Eve Parrot 2017

TRANSIENT-POLIS:

Maintaining Memory and Identity from a Lost Past to a Promising Future

Drexel University Architecture Thesis 2017 By: Eve Parrot Advisor: Joanne Aitken

INTRODUCTION... what’s the problem?

War, conflict and violence are reoccurring problems throughout the world, leaving people homeless and lands destroyed. As a result, people relocate seeking sanctuary why greece?

Refugees are passing through from Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq hoping to cross through Macedonia and further into Europe. Due to border closures and the EU-turkey agreement, Greece’s current state has become overpopulated. why helinikon?

The old airport and the surrounding Olympic venues have been abandoned entirely and now do to war/poverty they have started unintentionally housing refugees from neighboring countries becoming a ‘warehouse of souls’.

thesis statement: On the human level, this thesis explores how architecture can maintain memory and cultural identity by creating sanctuary in a temporary community.

The focus is on how architectural and urban design strategies such as spatial organization and levels of privacy can be utilized to preserve customs, behaviors, and memories of past homes while simultaneously creating new ones.

On the urban level, this thesis explores how a temporary community can benefit the permanent, long-term growth of its host city.

why now?

Stranded, an estimated 57,000 people, the Greek government has created temporary housing sites, although many do not meet accepted humanitarian standards.

Greece needs to provide transient housing and improve conditions at existing sites to identify more suitable accommodations for refugees.

maintain memory and cultural identity

create sanctuary

to date there are still 57,000+ refugees in greece. of these 5,500+ are in UNHCR settlements, 5,800+ are in non-organized facilities. the remaining are scattered throughout 29 clusters in greece from the islands to the capital.

refugees in greece bulgaria macedonia

drama: 510

3,330+ refugees on my current site

thessaloniki: 9,212

albania

veria: 357

eleonas: 2,415

lagadikia: 854 pieria: 1,699

athens volos: 96 filipiada: 445

lesbos: 3,308

thermopiles: 492

turkey chios: 2,461 malakasa: 1,365

andravidas: 249

piraeus: 1,291

samos: 1,416 athens: 7,005

leros: 690

site

kos: 603

temporary sites and settlements city : refugee population

elliniko: 3,299 rhodes: 18

greece |population: 10.8 million |sq mile: 50,500+

arrivals by year italy

2014

2015

2016 to date: Sept.

170,100

153,842

130,509

41,038

856,723

166,296

greece

refugees in numbers origins

*each icon represents about 20,000 people

demographics

Aug 2016

2015

2015

syria

others iraq

men

34,034 469 22,

iran

61 ,7 87

41%

pakistan

23, 444

479,648

54%

209,367

afghanistan

women 17%

Aug 2016

others

iraq

29% 4,8 44

iran

though the population changed drastically from 2015 to 2016, the ratio from men, women to children stayed relatively similar

24, 770

though the population changed drastically from 2015 to 2016, the ratio between the nationalities stayed relatively similar. there is still a large portion of syrians and afghanis

pakistan

7,845

nov. dec. jan.

feb.

2016

mar. apr.

1,721

3,650

26,971

57,066

108,742

151,249

210,824

156,457

107,843

aug. sept. oct.

1,554

may june july

67,415

mar. apr.

51,951

7,634

feb.

2015

30,718

2,945

jan.

18,445

1,690

100,000

13,132

200,000

77,994

40,512

afghanistan

arrivals by month

7,779

37%

1,920

children

syria

may june july

3,447

22%

aug. sept. oct.

nov. dec.

lifestyle overview syria

afghanistan

greece

marketplace

family

outdoor public space

housing

housing

housing

social structure

social structure

social structure

religion

religion

religion

GREECE... location athens

~9 miles

ee refug

s arr

iving

moun

~9 miles

key plan

t parn

port piraeus

itha

~7 miles

The site is approximately 2.6 square miles and relatively close to downtown Athens and Port Piraeus.

hellinikon

1/2 mile

1 mile

2 miles

N

poly-katoikia (multi-dwelling) characteristics

construction 1. 2.

3.

4.

sample block

Height: To protect the views of the Acropolis, legislation specifies strict maximum height restrictions for new buildings in the surrounding area to 27 meters ~88’-0”, with exceptions.

arcade

1. exterior plaster 2. thermal insulation 3. reinforced concrete 4. interior plaster Roof: Constructability purposes and because of the little rainfall. Also white-washed roofs reduce absorptance of solar radiation. load bearing structure 1. 2.

3.

4.

stoa

1. exterior plaster 2. brick cavity wall 3. thermal insulation 4. interior plaster

non-load bearing structure 1.

2.

1.

1. plaster 2. single row of bricks

Balconies: Function as a buffering zone, shading element, and a free recreational space. Awnings also add as extra shading devices. These elements add variation onto the flat facade.

open courtyard

sample prototypes

Set-back: Allows for a uniform facade and then creating exterior terraces above. Also it reduces the length of shadows.

Stoa: Mostly used for circulation or parking. Creates shielding from traffic.

interior partition

+form-less, border-less and placeless urban landscape = infinite repetition of polyktatoika’s

program refugees in need of housing men

ideal community size = 200 people 82 men 200 people

44 women 74 children

women 2,870

children

1,540

2,590

7,000 total refugees

35 communities needed to house 7,000 refugees

components of one community housing

flex space

outdoor space

learning

block size proposed typical block size footprint: 15,300 sf 8-story building: 122,400 sf

footprint: 10,575 sf 8-story building: 84,600 sf

footprint: 15,750 sf 8-story building: 126,000 sf

300 ft

footprint: 12,600 sf 8-story building: 100,800 sf

60-80 m (196-262 ft)

athens existing block size

100-120 m (328-393 ft)

300 ft

+maximize public open space +mitigate urban heat island effect +introduce green space in an urban setting

4 communities

1 block

+fragmented open space +isolated spaces from street +individual plots create push and pull in building layout

9 blocks can house 36 communities each block at 300’x300’ with 30’ streets in between

~921,600 sf is needed to house 7,000 refugees

SCHEMATIC... overall masterplan existing surroundings

mixed-use resiential

port piraeus

ocean

orientation

thesis concept

mountain

athens

mountain

future (athens)

mountain

present

present (transition)

past (port piraeus)

future

past ocean ocean

restore streams

scaling grid

main circulation axes

surrounding influences

program

business

main circulation axes

street hierarchy arterials

mixed-use

existing

residential

local street

park

greenway

greenway

stream

educational tourism

collectors

local road e

xisting

idealized street vignettes arterial street

8' - 0"

10' - 0"

10' - 0"

10' - 0"

parking

15' - 0"

10' - 0"

10' - 0"

10' - 0"

8' - 0" parking

91' - 0"

leof. posidonos

amenities: business offices, food, retail, entertainment, hospitality

collector street

10' - 0"

10' - 0"

15' - 0"

10' - 0"

71' - 0"

10' - 0"

8' - 0" parking

amenities: entertainment, beauty, fitness, healthcare, groceries, food, retail, residential

local road

greenway

13' - 6"

local street

leof. amfitheas

8' - 0" parking

10' - 0"

15' - 0" 51' - 0"

10' - 0"

8' - 0" parking

amenities: entertainment, beauty, fitness, healthcare, groceries, food, retail, residential

8' - 0" parking

10' - 0"

10' - 0"

28' - 0"

amenities: primary school, daycare, mostly residential, some food and pharmacies

25' - 0"

6' - 6""

8' - 0" parking

N stream

neighborhood program use

loc

tree

t

al r

oad

food

al s

loc

groceries fitness

stre

et

beauty arte

rial

educational entertainment religious healthcare

125’

Rules unit layout

exterior fenestration protruding balconies, terraces towards center of block

terrace bedroom bathroom

living/dining kitchen

central space

height constraints 8 floors max.

6 floors min. at street front

hierarchy of shared space

500’

shared communal space relationships

unit balcony shared terrace between 2-3 units

large communal space need direct correlation to the outdoors

bedroom shared communal

bathroom

250’

interior space and exterior garden space between one community (~200)

uniform, continuous front towards street, similar to athens

N

gre enw ay

shared outdoor recreation space exterior space between four communities (~800)

indoor

outdoor

unit layouts A

C.2

D.1

D.1

B

B.1

E

C.1

additive system, units can be stacked allowing for varying heights. circulation is exterior and separates the units.

A. single unit block B./C./D. double unit block E. community space circulation

B

A

FINAL... plans

M

10’

20’

40’

M

M

80’

Typical Unit Plans unit c.1

unit b

unit a

16’-1”

26’-0”

12’-5”

38’-5”

45’-9”

38’-5” 27’-8”

unit d.2

unit c.2

unit d.1 45’-9”

42’-5” 14’-5”

13’-3”

16’-1”

24’-0”

12’-5”

27’-8” 2

exterior terrace living space bedroom bathroom

47’-5”

48’-7”

47’-5”

48’-7”

47’-5”

50’-6”

unit boundary

24’-0”

10’

20’

40’

N

Upper Level Plan

N

Ground Floor Plan

80’

M

view from courtyard balconies

kit of parts

2 3

2

1

3

3 5a

3

3

3a

4 3

3

5b 3a

5b

4

5a

3

1

3

3

3

3 2

2

5a

5b

4 3 (x12) 2

1

3a

(x2)

(x2)

(x4)

(x2)

(x2)

(x2)

structure Structural Plan and Details typical plan

enlarged structural details 11' - 7"

13' - 1"

0' - 8"

b

d

axon of structural prefabricated panels

concrete slab

0' - 6"

a

insulated concrete wall

3' - 10"

13' - 1"

bolted connection at embedded steel plate

c.

b. floor connection at load bearing wall 42' - 9"

46' - 9"

c 2

b.

insulated concrete wall concrete floor slab isolation joint concrete pour strip

0' - 8"

a.

joint selant

5' - 8"

concrete haunch at pier connection steel channel welded to plate anchor plate and bolts

c. vertical joint

4’

N

a. pier connection 8’

16’

6”

Envelope Details

0' - 8"

1' - 0"

f. f. head detail

sealant with backer rod aluminum head exposed concrete finish paint or plaster finish

4' - 0"

j.

exterior

concrete slab ceiling 1. plaster 2. studs+batt insulation 3. rigid insulation 4. sheathing 5. membrane 6. air gap 7. wood panel rainscreen

2' - 6"

g. concrete insulated panel

aluminum sill sealant with backer rod

0' - 6"

0' - 2"

interior

j. wall assembly - street side

flooring material

aluminum window system

aluminum break metal blocking

4’

3.

aluminum break metal with weeps

finished ceiling

2’

2.

flashing

h.

e. section thorough one story

1.

1. concrete 2. rigid insulation 3. concrete

blocking

concrete slab

1’

joint sealant and backer rod d. corner condition

2’

j. flooring material

8' - 10"

1’

0' - 1 1/2"

0' - 8"

0' - 8"

0' - 1 1/2"

0' - 6"

3

g. sill detail 6”

1’

h. floor detail at non-load bearing wall

interior

0' - 8 1/4" 5.

3. 4.6.7.

1. 2.

exterior

k. wall assembly - courtyard side 2’

section

summ

er su

elevation

n

fenestration

6’-6” shades 3 stories

4’-0” shades 2 stories

4’-0” shades 2 stories

1’-8” shades 1 story

perspective from street

elevation from street

enlarged plan and section overall depth ranges depending on how many stories it’s trying to shade

community space elevation

ns

pa

re

nc

y

section

tra

section perspective

co

m

pr

nd

es

s

pa

ex

site aerial

summ

er su

n

water management, heating and cooling systems

solar chimney

geothermal piping

Site Water

solar chimney

rainwater

collect water primarily for toilet flushing and irrigation

municipal supply toilets

sinks/showers

filtra tio trea n and tme syste nt m

grey water black water

Building Water

filtra tio trea n and tme syste nt m

cent ra ciste l rn

stream

cross and stack ventilation for cooling

stack ventilation and passive radiant for heating

solar chimneys use the sun’s heat to provide cooling. heating the column of air, which then rises, pulling new outside air throughout the building

solar chimneys can be used much like a trombe wall. closing the exterior vents, the heated air is not exhuasted out the top and the interior vents are opened to let the heated air into occupied spaces. the sun heats the floor which then releases heat through out the space.

view from across the street

view of interior courtyard

fenestration model

community space

courtyard balcony system

“A bundle of belongings isn’t the only thing a refugee brings to his new country.”

- Albert Einstein