has developed into his passion and hobby.

“The fact that you’re always trying to chase something you don’t quite understand, it really pushes your imagination to try to discover something new,” Caron said. “It’s one of the most rewarding careers you can have.” Bringing up farms and the next generation Terrie Moffitt, Knut Schmidt Nielsen professor of psychology and neuroscience, has contributed greatly to the biomedical field with her longterm psychological research. Moffitt, whose scientific work is also invested in developspecial to the chronicle ment, has been at Duke since 2007. She said she is interested in training young people and helping them with their own research projects. As a researcher herself, she has contributed greatly to the biomedical field with her long-term psychological research. Moffitt said she is currently focusing her efforts on two longitudinal studies in Britain and New Zealand. In Britain, her lab looked at twins born in 1994 and assesses how their mental and physical health has been affected by their experiences over the years. In New Zealand, the lab has tracked babies born in one city since 1972 in a similar fashion. Based on these studies, Moffitt and her lab were able to look at why connections between cardiovascular disease and depression exist and how they might affect or be affected by various lifestyles. Moffitt praised the positive climate for scientific inquiry at Duke and also provided several words of advice for students thinking about conducting research. “They should go into it with the attitude that ‘I’m going to try this out and just see if this grabs me,’ because if you fall in love in science, it can carry you for the rest of your life,” Moffitt said. “Not everyone will fall in love with it….But the only way to know really is by doing it.” Moffitt currently owns a farm in Randolph County in North Carolina where Braxton Craven, the second president of the University, grew up. “It’s a historic place—at any rate the farm has been allowed to run down over the years and I’m trying to fix it up,” Moffitt said. “At the moment, it has a lot of fire ants, poison ivy, black snakes and red dirt and rocks, but we’re going to make it into something very beautiful.”

Participants needed for business school research Behavioral Lab The Fuqua School of Business Duke University We need research participants! Participate in studies at the business school! Help us find the answers to tough business questions! Our studies are completely voluntary. You can sign up online at your convenience. These are pen and paper or computer studies. Registration is easy and convenient through our website: fuqua.sona-systems.com. If you have questions, please contact the Behavioral Lab Manager at ah234@duke.edu. Call Bill Thomas for a free consultation.

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Tuesday, November 19, 2013 | 3

Food stamp costs swelled by states spending $1 on heating aid by Alan Bjerga BlooMBerG neWS

WAShinGTon — Congressional critics looking to cut the nation’s food stamp bill — which has doubled in the past five years — are pointing to what some say is a loophole in the law: if a state gives a resident as little as $1 a year in heating assistance, it allows that person’s household to automatically qualify for an average of $1,080 in additional food stamps annually from the federal government. That’s what 14 states, including new York and California, and the District of Columbia have done. “if there are programs available for people, we should use them,” Mary Cheh, a Democratic member of the District of Columbia city council, said. At her urging, the council unanimously approved the “heat and eat” arrangement in 2009, agreeing to make token heating-aid payments so citizens can get more for food. Members of a house-Senate conference committee are scrutinizing food stamp eligibility rules as they seek to reconcile different versions of a bill that would set agricultural policy for the next five years. either would cut food-stamp spending, mostly by altering who can get benefits. The Senate would cut roughly $4 billion over 10 years, largely by toughening the heat-and-eat requirement. The house trims another $35 billion by further tightening eligibility and adding drug testing and work requirements. Federal spending on food stamps — formally called the Supplemental nutrition Assistance Program — has more than doubled in the past five years, with the bulk of the money spent at retailers including Wal-Mart Stores and Kroger. reductions are necessary to keep the pro-

gram focused on its purpose of providing temporary assistance to truly needy people in difficult times, said rachel Sheffield, policy analyst for food stamps at the heritage Foundation, a Washington-based research group that favors major reductions. The heating program “is basically a loophole,” she said. “Food-stamp spending is federal, so states have no incentive not to seek increased benefits.” The farm bill “is an opportunity to reform. it’s the logical time to take steps to promote self-sufficiency” through work requirements, smaller subsidies and tighter eligibility, she said. “let’s look at our welfare system, how it’s working and what it can be.” Food stamps spent at retailers such as Target and Supervalu cost a record $75.2 billion in 2012, almost one- eighth of the roughly $650 billion a year Americans spend on groceries. About 47.7 million Americans used the program in August, the most recent month available, the Department of Agriculture said last week. Almost half of all food-stamp redemptions are in big-box supercenters such as Wal-Mart, while most of the rest are in chains such as Safeway inc., according to data collected by Bloomberg. Payments to recipients fell about 5 percent already this month, as a temporary boost passed as part of the 2009 economic stimulus expired. Both the house and Senate versions of a farm bill include further reductions. The Senate plan saves money mainly by raising to $10 a year the amount of heating assistance states must contribute in order to qualify residents for the heat-and-eat food stamp benefits, according to the Congressional Budget office. The house, as part of a plan to shave $39 billion from food stamps, raises the required

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state contribution under the heat- and-eat provision to $20 a year. That would save $8.7 billion over a decade as states drop the program because of the increased cost. The house would also cut $11.6 billion by ending “categorical eligibility,” in which enrollment in other social services automatically qualifies a recipient for food stamps even when eligibility under those programs are less strenuous than for the food aid. Together, those two proposals would knock 1.8 million households off food stamps and cut benefits by about $90 a month for 850,000 others. The biggest savings, $19 billion, would come from reducing waivers states can give childless adults who would otherwise face work requirements or time limits under food stamps. That would immediately cut off 1.7 million recipients, according to the Congressional Budget office. The reductions make little sense at a time when, according to Department of Agriculture data, about 49 million in the U.S. struggle to put food on their plates, said ellen Vollinger, food-stamp lobbyist with the Food research and Action Center, a Washingtonbased anti-hunger advocacy group that has urged states to adopt heat-and-eat programs. “These programs provide economic stability to communities,” she said. “That doesn’t change just because of discussion in Washington.” District of Columbia resident Debra Frigon, 53, uses food stamps to supplement disability checks she receives from the Veterans Administration and Social Security, related in part to her navy service in the 1980s. She’s already seen her benefits cut this month by the expiration of the stimulus and worries that additional reductions will threaten a healthy diet for her one daughter who is still at home. “We eat sandwiches during the week and

try to eat more balanced meals on weekends,” she said. “We buy marked-down products and small portions, but what we have already doesn’t go very far. We’ve already lost some benefits. More would really hurt us.” other changes in the house bill would cut nutrition education funds, impose drugtesting requirements and ban aid to felons. in total, tighter rules and an improving economy would drop food-stamp rolls to 34 million people by 2023, according to the budget office. The federal government should be pushing states to get food-stamp recipients to work and Congress should be less focused on finding ways to throw people out of the program, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said. The house plan “is not the right way to approach the policy. if folks are focusing on the right policy,” spending should go down on its own without new restrictions, he said in an interview. rep. Tim huelskamp, r-Kansas, said what matters most is crafting policies that better target the program to the neediest. Benefitboosts tied to heating benefits are “indefensible to the folks back home,” he said. “Spending is out of control,” he said. “This is the one entitlement that we’ll have an actual vote on this year, and this is the one chance for house republicans” to follow through on promises to limit social spending. Cheh, the Washington city council member, said the farm- bill debate is frustrating to her city, where food-stamp enrollment in the 2012 fiscal year was 141,147, roughly 22 percent of the city’s population. “Poorer families don’t have political power, that’s why this is occurring,” she said. “Just because they don’t have political power, that doesn’t mean you can be cruel to people at the bottom.”

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TV ads promoting unhealthy diets target children in Honduras by Rachel Chason The ChroniCle

Malnutrition is not the only food-related issue in developing countries such as honduras, Duke researchers have found. A study published in “Appetite” journal this month found that 92 percent of television advertisements promoting unhealthy food in honduras target children. University of Utah medical student Matthew Gunderson led the research last year as part of his thesis project for the Duke Global health institute. he found that a lack of government intervention and the prominence of the advertising on cable television are some of the main perpetrators of the issue. “When we think of public health concerns among children in developing countries, we usually think of undernutrition,” Gunderson said. “Certainly, that is still a major concern in many developing countries, but rates of childhood overweight and obesity are also increasing, which produces an enormous public health problem known as the ‘double burden’ of malnutrition.” The researchers analyzed 80 hours of after-school programming over the course of one week in la Ceiba, honduras. They examined advertisements on four television stations—three cable and one broadcast—and found that all of the advertisements for unhealthy food were aired on the cable stations. “We were surprised to see that there was very little food advertising on broadcast television in honduras and no advertising at all for unhealthy foods,” Gunderson said. “in a way, it

does make sense, because junk food, like cable television, is still a luxury in honduras.” According to the study, there are only 96 television sets per 1,000 people in honduras, in stark contrast to the U.S., where there are 803 sets per 1,000 people. Companies have found other means to promote themselves in honduras, including billboards and public buses.

“Advertising is moving beyond television and reaches kids through a number of other channels,” said Sara Benjamin neelon, associate professor of community and family medicine at DGhi and co-author of the study. “We need to consider limiting food marketing to children from all potential avenues.” There is little to no regulation on food advertising in honduras and across latin America, apart from Mexico, where the

SOPHIa PalenberG/the chronicle

A study has found that 92 percent of television ads that promote unhealthy food in Honduras have been targeted toward children.

government—which is faced with obesity rates rivaling those of the United States— announced a plan earlier this month to ban junk food advertisements during children’s programs, the study noted. The researchers proposed in the study that honduras, like Mexico, should institute national legislation limiting advertising of foods with low nutritional value. “industry self-regulation isn’t working,” Benjamin neelon said. “Most food companies that advertise to children are profit-driven—we can’t expect these companies to be altruistic or police themselves.” networks including Disney Channel market foods like sweetened cereals, fast food, candy, chips and sweetened beverages regularly during after-school hours. “Advertising for junk food was definitely apparent,” said freshman izzy Jensen, who traveled in honduras this past summer. “You notice it on TV, but also throughout more public places.” Benjamin neelon noted that the marketing’s success might be rooted in many young children’s inability to differentiate between the television programs and advertisements. “Advertising of unhealthy foods to children isn’t causing childhood obesity, but it’s contributing. it’s a piece of the puzzle,” Benjamin neelon said. honduras provided a unique opportunity for the researchers as a place that is studied relatively rarely. “nobody has done any research of this kind in the country before,” Gunderson said. “The opportunity to establish baseline data was very exciting.”

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Neuro

from page 1

universities between two or three people, we could make them available to everyone.” Although the disconnect between academics and the public is prevalent across all fields, Gariepy and Xie agree that it is a particularly egregious in neuroscience. “Neuroscience is one of the hottest science fields right now in terms of popular media coverage, so it provides a lot of opportunities for misconceptions to be spread about it.” Xie said. “When I look at a lot of popular media on neuroscience, it’s usually a lot of generalizations or misinterpretations of the findings— just things to exaggerate what was found in order to market the research in a certain way.” Many scientists have difficulty translating their research into language the public will understand, Gariepy said. NEURO.tv aims to fill that gap. “What you see with a lot of other popular neuroscience podcasts and blogs is that they do a good job in making the science sound really cool, but they don’t really go into the details of anything,” Xie said. “And I think that’s because they’re afraid that a lot of people will get really bored. …But what NEURO.tv does is it wants to address that. It doesn’t underestimate the public intelligence and their ability or desire to understand academic concepts.” Although most other science education initiatives feature a single host explaining a concept on his or her own, another unique aspect of NEURO.tv’s vision is its execution as a series of discussions between multiple experts. The initial idea for for this format arose from Gariepy’s work as a writer for the neuroscience blog “BrainFacts.” After having a discussion with some of his fellow bloggers, he realized that the types of discussion on the blog could be interesting fodder for a television show, he said. Gariepy and Xie both feel that the discussion format of NEURO.tv is a crucial step to-

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wards improving public critical discourse on new scientific discoveries. “A show formatted just on presentations of ideas has its problems because scientists are experts at making something sound really slick with no problems or technical difficulties to overcome,” Gariepy said, “But when you force them to answer what they really think about a subject, you capture stuff that you would not have gotten in a presentation, like statements about the weaknesses of a technique.” The discussion format, according to Gariepy and Xie, is conducive not only to providing the public with information that might otherwise have been glossed over, but also to the willingness of scientists to engage in the task of public education. “A lot of the feedback that we’ve gotten from the scientists we’ve had on the show is that they feel more comfortable about a lot more things that they otherwise wouldn’t have been able to talk about if this hadn’t been in a discussion format,” Xie said. Consistent with its purpose of bridging gaps between academics and non-academics, Xie and Gariepy also hope to turn NEURO.tv into a Duke initiative and recruit undergraduate neuroscience students to the project and train them in scientific communication. Xie noted that NEURO.tv is able to benefit both its viewers and its collaborators by serving as a platform both for education and for training. Several undergraduates have already signed on to become involved with NEURO. tv, and a number of others have also expressed interest, Xie said. “If the scientific community embarked on a new frontier that had the potential to change one’s perspective on reality, it would be a shame to see life-changing knowledge remain among the privileged few,” said Cade Netscher, a sophomore neuroscience major and research assistant who has expressed interest in NEURO.tv.

wi-fi

from page 1

“We built a well-designed metal loop that intercepts electromagnetic power and, using a few electrical components, converts the alternating current into steady direct current which can be used by the electrical device,” said electrical and computer engineering professor Steven Cummer, who contributed to the project. Alexander Katko, a Ph.D. candidate in Pratt’s electrical and computer engineering department, compared the device to a solar panel—instead of transforming light energy into electricity, the metamaterials transform microwave radiation into electrical energy. Hawkes first had the idea as a freshman, but it really took off when he focused on it as an independent study during his junior year. Cummer explained that the amount of electricity generated depends on how far the device is from power generating antennas such as cell phone towers. “The farther you are, the less power you will receive and the closer you are, the more power you will receive,” he said. The device has an energy conversion rate of about 37 percent, which is higher than internal combustion engines, for instance. The power output is very low, however, and could only be used for small electronic applications such as charging a small battery or harvesting energy for infrequently used devices that could store energy over time, Katko said. “The device could charge a cell phone battery, but at a slow rate,” Katko noted. “The electronic device being charged would have to be off or not used in order to charge at a higher rate.” The project could be used in developing countries to power low-input devices such as remote sensing networks and low-power appliances, Hawkes said. He added that some energy companies have contacted him already about acquiring the technology, but he wants to de-

velop it further. The commercialization of the device is still a long ways off, Katko added. Future applications, however, will be limited by the amount of energy the technology can harvest. “Could it be useful? Maybe, but we need to make sure it is connected to the right kinds of applications—in other words, electronic devices that can run off the amount of available power in certain locations,” Cummer said. The days of self-charging cellphones are still a long way off, but they are now technologically possible.

dusdac

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Senior Jocelyn Wells noted that she was shocked to see a soup option that was over 900 calories being served in the Penn Pavilion, adding that she does not think the University should be condoning such options. Apadula said that the calorie count, however, was probably inaccurate and could have resulted from someone miscalculating the nutrition information. “We have been working to put together standardized information for nutrition across campus,” said Robert Coffey, director of dining services. Smith said that the Nutrition Education Task Force was concerned that as Duke Dining increased the numbers of food tucks on campus, they added many unhealthy options with very few healthy choices. “I actually think it would raise business and increase revenue if they had more healthy options,” freshman Victoria Trombley said. Coffey said that in the next few days, the salad bar in Penn Pavilion will increase from 16 different options to 32. Nutrition Services is also in the process of printing a booklet that will show students a week of healthy on-campus dining options that fit into each level of the meal plan, Pilewski said.

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TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 2013

Attending 91 55 a sports Blue Devils win first NIT contest school

dribble to knock down a jumper in the lane, driving past 7-footer Jaleel Roberts for a one-handed jam and hitting a 3-pointer from the left wing. After his triple hit the bottom of the net, Hood—usually the quietest of

Everyone knows that Duke is a basketball school. But nobody would even consider calling us a “football school” until this past weekend. Last year as a tour guide, the most frequent question I was asked is if Duke has a football team. Despite the fact that our football team had just played in its first bowl game since before the prospective students on my tour were born, some parent would always raise their hand with a confused expression on their face. “I know your basketball team is really good,” they would say. “But I had no idea Duke even had a football team.” Out of the dozen or so tours I gave last semester, this happened more than half of the time. This year, however, there’s no question that our football team has arrived. The No. 25 (I will never get used to writing that) Blue Devils are now ranked for the first time since 1994. For two weeks in a row, Wallace Wade has been packed with students and fans alike to watch Duke beat N.C. State and Miami and ascend to the top of the ACC Coastal Division standings. Possibly

See M. BASKETBALL, page 8

See LAZARUS, page 9

by Daniel Carp THE CHRONICLE

Not many people saw it, but the Blue Devils put on another offensive clinic in front of the home fans. Sparked by easy buckets in transition and swift ball movement in its half-court sets, No. 6 Duke knocked off UNC-Asheville 91-55 Monday night at Cameron Indoor Stadium in the opening round of the NIT Preseason Tipoff. Although the game was listed as a sellout, there were a number of empty seats in the stands with a sparse turnout by paying fans and students alike, but the Blue Devils put on a show for those in attendance. “We made our own energy today,” freshman Jabari Parker said. “I know we didn’t have a lot of fans, but we made our own energy.” Pacing Duke (3-1), Parker extended his streak of 20-point performances to four with 21 points, adding 10 rebounds on the evening for his second straight double-double. The freshman continued to display his willingness to share the ball, dishing out four assists, but also fell victim to six turnovers. “I thought he tried to do too much,” Duke head coach Mike Krzyzewski said. “He’s trying to get everybody to be better, but I think a few times he over-did it.... I don’t fault him for trying to get his

Danielle Lazarus

JULIA DUNN/THE CHRONICLE

Freshman Jabari Parker poured in 21 points and added 10 rebounds for his second straight double-double as the Blue Devils beat UNC-Asheville. teammates more involved. That’s a good problem to have.” Redshirt sophomore Rodney Hood added 18 points on 6-of-8 shooting and became the Blue Devils’ offensive catalyst after a slow start to the game. Hood went on a personal 7-0 run late in the first half, using a nifty behind-the-back

sports

MEN’S BASKETBALL

Duke controls glass in win by Nick Martin THE CHRONICLE

After being outrebounded in its first two games 70-51, Duke has turned its focus to the glass, and the attention has paid off in back-to-back wins. For the first time this season, Duke outrebounded its opponent by double digits, holding a 42-28 advantage on the glass en route to a 91-55 victory against UNC-Asheville. After holding a three-rebound advantage last Friday against Florida Atlantic, this was just the second time the Blue Devils outrebounded an opponent this season. “[Head coach Mike Krzyzewski] has been harping on [rebounding for] two games now,” sophomore forward Amile Jefferson said. “So for us to really go out there and win the rebounding battle, it was a big part of [the win].”

Through three games, the Blue Devils’ opponents had racked up twice the amount of offensive rebounds, with Duke being overpowered on the glass 34-17. After yielding seven offensive rebounds in the first 10 minutes, Duke looked to be headed toward losing the rebounding battle for the third time in four games. But the Blue Devils held UNC-Asheville to six boards on the offensive end in the final 30 minutes of play. “That’s what we’re trying to work on—the intangibles,” freshman Jabari Parker said. “Like I said last time, the offense is going to be there because we have so many weapons. But the little things are what are going to win us big games, like rebounding, limited turnovers and free throws. That’s what we See REBOUNDING, page 8

JULIA DUNN/THE CHRONICLE

After being outrebounded in its first two games, Duke won the rebounding battle for the second straight game Monday against the Bulldogs.

The Chronicle

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8 | Tuesday, November 19, 2013

rebounding

izzi clarke/The ChroniCle

Redshirt sophomore Rodney Hood scored seven straight points as Duke took control of the game late in the first half.

m. basketball

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from page 7

Duke’s three captains—sprinted toward the student section to pump up the crowd. “That’s the most excited I’ve gotten in a while,” Hood said. “I think that really picked up our intensity, as far as the dunk and coming out to hit the three. It got the fans into it. It was a great energy boost.” Duke’s defensive pressure caused problems for the Bulldogs (1-3) throughout the contest, forcing 15 UNC-Asheville turnovers. Those giveaways led to 27 points for the Blue Devils and helped them string together points in bunches to pull away and take a 48-28 lead into the locker room. The Blue Devils had turnover issues of their own, giving the ball away 16 times on the evening, but strong pressure on the defensive end limited the Bulldogs to just 16 points off Duke miscues. When they were able to take care of the ball, the Blue Devils were efficient in their distribution, assisting on 14 of their 18 made field goals in the first half.

Despite allowing seven offensive rebounds in the opening minutes of the contest, Duke recovered to control the glass, outrebounding the Bulldogs 42-28. After managing just seven rebounds through his first three games of the season, sophomore Amile Jefferson nearly doubled his season total with six boards against UNC-Asheville. “I don’t think we’re a great rebounding team, but we need to be a better rebounding team, and we were that tonight,” Krzyzewski said. The story of the game for the Blue Devils may have been the play of freshman forward Semi Ojeleye. After surrendering three offensive rebounds on one possession early in the contest, Krzyzewski inserted Ojeleye in to the lineup just 3:28 into the action. Ojeleye took advantage of his increased minutes, knocking down two open 3-pointers and finishing with 10 points without missing from the field. “Semi came in and to be honest, he shocked a couple of us. The first time he touched it, he shot it,” Hood said. “He played comfortably offensively and he was a man down there defensively.... He’s been playing like a monster, and he’s actually playing like he looks now, which is scary.” With a quick 24-hour turnaround, the Blue Devils will take East Carolina Tuesday at 6 p.m. at Cameron Indoor Stadium, with a trip to the semifinals at Madison Square Garden on the line.

from page 7

try to emphasize.” The Blue Devils outsized the smaller Bulldogs, who boast only six players taller than 6-foot-5—Duke has nine. Although UNC-Asheville’s backcourt is particularly small, with starting point guard Andrew Rowsey standing at 5-foot-10, the Bulldogs did have 6-foot-10 D.J. Cunningham and 7-footer Jaleel Roberts. Jefferson and Josh Hairston shared the assignment of covering the two big men throughout the game, limiting the pair to a combined 10 rebounds. “[Rebounding] was an emphasis,” Jefferson said. “We know we can score. We have guys who can really score the ball well. So it was especially up to the interior guys to put bodies on people and keep them off the glass.” UNC-Asheville seemed poised to take advantage of Duke’s smaller front line in the opening half. Cunningham and Roberts combined for eight points and eight boards in the first 20 minutes. After making some halftime adjustments, the Blue Devils came out of the break and held the pair to six points and two rebounds in the second half. Parker, who led the team in scoring with 21 points, also led the rebounding effort. The Chicago native pulled down 10 rebounds, including four on the offensive glass. Jefferson, who was assigned the task of handling the Bulldogs’ big men, contributed six rebounds. “[The key was] just putting bodies on everyone,” Parker said. “There were long rebounds and they were bouncing in weird places, so [our focus was on] making sure all of our guys were getting to the ball. And when we did that and everyone boxed out, we did a great job on the glass.” Although the two teams tied each other with 13 offensive rebounds, Duke prevented UNC-Asheville from taking advantage of more second-chance opportunities by pulling down 29 rebounds on the defensive end. The Blue Devils held the Bulldogs to 11 second-chance points and outscored them in the paint 38-22. Duke’s back-to-back victories coincide with backto-back victories on the glass, which is not a random occurrence. The play of Kansas’ frontcourt hurt Duke in its loss to the then-No. 5 Jayhawks. The Blue Devils gave up 50 points in the paint and were outrebounded 39-24 in the defeat. With a lineup that emphasizes speed and athleticism instead of size, rebounding was never meant to be Duke’s strong suit this season. But as Krzyzewski pointed out after his team’s win, it is an area that the Blue Devils will emphasize as it continues with nonconference play. “We are working on it,” Krzyzewski said. “I don’t think we are a great rebounding team, but we need to be a better rebounding team. We were that tonight— the kids are trying.”

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Freshman Semi Ojeleye saw significant minutes off the bench, scoring 10 points and grabbing five rebounds in 14 minutes of action.

The Chronicle

lazarus

www.dukechroniclesports.com www.dukechronicle.com from page 7

history for more than two reasons. Our field hockey team is on its way to the NCAA Final Four, its first trip since 2006. This past weekend, it crushed both New Hampshire and Massachusetts, surrendering only two goals between both games while scoring 10. The women’s soccer team won a thriller to advance to the second round of its postseason tournament. After ending double overtime gridlocked in a 1-1 tie against Colorado College, junior Kelly Cobb sunk the Blue Devils’ final penalty kick to give Duke a 4-3 victory. Women’s basketball, ranked No. 2 in the nation, beat Alabama 92-57 Sunday after torching USC Upstate 123-40 three days earlier. Senior Tricia Liston led the team with 20 points against the Crimson Tide, and is averaging 18.3 each game. And Duke’s 13th-ranked volleyball team, possibly the most consistent team on campus, tacked on to its winning streak by beating Wake Forest and Georgia Tech for its ninth and 10th straight victories. The Blue Devils have only lost one ACC game this entire season. We’re spoiled to go to a school like Duke, where victories are a given not only in Cameron Indoor, but now in Wallace Wade, Jack Katz and Koskinen as well. Nationwide, sports schools are rare. Between the AP football and basketball polls, only eight other teams are ranked in both (once again, I still can’t wrap my mind around the fact that Duke is one of them). And if you zoom in closer, only four others are ranked between men’s basketball, women’s basketball and football. Of those four schools, Duke is the only one that is also still alive in the

most unfathomable is that, although it’s November, campus is buzzing about a team that doesn’t play in Cameron Indoor Stadium. The debate around Durham this week is if we are now a football school. When I think of huge football powerhouses, I think of the SEC: Alabama, Ole Miss, LSU, South Carolina, guys in ties and girls in pearls. I think of Michigan’s Big House, which, at capacity, is big enough to fit the entire population of the U.S. Virgin Islands. I think of the ACC’s own Florida State and Clemson, consistent shoo-ins atop both the ACC Atlantic Division and the AP top 25. Considering that Duke is now on the same list as many of these teams, it’s a start. I don’t think that Blue Devil football will ever elicit the same excitement as basketball does—but in a few years when I come back to my alma mater on a Saturday in the fall, I hope I’m proven wrong. Duke is in a very unique position. We have an amazing football team and basketball team—and field hockey, soccer, women’s basketball and volleyball teams. Not only are we a basketball school, and not only are we potentially taking the first steps to becoming a football school—we’re a sports school. It’s easy to look at this past weekend and talk merely about football’s victory and basketball rolling along, but many non-revenue sports have also done amazing things. I don’t want to discount football and basketball at all, but I do want to emphasize that this was arguably the most exciting weekend inkakuro_402F.txt recent Duke sporting

sports

khloe kim/The ChroniCle

Columnist Danielle Lazarus writes that although Duke’s 8-2 start signals the rise of the Blue Devil football program, a number of other teams are having success this fall. NCAA women’s soccer and field hockey success in both of those sports. I love tournaments and is ranked in the top it. But, at the end of the day, they’re 25 of volleyball. simply contributors—albeit the biggest I know that not many people are ones—to Duke’s total athletic culture. paying attention to all of these teams. The fall sports season is coming to a People are just starting to care about close, and the Blue Devils are headed to our football team—how would they a bowl game. They’re also going to the know how far the women’s soccer team Final Four, the next round of the NCAA has advanced? College football and bas- tournament, the top of the NCAA rankketball are both placed on a pedestal ings and, inevitably, March Madness. nationally,The considering the popularity It was a really good weekend to be a New York Times Syndication Sales Corporation of their professional counterparts. Blue10018 Devil—but don’t we always have it 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. For Information It’s awesome that Duke can Call: have1-800-972-3550 good at a sports school? For Release Tuesday, November 19, 2013

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The Chronicle

“

Football killed tailgate After this weekend’s win against Miami, Duke football was ranked No. 25 in the country in the AP Poll and No. 24 in the USA Today Coaches Poll. Saturday’s win against Miami does more than just make us relevant in the football world. Our winning streak may mean Duke football is becoming a thing. After Tailgate, Duke’s administration worked hard to make football a central aspect of the new tailgating experience. It turns out, however, that all we needed to make that happen was a good football team. As the sport becomes more relevant on campus, and as more people go to games, it will have larger implications for Duke culture. Until three years ago, Saturdays were consumed with Tailgate. Current seniors are the last to have experienced Tailgate, and many shared a sad sentiment with its loss. Tailgate was a way for students to take a break on a Saturday. It was a way to see friends, build traditions and have fun. Tailgate culture had these positives, but its benefits paled in comparison to the toxic and harmful environment that Tailgate created. For so long, Tailgate negatively influenced Duke social culture, and eliminating it was a healthy step forward for the University.

This season we have taken another step— students are actually going to the games. This is the first year many seniors’ enjoyment of the football program is unconditioned by tailgating. Spending a Saturday at a game builds community in a way that drinking in a small

Editorial parking lot never could. Unlike basketball, football is not a whistle-to-whistle, actionfilled sport. We can talk to our friends, grab a corndog and soak in the 70-degree November North Carolina weather. The best part is that we do not even have to sleep outside to get in—there are plenty of seats to go around. With another major sport culture emerging at Duke, we need to consider the potential tradeoffs it creates. When we have an undergraduate culture that emphasizes sports, does it take away from building a deeper intellectual climate? Having strong football in the Fall and strong basketball in the Spring will shape the expectations of incoming Duke students. If applicants only choose Duke for its sports

Presenting the recent (and extremely well-deserved) success of the football program in such a negative light is not only disrespectful to the team, but speaks poorly for the Editorial Board as a whole. Shame on you for stirring the pot when we should be excited for our classmates.

D

espite tremendous campus policy achievements over the past four years, from online course evaluations to a Red Mango in the Bryan Center, there are still many places where Duke can do better.

” edit pages

—“Disappointed” commenting on the editorial “Football school?”

Patrick Oathout realpolitik with patrick

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Danielle Muoio, Editor Sophia DuranD, Managing Editor raiSa chowDhury, News Editor Daniel carp, Sports Editor Sophia palenberg, Photography Editor Scott briggS, Editorial Page Editor caSey williaMS, Editorial Board Chair jiM poSen, Director of Online Development kelly Scurry, Managing editor for online chriSSy beck, General Manager eMMa baccellieri, University Editor elizabeth DjiniS, Local & National Editor anthony hagouel, Health & Science Editor julia May, News Photography Editor kelSey hopkinS, Design Editor lauren feilich, Recess Editor eliza bray, Recess Photography Editor MouSa alShanteer, Editorial Page Managing Editor aShley Mooney, Towerview Editor jennie Xu, Towerview Photography Editor kriStie kiM, Social Media Editor lauren carroll, Senior Editor anDrew luo, News Blog Editor Matt barnett, Multimedia Editor rebecca DickenSon, Advertising Director Mary weaver, Operations Manager Megan Mcginity, Digital Sales Manager

culture, the makeup of the student body—as well as its values and priorities—may begin to shift away from the intellectually driven culture Duke seems to be working hard to promote. Sports in an academic setting can be valuable for creating community, but when sports become the focus they may detract from Duke’s mission as an institution of higher learning. The question is: what kind of University do we want Duke to be? Having an up-and-coming football team is exciting. Who knows, football may become a huge part of the Duke identity. Eventually, fewer people may go abroad in the Fall because they will not want to miss out on a killer football season. But let us not get ahead of ourselves. If you think that there are benefits to a great football program, continue to support the team. If not, focus on other pursuits. Sports and academics are not mutually exclusive, but we need to work hard to maintain a healthy balance between the two. The opinions in the daily editorial are formulated by 13 voting members of the board, who, as an independent group, are explicitly prohibited from writing or editing for other daily or weekly sections.

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carleigh StiehM, University Editor georgia parke, Local & National Editor tony Shan, Health & Science Editor eric lin, Sports Photography Editor rita lo, Design Editor jaMie keSSler, Recess Managing Editor thanh-ha nguyen, Online Photo Editor Matt pun, Sports Managing Editor caitlin MoyleS, Towerview Editor Dillon patel, Towerview Creative Director julian Spector, Special Projects Editor chelSea pieroni, Multimedia Editor glenn rivkeeS, Director of Online Operations yeShwanth kanDiMalla, Recruitment Chair julia May, Recruitment Chair barbara Starbuck, Creative Director

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Ever motivated by opportunities for marginal improvement, I have kept a running list of campus problems I have identified, solutions I have heard from others or devised myself and policy examples that work well at other schools. As a senior, I still have a few months left to change policy, but I fret the ideas I never get to address will remain only thoughts forevermore. So I list some of my favorites here, hopeful a proactive student or administrator will pick them up and make them a reality. Some of the ideas are audacious, some are straightforward—but I firmly believe all are actionable within a year and would make Duke a better campus. 1. We should remove group fund codes as a barrier to organizing. It makes sense that any entity wishing to request funds for programming or capital expenditures would need to be first vetted and trained by the University Center for Activities and Events. UCAE trains student groups how to get performer contracts approved, gas money repaid and pizza expenditures reimbursed, and as a certificate of completion for this training, student groups receive a fund code that serves as a key to these resources. Fund codes, however, do not just give students access to university resources—fund codes are also required to reserve student classrooms, table on the Plaza and request services from Duke’s student design agency. While approved student groups obviously benefit from access to these organizational resources, students or informal groups might benefit from access to these resources too. If a group of students wishes to organize a grassroots initiative in response to an issue, classroom space open to unapproved groups is undersupplied, and ad hoc entities that wish to avoid weeks of bureaucratic vetting have to exploit loopholes to request space or table. During the 2012 election season, the quickly formed Duke Students for Romney faced this problem when it sought to table and reserve classroom space. The Romney group was not approved as a student group when it filed a request, as it was decided that they would only last a few months and could partner with Duke College Republicans to accomplish their goals. But a partnership might have muddled the aims of both groups (not all Republicans supported Romney and vice versa), so the Romney group temporarily could not organize and meet its goals. If students want to collectively organize for any reason, it seems problematic to require government approval

of that group’s organization first. If students want to suddenly organize a seminar on Sylvia Plath or a campaign against plastic bottles, should they not be able to do so easily and without barriers? We can keep the money for vetted groups, but we should open afterhours classroom reservations and tabling to everyone who needs the space. 2. We should create a University-wide break during the day. The hustle of University life means individuals on campus are on constant treks between classes and meetings. Respite comes in packed buses, where the ability to check email or have a conversation is obstructed by the inertia of an accordion bus. Students may or may not schedule their own midday breaks, but purposeful scheduling of this sort is hard to do when classes are slated back to back. Scheduling a Universitywide break during every weekday, an idea inspired by North Carolina Central University, could mitigate this problem. This break could potentially last 30 minutes and during it no classes would be scheduled. The entire academic schedule for the day would therefore be pushed back 30 minutes to accommodate the break in the middle. Over time, perhaps student groups might organize performances or food events during this break, knowing students will congregate in public spaces. If everyone had a break at the same time, friend meet-ups could be coordinated, meals could be grabbed, the demands of a university schedule might dissipate, and a new campus tradition could emerge. 3. We should push for student government representation that is neighborhood-based. DSG senators currently run for seats allocated by class year and policy issue. This method of representation leads to an inflexible Senate, where representatives are locked in one policy silo all year and constituents have little idea who they should go to with concerns. Given the house model, fewer students define themselves by class year and instead by the communities in which they live. Rather than electing senators by class year and policy issue, senators should campaign to represent their residential neighborhood. Under this model, every constituent would have a go-to representative for their concerns, and elected students would be versed on all policy issues. Class diversity would be maintained because some neighborhoods are still class-based, and voter turnout would increase because candidates would have smaller and targeted areas for their campaigns. Representation based on geography is not only a method our Founding Fathers supported—it is a method used on most campuses around the country. We are beleaguered by an outdated method of representation that provokes misaligned incentives, and it is time we corrected it. Patrick Oathout is a Trinity senior. His column runs every other Tuesday. Send Patrick a message on Twitter @PatrickOathout.

The Chronicle

www.dukechronicle.com commentary

in defense of Dukeengage

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ukeEngage makes for a woefully ineffective relief organization. After securing a $30 million initial endowment, the program’s leaders decided to help the poor, illiterate and hungry by sending a small army of Duke undergraduates across the country and world each summer. That’s like sending Coach K to be an elementary school literacy coach. Though I’d pay to see a guy named Mike Krzyzewski teach

Andrew Kragie elevator pitch phonics, we’d make a larger impact by just hiring a good teacher. But DukeEngage is not a relief organization. It’s an educational program that wants to cultivate a commitment to service and civic engagement in Duke undergraduates. According to its mission statement, “DukeEngage empowers students to address critical human needs through immersive service, in the process transforming students, advancing the University’s educational mission and providing meaningful assistance to communities in the U.S. and abroad.” The organization absolutely does care about providing “meaningful assistance”—but assistance is not its only, or even primary, objective. Of the six goals in its strategic plan, only two center on service. Anyone associated with DukeEngage will readily acknowledge that the organization’s goals are not purely humanitarian. (Full disclosure: DukeEngage funded me this summer, and I serve on the program’s Student Advisory Council. The views here, however, are mine alone and don’t officially represent the organization.) Flying college kids to teach in Kenya for a summer is drastically less effective than donating to a reputable Kenyan school. The college kids probably don’t speak Swahili, they most likely lack teaching experience, and they certainly won’t stay more than a few months. Everyone knows that Duke students cannot change the world in a summer. DukeEngage emphasizes this in its slogan: “Challenge yourself. Change your world.” Notice the phrasing: your world, not the world. Staff members very intentionally remind participants that they cannot singlehandedly solve all the world’s problems, or even any one problem. They’re given a simple message: Go, try to help the nonprofit with which you work and learn everything you possibly can. But don’t expect to solve anything, at least not yet. Many people fret about the serious amount of money that goes into DukeEngage. Consider an international program in which students work in schools and participate in construction projects. Suppose the cost for two months’ room and board, airfare, insurance, visa and everything else comes to $10,000 per student. That $80,000, plus administrative costs, gives a community some low-skilled teachers and ineffective construction workers, and only for two months. What a waste! Unless, of course, you look beyond their impact on education and housing. What if you value students’ personal development, ability to navigate cultural and linguistic barriers and understanding of a developing country? These Duke students will eventually run U.S. aid programs, run multinational businesses and treat diverse patients in emergency

rooms. Hopefully they will draw on the skills, knowledge, experience and understanding gained from their DukeEngage program. It’s harder to valuate DukeEngage once you consider these intangibles. Once we acknowledge that DukeEngage isn’t a relief organization, we face a troubling question. Does the program use NGOs and partner communities as a means for Duke students’ growth? The famous German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who opposed using people as means to achieve a goal, would roll over in his grave if volunteering was only a means to benefit the (often privileged) volunteers. Let’s also remember that no Kenyan or Peruvian or Arizonan is forced to accept schooling from inexperienced teachers or stoves from novice engineers or advocacy from naïve Duke students—participation is voluntary. Most importantly, DukeEngage does better than most organizations at cultivating partnerships rather than clientlike relationships with host communities. Its programs generally grow out of long-standing relationships with host communities; those communities must invite Duke to send volunteers. DukeEngage avoids using people as a means by working with established NGOs who understand the community and giving power to their partners on the ground. If that doesn’t convince utilitarians who care more about results, I would point to communities’ economic benefits: DukeEngage pays homestay families, buys food from local stores and restaurants and reimburses travel with local taxis or rickshaws. Individual students purchase supplies from nearby markets, buy souvenirs from local artisans and pay for excursions with local guides. A tourismdependent economy certainly carries dangers for a country, but Duke students’ economic impact on a community remains positive on the micro level. And that’s a worst-case scenario in which the volunteers’ work doesn’t add anything. Although students are not professionals, program leaders do interview applicants to choose a team that can contribute to their NGOs. DukeEngage provides some general training about service and travel, but the most important training often comes from program leaders or happens on the ground. Many programs produce tangible, quantifiable results: stoves built, medical equipment repaired, classes taught, trees planted. Students don’t have their degrees yet, but they do have some real skills that often yield real results for their host communities. I hope to address one final criticism. I’ve heard many students bemoan the fact that some people do international service “for the wrong reasons.” These posers just go on DukeEngage for a free vacation or to enhance their resume. I would question the idea that one’s initial motives matter; if you engage in meaningful service, it will impact you—perhaps even more so if you didn’t initially care much about helping others. I’d rather a program take someone out of their privileged bubble than only accepting future social workers. My point today is this: DukeEngage is often criticized for failing to achieve objectives that it never was meant to address. In reality, it is an innovative leader in the field of collegiate civic engagement. Every program has flaws, including DukeEngage. But an excellent program should be emulated, not excoriated.

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Andrew Kragie is a Trinity junior. His column runs every other Tuesday.

Visit dukechronicle.com/section/opinion for more Opinion content.

Tuesday, November 19, 2013 | 11

HiV: The blame game

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IV/AIDS is a topic that cannot be divorced from realities across the African continent. To invoke the words HIV or AIDS is not to discuss the identity of any nation or any individual—but as a far-reaching public health concern—legislation, research and social work in the continent often revolve around eliminating the disease. Uganda has many organizations taking powerful and complex approaches to curbing instances of HIV/AIDS, with incredibly intelligent people working and succeeding in taking charge of their own public health issues. Too often though, nations and districts are reduced to their prevalence rates; HIV becomes almost a version of national iden-

Lydia Thurman this one time in africa tity in the eyes of the global community. Similarly, policies are constructed around dealing with the threat posed by HIV-positive individuals, without considering the policies that should be instituted in order to constructively help them. Ultimately, it is this mindset that provides the basis for legislation that criminalizes the transmission of HIV. And over the past decade, Uganda has on several occasions come close to criminalizing HIV transmission and exposure. Legislation proposed (and ultimately stagnated) in 2010 was condemned by Human Rights Watch and 15 Ugandan organizations for its reduction in government responsibility to provide affordable treatment, its criminalization of transmission and its removal of consent requirements for AIDS testing. An almost identical bill came to the parliament floor in 2012. It again proposed criminal sentences for transmitters as well as a legal mandate for medical examiners to notify the family and friends of HIV positive individuals of their status if they failed to do so themselves. Having ultimately failed, legislators were left without this “quick and easy” solution to HIV transmission. This has left the nation in a better position, able to employ a variety of methods with more subtle approaches than the proposed cut-and-dry criminal one. The United States, on the other hand, has implemented legislation very similar to these rejected Ugandan laws. As a nation, the U.S. has the greatest criminalization of HIV exposure and transmission, boasting the largest number of prosecutions per 1,000 people living with AIDS. The majority of legislation is determined at a state level, and 30 of our 50 states have laws in place that impose criminal penalties on people who know themselves to be HIV-positive and expose someone else to that virus. Prosecution and punishment in the United States is neither limited to cases where HIV is actually transmitted nor cases in which individuals are even truly at risk of getting HIV. What is criminalized is, without consent or knowledge, “exposing” another individual to HIV. Here, “exposure” often includes scientifically inaccurate cases like spitting and biting, cases in which there are no blood-to-blood contact and no exposure. These American laws conceptualize a HIV-positive person as possessing moral turpitude, bent on spreading their own misfortune. Not only do they disregard a greater scientific understanding of the disease, but they disregard individual circumstances and push all blame and responsibility on the individuals with HIV. The question of responsibility is an interesting one; whose responsibility it is to limit the transfer of HIV, individuals who are HIV-positive or those who are HIV-negative? AIDS is no longer the invisible and incomprehensible killer it was in the 90s, and the thought of its method of transmission no longer invokes the urban lore of malicious individuals roaming subway stations and crowded restaurants with syringes of infected blood. In Uganda, more often than not, HIV is transmitted between “consenting” partners. (Although the argument behind criminalization legislation is that you cannot give consent if your partner hasn’t informed you of their HIV status.) So should HIV-negative individuals be responsible for their own health and bodies? Is it their job to ensure that their partners won’t give them HIV, or mono, or some other disease? Or should HIV-positive individuals tell anyone they might become intimate with of their status? What if transmission is basically impossible, as the Swiss Federal Commission for HIV/AIDS found in some of their studies on individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy? I’m of the opinion that, to attain true consent, both individuals must step up and take responsibility for their and their partner’s health. But if neither person does, who is to blame? Independent of the morality discussion, however, these criminalization laws have a negative impact on the societies in which they are implemented. Reducing a complex social issue to the bang of a gavel is almost as reductionist as to consider AIDS prevalence to define a nation like Uganda. Human Rights Watch has asserted that in Uganda, criminalizing HIV would affect women to a greater degree because women are required to be tested at prenatal visits during pregnancy, so they are disproportionately likely to know their status and disproportionately unlikely to be able to assert themselves in a discussion on something like condom use. Pushing the impetus for curbing prevalence rates on individuals with the disease is neither productive nor fair. Ultimately, the prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission in Uganda and in the United States is the responsibility of everyone independent of his or her HIV status. And this mutual responsibility can only be fulfilled in an environment where one side isn’t criminalized and the other isn’t removed from the discussion. Lydia Thurman is a Trinity junior. Her biweekly column will run every other Tuesday. Send Lydia a message on Twitter @ThurmanLydia.

12 | Tuesday, November 19, 2013

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The Chronicle

DUKE DANCE PROGRAM presents

November 19 - 25 Exhibitions

the Very Loud Chamber Orchestra of Endangered Species. Thru Nov 22, 9am-5pm, M-F, Brown Gallery, Bryan Center. In Practice: Work by Duke Arts Faculty. Work in a wide range of media by 17 Duke faculty members and instructors. Thru December 13. Power Plant Gallery, American Tobacco Campus. Free. Soul and Service. A multi-panel exhibit celebrating the 100-year-plus history of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company. Thru December 20. Center for Documentary Studies. Free. Doris Duke’s Shangri La: Architecture, Landscape and Islamic Art. Thru December 29. Nasher Museum of Art.

NOVEMBER

S E C N A D 2013

Tiksi. An acclaimed series of photographs by Duke Visiting Artist Evgenia Arbugaeva. Thru January 11. Center for Documentary Studies. Free. Outrageous Ambitions: How a One-Room Schoolhouse Became a Research University. Celebrating 175 years of Duke history. Thru January 26. Perkins Library Gallery. Free. Lines of Control: Partition as a Productive Space. Exploring the creation and maintenance of borders. Thru February 2. Nasher Museum of Art. Free. Legendary: Inside the House Ballroom Scene. Photographs by First Book Prize in Photography winner Gerard H. Gaskin. Thru February 22. Center for Documentary Studies. Free.

Events

November 21 Uncle Vanya. By Anton Chekhov. Directed by Jeff Storer, TS faculty. A story of characters caught between tradition and transformation, between personal isolation and communal action, between the lure of love and the security of duty. 8pm. Sheafer Theater, Bryan Center, West Campus. $10 Gen.; $5 Students/Sr. Citizens. Violin Master Class. With Jennifer Curtis. 5pm. Bone Hall, Biddle Music Bldg. Free. Performance. By Iranian-born Kayhan Kalhor, master of Persian music. 7pm, tickets: dukeperformances.duke.edu, Nasher Museum of Art. Duke Wind Symphony. Verena Mösenbichler-Bryant, director. ★★★STARS★★★ Highlights include: John Williams: Star Wars Trilogy, David Maslanka: Morning Star, John Philip Sousa: Stars and Stripes, and more. 8pm. Baldwin Auditorium. Free. November 22 Duke Collegium Musicum. Kerry McCarthy, director. Music of Monteverdi. 8pm. Nelson Music Room, East Duke Bldg. Free. November Dances 2013. Dance Performances featuring Duke faculty & students. 8pm. Reynolds Industries Theater. $15 Gen.; $5 Students; $10 Sr. Citizens. Uncle Vanya. (See Nov. 21) 8pm. November 23 November Dances 2013. (See Nov. 22) Uncle Vanya. (See Nov. 21) 2pm & 8pm. November 24 Messiah Sing-Along. Join conductor Rodney Wynkoop, organist David Arcus and a selection of soloists and singers from the Chapel Choir for this holiday tradition, open to all interested singers! 6:30pm. Duke Chapel. Free. Uncle Vanya. (See Nov. 21) 2pm.

Screen/Society All events are free and open to the general public. Screenings are at 7pm in the Griffith Film Theater on West Campus. All events are subject to change. 11/19

Dr. Strangelove Rare 35mm screening! AMI Showcase—Kubrick and Existentialism

12/3

Paths of Glory AMI Showcase—Kubrick and Existentialism

ami.duke.edu/screensociety/schedule

DANCE PERFORMANCE

NOVEMBER 22 & 23 8 PM REYNOLDS INDUSTRIES THEATER BRYAN CENTER, DUKE UNIVERSITY This message is brought to you by the Department of Art, Art History and Visual Studies, Center for Documentary Studies, Chapel Music, Duke Dance Program, Duke Music Department, Duke Performances, Nasher Museum of Art, Duke University Libraries, Screen/Society, Department of Theater Studies with support from the Office of the Vice Provost for the Arts.