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Div School answers what science cannot by Carleigh Stiehm THE CHRONICLE
Although some might assume that theology is an antiquated field of study, Duke Divinity students and administrators are adamant that this kind of education is more than just blind faith. The Divinity School—where students learn to become both pastors and scholars of theology—plays an important role in a well-rounded liberal arts education, said Divinity School Dean Richard Hays. At
a university constantly praised for its scientific advancements, the Duke Divinity School enhances secular education with an alternate but compatible perspective. “Honestly, there aren’t a whole lot of other places in the academic world that teach us to ask, ‘Is this good?’” said Brandon Walsh, a master of divinity candidate. Students in the Divinity graduate programs come from a wide variety of backgrounds, but all of them come to seek
further study in the field of faith. Each come having accepted the fundamentals of their Christian faith—just as a mathematics graduate student accepts the concept of numbers, or a medical student accepts chemistry, Hays said. Some people might consider these assumptions illogical because they are accepted on blind faith, leading them to believe that a divinity school does not belong in a modern university, said Brian
Duke pockets bulk of royalties from faculty inventions by Tony Shan THE CHRONICLE
response to the changing needs of the state’s prisons, Walker said. In recent years, the inmate population has seen significant decline—in 2010, the average daily population of inmates was 40,203. As of April 4, the
Duke professors have raised concerns over a policy that entitles Duke to a large percentage of the profit faculty and students receive from their inventions. According to the Faculty Handbook, Duke is entitled to 50 to 75 percent of the net profit from faculty or student inventions created using University resources. These high royalties may pose a threat to entrepreneurship and innovation at Duke, and University policies for the distribution of collected earnings have left many faculty and administrators wanting. The policy that entitles Duke to such a large percentage has remained unchanged for over a decade and is something worth re-evaluating, said Gregory Wray, professor of biology and chair of the University Committee on Patent Policy, which oversees implementation and interpretation of the policy. “Rewards need to go to the people who deserve it, and in such a way that they incentivize people,” Wray said. “Right now, we think that things might be a little bit out of balance.” Under the current policy, Articles V and VI of the Policy on Inventions, Patents and Technology Transfer in Appendix P of the Faculty handbook require all inventions to be reported to the Office of Licensing and Ventures. Inventions are then divided into three general categories—those that are completely independent, those that use very little of Duke’s resources and those that rely heavily on Duke’s resources. For the first category, all property and income rights go to the inventor. In both the second and third category, Duke first collects enough to cover the cost of the used University resources and then collects royalties. For the second, Duke has the right to collect a royalty of 10 percent of the gross income. The third category, which most University inventors usually fall under, gives Duke ownership of the invention and 50 percent of net earnings for inventions that earn anything less than $500,000, 67 percent for income between $500,000 and $2 million and 75 percent for anything over $2 million.
SEE PRISON ON PAGE 4
SEE PATENT ON PAGE 3
SEE DIVINITY ON PAGE 2
McCrory cuts NC prison budget by Tiffany Lieu THE CHRONICLE
Governor Pat McCrory’s proposal to shut down five North Carolina prisons reflects a decrease in the inmate population. The proposed budget, announced March 20, recommends consolidating spending in the state prison system and shutting down five of the oldest facilities in the state. The advised closures would save taxpayers money while having minimal effects on the state’s prison operations, said Pamela Walker, deputy director of communications with the North Carolina Department of Public Safety. Recent trends of decreased prison bookings are corroborated by sentencing projections, which predict that the decrease will continue. “This was a very carefully measured response to a reduction in the inmate prison population,” Walker said. “We had to weigh [many] factors while also carrying out our mission of public safety and giving inmates tools to successful release.” The proposed state budget—a 2 percent increase from the current $20.2 billion budget—focuses on streamlining spending to
reallocate funding to necessary programs. This $20.6 billion budget projects savings of $20 million for the 2014-2015 fiscal year, which starts July 1. In addition to shutting down the five prisons, the plan proposes to boost the state’s pre-kindergarten programs, hire new teachers to meet enrollment growth and eliminate more than 3,000 teacher assistants. The new budget will also cut $150 million for the University of North Carolina system. “We have a strong foundation, but the foundation now has some cracks in it,” McCrory said in his presentation of the proposal to state legislators. “Our immediate goal... is to fix those cracks, so we can have a stronger foundation for future generations.” The state prison system is one “crack” that may see significant changes. The governor’s budget proposes shutting down five of the state’s 66 prisons to realign and consolidate spending—the cut could save taxpayers $54.4 million over two years, said Kim Genardo, communications director for the governor’s office. The governor’s proposal is a measured
Uni policy may stifle innovation
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20.6 billion dollars
Proposed budget for North Carolina prisons
5prisons Will be shut down in order to consolidate spending
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DIVINITY from page 1 Myers, a master of divinity candidate studying to become a pastor in the United Methodist Church. He noted, however, that there are flaws with this argument. “There is no field at Duke that doesn’t take on presuppositions,” Myers said. “I don’t think the argument should be about the crazy claims that the Christian Church makes because we all have crazy presuppositions.” There is no system of ranking for divinity schools, Hays said, but Duke was ranked number one for doctoral programs in religion by U.S. News and World Report. As such, Divinity School students are held to a high level of academic standards. Christina Carnes, a master of theological studies candidate, noted that Divinity School students bring more to the University than what others may perceive. “Everyone is guilty of making blanket statements, but if people really took time to come to the Divinity School and see the beautiful and diverse people here, they would see that we are so much more than what you can fit into a box of stereotypes of what a Christian is,” she said. The people behind the perceptions Walsh said students sometimes have the wrong perception of the true nature of the Divinity School because they often base their perceptions on conservative Christian stereotypes. “Like every other area of study, our
views on the world and ethics are critically engaged. We aren’t stuck in 1950s suburbia,” Walsh said. “Most students and people in general think they know a lot about the fundamentals of Christianity, and most people really have no idea.” When Myers entered Virginia Tech as a freshman, he was an atheist who saw himself becoming a doctor or lawyer. When he graduated cum laude, Myers chose to go to divinity school because of the transformation that he saw in people’s lives when they accepted God. Myers added that contrary to secular assumptions about Christians, he believes in scientific theories like the big bang and evolution, and they do not cloud his faith in the teachings of Jesus. “I agree with every scientific theory out there,” Myers said. “Nothing can prove or disprove God. That is a faith decision, not a logical decision.” Hays noted that the concept of a modern university grew out of the Christian desire for a better understanding of human purpose and the world that God created, adding that faith and learning go hand in hand. Science is an extension of humans’ attempt to come closer to God through explaining the natural world, he said. “Science seeks to describe empirical phenomena in a material world,” Hays said. “It describes how things work. Science cannot answer questions about why it exists or for what purposes or how it came to be. Those are the questions that theology tries to address.”
Part of the University The liberal arts education spans many approaches to understanding the world, and the field of religion offers an integral part of a complete humanities education at a university that also pursues science, math and technology, Hays said. These different areas of knowledge can work together effectively. Currently, there are faculty collaborations between Divinity and Duke School of Medicine scholars as well as a dual degree program between the School of Law and the Divinity School. The study of what it means to be human is at the heart of humanities studies, and that is where religion plays a role, said Carnes, who wants to become a theology professor. “Humanities in general have something to do with what it means to be a human in a way that math and science can’t fully address,” she said. Carnes said she is most interested in the influence of theology in modern contemporary visual art. At Duke, Carnes has taken an array of undergraduate classes, mostly in the art history department, that have given her the opportunity to connect with students outside of the Divinity School. “Some students have some frame of reference as to how other disciplines touch on Christianity or are influenced by Christianity, but when I am there, I am a living resource of the mind of a Christian and how everything in the world can be seen through the lens of living a Christian life,”
she said. Many aspects of the Duke experience that students have come to love were initially implemented in the Divinity School, Hays noted. For example, he compared DukeEngage to international missionary work rooted in service rather than spreading religion. “We are very committed to the ideals of communities of service,” Hays said. “The Divinity School has been doing DukeEngage since its inception.” As many Duke students continue pushing for increased social equality, some Divinity School students have heard from others on campus that the conservative ideals of some Christians do not belong at a university that largely advocates for the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community. But if a student spent a day at the Divinity School, they would realize that the debate about sexual orientation is not what defines the school, Carnes said. Hays said when students critically examine the teachings of the Bible in context to modern social movements, it allows for ethical and moral development. “The questions that we ask ourselves are not simple, but we believe above all else that all humans are loved equally by God, no matter previous sexual experience,” Hays said. “What that means is that this is a community where we hope to have respectful, serious conversations about what sorts of sexual practices and concerns God would want us to have.”
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FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 2013 | 3
PATENTS from page 1 ‘A chilling effect’ Duke is usually more generous than the actions outlined in Appendix P, said Bill Brown, professor of the practice of law. He said, however, that Appendix P could discourage the creation of inventions and entrepreneurship from occurring at Duke. “It’s a chilling effect—knowing that if I have a big idea, I’m only going to get 25 percent of the profit,” Brown said. The University of Virginia has adopted a policy where the University is entitled to 50 percent of royalties, regardless of the amount of income generated, Brown said. Stanford, like many other schools, has a one-third policy, in which a third of royalties goes to the inventor, another third goes to the inventor’s department and the last third goes to the university. Brown noted that the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is even more generous. “MIT, last year, only received 70 million dollars of royalties from its patents, and yet… the revenue of MIT-founded companies, if all put together, would represent the 11th largest country on earth,” he said. “MIT isn’t capturing this as royalties—they’re clearly more about creating an environment to allow this stuff to flourish rather than acting as a gatekeeper.” Wray noted that although Duke’s 75 percent may be a bit higher than at other universities, it is rare for an
invention to generate more than $2 million in net income, and if that were the case, 25 percent is still a lot of money for the inventor. Furthermore, he added that Duke’s policy is unique in its use of a sliding scale, which looks into the amount of resources used “Most universities are pretty black and white on [resource use]—either you used it or you didn’t,” Wray said. “[Duke’s] second category gives us some middle ground to negotiate.” Brown, however, said that Duke has never used the second category, and in fact, the gray area may actually confuse inventors and force them to be overly cautious. “If you’re going to develop something out of your garage, make sure it’s fully out of your garage,” he said. “Even casual use of things like email or phones out of your university office—any one of these things could be problematic.” An additional issue that Duke is trying to address is how student inventions and research play into this policy, Brown said. Currently, Duke students are subject to the same policy under Appendix P. “For instance, if you developed something in your BME design class, you’d have to negotiate that with [Office of Licensing and Ventures],” he said. “There have been many situations in which that has occurred, and it has left many students frustrated.” Allocating royalties Bruce Sullenger, the director of the Duke Translational Research Institute, said lowering royalties
would probably add some incentive for inventors and researchers at Duke. Sullenger, also the Joseph and Dorothy Beard professor of surgery, currently has a nucleic acid-based drug to prevent blood clotting licensed for future sale in the market, and said the biggest problem with Appendix P is how the collected money is distributed throughout the University. Money that is not given to the inventor is distributed to a few divisions that the researcher is affiliated with, such as their lab, department and school. The rest of the money, however, is distributed to the Office of Licensing and Ventures and to the University itself as general research funding to be used at the discretion of the University president. “The thing I don’t like is that the institutions that really help with those inventions are not being given any of the money,” Sullenger said. “The Duke Translational Research Institute helps inventors find opportunities to bring their inventions to the market, but they’re not on the list [in Appendix P].” The allocation of money to the inventor’s department may be unjustified as well. Now more than ever, inventions are being made through the collaboration of two or more departments, Sullenger said. The inventor will probably belong to only one of those departments though, and it isn’t fair for only one of those departments to get money, he added. “The invention and patenting process has a very complex structure, and that structure isn’t re-
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flected at all in the distribution,” he said. An outdated policy Duke has taken steps in recent years to encourage entrepreneurship, but an outdated patent policy may slow the University’s progress toward this goal, Wray said. One thing that the patent policy has done is potentially deter innovative researchers from Duke faculty. “If I’m on the job market, and I know that one thing that I really want to do is invent, I probably won’t go to Duke,” Wray said. “I’ll probably go to Stanford or MIT, where the way I do research will be nurtured.” Wray believes that the only way
to change this attitude is by building a more entrepreneurshiporiented campus community, but re-evaluating the patent policy is a necessary first step. President Richard Brodhead has asked Wray to review the patent policy, and that process will be underway soon. “The [royalty] rates have not been examined in the modern era where a large part of the revenue stream comes from medicine or software—it used to be all mechanical engineering,” Wray said. “It may be that the rates from back then are just fine, or maybe they need to be more generous or maybe less, but we won’t know until we look at it to see if it makes sense.”
Swinging in the rain
STEPHANIE ENGLE/THE CHRONICLE
Duke Swing performed it’s third annual spring dance showcase “Swing on Down the Yellow Brick Road” in Page auditorium Thursday.
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PRISON from page 1
LDOC
NICOLE SAVAGE/THE CHRONICLE
Students perform at the Armadillo Grill Thursday in a competition to perform on the Last Day of Classes.
PATENTS from page 4
state’s prisons housed 37,696 inmates. Sentencing projections predict the downward trend will continue, Walker said. Projections from the North Carolina Sentencing and Policy Advisory Commission in 2012 predicted that in 2020, the inmate population was predicted to be 39,976 as compared to a previous prediction of 41,342. If the budget is approved, the five prisons slated to close are men’s correctional centers in Bladen, Duplin, Robeson and Wayne counties, along with Western Youth Institution, male juvenile correctional facility in Burke County. “We looked at facilities where we would have the least impact on the programming,� Walker said. “If one had a specialty type mission, or had a program that wasn’t given at other prisons, we carefully tried to decide whether it was one that we could absorb at another one of our open facilities.� In the 2010 fiscal year, the total state expenditure on prisons was approximately $1.2 billion, with an average of $29,965 per inmate each year. “The measured response included looking into how we can, based on the reduction of the population, manage the population more efficiently,� Walker said. The prisons slated to shut down are the oldest prisons in the state, most requiring costly renovations and upgrades, and are more expensive to operate compared to the newer facilities. For example, Western Youth Institution in Morganton, N.C.—one of the prisons implicated in the proposal and built in 1972—would need $25 million in renovations and upgrades, Walker said. Money saved through the proposed budget would allow for a $20 million reinvestment in community corrections programs that aim to increase the number of probation officers and reduce the inmate population in the long term. “The budget is not just about reductions, it’s also about reinvesting some of the savings back into resources in the community,� Walker said. County jails, in contrast to state correctional centers, are funded independently of state funds, and will remain unaffected by these proposed cuts, said Paul Sherwin, public information officer for the Durham County Sheriff’s Office. The Durham County Jail has not seen a significant drop in the number of inmates like state prisons, Sherwin noted.
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FRIDAY April 5, 2013
Duke women’s lacrosse squares off this weekend against Boston College. Nick McCrory and Drew Johansen win ACC honors for Duke diving.
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MEN’S TENNIS
TRACK AND FIELD
Duke travels to face two ACC foes Blue Devils by Vaishnavi Krishnan
host lone spring meet
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The No. 9 Blue Devils are headed south this weekend, driving down to South Carolina for a matchup against No. 19 Clemson (14-3, 3-1 in the ACC) Friday followed by a trip to Atlanta to face Georgia Tech (8-10, 1-4) Sunday. This will No. 19 close out Duke’s road CLEM matches for the regular season. vs. Last weekend, the No. 9 Blue Devils (16-4, 4-1) Duke showed they could FRIDAY, 2:30 p.m. take down a top-20 Hoke Sloan Center foe, even when facing adversity. ThenNo. 19 Florida State managed to nab the GT doubles point by stivs. fling Duke’s second No. 9 and third doubles Duke teams. This was just the fourth time this SUNDAY, noon season that the Blue Byers Tennis Complex Devils had lost the doubles point, but they rebounded aggressively, winning all six singles matches to defeat the Seminoles 6-1. “The main focus this week has been doubles,” Blue Devil head coach Ramsey Smith said. “Doubles has been one of our strong points the whole year, and I felt like we just needed to fine tune a couple of things. It’s late in the year so we are not making any major changes, just tweaks. I am not worried about our doubles, [last week] was
by Zac Elder THE CHRONICLE
ell Dupere round out the Panther attack with 16 and 10 tallies, respectively. The Blue Devils, on the other hand, have a strong veteran presence on their roster, with 10 juniors and 13 seniors. Duke’s upperclassmen account for 72.2 percent of the team’s scoring. “All year we’ve been preaching that none of us can play like freshmen,” Lomas said. “We have to play like upperclassmen to be successful, which we’ve gotten better at.” Duke and High Point have squared off against three of the same teams this season: Mercer, Jacksonville and Towson. The Blue Devils blew out all three teams by an average margin of 10.7 goals. The Panthers, on the other hand, gritted out two-point wins against Mercer and Towson and lost to Jacksonville by one goal. Containing a Duke squad that boasts a more explosive and dynamic attack than the Bears, Dolphins and Tigers will be no easy feat for High Point’s inexperienced defensive unit. In particular, the Panthers will have to focus on their man-down defense, as the Blue Devils rank 12th in the country in man-up offense, scoring on 41.7 percent of their extra-man opportunities. “Our team defense has come a long way this season,” Lomas said. “Lot of guys have taken control back there. They have the ability to take over games, which gave us a
The Blue Devils will host a field of more than 1,000 athletes this weekend for the Duke Invitational at Wallace Wade Stadium. This weekend’s invitational is one of just two home events the Blue Devils will offer this season. With athletes hailing from 50 institutions, this weekend’s invitational serves as the Blue Devils’ premier opportunity to showcase their talent to a home crowd. “We only have two home meets a year, the Duke Invitational and the Duke Twilight Meet,” Duke head coach Norm Ogilvie said. “This is certainly the bigger of the two and a chance for our kids to compete in front of other students…. I think they really get up for it.” The invitational will host programs mostly from across the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast, including North Carolina, N.C. State, Elon, Maryland and West Virginia, among others. The event will kick off Friday at noon with the women’s javelin throw on East Campus and the men’s hammer throw at Wallace Wade Stadium, where freshman Michael Foley will look to improve upon his personal best throw of 185 feet, four inches at the Raleigh Relays a week ago. The track events will start at 3:30 p.m with the women’s 400-meter hurdles at Wallace Wade Stadium. Friday’s action will include the opening heats for both the men’s and women’s 5,000- and 10,000-meter runs, featuring some of the best distance runners in the region. Senior Mike Moverman, fifth-year senior James Kostelnik, juniors Brian Atkinson, Phil Fairleigh, Spencer Pecha and Lucas Talavan-Becker and freshman William Hague will lead the way for the men in the 5,000. The field events will kick off Saturday’s action at 9 a.m. with the women’s long and high jump. Junior Justin Amezquita will compete in the men’s pole vault, following a personal best of 17 feet, one inch at the Texas Relays, less than two inches away from the school record set by Brent Warner in 2004. On Saturday, the track events will begin at 10 a.m. with the women’s and men’s 800-meter relay. The women’s 800 features one of Duke’s most promising distance runners, All-America honoree Cydney Ross, a senior. The last time Ross ran this race was at the NCAA Track and Field Championships in early March, when she finished in sixth place and set a new school record with a time of 2:04.52. Saturday’s meet will not just focus on the current Blue Devil athletes, though. The meet will feature three alumni teams competing in a 4-x-400 meter relay Saturday. The teams will be comprised of Duke
SEE M. LACROSSE ON PAGE 12
SEE TRACK ON PAGE 12
CAROLINE RODRIGUEZ/THE CHRONICLE
Henrique Cunha hopes to keep his perfect singles record in tact this weekend. only one of the few doubles points we have lost. We have very few matches left so we need to make sure we are prepared 100 percent for each match.” As of April 3, the Blue Devils sit third in the ACC standings with Clemson just behind. The Tigers have one nationally ranked singles player, No. 26 Yannick Maden, who teams up with his brother Dominique Madden to form the 17th-ranked doubles tandem in the country. When the
two teams faced off last year, Duke swept all seven possible points. Georgia Tech sits in ninth place in the ACC standings and has lost its last 10 matches against Duke. Last season, the Blue Devils won 6-1. This Yellow Jacket team also only boasts two ranked competitors, No. 79 Juan Spir and the No. 3 ranked doubles duo of Spir and Vikram Hundal. SEE M. TENNIS ON PAGE 12
MEN’S LACROSSE
High Point a new opponent for Duke by Lopa Rahman THE CHRONICLE
In 2013, two brand-new Division I men’s lacrosse programs took the field for their first seasons. High Point is one of them. The Panthers will make the short trip to Durham Friday to take on the No. 9 Blue Devils—the first ranked opponent on their schedule—for the first time in program history. “We’re excited,” High Point head coach Jon Torpey said. “It’s a great experience to play Duke because it’s one of the best programs in the country. Our guys are looking forward to it.” In their inaugural season, the Panthers HP (3-8) are experiencvs. ing growing pains— No. 9 of the eight teams Duke that they have lost to, five currently sit at or FRIDAY, 7 p.m. Koskinen Stadium below .500. Now a perennial lacrosse powerhouse, even Duke (8-4) was susceptible to the hardships of fielding a new program. When the Blue Devils played their first season 75 years ago, they finished the year 2-5. High Point, which scheduled a road game with No. 7 North Carolina in addition to its matchup with Duke, is equally concerned with growing as a team and getting in the win column. “We want to kill two birds with one
BRIANNA SIRACUSE/CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO
Unlike High Point, the Blue Devils rely on its experienced upperclassmen like senior David Lawson. stone,” Torpey said. “We want these guys to learn what it takes to win, and we want to develop our large number of freshmen.” With 31 freshmen and just nine sophomores, juniors and seniors, the Panthers are the youngest of any of Duke’s opponents this year. High Point relies on freshman Dan Lomas—who leads the team in scoring with 29 goals this season—to bear the bulk of its offensive load. Sophomore Matt Thistle and redshirt freshman Mitch-
6 | FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 2013
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WOMEN’S TENNIS
Duke looks to stay hot Blue Devils take on Clemson and Georgia Tech by Jackie Klauberg THE CHRONICLE
After a comeback win against Virginia and a decisive victory against Virginia Tech last weekend, the No. 6 Blue Devils (14-3, 4-0 in the ACC) look to continue their upward momentum when they take on southern foes Georgia Tech (9-6, 3-2) Saturday and Clemson (9-5, 4-1) Sunday at Ambler Tennis Stadium. “Both of these teams this weekend are really good,” Duke head coach Jamie Ashworth said. “Georgia Tech had a good win last week…. Clemson is one of the best teams in the country and has gotten better as the season has gone on. We can’t have an emotional letdown.” Duke found itself in a dangerous position when it faced an upset-minded Virginia team at Ambler Tennis Stadium last Friday. “[In terms of doubles play], we’ve worked a lot this week on serving. We have got to do a better job at making first serves… and using our service games as weapons and not just relying on the return games,” Ashworth said. “Once you do that, you can put your opponents on the defensive a little earlier. When we are not making first serves, opponents can be aggressive off the returns.” After dropping the doubles point to the Cavaliers, Duke won its next three singles matches to tie the score at 3-3 with one court remaining. On court one, Hanna Mar was able to defeat Virginia’s Stephanie Naura in a thrilling three-setter. Mar won a third-set tiebreaker 8-6 to give the Blue Devils the victory. “She is feisty, she plays with a lot of energy,” Ashworth said. “She is never going to give up. She makes people earn their points. She makes people hit shots to beat her…. It’s
tough to keep up with her. She has been a great inspiration [for our team playing up in the first spot].” The Blue Devils will take on the Yellow Jackets Saturday at noon. Georgia Tech is 2-5 this season against ranked opponents and is coming off a decisive 4-0 victory against Maryland last weekend. The Yellow Jackets have one ranked singles player and one ranked doubles tandem. Elizabeth Kilborn ranks 89th in the nation and the team of Kendal Woodard and Megan Kurey rank 67th. Despite crushing Georgia Tech 7-0 last season, the Blue Devils know that this is a new season and things will likely be different. “We are a completely different team and so are they,” Ashworth said. “Georgia Tech has a new coach and three new girls, and Clemson has five new girls…. We’ve got to take one match at a time, we are not looking at last year.” Duke takes on Clemson, which is coming off a 6-1 victory against Boston College last weekend, less than 24 hours later. The Tigers currently have three ranked singles players in Yana Koroleva, Liz Jeukeng and Beatrice Gumulya at 16th, 42nd and 49th, respectively. The Blue Devils downed Clemson 6-1 on the road last season. Sunday marks the Blue Devils’ last home match of the season. “Historically, we have played really well at home,” Ashworth said. “We have tried to make this one of the tougher places to play in the country, and we need to keep doing that…. We’ve had really good crowd support and hopefully we get that. Either way, it comes off the energy of our team and they feel that energy when we are here.”
SAM JACTEL/THE CHRONICLE
Hanna Mar won the decisive match in a third-set tiebreak to clinch Duke’s victory against Virginia.
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10 | FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 2013
An unfair advantage A recent Chronicle article opportunities for exceptional suggests that Duke undergrad- students from lower-ranked coluates have an advantage when leges to receive an elite graduapplying to the University’s pro- ate education. Considering the fessional schools. If this is the significant roles that chance case, then Duke is one of many and socioeconomic status play universities with in the underelite graduate graduate admiseditorial programs that sions process, admit large numbers of un- when Duke’s professional dergraduates from both their schools favor applicants from own institution and other Duke or other top colleges, top-ranked colleges. While they run the risk of overlookthis phenomenon is not par- ing equally qualified applicants ticularly shocking and can be from lesser-known universities. attributed in part to the high- Overlooking these students quality education that these not only reduces diversity top colleges provide, we ques- within graduate schools, but, tion whether Duke’s tendency given that lucrative professions to admit its undergraduates at like medicine and law have hishigh rates is fair or healthy. torically been inaccessible to This trend is concerning a large portion of the populafor a number of reasons. First, tion, the persistence of an elite it threatens to exacerbate edu- educational track risks perpetucational inequities, as it limits ating existing class divisions.
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In addition to potentially widening educational and socioeconomic disparities, this kind of favoritism is unfair. Administrators at Duke’s graduate schools have preemptively rejected accusations of unfairness, claiming that they admit Duke students at higher rates because they trust Duke faculty and are confident in the rigor of Duke’s undergraduate curriculum. William Hoye, associate dean for admissions and student affairs at the School of Law, noted that letters of recommendation from Duke faculty “have potentially more power and more influence because we trust what is being said”. While we understand why admissions officials have more faith in faculty members with whom they are familiar, it is
unfair to, at face value, privilege letters of recommendation from professors whom those officials happen to know and trust. Although it is almost certainly true that Duke faculty members are sound judges of a student’s skill, it seems equally likely that professors at other institutions are just as judicious in their recommendations. Without taking the time to familiarize themselves with curricula and faculty from other colleges—which we do not recommend, as we recognize that universities face time and resource constraints—it does not seem fair for graduate schools to immediately privilege their own students simply because they happen to know their professors better. Although we recognize that completely eradicating bias is
impossible, graduate schools should attempt to reduce its influence in the admissions process. Finally, universities have a responsibility to produce students who will serve a wide variety of social functions. Of Yale Law School’s 650 students, it has been estimated that almost 25 percent attended Yale or Harvard universities as undergraduates. Equipped with a similar set of experiences, such students are likely to approach their material in similar ways. Because different schools have different academic traditions and teaching methods, both professional schools and society at large would profit if the diversity of these traditions were better represented in highly selective graduate programs.
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emember that girl in elementary school who The professor noted that simply by prompting always had her head in a book? us to make up a story and spend time in that story, Maybe she would occasionally miss lunch, we gave the shapes personalities and names. “The and you wondered where she would circle” became the friendly but naïve go. You found out one day when “Circle,” and the triangle and rectyou needed to return a book to the angle became “Triangle and Rectanlibrary after you ate. Remember how gle,” a villainous, straight-edged pair. you saw her sitting at the table in the We began assigning emotions: Circle corner with her food and a book? “felt sad” and “sought consolation.” I And in middle school, when it bedescribed Circle’s plight with genucame significant for girls to sit next ine empathy. to guys on the bus, she was often in He explained that it is this capacity ellie schaack a seat by herself. Her knees would to make up stories that makes us act brave new world rest against the brown rubber seat in morally. When we tell and hear stofront of her to provide a surface for ries about others, we discover an imher open book. Remember that? Remember how pulse to seek to understand their behavior. Instead of she was always so absorbed that hardly anything simply ascribing universal negative traits to describe could bring her away from her story—but if you did behavior that we find troubling in others, we seek to catch her attention, she’d look up from the page describe actions using impulses that we understand. and meet your eye with a half-smile? For example, instead of assuming that someone who Remember how she was a total b****? cuts in traffic is unforgivably self-absorbed, the person No. You don’t remember that. who fills his or her life with stories will imagine that You don’t remember that because the girl who was said traffic-cutter is rushing to the hospital. always reading books was the nicest girl in school. A few weeks ago, I was lucky enough to go on a She might not have been the most socially aware spring break that prevented me from having any cell or pretty or popular or even smart. But she was the service or Internet. I realized in their absence that nicest, and I think that her books made her that way. now, since my laptop and phone have become so (Calm down, Pratt: I’m aware that this observation permanently glued to my person, I read a lot less. is poorly-recorded and ill-measured, and lacks any sta- It used to be that if I had a bus ride or a spare hour, tistically meaningful sample size. I certainly have not I’d read. Now, I browse Reddit and Facebook. I’m proven the causality I’m suggesting. I’m simply hyper- guessing we all do. bolically describing an intriguing tendency.) Over break, it became clear what I lost by reading Lasana Harris, a Duke neuroscience professor, ex- less. I love getting to know—and growing to become— plained the reasons for this nice-girl-book-lover trend the characters in a book. I love all that I learn by readlast semester in a lecture on the neurological roots of ing books: not only brand new facts and information ethical behavior. but also entire new perspectives. I love shutting out He began by showing several videos in which sim- my old world and entering a new one. ple shapes—circles, triangles, rectangles—changed But lately I’ve been thinking about how I am not positions on the screen relative to each other, retain- the only one who loses out. Society loses something, ing their color or shape. He then asked everyone too. Stories are so important to the way that we relate watching to make up a story about what happened to each other socially. They teach us to reconsider prein the video. For example, I described something like conceptions and try on new perspectives. They teach this: Circle tried to become friends with Rectangle us to imagine the stories behind the behavior we see and Triangle, but they excluded him because he in the world. They teach us compassion. had no straight lines or sharp edges. He felt sad, so he went to the edge of the screen to seek consolation Ellie Schaack is a Trinity sophomore. Her column runs with the other circles. every other Friday.
The Fall 2013 columnist application is now available. Email Scott Briggs at sab59@duke.edu for more information.
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FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 2013 | 11
commentaries
Being fruitful in the desert
Under-rage
here is nothing revelatory about the notion that it to the desert in the south, where it is re-introduced in an agis difficult to live in Israel. Between the tumultuous ricultural setting. On our trip, we visited many fields where politics, ongoing violence and general uncertain- this water is used to grow avocados, tomatoes, olives, melties that characterize the day-to-day lives of ons and even fish in outdoor ponds. This is its inhabitants, other aspects of Israel often natalie alberman clever innovation, yes. But on a larger scale, get overlooked. Located in the heart of a it is a demonstration of Israeli self-sufficienguest column desert region, Israel’s hot temperatures and cy and environmental resourcefulness. inconsistent water supply have challenged In thinking about the more polar issues the country to find innovative ways of cultivating a piece of pertaining to Israel on a daily basis, details are often misland that is not particularly cooperative. understood and misrepresented on campus, as the media This semester, I have had the fortune of taking a class and other vocal leaders often neglect context. In the same called Earth and Ocean Sciences 406: Science and Inno- way that Israel’s advanced technology is often misreprevation in Israel. The course focuses on the technological sented as the recipient of special attention from the U.S. innovations that the State of Israel has implemented since or cultivation of the best resources in the area, many of the its birth to survive the challenges of being self-sufficient ag- political challenges that Israel faces get distorted by quick riculturally in a desert. Securing enough fresh water and headlines, and more detrimentally, lack of context. green energy to be used efficiently for its citizens has been There is no refuting the sad reality that the Palestinian one of Israel’s ongoing goals. This has manifested itself in population in Israel lives in less than ideal circumstances. a culture that is globally praised and referenced for its en- However, while many are quick to accuse Israel of isolating trepreneurial spirit and technological creativity. this segment of people living in the region and in particuI was able to experience this first hand when, over lar to point to the humanitarian crisis that is associated with spring break, our class went to Israel and visited wastewater it, there is a lost sense of context. Putting the issue of the treatment plants, drip irrigation factories and a facility that separation of the West Bank and Gaza from Israel aside, I is testing solar panels for use in creating steam for electric am making the case that framing Israel as the bearer of a power. Indeed, environmental friendliness in Israel is not humanitarian travesty is both ironic and destructive. Hulimited to making a political statement; it is an ethos that manitarianism by definition entails the protection of huensures survival in an otherwise hostile environment. Ef- man lives. Since the areas have been separated, the number ficient use of resources has allowed Israel to maintain af- of terrorist attacks has declined by more than 90 percent, fordable food prices for its citizens, unlike other countries and the number of Israelis (and Israeli Arabs) murdered in the region. For example, the rising food prices in Egypt and wounded—Christians, Muslims and Jews alike—has are what turned the tide against former dictator Hosni decreased by more than 70 percent and 85 percent, respecMubarak. According to a World Bank report from this year, tively. To discuss negative impacts on the Palestinian popuover 50 percent of food consumed in the Middle East and lation in being separated without acknowledging why this North Africa region is imported. Amidst the region’s rapid happened in the first place is an example of context-free population growth and without a foreseeable solution, this jargon that is ultimately destructive to the peace process. is an example of an issue that poses a serious threat to the All that can come from it is emotionally charging defendstability of many countries in the region. ers of both sides—a prospect that is not conducive to proIt is problems like these that render the question: Why ductive dialogue. Israel? Why is it that Israel has been able to develop and There is a lot to lose by playing the blame game with maintain a forward thinking culture that has not only man- Israel; instead of concentrating efforts on delegitimizing aged, but in fact shaped the evolution of technology? While the State of Israel or being exclusively critical of the counmany may be quick to point a finger at Israel’s progress try, there is opportunity to cooperate. Environmentalism at the seeming expense of its neighbors, context is always provides a perfect opportunity for countries to cooperate crucial in understanding this fundamental issue. Since its to solve common regional challenges. Collaboration over independence in 1948, Israel has been economically and fundamental and innovative survival practices in the region diplomatically isolated from its neighbors. It had no choice would not only be a productive initiative, but may lead to but to become self-reliant in food production, protection cooperation on bigger issues as well. Israel has embraced of water sources and other basic survival needs. These were innovation as a way to solve its domestic challenges and not political decisions; rather, in a sink-or-swim situation, Is- make the most of its limited resources. It is time that other rael swam long and far and has continued to do so today. It countries, both in the Middle East and outside the region, is this attitude of not accepting conventionality and throw- start to think of the future of our planet and participate ing itself at opportunities that defines Israeli culture. with Israel in setting the example. Today, Israel grows 70 percent of its own food and reI do not claim to have all the answers, or to really even cycles 80 percent of its wastewater (yes, sewage). This is by be able to discuss the complexity of the situation in the far the best example of the country’s commitment to the Middle East with you in this piece. Instead, I encourage environment. The closest country of comparison, Spain, you to come out to some Israel Fest events on the Plaza on recycles just about 12 percent of its wastewater. Through April 11-12 to learn more for yourself. extensive purification using an intricate network of water transportation, Israel reuses its wastewater and transports it Natalie Alberman is a Trinity senior.
ost universities nationwide have some variation of the following statement in their alcohol policies: “Students under 21 years of age are not permitted to purchase, possess or consume alcoholic beverages.” This implies a fantasy that this statement bars, by its own virtue, any purchase, possession or consumption of alcohol by unpi praveen derage members of an life of pi undergraduate community. Given this fantasy, most alcohol policies list guidelines that allow on-campus consumption of alcohol exclusively by those 21 and over. It is not enough for 136 universities to affirm the Amethyst Initiative, an initiative that calls for a re-evaluation of America’s legal age. Duke cannot have a policy that ignores the law and “permits” those under 21 to drink, but Duke students will continue to drink without regard for the legality of their actions. This is not the time for universities across the board to make empty statements about their respect for America’s laws. Universities, as guardians and institutions in their own right, must approach under-age drinking with the understanding that there is a fine line between regulating it and condoning it. Compare the current situation to the act of recognizing that under-age and/or pre-marital sex is a part of society while continuing to condemn it and withhold the necessary measures to lessen its effects. If this were a sex-ed class, we’d be teaching abstinence and abstinence only. If you don’t remain abstinent, abstinent training is of no use. I cannot imagine Duke’s administration restricting access to condoms on-campus, whether free-of-cost or paid for at the Lobby Shop and other such establishments. Unlike under-age drinking, under-age, consensual sex is permitted under the law—but both can cause considerable harm to an individual. Ideally, a condom prevents unwanted pregnancy and infection by sexually transmitted diseases—two events that can jeopardize a student’s future. Duke’s policy for outdoor events like Tailgate, personal checks and the Last Day of Classes (LDOC) concert represents a move toward establishing safe-drinking practices for all students, regardless of age. The six-pack-per-person rule, along with the ban on the general distribution of alcohol, allows for self-service and self-regulation of one’s own alcohol consumption. Although this policy is age-specific, it is an avenue that controls for the method and quantity of individual consumption. It also takes the potential for indiscriminate distribution of alcohol into consideration. Duke’s outdoor policy can be adapted to indoor drinking as well. An “open-door” policy that allows students to hold small gatherings of friends in their rooms would allow the Residential Advisor to be aware of everything that is going on. The small size of the gathering would allow students to consider and watch what they pour for themselves, while decreasing the amount of flowing alcohol. The University could then restrict the general distribution of alcohol at larger, student-hosted parties by requiring identification and a wristband for consumption at such parties. These rules would acknowledge that students are well-equipped to consider and watch what they pour for themselves, while also taking into consideration that the same students should probably not be pouring drinks for hundreds of their peers at a party. Rather than focusing on what students do in private, an effective policy should take into consideration the incidence and impact of publicly available, free-flowing alcohol at large gatherings. Students are going to drink. It no longer makes sense for a university to punish the act of drinking after the fact. We must establish a set of safe and sensible parameters for the prevalence of underage drinking on campus.
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Pi Praveen is a Trinity freshman. Her column runs every other Friday.
12 | FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 2013
How shall I study? Let me count the ways. 1. in Bostock 2. on the quad 3. in the gardens 4. by the pool 5. in the gardens and by the pool
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M.TENNIS from page 5 “We have talked about each guy taking care of his court,” Smith said. “In the college format it is easy for each guy to look around and hope your teammates win, but once we start singles it is just you out there, and we need to make sure that everyone is locked in and fully prepared and putting everything into every match for the rest of the year.” The Duke lineup boasts the No. 1 doubles pairing in the country of Henrique Cunha and Raphael Hemmeler, as well as five players ranked in the top-100 nationally in singles. Cunha, who is ranked No. 5 in the nation, is still undefeated on the season and looks to extend his streak this weekend. “He has had a phenomenal senior year, a phenomenal career,” Smith said. “But he has
really been playing his best tennis right now. He has made some improvements and is playing with so much confidence, to be this deep in the year and having not lost a singles match playing with our schedule is almost unthinkable—almost impossible to do that. I am not worried about him wining every match, I just want him to keep going out there and competing like he has. It certainly sets a tone for the entire team knowing that we are so strong at that top position.” Heading into this weekend, Smith has the ability to collect his 100th win in the five seasons he has coached the Blue Devils. He would become the fourth coach in program to accomplish that feat as well as the only one to win at least 100 matches as both a player and coach. “We are confident,” Cunha said. “But we expect a battle.”
TRACK from page 12
M.LACROSSE from page5
track and field alumni from the Class of 2010, Class of 2012 and a third team composed of alumni from multiple classes. “That’s fun for those guys to come back and relive the glory days a little bit, and certainly have them getting excited about the guys on the team now,” Ogilvie said. With alumni in town and home fans providing extra motivation, the Blue Devils will continue to build and prepare for the upcoming NCAA Outdoor Championships in May. “I would say that Duke is the premier program in this meet,” Ogilvie said. “We’re having a great year and we certainly look to do really well here.”
shot to come back against Mercer Sunday.” But High Point has been cautious about turning too much attention to any one aspect of the game. “Any time you talk about Duke, you pick your poison,” Torpey said. “If you focus too much on one area, they’ll take advantage of you in another area. We’re going to go in there and put our best foot forward in all facets whether it’s man-down, six-on-six defense or possessing the ball.”
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