SIMON

A MACHINE f o r

l i v i n g

eric simon / thesis 2015 jon coddington / advisor

THESIS

Architecture plays a special role as the environment in which we experience our life. For most people, however, it is an aspect of our life over which we have little control. We are passive receptors in our experience of space, with very limited ability to determine how it functions. It is static, and for the most part, we must adapt ourselves to our environment.

This thesis seeks to change that relationship, to allow the spaces we live to function the way that suits us best as individuals. In recognition of us as the unique individuals we are, the architecture will adapt itself to the changing circumstances and needs inherent to the rhythm of life, thereby participating in our growth as human beings.

The project adapts itself to our needs spatially, environmentally, and programmatically, and integrates these needs in a mixed-use, multi-family residential building through the use of sustainable design strategies, modular construction, and building technology. The building’s program provides a variety of amenities that support the adoption of myriad lifestyles, encourage social interaction, and build community at different scales. A hybrid system of modular construction allows the expansion and contraction of living space and the configuration of spatial elements to conform to the needs and priorities of residents. Mediation between the interior and exterior physical environment is given to the user via an interactive building skin.

Through each of these interventions, control is passed to the user, and the architecture evolves from an imposed condition to an empowering tool of self-actualization.

As we evolve, so too does the building. The language of the project expresses modularity and change, reflecting the life that beats within. Light, form, transparency, and movement are defined by the people within, and transform as people come and go, and as they grow and change during their time of residency.

CONCEPT DIAGRAM

BUILD

ADD

INHABIT

ADAPT

EVOLVE

SPACE IS CONSTRUCTED BY INFILLING A STRUCTURAL FRAME WITH MODULAR PANELS

SPATIAL AND SERVICE COMPONENTS ARE ADDED BY ATTACHING PREFABRICATED MODULES TO THE FACADE

SPACE IS CONFIGURED TO USER REQUIREMENTS THROUGH THE MANIPULATION OF MODULAR COMPONENTS

THE SPATIAL CONFIGURATION IS ADJUSTED AS USER REQUIREMENTS CHANGE

DIFFERENT TENANT SPACES CONTINUE TO ADAPT AND FORM NEW RELATIONSHIPS AND PATTERNS

SITE

N E I G H B O R H O O D S

a transitional district The University Southwest district is a transitional neighborhood. It is a zone in which large institutional and commercial entities meet with the smaller scale neighborhood fabric of West Philadelphia.

By placing the building at the intersection of two major path’s, the building’s outdoor spaces function as a transitional zone between institutions and neighborhoods. The building’s commercial spaces become part of the major East/West commercial corridor of Market Street, increasing activity on the street, strengthening the connection to the wider community, and further activating public spaces.

LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL

ARE IN THEIR 20’S AND HAVE PARTICIPATED IN HIGHER EDUCATION

54% OF THOSE AGED 20-34 HAVE A BACHELOR’S DEGREE OR ABOVE

HIGH DENSITY COMMERCIAL LOW

LUD

The district’s population is also transitional in nature.

While a large proportion of the population is made up of students, an even larger percentage is composed of people who hold professional degrees and are employed by those same educational and medical institutions. This means that many of the students who live in the neighborhood during their school years stay to pursue their professional lives.

This aspect of the population demographics of the area makes the University Southwest district an ideal location for this project.

As people’s habits, needs, and resources change during their transition from a student to a professional, the built environment in Modules/Units are classified as which they live will be able to change with short term. Long term units are them. Moreover, the large student population with short term units. provides the mix of short-term and long-term residents required for the dynamic use of space for which the building was designed.

31%

T.

TS RKE

MA

I N S T I T U T I O N S

ST.

39

TH

ST .

BUILDING MASSING BUILDING MASSING The initial volume of the building is determined by the height and density of of diverse, high-density urban housing. The buildings face the street to maint The volume of the building is determi street-level access for storefronts, pedestrians, and services. A central voi nexus for social interaction provides high-quality developed outdoor spac ing buildings. andThe buildings face the established street wall. A central vo outdoor space that serves as a nexus

T.

TS RKE

MA

LOW

LUD

ST.

39

TH

ST .

CONNECTIONS Residential areas are elevated to p sight lines for view of the Center surrounding area. Commercial and Of connection to the street.

CONNECTIONS Residential areas are elevated to provide privacy and clear sight lines for vi Philadelphia neighborhoods, and the University of Pennsylvania Campus. They o view the activity below from the comfort of their home. The commercial and off the central plaza at ground level to take advantage of foot traffic and to act

long term or interspersed

Vacancies in adjacent modules allow for the possibility of expansion of adjacent units or the creation of new units.

T.

TS RKE

MA

77% ARE EMPLOYED IN THE HEALTH CARE OR HIGHER EDUCATION INDUSTRY

LOW

LUD

Careful planning of short term and long term unit configurations in combination to adjustments to rental rates and flexibility of unit size and configuration will make possible an ideal utilization of space.

In the event that a module becomes “orphaned,” or unwanted by any adjacent unit regardless of adjustment to price, that module may be utilized for other purposes; e.g. as storage space or additional public space.

ST.

39

TH

ST .

ORIENTATION ORIENTATION Elevating the residential areas increases their exposure to seasonal breezes Elevating residential areas increas natural ventilation in the summer and solar heating in the winter.

Maintaini the site exposes the central plaza and the buildings on the site’s northern p breezes and insolation.

Maintaining building mass along the Market Street perimeter protects the plaza from cold the south exposes the plaza and bui light while increasing building mas from cold winter winds from the nor

38

TH

38

ST.

TH

T.

ET S

RK MA

UT

TN

ES

CH

.

ST

ST.

LU

the surrounding buildings balanced with the typology ntain the established street wall and provide id establishes a common outdoor space that serves as a ce to the general public.

ined by the surrounde street to maintain the oid establishes a common for social interaction

TH

39

TH

ST .

38

TH

T.

TS RKE

MA

UT

TN

ES

.

ST

PROGRAM PROGRAM The building contains a diverse mix of high-density housing types, including street-level rowhouses, a variety of apartment types, and micro-hotel units. A modular design strategy allows the size and configuration of many of the units to be adjusted as the needs of The building contains a mix of housing types including street residents change over time. The inclusion of commercial and office space in the structure provides convenience to residents, allows for the possibility of live-work arrangements, and creates a strong connection to the community through the integration of public spaces. level rowhouses, apartments, and hotel rooms. The inclusion of commercial and office space provides convenience and allows for the possibility of live-work arrangements.

ST.

CH

UT

TN

ES

CH W DLO

38

ST.

ST.

.

ST

LOW

LUD

ST.

39

TH

UT

TN

ES

CH

.

ST

ST .

GATEWAYS Gateways views of the Center City skyline, the surrounding West Connecting the elevated residential areas of the structure with the volumes below forms iconic gateways which mark the entrances overlook the street and the courtyard so residents can from the street and frame views to and from the site.

These gateways to connect the life of the street with the plaza, provide privacy and clear Connection the elevated areas ofhelpthe structure with the fice spaces retain their connection to the street and extending the street into the courtyard and activating the public space. The overhangs help to protect the plaza below from the tivate the public spaces. elements, makingbelow the outdoor areas more comfortable and usable even in poor weather conditions.

City skyline and the volumes forms iconic gateways, which mark the enffice Spaces retain the trances from the street and frame views to and from the site.

38

TH

38

ST.

TH

T.

ET S ARK

ST.

M

UT

TN

ES

CH

.

ST

s and solar insolation for maximum utilization of ses exposure tosouthern seasonal ing a lower elevation along the perimeter of to more natural light, while increasing gdperimeter a lower elevation to winter winds from the North. ildings to more natural ss to the north protects rth

LUD

ST.

39

TH

UT

TN

ES

CH LOW

.

ST

ST .

ROOF TERRACES ROOF TERRACES The vertical connecting elements also make the adjacent building volumes accesible as rooftop terraces, increasing the outdoor amenity vertical space for residents.connecting These areas can also be elements fitted with green roofs to create rooftop community rooftops gardens, allowing The make adjacent residents to grow their own food while building community. This also functions as a green building strategy that helps to mitigate stormwater runoff and insulate the buildings below, as well as providing a pleasant roofscape view for above. accessible as roof terraces.

These areas can beresidents fitted with green roofs to create rooftop community gardes and amenity space, while helping to mitigate stormwater runoff and providing pleasant roofscape views from above.

PROGRAM adaptability through diversity d i v erse

mixed-use

p r o g r a m

One way in which the building adapts to the diverse needs of its users is by providing a diverse programmatic mix. By offering a wide array of uses, the building can support a much broader range of lifestyles than a traditional apartment building. The amenities available to residents support the pursuit of a wide variety of social and cultural pursuits as well as the development of marketable skills, products, and services.

The interaction between these programmatic elements, moreover, also supports the integration of enrichment activities within the overall lifestyle of the resident.

The inclusion of commercial space provides opportunities for live-work arrangements that integrate all aspects of a resident’s life with their environment, while integration of public areas within the building strengthens bonds with the larger community.

By expanding the realm in which interaction between the life of a building’s user and their environment is possible, the building provides additional support for whatever direction one’s development as a human being takes. In this way, it becomes far more adaptable to our needs than a traditional building with a specialized, segregated program.

60000 50000 40000 30000

6 0 , 0 0 0

4 0 , 0 0 0

3 2 , 7 0 0

2 5 , 0 0 0

2 4 , 0 0 0

TERRACE/COURTYARD

HOTEL

20000

1 6 , 3 0 0

1 4 , 0 0 0

10000 0

APARTMENTS CIRCULATION/STORAGE/SERVICE

ROW HOUSE

CONSUMER COMMERCIAL

OFFICE

1 0 , 4 0 0

GYM

8 , 4 0 0 CAFE

WOR

7 , 5 0 0

4 , 9 0 0

RKSHOP/FABRICATION LAB BAR/RESTAURANT

4 , 0 0 0

3 , 5 0 0

3 , 2 5 0

3 , 0 0 0

3 , 0 0 0

DAYCARE

MTG/OFFICE FLEX SPACE

COMMON AREA

LOBBY

GAME ROOM

7 0 0 RESIDENT'S LAUNDRY

260,650GSF

STRUCTURAL S Y S T E M The structure of the building combines steel framing with concrete cores and foundation elements. Steel was utilized because of its strength in tension, its precision, and its ability to be recycled. The structure utilizes bolted connections to facilitate future reuse of the material and easy assembly/disassembly. The sizing of the structural elements is slightly inflated to allow for a wider range of structural loading conditions using identical/interchangeable parts. This permits the creation of double height spaces, wider spans, and the attachment of the cantilevered external modules at any location in the building without additional structural reinforcement.

1

5

2 3

4

6

6 4

1.

2.

3.

4.

12” CELLULAR STEEL W-SECTION 12” HSS STEEL COLUMN 6” STEEL ANGLE LIGHT GAUGE STEEL FLOOR JOIST 5. STEEL CABLE TENSION BRACING 6. 6” HSS STEEL FRAMING

STRUCTURAL MODULES

LOADING DIAGRAM - WEST

LOADING DIAGRAM - EAST

LOADING DIAGRAM - SOUTH

INTERNAL CANTILEVER TRUSS The most demanding structural conditions of the project are the large cantilever elements comprising the apartment blocks.

These cantilevers are supported by means of an internal truss created by the addition of full story diagonal members connected to the primary structural frame along parallel grids adjacent to the vertical concrete cores. These lines of cantilever support transfer the load diagonally from the overhang back to the vertical cores, and from the vertical cores to the ground (refer to the loading diagram above). Keeping the cantilever truss internal to the building transfers the load more directly to the structural cores and keeps the external bays clear and unobstructed, preserving views and allowing for greater flexibility in space planning and the attachment of spatial modules to the facade.

LOADING DIAGRAM - CANTILEVER

INTERNAL TRUSS

MODULAR

1

adaptable

space

3

Modular building systems are typically of two types, with a wide array of gradations between. These types are defined by the scale of the modular components. In the first type, the modular component is a type of panel [PACKAGED HOUSE SYSTEM], often separated into different functions such as wall and floor panels. The panels are then assembled in a systematic way that comprises a building system. The second type of system utilizes modules on the scale of rooms up to entire buildings [NAGAKIN CAPSULE TOWER]. Here, the modules are delivered to the site fully assembled, and are set in place or combined to form a larger structure.

4

S

Y

S

T

structure

E

&

2

M

Nearly all modular architecture may be classified as adhering to one of these systems. Some of the most successful contemporary examples of modular architecture, however, utilize a hybrid of these two systems, a combination of panels and room modules, to achieve the most effective results [CELLOPHANE HOUSE].

1

2 5 6

7 1.

WOOD PLANK FINISH FLOOR 2.

PLYWOOD SHEATHING 3.

RADIANT FLOOR COIL 4.

AIR INTAKE DUCT 5.

KITCHEN MODULE SERVICES CONNECTIONS 6.

RETURN REGISTER 7.

6” BORED SLEEPER CHANNELS

S Y S T E M S

3

M O D UL E

The system used in this project is a hybrid system. While the primary surfaces of the building (floors and walls) are comprised of a panelized system, the systems-intensive elements (kitchens and bathrooms) of the building are comprised of modules, which cantilever from the building face to facilitate relocation and replacement.

1 2

3 4 5 5 5

5 PACKAGED HOUSE SYSTEM WALTER GROPIUS 1940’S PANELIZED SYSTEM

NAGAKIN CAPSULE TOWER KISHO KUROKAWA 1972 MODULE SYSTEM

CELLOPHANE HOUSE KIERANTIMBERLAKE 2008 HYBRID SYSTEM

Wood panels function as structural and enclosure modules.

Assembled by universal connection according to stock designs. Developed for mass-market production of single family homes.

Steel modules outfitted with built-in systems and furniture are attached via a cantilever connection to a precast concrete core.

Developed as replaceable, identical modules for single occupants.

Systems and structure are incorporated into floor, wall, and enclosure panel types.

Critical elements such as bathrooms and stairs are consolidated into modules that are prefabricated.

4 5 4 1.

STRUCTURAL CEMENT FIBER BOARDS 2.

PLYWOOD SHEATHING 3.

LIGHT GAUGE METAL STUD JOISTS 4.

6” STEEL ANGLE 5.

2 LAYERS 1/2” FIRE RESISTANT GWB

STRUCTURAL

MODULE

SPATIAL

MODUL

LE

1 2 3

2 3

1 5

2 3 4

assembled module

4

assembled module

5

5 6

5

7 1.

CLG-MOUNTED WATER SOURCE HEAT PUMP PACKAGED HVAC UNIT 2.

HVAC DUCT 3.

VENTILATION DUCT 4.

ENTRY VESTIBULE 5.

DIFFUSERS / VENTILATION

B A T H R O O M

M O D U L E

5.

KITCHEN CASEWORK & APPLIANCES 6.

METAL PANEL CLADDING 7.

UNITIZED CURTAIN PANEL

1.

INTERIOR FINISHES 2.

PRIMARY ALUMINUM FRAME 3.

RIGID INSULATION 4.

STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME

K I T C H E N

M O D U L E

1 2 1

3 6

2

4 3

5 4

6

assembled module

3

5 7

7 6

8

SYSTEMS MODULES 1.

2.

UL ASSEMBLY/STRUCTURAL MODULES 3.

WALL MODULES

4.

UNITIZED CURTAIN WALL PANELS 5.

BATHROOM MODULE 6.

STRUCTURAL MODULE

INTERIOR FINISHES 5.

METAL PANEL CLADDING 4.

OPERABLE INTERIOR GLAZING PANELS 1.

1.

STEEL ANGLE 2.

PRIMARY ALUMINUM FRAME 6.

SECONDARY ALUMINUM FRAME 5.

LOUVER TRACK 2.

RIGID INSULATION 3.

RIGID INSULATION 7.

FOLDING GLASS ENCLOSURE OPERABLE LOUVERS 3.

PRIMARY ALUMINUM FRAME 6.

4.

STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME 7.

SSG PANELS 8.

ALUMINUM SPANDREL PANELS

UNITIZED

CURTAIN

WALL

PANEL

B A L C O N Y

M O D U L E

ENCLOSURE S

Y

S

interactive

T

E

building

DOUBLE SKIN C O O L I N G

M

1 3 4

LIGHT MONITORS W/ EXHAUST LOUVERS 2 STACK EFFECT AIRFLOW CROSS VENTILATION DUE TO PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL VENTILATION PORT 5 CAVITY AIRFLOW

1

skin

The skin utilized in the building is a double-skin “window box” system deployed as a unitized curtain panel.

The building skin functions as a permeable membrane, mediating the relationship between the occupant and all aspects of the exterior environment. Light, views, fresh air, & temperature are all adjustable by the occupant individually via louver systems integrated into the curtain wall panel. Alternatively, the user can allow these elements to be controlled by a building automation system which considers these elements in relation to environmental conditions and adjust them to maximize efficiency and comfort.

2

4

3

The skin adjusts thermal conditions through the use of sustainable methods. Natural ventilation through the building skin is driven by the stack effect in the central atrium. Heated air rises through the atrium and is exhausted through roof monitors, creating a pressure differential that pulls fresh air from louvered openings in the facade through the apartments and fan-assisted ventilation ducts in the interstitial plenums. In cold conditions, air is trapped within the double skin and heated by solar radiation. This conditioned air is fed into the building HVAC system to increase efficiency by reducing the degree to which the air must be heated.

5

Solar insolation and privacy are controlled by adjusting louvers within the double skin. The rotation and horizontal position of the louvers is adjustable, allowing a full range of positioning from completely open and transparent to completely closed and opaque.

As with the fresh air openings, control of the visual/ solar aperture may be overridden directly by the user or may be left to the determination of a building automation system, which can adjust the opening for optimal levels of solar heating and lighting.

The mediation of the relationship between the interior and exterior environment provided by the enclosure system has the capacity to greatly increase building efficiency, especially in combination with a building automation system and occupancy sensors.

More significantly, however, is the capacity it has to increase the level of control, thus empowerment, provided to the occupant.

LOUVERS:0° OPEN:0%

LOUVERS:45° OPEN:25%

LOUVERS:60° OPEN:50%

DOUBLE SKIN H E A T I N G

1 3 6

SOLAR HEATING/RADIATION 2 SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS AIR HEATED IN CAVITY 4 HEATED AIR INTAKE 5 HEAT PUMP AIR DUCT 7 CONDITIONED AIR

2

ENCLOSURE DETAIL

1

1 13

2

5 3

14 15

3 4

4

6

5 6

7 7

16 17 18

8

19

9

20 21

10

22

11

12

23

MODULAR BUILDING SKIN

LOUVERS:90° OPEN:60%

LOUVERS:90° OPEN:100%

The flexibility that the building strives for requires the ability to remove sections of the building skin for the purposes of adding or removing floor and wall components as well as exchanging typical curtain panels for kitchen, balcony, or spatial modules. In order to achieve this flexibility while maintaining the integrity of the building enclosure, a universal aluminum frame is utilized in both curtain panels and modules in combination with an inflatable rubber seal that infills corresponding channels in adjacent frames. An adjustable hanger is used to align each frame with those surrounding it , and compressed air is pumped into inflatable tubes to create a seal on all sides. Removing a panel is achieved by releasing the air from the seals, removing the bolts, and lifting the frame off the hanger.

1.

STRUCTURAL SILICONE GLAZING 2.

ALUMINUM MULLION 3.

VENTILATION LOUVER 4.

PERFORATED SPANDREL PANEL 5.

INTERIOR INSECT SCREEN 6.

WEEP 7.

INFLATABLE RUBBER SEAL 8.

PERIMETER RUBBER SEAL 9.

ALUMINUM FRAME 10. SHADE LOUVER MOTOR 11. SHADE LOUVER GEARS & TRACK 12. SHADE LOUVER 13. OPERABLE GLASS PANEL 14. VENTILATION DIFFUSER 15. FINISH FLOOR 16. FRESH AIR INTAKE DUCT 17. 12” CELLULAR STEEL BEAM 18. STEEL ANGLE 19. STRUCTURAL FLOOR MODULE 20. ADJUSTABLE PANEL HANGER 21. HANGER BOLT & ACCESS PANEL 22. RIGID INSULATION 23. COMPRESSED AIR TERMINAL

S Y S T E M S I N T E G R A T I O N systems

/

structure

/

enclosure

All the building systems work together in an integrated way to service the thermal comfort needs of the occupants in an environmentally sustainable manner. Thermal control is approached utilizing a variety of different strategies to develop a multi-layered approach to temperature control.

The first layer of control is at the building skin. The double skin curtain wall system utilizes the cavity between glass layers to both form an insulating layer of air as well as to temper the incoming air. It also forms a permeable membrane that allows cooling air currents into the building interior.

The next layer of thermal control is achieved through the storing and recirculation of thermal energy via a waterbased system. Solar energy collected by solar thermal panels on the roof is stored in an underground Solar Thermal Energy Storage system of insulated water tanks. When run through a heat exchanger, this thermal energy contributes to domestic hot water and to the building environment via radiant floor coils. All-in-one packaged heat pump systems in plenum space are connected to the water-source system and are used to make up any thermal adjustment not supplied by the radiant coils and/or natural ventilation methods. This system was utilized because the discrete units require little ductwork or other supporting infrastructure and therefore are appropriate for a building so changeable. Moreover, this system allows thermal energy to be transferred from one part of the building to another, making the imbalance of thermal conditions inherent to a mixed use building an asset rather than a liability.

The last layer of thermal control is achieved via the use of a geothermal system. A geothermal heat pump and ground coils are integrated into the system, and can be switched on during periods of heavy demand. This system exchanges thermal energy from the ground coils with the water-source heat pump system to add the thermal energy to the system that is not being generated via other less energy-intensive means. Once the thermal energy from the geothermal source is added to the water, it is distributed to the building through the radiant floor and self-contained heat pump systems already in place.

7 8 9

1 2 3 4 5 6

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24

25 27 28 29 30

26

WALL SECTION COOLING S Y S T E M 1.LIGHT MONITOR SHED ROOF:

WHITE TPO MEMBRANE/

PLYWOOD SHEATHING/

RIGID INSULATION/

METAL PURLINS/

WOOD PLANK SOFFIT 2.SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR 3.AUTOMATED GLASS VENTILATION LOUVERS 4.6” STEEL TUBE 5.TROUGH DRAIN 6.GREEN ROOF 7.12” CELLULAR STEEL W-SECTION W/ 2 LAYERS FIRE-RESISTANT GWB CLADDING 8.PARAPET WALL:

METAL PANEL CLADDING/

RIGID INSULATION/

VAPOR BARRIER/

PLYWOOD SHEATHING/

METAL STUD FRAMING/

SHEET METAL/

WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE 9.6” STEEL HSS 10.FAN-ASSISTED VENTILATION DUCT 11.FLOOR STRUCTURE MODULE/ UL LISTED 2HR HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLY 12.PREFABRICATED KITCHEN MODULE:

METAL PANEL CLADDING/

RIGID INSULATION/

VAPOR BARRIER/

PLYWOOD SHEATHING/

METAL STUD FRAMING/

STRUCTURAL STEEL/

METAL CHANNELS GWB 13.UNITIZED DOUBLE SKIN CURTAIN WALL “WINDOW BOX” PANEL 14.STRUCTURAL SILICONE GLAZING 15.AUTOMATED/OPERABLE SHADE/PRIVACY LOUVERS 16.OPERABLE INTERIOR GLAZING PANEL 17.LIGHT GAUGE STEEL FLOOR JOISTS 18.RAISED FLOOR 19.FOLDING/OPERABLE BALCONY ENCLOSURE 20.CONDITIONED AIR DIFFUSER 21.CEILING MOUNTED ALL-IN-ONE PACKAGED HVAC UNIT W/ WATER-SOURCE HEAT PUMP 22.RETURN & INTAKE AIR DUCTS 23.GLASS GUARDRAIL 24.PREFABRICATED BATHROOM MODULE 25.FIRE-RATED PARTITION BETWEEN LIVING UNIT & CORRIDOR/ATRIUM 26.6” STEEL TUBE CANTILEVER TRUSS 27.RETURN AIR REGISTER 28.CONDITIONED AIR INTAKE 29.OUTSIDE AIR DIFFUSER 30.OUTSIDE AIR/VENTILATION PORT

HEATING S Y S T E M 1

2 3 4 5 6 7

8

9 10

11 12 13 GROUND LOOP

14 15

UNDERGROUND STES TANK

1.

2.

3.

4.

SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR CONDITIONED AIR BACKUP HVAC HEAT PUMP CONDITIONED AIR INTAKE DUCT

5. EXTERIOR VENTILATION 6. FLOOR COIL PIPING 7. RADIANT FLOOR COILS 8. CAVITY AIRFLOW

GROUND LOOP UNDERGROUND STES TANK

9. HOT WATER LINE 10. COLD WATER LINE 11. STES* BUFFER TANK 12. EMERGENCY GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP

13. HOT WATER HEATER 14. TO GEOTHERMAL GROUND LOOP 15. TO STES* TANK *STES = SEASONAL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE

SPACE

ADAPTABILITY / FLEXIBILITY evolved spaces/organic development

5

13

The objective of the modular system of building employed in this project is to provide the building’s users with the ability to adapt the built environment around them to suit the needs created by their experience, temperament, and circumstances.

The factors that drive user requirements are as unique and dynamic as the users themselves. For a space to meet the needs of the user, therefore, the space must be able to adapt. It must be flexible and changeable.

While one way of meeting diverse requirements is by providing a diverse program (as mentioned previously), another way is by allowing the space itself to change. The modular systems at work in the building provide the capacity to grow, shrink, and otherwise adapt the space within the building.

Planning of circulation, services, spatial adjacencies, and other factors is how this evolution of the building is managed and directed, and how the unique spatial configurations that the building is capable of producing are developed.

3

8 3

7

5

9 5

11

7

4

7

8

7

6

26

7 28

9

14

26

26

25 1

11 5 9

32 9

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

4 10 15 18

17

10

23 20

20

11

11

20

20

20

20

20

20

22

16

5

11

11

11

11

11

19 19 24

6

7

7

19 19 19 19

19 19

19

19 19

19

19

4 24

4

24

3

4

24

16 10

9

33

10

2

24

33

32

2

24

26 11

22 20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

34

35

19

11 19

11 19

11 19

11 19

11 19

11

20

11 19

24 24

19

19 19

19

PROGRAM AREAS 1.

PLAZA 2.

RETAIL 3.

STORAGE DISPLAY 4.

5.

LOBBY 6.

MAILROOM 7.

MANAGEMENT OFFICE 8.

BREAKROOM 9.

RECEPTION 10.

WAITING AREA 11.

KITCHEN 12.

HOTEL BAR 13.

CONVENIENCE STORE 14.

FOOD SERVICE

15.

FA 16.

LO 17.

CN 18.

EQ SU 19.

BE 20.

LI 21.

OP 22.

OF 23.

CO 24.

ME 25.

CA 26.

DI 27.

CA 28.

ST TR

PROGRAM CATEGORIES

21 22

11

19 19

19

30

29

21 19 19

24

30

30 30

22

11

16

By providing a mechanism for change driven by environmental conditions, the spatial configuration of the building will continuously evolve to meet new demands. In this way, the space within the building can be said to evolve in a manner similar to a living organism.

While the framework for these changes will always direct the development of the spaces along certain predictable paths, within those confines the spatial permutations are manifold.

Over the course of months and years, the interior configuration and the exterior appearance of the building, especially in the residential areas, will evolve and change always renewing, never stagnant.

27

2

3

26 12

7

1

4

9 7

10

11

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

23

COMMON/PUBLIC

HOTEL

AMENITY

1 BEDROOM AP

SERVICE

2 BEDROOM AP

OFFICE

MULTI-LEVEL/ SPECIALTY AP

4

4

2

4

2

ROW HOUSE CONFIGURATIONS 20

19

11 19

19

19

26

7 24 22

19 19 20

11

TYPE 1 MASTER BEDROOMS

3RD FLOOR

20

31

21

31

31 19

24

23

19

ABRICATION OCKERS NC MACHINE QUIPMENT UPPLY EDROOM IVING/DINING PEN OFFICE FFICE OPY/PRINT EETING ROOM AFE INING ARDIO TRAINING TRENGTH RAINING

PT

19

19

29.

MACHINE SHOP 30.

WORKBENCH 31.

STUDIO APARTMENT 32.

TERRACE 33.

SAUNA 34.

COMPUTER LAB 35.

ELECTRONICS LAB 36.

COMMON RM/ LOUNGE 37.

HOTEL ROOM 38.

GROUP TRAINING 39.

DAYCARE 40.

LAUNDRY 41.

MEP/IT/WORKSHOP 42.

PARKING

ROW HOUSE CIRCULATION

19

2ND FLOOR

11 31 19 19

TOP FLOOR TENANT APARTMENT A TENANT

/ PT

APARTMENT B TENANT

TYPE 2: LARGE/SMALL BEDROOMS The opening to the upper unit is closed and access to the south side of the floor is opened to the lower unit. This provides a master bedroom and two small bedrooms.

31

BOTTOM FLOOR TENANT

PT

TYPE 1: MASTER BEDROOMS Each tenant can access master bedrooms with private baths via a stair within their unit.

TYPE 2 LG/SM BEDROOMS

20

3RD FLOOR

TYPE 3 STUDIO APARTMENTS

The row houses are aligned with the building’s structural grid, allowing kitchen or balcony modules to be attached to the facade. Each 3 story house is designed to accommodate one tenant on the bottom floor and one on the top floor. The second floor functions as flexible space, and can be accessed from both units. Through small modifications, the second floor can be utilized either partially by both tenants or entirely by one tenant.

The addition of a kitchen module allows each side of the second floor can be converted to a studio apartment which can be entered directly from the outside, providing additional rental revenue to the tenants or a supplemental residence for an elderly parent or adult child. The plan types listed below are only a few examples of how the space can be utilized:

TYPE 3: STUDIO APARTMENTS Two studio apartments are created by the addition of kitchen modules. The south stair to the street provides direct access, ensuring separation of tenant spaces.

37 32

36 32

10

4

37

37

11

38 36 37

32

37

38

39

39

36 32

32

11 36

32 37

37 40

22 38 37

37

22

24

22

22

37

8 24

39

10 9

40

24

22

22

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

PLAZA RETAIL STORAGE DISPLAY LOBBY MAILROOM MANAGEMENT OFFICE BREAKROOM RECEPTION WAITING AREA KITCHEN HOTEL BAR CONVENIENCE STORE FOOD SERVICE FABRICATION LOCKERS CNC MACHINE EQUIPMENT SUPPLY BEDROOM LIVING/DINING OPEN OFFICE OFFICE COPY/PRINT MEETING ROOM CAFE DINING CARDIO TRAINING STRENGTH TRAINING MACHINE SHOP WORKBENCH STUDIO APARTMENT TERRACE SAUNA COMPUTER LAB ELECTRONICS LAB COMMON RM/LOUNGE HOTEL ROOM GROUP TRAINING DAYCARE LAUNDRY MEP/IT/WORKSHOP PARKING

37

5

COMMERCIAL COMMON/ PUBLIC AMENITY

RESIDENTIAL

SERVICE

2 BEDROOM APT MULTI-LEVEL/ SPECIALTY APT

OFFICE

32

37 37

37

37

32

37

37

37

37

37

37 32

37 37

32

PROGRAM CATEGORIES

22

22

PROGRAM AREAS

HOTEL 1 BEDROOM APT 32

37

APARTMENT

32

6 32

CONFIGURATIONS “THE BACHELOR PAD” An apartment set up by a group of college roommates.

Pooling their disposable income gives them the opportunity to create unique recreational spaces that would otherwise be impossible such as a game room and bar. The ability to remove the floor panels even allows them to mount a basketball hoop to the wall and play inside their apartment. The bedrooms on the top floor have enough room for a desk for studying.

32 32

32

32

32

32

8

32

“THE TRINITY” This unit replicates the famous Philadelphia row home typology within a multi-story apartment block. The first level contains the kitchen and dining area. The second contains the living/ sitting room. The third level contains the bedroom and master bath. In this apartment, tradition is renewed and reinterpreted by technology.

32

32

32

7

“THE GREENHOUSE” This southern-facing apartment was created by a resident with an deep interest in gardening.

Three balcony modules have been inserted adjacent to a central stair. These spaces are filled with indoor plants, creating a light-filled, green atrium where the tenant can enjoy their garden and monitor the progress of their plants. Dedicated gardening work and storage space is located on the central floor.

9 40 3 41

41

41

41 41

42 3 3

0