Brenna MARCH

VIBRANCY COMES FROM

PEOPLE

ART

BRENNA MARCH

TRADIT

UTAMADUNI THESIS ADVISOR: MICHAEL MCCLOSKEY

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

IN A REGION IMMERSED IN ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION; CULTURE, ART AND HISTORY IS A COMMON VALUE THAT TIES PEOPLE OF ALL BACKGROUNDS TOGETHER. THIS PROJECT AIMS TO CREATE AN ATMOSPHERE THAT CELEBRATES THE VIBRANCY AND PASSION OF THE SWAHILI CULTURE IN ORDER TO PROMOTE INTERACTION, UNDERSTANDING, AND FACILITATE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR LOWER INCOME SWAHILI PEOPLE IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA.

KAOLE RUINS, BAGAMOYO

CAPITALISM

SOCIALISM

1990

1967

1961

1919

GERMAN BRITISH RULE RULE 75,000 TREATY OF KILLED VERSAILLES FROM MILITARY AND LACK OF FOOD

1886

OMAN COLONIZATION OF ZANZIBAR. TURNS IN MAIN SLAVE TRADE LOCATION.

INDEPENDENCE

EARLIEST ISLAMIC RUNES, BEGAN TRADE WITH CHINA

16TH CENTURY

BANTU TRIBES BEGIN TRADE WITH ARABS, CREATING SWAHILI CULTURE. EARLIEST SETTLEMENT SHANGA

13TH CENTURY

8TH CENTURY

28,000 BC

FIRST REMINANTS OF STONE AGE ROCK ART FOUND AT MT. KILIMANJARO

DEMOGRAPHICS

AREA OF STUDY

IG

HT

T

H LIG

FL

RF

R

OU

OU

1H

2H

1.5 HOUR FLIG

HT

DAR ES SALAAM IS LOCATED ON THE EASTERN COAST OF TANZANIA ON THE INDIAN OCEAN. ALTHOUGH SWAHILI IS SPOKEN IN TRIBES ALONG THE ENTIRE EASTERN COAST OF AFRICA, TANZANIA IS THE ONLY COUNTRY THAT SWAHILI IS THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE.

20 MIN FLIGHT OR 2 HR FERRY

KEY: AMOUNT OF SWAHILI LEAST

GREATEST

ZANZIBAR ISLAND CAPITAL MT. KILIMANJARO MAIN SAFARIS/LAKE VICTORIA

TANZANIA HAS HAD ITS UPS AND DOWN. AS THE LEADER OF THE GOLD TRADE AND IVORY TRADE WITH CHINA AND INDIAN COUNTRIES, THE SWAHILI AND IN PARTICULAR THE SHANGA SETTLEMENT WERE AT THE FOREFRONT OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION DEVELOPING A UNIQUE CULTURE THAT WEAVED TRADITIONAL BANTU CUSTOMS WITH THE MUSLIM IDEALS OF ARAB COUNTRIES. THROUGH COLONIZATION AND THE SLAVE TRADE THEY LOST THE MAJORITY OF THEIR POWER AND THE UNWRITTEN HISTORY AND EDUCATION, BUT THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE AND TRADITION NEVER CEASED TO CONTINUE.

RELIGION

ECONOMY

TOURISM -17.5% of GDP Largest industry in Tanzania -25% of foreign currency earning -Employs 11% of countries labor force -12.9% increase in tourism from 2015-2016

-130 TRIBES - EVERY PERSON IN TANZANIA IS A MEMBER OF A TRIBE - 5.116 MILLION PEOPLE - 1/3 OF POPULATION IN AN URBAN SETTING - 2/3 OF RESIDENTS ARE UNDER 25 YEARS OLD

-64.1 % CHRISTIAN - 35.2 % MULSIM - 3.4% OTHER

- 47% SERVICE - 29% AGRICULTURE - 24% INDUSTRY - 47% OF THE POPULATION IS BELOW THE POVERTY LINE - 12 MILLION PEOPLE EARN LESS THAN US $.60 / DAY - LESS THAN 20% OF PEOPLE HAVE ACCESS TO BANKING

MICROFINANCE Microfinance: financial services to low income client Targets poor: collateral-free low interest microcredit and loans Urban activities: shopkeepers, service providers, artisans, street vendors 3 Categories: NGO - non-governmental organizations Most prominent in Tanzania: Pride TZ FINCA SEDA PTF Banking institutions Most Prominent: National Microfinance Bank (NMB) CRDB bank Akiba Commercial Bank Cooperative based Institutions - provide savings based services that are not regulated by the Bank of Tanzania Most Prominent: Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO) YOSEFO SELFFINA Tanzania Gatsby Trust Poverty Africa Zanzibar based Women Development Trust Fund

49%

30% SWAHILI HOUSE

EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS

70% COST $480 WEALTHY FAMILY 30% SWAHILI HOUSE 70%

WEALTHY FAMILY HOUSE SF $27,600

PEOPLE

$600,000

1 FAMILY

15,600 SQFT

$34,000

6 FAMILIES

970 SQFT 120 SQFT/FAMILY

51%

EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL MAIN ROAD

1 WEALTHY FAMILY = 121 POOR FAMILIES

WATER

GOVERNMENT EDUCATION RELIGIOUS

WEALTH PER CAPITA WEALTH PER CAPITA PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN INFORMAL TANZANIA GLOBAL AVERAGE SETTLEMENTS

UNDER THE POVERTY LINE

INSTITUTIONAL

MASAKI

10.5 MILLION TANZANIA51% 49%

PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN INFORMAL RURAL SETTLEMENTS

2 MILLION

SWAHILI HOUSE WEALTHY FAMILY HOUSE COST WEALTHY FAMILY SWAHILI HOUSE

PEOPLE

$600,000

1 FAMILY COST

WEALTHY $600,000 $34,000 FAMILY SWAHILI HOUSE

$34,000

49%

SF

SWAHILI HOUSE

15,600 WEALTHY FAMILYSQFT HOUSE

PEOPLE 1 FAMILY

6 FAMILIES

6 FAMILIES

51%

MSASANI

URBAN AREAS

MIKOCHENI

250 THOUSAND

MWENGE

1 WEALTHY FAMILY = 121 POOR FAMILIES

KITJITONYAMA

SF 15,600 SQFT

1 WEALTHY FAMILY = 121 POOR FAMILIES

970 SQFT 120 SQFT/FAMILY

REGION

MASAKI PENINSULA

$480

TOURISM REGION PRICE

970 SQFT 120 SQFT/FAMILY

$$$

LIFESTYLE

TOURISM/ RENTALS FOR FOREIGN DIPLOMATS

KEY FEATURE

COST

PEOPLE

SF

WEALTHY FAMILY

$600,000

1 FAMILY

15,600 SQFT

SWAHILI HOUSE

$34,000

FEATURED:

1. MWANANYAMALA

2. TENDALE

6 FAMILIES

PRICE

$

LIFESTYLE

MIDDLE/

30%

$27,600

MWANAYAMALA

70%

OYSTER BAY KINONDONI

TANDALE RESORTS AND BEACHES

WEALTH PER CAPITA WEALTH PER CAPITA PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN INFORMAL TANZANIA GLOBAL AVERAGE SETTLEMENTS

49% 10.5 MILLION

SWAHILI REGION SWAHILI HOUSE REGION WEALTHY FAMILY HOUSE

RESIDENTIAL

DAR ES SALAAM

KEY FEATURE

~SWAHILI

1 LOWER WEALTHYCLASS FAMILY =HOUSES 121 POOR FAMILIES

~STRONG SENSE OF COMMUNITY

970 SQFT 120 SQFT/FAMILY

51%

HANNA NASSIF

COMMERCIAL DENSITY

UPANGA KIVUKONI

RURAL TANZANIA

2 MILLION

JANGWANI

URBAN AREAS

KARIAKOO

250 THOUSAND DAR ES SALAAM

KISUTU GREEN SPACE

30%

CITY CENTER REGION

PRICE

LIFESTYLE

KEY FEATURE

70%

PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS

BUS STOP BUS ROUTE ROADS TRANSPORTATION

49% SWAHILI HOUSE

51%

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

SITE PLANNING

THE LIFESTYLE OF THE SWAHILI PEOPLE IS BASED OFF OF WORKING TOGETHER TO SUCCEED. THE SWAHILI HOUSE WHERE 6 FAMILIES SHARE A HOME WITH A COMMON VERANDA GENERATES THIS MENTALITY OF SHARING AND WORKING TOGETHER. IN THE INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS EVERYONE IS LOOKING OUT FOR EACH OTHER, SHARING MEALS AND MAKING SURE NO ONE GETS LEFT BEHIND. THE DESIGN AIMS TO CONTINUE THIS FEELING. WHEN CONSIDERING THE VERTICALITY OF THE SITE, I WAS INSPIRED BY ONE OF THE MAKONDE WOOD CARVINGS, UJAMMA, THE TREE OF LIFE. THIS SCULPTURE REPRESENTS THE FAMILY AND HOW YOU HAVE TO BUILD OFF OF YOUR FAMILY AND THEY PROVIDE THE STRENGTH TO HELP YOU SUCCEED. THE CONCEPT OF THE DESIGN IS TO INTEGRATE THE DIFFERENT CULTURE BASED PROGRAMS IN ORDER FOR VISITORS TO EXPERIENCE THE TRADITIONS AND VIBRANCY OF THE SWAHILI.

2=

CLAN 2

2 = CENTRAL ENCLOSURE CLAN 7

ILD

ING

4= SACRED FIG

DEME B CLAN 3

3 = QUE S MO

1 = E OF E TR D = PERFORMANCE

CLAN 5

CLAN 4 DEME C

E

LIF

7= PREFORM

5=FOOD

CLAN 6

6= TRADES

DEME D

BU

3= WOOD

CLAN 1

2= PAINTING

1= JEWELRY

DEME A 3 = OUTER ENCLOSURE

B = SPIRITUAL

A = WORKSHOP

3 = SITE C = MARKETS

SHANGA SETTLEMENT

MY SITE PLAN

2 = CENTRAL ENCLOSURE CLAN 7

3 = QUE S MO

CLAN 3

CIRCULATION IS CLAN 4 A DERIVED FROM TYPICAL TINGA TINGA C GIRAFFE DEME PAINTING. USING THE MULTIPLE LEGS TO FILTER SHANGA PEOPLESETTLEMENT INTO THE SITE.

CIRCULATION CIRCULATION

3= WOOD

ING

4= SACRED FIG

DEME B

CLAN 5

TINGA GIRAFFE TINGA TINGATINGA GIRAFFE

ILD

1 = E OF E TR

E

LIF

7= PREFORM

TINGA TINGA

5=FOOD

CLAN 6

BU

6= TRADES

DEME D

2=

CLAN 2

2= PAINTING

CLAN 1

D = PERFORMANCE

3 = OUTER ENCLOSURE

1= JEWELRY

DEME A

B = SPIRITUAL

A = WORKSHOP

3 = SITE C = MARKETS

MY SITE PLAN

THE OVERALL PROGRAMMATIC LAYOUT I BASED OFF OF THE HISTORIC SHANGA SETTLEMENT, THE PRINCIPLE LAYOUT WAS BASED AROUND THREE AREAS OF VARYING IMPORTANCE.

JEWELRY AND BEADING

-MOST COMMON PAINTING STYLE

-MOST COMMON JEWELRY IS BEADED

-BRUSH AND OIL COLORS CARTOON STYLE

-ALSO WORK WITH WOOD CARVING, STONE, BONES, AND METAL

-EACH PAINTING PORTRAYS A STORY. MOST OF THE STORIES ILLUSTRATE THE NATURAL BEAUTY OF TANZANIA AND EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT

WOOD CARVING

-MAKONDE AFRICAN WOOD CARVINGS

DANCE

-TANZANIA HAS RECENTLY HAD AN INFLUX IN CONTEMPORARY DANCE -INSPIRED BY TRIBAL MYTHS COMBINING MANY GENRES. AND FABLES -ALSO THERE ARE TRIBAL DANCES -ABOVE IS THE TREE OF LIFE, ACCUSTOMED TO OR UJAMAA, DEPICTS THE DIFFERENT TRIBES IN THE COUNTRY. HUMAN FIGURES CLIMBING AND HOLDING EACH OTHER TO SHOW THE SUPPORT OVER GENERATIONS.

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

VERTICAL STUDIES

LIBRARY OF BIRMINGHAM

A VERTICAL FARM FOR SANDIEGO

VERTICAL STREET CITY

VERTICAL FISH MARKET

ARCHITECT: MECANOO

ARCHITECT: BRANDON MARTELLA

LOCATION: BIRMINGHAM UNITED KINGDOM

LOCATION: SAN DIEGO, USA

ARCHITECT: Sergiy Prokof`yev, Arsenii Kuznetsov, Oleksandr Garashchenko

ARCHITECT: Roman Agreiter and Andreas Perkmann Berger

YEAR: 2013

PROGRAM:

1. VERTICAL FARM

2. RESIDENTIAL TOWER

ARCHIVE

PROGRAM:

1. LIBRARY

2. EDUCATION

3. PERFORMANCE

ARCHIVE

ARCHIVE

KEY FEATURES: THE BUILDINGS PURPOSE IT TO PROVIDE A MONUMENTAL, CULTURAL AND ENTERTAINMENT BASED EXPERIENCE. IT IS SET TO CREATE CONNECTIONS IN THIS HISTORICAL SQUARE. THE EIGHT ROTUNDAS THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING FORCE CIRCULATION AND FORCE THE CONNECTION THROUGH DIFFERENT USES OF THE BUILDING

ARCHIVE

8TH FLOOR

7TH FLOOR

8TH FLOOR

6TH FLOOR

7TH FLOOR 5TH FLOOR

THEATER

GREEN SPACE MAINTANIENCE

PUBLIC

ARCHIVES EDUCATION

4TH FLOOR 6TH FLOOR

3RD FLOOR

5TH FLOOR 2ND FLOOR

1ST FLOOR

THEATER

GREEN SPACE

MAINTANIENCE

PUBLIC

ARCHIVES EDUCATION

4TH FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

3RD FLOOR BASEMENT

2ND FLOOR

1ST FLOOR

LOCATION: ODESSA CITY, UKRAINE

PROGRAM: FISH MARKET

RESTAURANTS

RADIO STATION

MID REVIEW

MID REVIEW

PROGRAM

MASSING STUDIES

PERFORMANCE

EDUCATION

THEATER

1050 SF

OFFICES

REHEARSAL

600 SF

WORKSHOP

DRESSING ROOM

450 SF

STORAGE

100 SF

COLLABORATION SPACE

2000 SF

CLASSROOM

800 SF

600 SF

(1) WOOD (1) JEWELRY (1) PAINTING

1000 SF 1000 SF 1000 SF

MARKET

WORKSHOP

MARKETS

6000 SF

GALLERIES

900 SF

WOOD CARVING

(2) WORKSHOP 3000 SF

STORAGE

1000 SF

(1) GALLERY STORAGE

600 SF 350 SF

JEWELRY

SF

(1) BEAD WORKSHOP (1) STONE WORKSHOP

1500 SF 500

(1) WOOD WORKSHOP (3) STORAGE

500 SF 500 SF

PAINTING

TOTAL W/ SERVICE: 43,875 SF

(1) TINGA TINGA 1250 SF

(1) KNIFE PAINTING 1250 SF

(1) CONTEMPORARY 750 SF

MASSING

TRADES

PROGRAM

KEY:

MARKETS/GALLERIES WORKSHOPS EDUCATION PERFORMANCE SERVICE / CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION WORKER

CIRCULATION VISITOR

CIRCULATION OVERLAP

MID REVIEW

MOVING FORWARD

MASSING PROGRESS

REACTIONS TO MIDREVIEW: 1. INCLUDE MORE PRECEDENTS OF VERTICALITY

- VERTICAL STREET CITY

- VERTICAL FARM SAN DIEGO 2. RESEARCH ECONOMY

- ECONOMY IN DAR ES SALAAM

- TOURISM INDUSTRY

- MICRO ECONOMY 3. FORM:

- SHOULD THE CENTER BE

EVEN MORE SYMBOLIC

AND SCULPTURAL, USED LESS 4. PROGRAM

- GRAPHICALLY REPRESENT

THE WORK / MARKET BETTER

- PERFORMANCE SPACE INCLUSION

THE DESIGN TRANSFORMED FROM A CENTRAL CIRCULATION “TREE” THAT CREATED VIEWS INTO DIFFERENT PROGRAMMATIC ELEMENTS AND THEN I INVERTED IT IN ORDER TO HAVE THE PROGRAM ON THE INTERIOR OF THE BUILDING WITH EXTERIOR RAMPING THAT LEISURELY LEADS YOU THROUGH THE SPACES. BY FACILITATING THIS FIGURE 8 OF RAMPING YOU ARE LEAD THROUGH DIFFERENT PERFORMANCE AREAS, MARKETS, GALLERY SPACES, WORKSHOPS IN ORDER TO GET FIRST HAND EXPERIENCES OF WHAT IS MADE AND EDUCATION AREAS.

CIRCULATION

N

W

S

CIRCULATION VS. PROGRAM

E

MODEL PROCESS

ANGLED PER SUNLIGHT

CORE WALL

MAIN ENTRY VS. FORM

FORM VS. CORE

FORM WITH RAMPING

BUILDING SYSTEMS

REINFORCED FLAT SLAB CONSTRUCTION

CONSIDERING THE COMPLEXITY OF THE EXTERIOR RAMPING, A LARGE PORTION OF THE FORM AND FENESTRATION IS CONTROLLED BY THE STRUCTURE. THE CORE OF THE STRUCTURE IS BASED OFF OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FLAT SLAB CONSTRUCTION WITH CONCRETE COLUMNS ON A 30 FOOT GRID. THE CORE SPACES SUCH AS ELEVATORS, STAIRWAYS, RESTROOMS, MECHANICAL SPACES, AND STORAGE ARE POURED CONCRETE THAT WILL HELP ENFORCE THE SHEAR STRENGTH. SEEING AS CONCRETE IS THE TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TYPE IN THE AREA IT IS BOTH THE MOST ECONOMICAL AND ACCESSIBLE CONSTRUCTION FOR DESIGN. IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE RAMPING, THE 6” CONCRETE SLABS WITH TURN DOWN BEAMS ON EITHER SIDE ARE SUPPORTED BY ANGLED GLULAM COLUMNS THAT CONNECT TO THE SLAB TWO STORIES BELOW. AT THE MAIN RAMPING FLOORS, THESE COLUMNS ARE HUGGED BY CONCRETE BEAMS ON EITHER SIDE WITH ANOTHER SECONDARY BEAM AT THE SLAB BELOW. THE DOUBLE CONCRETE BEAMS ALSO WORK TO SUPPORT THE EXTERIOR MARKETS AND SEATING AREAS. DUE TO THE CLIMATE IN THE AREA, WITH TEMPERATURES AVERAGING FROM THE 70S-80S YEAR ROUND WITH LOW RAINFALL THE BUILDING IS RELYING ON NATURAL VENTILATION. THE STAINLESS STEEL MESH FACADE SYSTEM ALLOWS FOR CROSS VENTILATION WITH HELP FROM INTERIOR SHAFTS AND LARGE CEILING FANS TO CIRCULATE AIR.

REINFORCED CONCRETE RAMP WITH TURN DOWN BEAMS EXTERIOR DECKING FRAMING FOR EXTERIOR DECK DOUBLE BEAMS INTERSECT COLUMNS ANGLED COLUMNS TO SUPPORT RAMPS

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES

(FARHENHEIT)

80

GLULAM DETAIL

70 60

DEC.

OCT.

DEC.

SEPT.

NOV.

AUG.

NOV.

SEPT.

OCT.

AUG.

JULY

JUNE

MAY

APR.

MAR.

FEB.

JAN.

RAINFALL

(INCHES)

6 5 4 3 2 1 JULY

JUNE

MAY

APR.

MAR.

FEB.

JAN.

VENTILATION

FRAMING DIAGRAM

WALL SECTION

SECTION PERSPECTIVE

FINAL DRAWINGS

PROGRAM INDOOR MARKET

WORKSHOP

FOOD VENDORS

OFFICES

PERFORMANCE

DN

DN

DN

S

UP

UP S

OUTDOOR MARKET

EDUCATION

GALLERY

SERVICE

CIRCULATION

6TH FLOOR

12TH FLOOR

UP

UP

UP

UP

DN DN

DN DN

S

S

5TH FLOOR

MWENGE WOODCARVERS DN

UP

UP

DN DN S

UP

UP

4TH FLOOR

10TH FLOOR UP

UP

UP

UP

DN DN

DN

S S

3RD FLOOR

9TH FLOOR

UP

UP

DN

DN DN

S S

UP

UP

2ND FLOOR

8TH FLOOR

UP

UP

UP

UP

DN DN

S S

KIVUKONI FISH MARKET

S

KARIAKOO MARKET

11TH FLOOR

DN

1ST FLOOR

7TH FLOOR

FINAL DRAWINGS

FINAL DRAWINGS

TYPICAL MARKET PLAN

TYPICAL FOOD MARKET PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL WORKSHOP AND EDUCATIONAL PLAN

PLANS

PLANS

FINAL PRESENTATION

FINAL DRAWINGS BAMBOO RAILING 6ft: 80%

6FT : 80% TRANSPARENCY

GLULAM ANGLED COLUMNS

3ft: 20%

6FT : 20% TRANSPARENCY

PERFORATED METAL SCREEN PERFORATED STEEL MESH WALL

RAILING

REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS/RAMPS

MATERIALITY

PERFORATED METAL SCREEN

THROUGHOUT THE YEAR MY MAIN GOAL WAS TO TRY TO CREATE A SPACE WHERE BOTH TOURISTS AND LOCAL SWAHILI PEOPLE WOULD BOTH BE COMFORTABLE USING IT AND COULD HELP WITH THE ECONOMIC ISSUES IN THE AREA. THIS IDEA TURNED OUT TO BE MORE INVOLVED THAN I FIRST IMAGINED, FROM LOCATION TO PROGRAM MY INITIAL IDEAS CHANGED BASED OFF OF THE RESEARCH. MY DESIGN TRANSFORMED FROM A MARKET PLACE THAT SUPPORTED A SCHOOL INTO A CELEBRATION OF CUTURE. MY BIGGEST TAKE AWAY FROM THE FINAL PRESENTATION WAS TO CONSIDER INCLUDING DOUBLE HEIGHT SPACES IN ORDER TO CREATE MEETING PLACES THAT DRAWS PEOPLE IN WITH A PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE TOP FLOOR TO ENSURE THE THE ENTIRE BUILDING IS BEING USED.