Julia Grimes

agREculture

Julia Grimes I Thesis 2018-2019 Professor John DeFazio

SITE CONDITIONS Intending to serve as a model for revitalization of the “family farm� in the rural landscape, the site for agREculture was carefully chosen to fit the profile of several farms in Pennsylvania facing similar difficulties:

- 150+ Acres of land - Historic Barn

351 N Dicksinson School Rd Carlisle, PA

agREculture: rural farming x public life Climate + Soil Analysis

- Economic Hardship (not in operation) - Amid a larger community

PLANNING + PROGRAMMING 325 mil 300 mil

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275 mil 250 mil 225 mil 200 mil 175 mil 150 mil 125 mil

GAP BETWEEN NATIONAL POPULATION AND FARMING POPULATION

100 mil 75 mil 50 mil

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1990

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25 mil

Programmatic Intent The goal of agReculture is to demonstrate a new type of farming that will be ecologically sustainable and inclusive of the surrounding community while remainging economically viable.

1 miles radius

Carlisle Township

3.1 miles to Appalachan Trail

This farm site must include an educational component open to the public, a food-centirc commercial catalyst, and farm buildings that accommodate an innovative approach to modern agriculture and allow for peopleinteraction, all while remaingng connected to the public recreational networks in the area.

Business â&#x20AC;&#x153;Group Bâ&#x20AC;? Type Agricultural â&#x20AC;&#x153;Group Uâ&#x20AC;? Type Julia Grimes I Thesis 2018-2019

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

Schoolgarden “De Buitenkans” : RO&AD Architecten

Horse Stable: 57STUDIO

Nature & Environment Learning Centre: Bureau SLA

Latteria Sociale Valtellina Cooperative Dairy: Piuarch

Takeaway: Polycarbonate panels as an exterior cladding material - an effective alternate to glass with superior impact resistence and durability to allow for light and views with greater size and shape flexibility. Ability to fit in with existing construction techniques of “pole barn” construction.

Takeaway: A steel structural system placed on a flexible 12’ x 12’ grid that will allow for the adaptability of animal and human spaces as needs change.

A kit of parts can be developed to fit within the grid and allow for more convenient maintenence and durability of the whole in an animal-building.

Takeaway: Size and arrangement of structured (laboratory space) and unstructured (classroom) educational spaces relative to each other and their exterior surroundings. This simple layout of spaces is straightforward, efficient, and allows for overflow learning in nearly any direction.

Takeaway: Exaggeration of simple, familiar, vernacular forms to allow for increased shelter and more dynamic indoor-outdoor spaces. The gable roof is fitting in both the regional context and the building typologies of farms, making the extended overhang a logical deviation.

agREculture: rural farming x public life

OCT animal access lanes should be located MARaround it, an accurately measured series of swales and berms capture Also roads, and the sun and to atmosphere.

System trees and shrubs build allows forzones shade-loving rainfall and spread it out evenly. Include Riparian along plants where fences go, where the pattern of grazing will follow, their and physical structure only thrive. Surface Area - 3+ how infrastructure once and then may use the such as buildings will be arranged. the edges of bodies of water as biologicaltosponges.

SEP APR

PERMACULTUR

shrubs, and grasses, and the species of plants which live there. Also defined by the particular successional pathway that occurs in the region.

acres (varies).

energy they capture yearly to bear fruit and food - earlier than the annual can and for much later after the harvest.

CHESTNUT

Vertical Layers: 1) Emerging 2) Canopy 3) Understory 4) Shrub 5) Groundcover 6) Vine

AUG

MAY

The design of agREculture is heavily based on the principles of permaculture as described in Restoration Agriculture by Mark Shepard. At it’s core, permaculture means permanent-agriculture (perennials) rather than the annual agricuture heavily practiced in the United States. Design includes: SELECT PERENNIAL FOOD CROPS AND SELECT ANIMAL SPECIES AND ORGANIZE PERMACULTURE DESIGN LOCATE WINDBREAKS THROUGHOUT JUN

JUL

5.

GRIMES

- Mimmicking 2 . Ecological Systems - Manual Labor over Automated Labor

THEplantings SITE’S TOPOGRAPHY A DITCH/SWALE AT THE KEYLINE GRADE SWALES TO DISTRIBUTE WATER TO Understand the mineral composition of the soil and whichUNDERSTAND Linear of trees or shrubs to mitigateCREATE the effects and Domesticated animals aid in the management of perennial WHERE (INFLECTION OF THE SLOPE RIDGES ANDand COLLECT IN SURFACE PONDS food-producing plants thrive in that type of soil. ChooseAND a IDENTIFY damage of theWATER wind toFLOWS protect crops and buildings, create POINT)polyculture systems with weed and pest control, variety of sun-loving and shade-tolerant crops that can be shade and shelter for livestock, and create attractive visual fertilization - select animals for a leader-follower, planted in multi-story layers paralelling the swale patterns. barriers from the surroundings. mob-stocked, silvopasture grazing system.

David Holmgren

- Perennial Woody Tree Crop Systems - isMimmicking Ecological Systems The inflection point of the slope where the minimum amount When rainfall surpasses the 1” per hour the soil can absorb, a of soil needs to be moved to intercept a maximum amount of swale graded 1% down to the ridges will distribute water and - Agroforestry Techniques - anManual Labor over Automated water. Dig the swale and build earthen mound downslope. collect in ephemeralLabor ponds to hold water and soak in slowly.

GRIMES - Grazing as Natural Land Management

During a rainfall event, water will take the shortest path to move downhill - this often leaves ridges dry while water collects in valleys before becoming runoff.

CREATING A SITE PLAN FROM SCRATCH

balancedearthfarm.com permaculturenews.org

JAN

DESIGN IDENTIFY THE BIOME OF YOUR 1 .PERMACULTURE CROPPING STRATEGIES PERMACULTURE FARM SITE

The surface area of a field The energy captured from the NOV FEB Informed by particular patterns and arrangements of trees, capturesFLOWERING solar energy and sun and photosynthesized is Annual / Perennial PLANTS: Annual / Perennial shrubs, and grasses, and the species of plants which live nutrients/mass gained from first converted to plant growth there. Also defined by the particular successional pathway OCT MAR Mulberry Trees Lilies the atmosphere. and then to production of food.

Asters that occurs in the region.

Onions Marigolds Astilbe Parsnips Morning Glories Bee Balm SEP APR Peach Trees Pansies Black-eyed Susans In annual agriculture, Chestnut Tree - 60 FTeach CORN Pear Trees Peonies Butterfly Bush In annual plant must its surpasses entire the 1” per hour the soil can absorb, a During a rainfall event, wateragriculture, will take thea shortest path to The inflection point of the slope is where the minimum amount Whenbuild rainfall Peas Phlox one-acre field monocropped physicalswale structure move downhill - this oftenColumbine leavesis ridges dry while water ofAUG soil needs to be moved to intercept aMAY maximum amount of gradedbefore 1% down to the ridges will distribute water and Pecan Trees Rhododendrons Cone Flowers with becoming a consistent height crop. fruit food, year ponds after to hold water and soak in slowly. collects in valleys before runoff. water. Dig the swale and build an earthen mound downslope.bearing collect inFTephemeral Apple Tree - 30or Pine Nut Trees Salvia JUN JUL Crocuses Surface Area - 1 acre year, and once harvested GRIMES Plum Trees Sedum Daffodils leaves an open field and Potatoes Shasta Daisies Delphiniums vulnerable earth Hazelnut Tree - 15 FT Pumpkins Snake Plants DEC JAN Gladiolus SELECT PERENNIAL FOOD CROPS AND In Perennial Woody Cropping Radishes Sunflowers Hibiscus NOV FEB System various crops are FROM SCRATCH LAYOUT PLANTING PATTERNS RaspberryCREATING Bushes A SITE PLAN Tulips Hostas planted in vertical layers and Rosemary Shrub Veronica Understand the mineral composition of the soil and which Hyacinth Tomatoes - 5-10 FT IDENTIFY THEmaximize BIOME OFarea YOUR OPTIMIZE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN the exposed to In Perennial Woody Cropping Rutabagas Wisteria SITE BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTUREfood-producing plants thrive in that type of soil. Choose a Hydrangeas OCT MAR the sunFARM and Also PERMACULTURE SITE LAND + WATER WITH A SWALE SYSTEM System trees and shrubs build Sage Yarrow Irisesatmosphere. variety of sun-loving and shade-tolerant crops that can be forLavender shade-loving plants their physicalThestructure onlythe earth-water relationship reveals where Serviceberry Trees by particularallows Informed patterns and arrangements of trees, ZinniasMaximize the water storage capacity of the soil by designing pattern of Asparagus - 3 FT to thrive.

Surface Area -which 3+ live once and then mayand useanimal the access lanes should be located around it, planted in multi-story layers paralelling the swale patterns.

Spinach shrubs, and grasses, and roads, the species of plants Lilacs SEP an accurately measured series of swales and APRberms to capture (varies). successional pathway capturefences yearlygo, to where the pattern of grazing will follow, and Strawberrythere.

VinesAlso defined byacres the particular rainfall and spreadCHESTNUT it out evenly. Include Riparian zones energy along they where bear fruit andhow food - earlier such as buildings will be arranged.

Sweet Potatoes Grapevinesponges. infrastructure that occurs in the region. the edges of bodies of water as biological Mixed Grasses MAY Vertical Layers: 1) Emerging than the annual can and for Thyme AUG Tomatoes 2) Canopy 3) Understory 4) much later after the harvest.

JUN JULFORAGE Turnips Shrub 5) Groundcover 6) Vine Walnut Trees permaculturenews.org GRIMES Watermelon David Holmgren

PERMACULTURE DESIGN

an accurately measured series of swales and berms toDEC capture

“First Bite” Theory - Most nutritious forage Calves - Milk Herd - Dry Cows

2. PIGS

APR

CORN AUG JUL

JUN

DEC

JAN

InLinear Perennial WoodyofCropping plantings trees or shrubs to mitigate the effects and NOV System damagevarious of thecrops wind are to protect crops and buildings, create planted in vertical and shade and shelterlayers for livestock, and create attractive visual maximize the area to barriers from the exposed surroundings.

OCT the sun and atmosphere. Also allows for shade-loving plants to thrive. Surface Area - 3+ SEP acres (varies).

CHESTNUT Vertical Layers: 1) Emerging 2) Canopy 3) Understory 4) Shrub 5) Groundcover 6) Vine

balancedearthfarm.com

CULTIVATION DESIGN Cumberland County, PA is Plant Hardiness Zone: 6b-7a

FOOD PLANTS:

permaculturenews.org

Annual / Perennial

permaculturenews.org

FLOWERING PLANTS:

Annual / Perennial

permaculturenews.org

Mulberry Trees Lilies Apple Trees Asters permaculturenews.org 3. TURKEYS Onions Marigolds Arugula Astilbe Morning Glories Parsnips Two turkeys per adult pig Unlimites in portable coop Asparagus Bee Balm Peach Trees Pansies Beans Black-eyed Susans Chestnut Tree - 60 FT Eat seeds and insects Will scratch for what is left Pear Trees Peonies Beets Butterfly Bush 4. SHEEP / GEESE One flock managed each summer may need supplumental feed Peas Phlox Bell Peppers Columbine OnePecan per adult Trees pig Rhododendrons Blackberry Bushes Cone Flowers Apple Tree - 30 FT Eat Pine broadleaf “weeds” left uneaten Crocuses Nut Trees Salvia Blueberry Bushes David Holmgren Plum Trees Sedum Broccoli Daffodils Potatoes Shasta Daisies Brussel Sprouts Delphiniums During a rainfall event, water will take the shortest pathCabbage to The inflection pointPumpkins of the slope is where the minimumGladiolus amount When rainfall surpasses a Tree - 15 FT Snake Plants the 1” per hour the soil can absorb,Hazelnut move downhill - this often leaves ridges dry while water moved to intercept a maximum amount swale gradedSunflowers 1% down to the ridges will distribute water and Cantaloupesof soil needs to beRadishes Hibiscusof Raspberry Bushes Tulips ponds to hold water and soak in slowly. collects in valleys before becoming runoff. and build an earthen mound downslope. collect in ephemeral Carrots water. Dig the swale Hostas Rosemary Shrub Veronica Celery Hyacinth Tomatoes - 5-10 FT GRIMES Rutabagas Wisteria Cherry Trees Hydrangeas Sage Yarrow Chestnut Trees Irises GRIMES Serviceberry Trees Zinnias Chives Lavender Asparagus - 3 FT Spinach Corn Lilacs Strawberry Vines Cucumbers CREATING A SITE PLAN FROM SCRATCH Sweet Potatoes Grapevine Edamame Mixed Grasses Thyme Eggplants IDENTIFY THE BIOME OF YOUR OPTIMIZE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Tomatoes Fig Trees FORAGE Turnips WITH A SWALE SYSTEM Garlic PERMACULTURE FARM SITE LAND + WATER Walnut Trees Goji Berry Informed by particular patterns and arrangements of trees,Grape Vines Maximize the water storage capacity of the soil by designing The pattern of the earth-water relationship reveals where Watermelon shrubs, and grasses, and the species of plants which live Hazelnut Trees an accurately measured series of swales and berms to capture roads, and animal access lanes should be located around it, there. Also defined by the particular successional pathway Hickory Treesrainfall and spread it out evenly. Include Riparian zones along where fences go, where the pattern of grazing will follow, and Lettuce the edges of bodies of water as biological sponges. that occurs in the region. how infrastructure such as buildings will be arranged.

PERMACULTURE DESIGN

SILVOPASTUREtoLEADER-FOLLOWER SYSTEM Forage quantities for the site were evaluated calculate the GRAZING maximum capacity of animals the land could feed sustainably. The overall

CATTLE weight capacity was then divided into duplicatable “herd units” with the proper ratio of1. each leader-follower grazing animal.

CANOPY LAYER

SHRUB LAYER

3.

UNDERSTORY LAYER

2.

GROUNDCOVER LAYER

1.

VINE LAYER

“herd unit” - 3,000 lbs of animal

2,400 lbs food / acre 3 acre paddocks x 16 4% animal weight / day SITE BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE 60,000 lbs livestock (20) Herd Units

EMERGING LAYER

5. CHICKENS

PERMACULTURE DESIGN

In annual agriculture, each plant must build its entire physical structure before permaculturenews.org bearing fruit or food, year after and once harvested SELECT ANIMALyear, SPECIES AND ORGANIZE leaves an open field and ROTATIONAL GRAZING PATTERNS vulnerable earth MAY

6.

Domesticated animals aid in the management of perennial FEB polyculture systems with weed and pest control, and fertilization - select animals for a leader-follower, In Perennial Woody Cropping mob-stocked,MARsilvopasture grazing system.

System trees and shrubs build their physical structure only once and then may use the energy they capture yearly to bear fruit and food - earlier than the annual can and for much later after the harvest.

APR

AUG

MAY

permaculturenews.org JUL

JUN

balancedearthfarm.com

GRIMES

CULTIVATION DESIGN

GRIMES

Pear Trees Beets Peas Bell Peppers Pecan Trees Blackberry Bushes Pine Nut Trees Blueberry Bushes Plum Trees Broccoli Potatoes Brussel Sprouts Pumpkins Cabbage GRIMES Radishes Cantaloupes Raspberry Bushes Carrots Rosemary Shrub Celery Rutabagas Cherry Trees Sage Chestnut Trees Serviceberry Trees Chives permaculturenews.org Spinach Corn Strawberry Vines Cucumbers Sweet Potatoes Edamame Thyme Eggplants Tomatoes Fig Trees Turnips Garlic Walnut Trees Goji Berry Watermelon Grape Vines Hazelnut Trees Hickory Trees During aLettuce rainfall event, water will take the shortest path to move downhill - this often leaves ridges dry while water collects in valleys before becoming runoff.

Butterfly Bush Columbine Cone Flowers Crocuses Daffodils Delphiniums Gladiolus Hibiscus Hostas Hyacinth Hydrangeas Irises Lavender Lilacs

SWALES TO DISTRIBUTE WATER TO 3 . GRADE RIDGES AND COLLECT IN SURFACE PONDS Chestnut Tree - 60 FT

Peonies Phlox Rhododendrons Salvia Sedum Shasta Daisies Snake Plants Sunflowers Tulips Veronica Wisteria Yarrow Zinnias

Apple Tree - 30 FT

visitors gathered in the education building

Two mature pigs per adult cow Encouraged to Graze, not Root permaculturenews.org Clean up fruit and nut drop

permaculturenews.org

first converted to plant growth and then to production of food.

MAR

SEP

In annual agriculture, a one-acre field is monocropped with a consistent height crop.

Surface Area - 1 acre

PERMACULTURE DESIGN SELECT PERENNIAL FOOD CROPS AND visitors in the bank barn-data hub ANIMAL SPECIES AND ORGANIZE WATER MANAGEMENT - KEYLINE PLANNING 4 . LAYOUT PLANTING PATTERNS 5 . LOCATE WINDBREAKS THROUGHOUT 6 . SELECT ROTATIONAL GRAZING PATTERNS guestsFLOWERING in the PLANTS: commonAnnualroom FOOD PLANTS: Annual /overnight Perennial / Perennial PERMACULTURE DESIGNUnderstand PERMACULTURE DESIGN the mineral composition of the soil and which Linear plantings of trees or shrubs to mitigate the effects and Domesticated animals aid in the management of perennial THE SITE’S TOPOGRAPHY A DITCH/SWALE AT THE KEYLINE SWALES TO DISTRIBUTE WATER TO LEADER-FOLLOWER GRAZING SYSTEM WATER Apple MANAGEMENT - KEYLINE PLANNING Mulberry Trees Lilies Trees Asters 1SILVOPASTURE . UNDERSTAND . CREATE 3 . GRADE food-producing plants2thrive in that type of soil. Choose a damage of the wind to protect crops and buildings, create polyculture systems with weed and pest control, and AND IDENTIFY WHERE WATER FLOWS (INFLECTION POINT) OF THE SLOPE RIDGES AND COLLECT IN SURFACE PONDS Onions Marigolds Arugula Astilbe variety of sun-loving and shade-tolerant crops that can be shade and shelter for livestock, and create attractive visual fertilization - select animals for a leader-follower, 1. CATTLE THE SITE’S Parsnips TOPOGRAPHY THE Glories KEYLINE Morning Asparagus Bee BalmA DITCH/SWALE AT planted in multi-story layers paralelling the swale patterns. barriers from the surroundings. mob-stocked, silvopasture grazing system.

1 . UNDERSTAND 2 . CREATE One cow-calf pair Peach Trees Pansies Beans Black-eyed Susans AND IDENTIFY WHERE WATER FLOWS (INFLECTION POINT) OF THE SLOPE Two mature goats per adult cow Will eat anything Prone to escaping

The pattern of the earth-water relationship PRODUCTION CYCLESreveals where roads, and animal access lanes should be located around it, from FEB where fences go, where The the energy patterncaptured of grazing willthefollow, and and photosynthesized is how infrastructure such sun as buildings will be arranged.

Cumberland County, PA is Plant Hardiness Zone: 6b-7a

GRIMES

6. GOATS

JAN

The surface of a itfield NOV rainfall andarea spread out evenly. Include Riparian zones along captures solar energy of andwater as biological sponges. the edges of bodies nutrients/mass gained from OCT the atmosphere.

children gathered in the information court

PERMACULTURE

CANOPY LAYER

EMERGING LAYER

permaculturenews.org

3 . SITE BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE

residential courtyard plantings

3.

SHRUB LAYER

2.

UNDERSTORY LAYER

1.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 . OPTIMIZE LAND + WATER WITH A SWALE SYSTEM MaximizeAREA the water storage capacity of the soil by designing SURFACE

approaching the farm from W Pine Rd 5 . LOCATE WINDBREAKS THROUGHOUT

4.

VINE LAYER

Apple Trees Arugula Asparagus Beans Beets Bell Peppers Blackberry Bushes Blueberry Bushes Broccoli Brussel Sprouts Cabbage Cantaloupes Carrots Celery Cherry Trees Chestnut Trees Chives Corn Cucumbers Edamame Eggplants Fig Trees Garlic Goji Berry Grape Vines Hazelnut Trees Hickory Trees Lettuce

GROUNDCOVER LAYER

FOOD PLANTS:

ANNUAL AGRICULTURE

permaculturenews.org

Hazelnut Tree - 15 FT

Tomatoes - 5-10 FT permaculturenews.org

permaculturenews.org

Grapevine Mixed Grasses FORAGE

children gathered in thethe information court approaching farm from W Pine Rd

PERMACULTURE DESIGN

permaculturenews.org

Asparagus - 3 FT

The inflection point of the slope is where the minimum amount of soil needs to be moved to intercept a maximum amount of water. Dig the swale and build an earthen mound downslope.

CREATING A SITE PLAN FROM SCRATCH

GOATSOF YOUR IDENTIFY THE6.BIOME

Two mature goats per adult cow 1 . PERMACULTURE Will eatFARM anythingSITE to escaping Informed by particularProne patterns and arrangements of trees, GRIMES shrubs, and grasses, and the species of plants which live there. Also defined by the particular successional pathway that occurs in the region.

David Holmgren

When rainfall surpasses the 1” per hour the soil can absorb, a GRIMES swale graded 1% down to the ridges will distribute water and collect in ephemeral ponds to hold water and soak in slowly.

GRIMES

SILVOPASTURE LEADER-FOLLOWER GRAZING SYSTEM

PERMACULTURE DESIGN

CANOPY LAYER

DEC

permaculturenews.org

EMERGING LAYER

PRODUCTION CYCLES

permaculturenews.org

SHRUB LAYER

SURFACE AREA

GRIMES

UNDERSTORY LAYER

permaculturenews.org

Cumberland County, PA is Plant Hardiness Zone: 6b-7a

ANNUAL AGRICULTURE

PERMACULTURE SOLUTIONS

3.

VINE LAYER

permaculturenews.org

CULTIVATION DESIGN

PERMACULTURE

The design of agREculture is heavily based on the principles of permaculture as described in Restoration Agriculture by Mark Shepard.

At it’s core,bank permaculture means visitors in the barn-data hubpermanent-agriculture (perennials) rather than the overnight guests in the room annual agricuture heavily practiced in thecommon United States.

Design includes:

PERMACULTURE DESIGN

PERMACULTURE DESIGN CROPPING STRATEGIES

permaculturenews.org

permaculturenews.org

6 . ROTATIONAL GRAZING PATTERNS

WATER MANAGEMENT - KEYLINE PLANNING

- Perennial Woody Tree Crop 1 . Systems - Agroforestry Techniques - Grazing as Natural Land Management

permaculturenews.org

permaculturenews.org

permaculturenews.org

4 . LAYOUT PLANTING PATTERNS

permaculture

GROUNDCOVER LAYER

permaculture

1. CATTLE One cow-calf pair “First Bite” Theory - Most nutritious forage Calves - Milk Herd - Dry Cows

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Julia Grimes I Thesis BUILDINGS AND2018-2019 INFRASTRUCTURE 2. PIGS 2 . OPTIMIZE 3 . SITE LAND + WATER WITH A SWALE SYSTEM Maximize the water storage capacity of the soil by designing an accurately measured series of swales and berms to capture rainfall and spread it out evenly. Include Riparian zones along the edges of bodies of water as biological sponges.

Two mature pigs per adult cow

The pattern of thetoearth-water relationship reveals where Encouraged Graze, not Root roads,Clean and animal up fruitaccess and nutlanes drop should be located around it, where fences go, where the pattern of grazing will follow, and how infrastructure such as buildings will be arranged.

DESIGN PROCESS

Tandem Milking Parlor: Milking Dairy cattle

Parallel / Herringbone Milking Parlor: Milking Dairy cattle

Understanding Typologies: To appropriately program the site with buildings suited for animal care and shelter it was crucial to understand the typical facilities used in modern, commercial agriculture; with confinement agriculture being the norm, large scale facilities were examined. agREculture: rural farming x public life

Rotary Milking Parlor: Milking Dairy cattle

Dairy Freestall Barn: Resting space for cattle

DESIGN PROCESS

Poultry Barn and Chicken Coop: Rows of cages (above) and nesting and roosting spaces (right)

Swine Barn: Rows of farrowing pens and some communal pens for pigs and hogs

Tracking Water: To properly design landscape systems itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s crucial to understand the pattern of major and minor ridges and waterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural flow downhill to intervene with keyline swales.

Julia Grimes I Thesis 2018-2019

MID-YEAR REVIEW

Site Layout and Building Mass: The research and analysis of current farming practices and ideal permaculture practices will dictate the arrangement of buildings on site. Priorities are to hold the corner of Pine Rd and Dickinson School Rd with a public presence, maintain privacy for permanent residents of the farm, optimize efficiency and relationships between buildings, and keep animals safe by minimizing movement across public ways. agREculture: rural farming x public life

REVIEW FEEDBACK MID-REVIEW REFLECTIONS MID-REVIEW REFLECTIONS

1 . IN THE SERVICE OF FARMING 2 . FUNCTION ON THE DATA HUB THEarchitecture EXISTING ofBANK BARN CENTER THE bePROGRAM Don’t KEEP alter the the Historic The Data Hub should the center ofAND the 1Bank. INBarn 2 .

THE FARMING FUNCTION ONwhere THE several DATA users’ HUB to fit SERVICE an infilled OF program like a site as the location

KEEP THE EXISTING BANK BARN

CENTER THE PROGRAM AND

3 . FROM SEVERAL POINTS OF VIEW 4 . CULTURE AND CULTIVATION STRENGTHEN THE between NARRATIVE OF the paths crossed the Dive NURTURE deeper into THE the RELATIONSHIP relationships forged 3Exhibit .

4 .

FROM POINTS OF ofVIEW CULTUREand inAND CULTIVATION farmers, the SEVERAL students, the residents the from farming communities centered

STRENGTHEN

THE

NARRATIVE

NURTURE THE RELATIONSHIP OF

restaurant adapt ofit the to Historic fit the Don’t alter -theinstead architecture proposed farming practices.

Bank Barn sustainable to fit an infilled program like a restaurant - instead adapt it to fit the proposed sustainable farming practices.

pathsData cross as be thethenucleus the The Huband should center ofof the proposed farming practices. site as thesustainable location where several users’ paths cross and as the nucleus of the proposed sustainable farming practices.

community, out-of-town Exhibit the paths crossed visitors, between farm the animals, theandstudents, the the natural ecosystem. farmers, residents of the community, out-of-town visitors, farm animals, and the natural ecosystem.

arounddeeper agriculture that relationships have since been lost Dive into the forged in modern - see Thecentered Grange from farmingfarming and in life communities around agriculture that have since been lost in modern farming life - see The Grange

5 . SHAPE PART OF THE SITE 6 . ALONG THE RURAL EDGE ALLOW THE COMMUNITY TO SMALL VILLAGE ACRICULTURE Include connections to recreation networks Pay close attention to the zone between rural 5and. anSHAPE 6 .

PART OF THE SITE ALONGand the THEsurrounding RURAL suburban EDGE amenity the community may access agriculture

ALLOW THE COMMUNITY TO

SMALL VILLAGE ACRICULTURE

7 . SEASONAL NATURE OF AGRICULTURE 8 . ARCHITECTURE OF FARMING HIGHLIGHT THE TEMPORAL AND ANALYZE THE TECTONICS AND successful community fixture the farm Understand the history, and assembly of 7Tomustbe. aSEASONAL 8 .

NATURE OF AGRICULTURE ARCHITECTURE OF FARMING be alive and thriving year-round. farm buildings, and their impact on culture

HIGHLIGHT THE TEMPORAL AND

ANALYZE THE TECTONICS AND

for free connections - create a gathering placenetworks that the Include to recreation public may infill based on their and an amenity the community may needs. access

neighborhoods - sieze for Pay close attention to thethe zoneopportunity between rural small-scale cultivation supported by a farm. agriculture and the surrounding suburban

Showcase the rituals of farming andfarm the To be a successful community fixture the adaptability of program each and every year. must be alive and thriving year-round.

and animals.the Extract the architectural Understand history, and assemblytools of that are in service of the onnarrative. farm buildings, and their impact culture

for free - create a gathering place that the public may infill based on their needs.

neighborhoods - sieze the opportunity for small-scale cultivation supported by a farm.

Showcase the rituals of farming and the adaptability of program each and every year.

and animals. Extract the architectural tools that are in service of the narrative.

GRIMES GRIMES

Julia Grimes I Thesis 2018-2019

DESIGN PROCESS

Indoor-Outdoor Relationship: Maximizing access to light and air to optimize passive environmental systems and occupant engagement with the exterior.

Site Plan: Balancing the size and location of the built environment with the new arrangement of the living and active ecosystems. agREculture: rural farming x public life

DESIGN PROCESS

Personal Connection: The experiences I have had and memories I have made on the Wiles Dairy Farm owned and operated by my family shaped my relationship and perception of agriculture and community based on food and rituals. Julia Grimes I Thesis 2018-2019

TECHNICAL REVIEW Structural Systems:

Mechanical Systems: Passive Ventilation

Continuous Ridge Opening

Continuous 4’ high Adjustable Sidewall Opening

Continuous Sidewall Opening (At Top)

Adjustable Endwall Openings

Wood/Timber: Suited for indoor use with human-centered buildings; locally abundant material.

certification and create Petal Certified buildings based on the Living Building Challenge.

Overall Site: Building SF:

164 Acres 40,251 SF

Metal/Steel: Suited to withstand the wear-and-tear of animal agriculture; light and allows for flexibility. agREculture: rural farming x public life

LBC - Transect L2 - Rural Ag Zone = FAR of 0.09

ENERGY

WATER

WASTE

NET POSITIVE WATER

NET POSITIVE ENERGY

NET POSITIVE WASTE

- 100% of site’s water usage must be supplied by captured

- 105% of the site’s energy needs must be supplied by on-site renewable energy on an annual basis

- Eliminate waste during design process

- All stormwater, greywater, and blackwater must be treated and released on-site

- Must provide on-site energy storage for resilience

- Feature at least 1 salvaged material per 500 SQ Meters of project area - Create dedicated infrastructure for recyclables and compostable food scraps

TECHNICAL REVIEW BUILDING MATERIALS CONCRETE

STEEL

WOOD

METAL

STONE

BRICK

CONCRETE

GLAZING

POLYCARBONATE

6x6 TIMBER POST, TYP.

TH COLUMNS SPAN 15-35 FT

- BEAMS SPAN UP TO 60 FT

mal slab depth nd fire-resistant

- WEB JOISTS SPAN UP TO 90 FT

2x4 WOOD BRACING, TYP.

- High strength allows for more compact component sizes - Highly durable and fire-resistant

- Durable and pliable

- High durability

- High thermal insulation properties

- Varying types and thicknesses

to build / install

1/4" MULTIWALL POLYCARBONATE PANEL

ECONOMICS

10' - 0"

- Absorbs water and must be sealed and maintained

- High Compressive strength and durability - Effectively fireproof with high thermal insulation properties - Mortar joint requires maintenance

- High Compressive strength and durability - Effectively fireproof with high thermal insulation properties

- Sheet metal wall costs between $4/SF and $15/SF

- Ease of installation

- Ease of installation

- Stone wall will cost between $20/SF and $30/SF

- Superior Visual clarity

- Labor-intensive to build / install

- Brick wall will cost between $6.45/SF and $12.65/SF

- Depending on location, may be

- Labor-intensive to build / install

- Effectively fireproof

- Brittle and succeptible to damage

- Varying thicknesses depending on

- Poor thermal insulation properties - Succeptible to cracking that will allow water and the elements in

- Poured concrete can cost between $5/SF and $7/SF - Concrete block costs between $10/SF and $18/SF

- Can be made into structural blocks

- As a facade, can cost between $25/SF and $39/SF - Specialized labor to be formed, cut, and installed

- Labor-intensive to build / install

- Used in concert with wood trusses in animal agriculture buildings to withstand the exposure to animal waste

s that may be adapted over time

ative environmental impact - Relatively local material to Pennsylvania

- Natural charm, warmth, and beauty

impression of “factory-like” - Can be 100% recyclable and used as a demonstration

- Can be purchased locally in hardware stores as 48” x 96” sheets - Ranges from $2.70/SF to $22.13/SF depending on thickness - Can be cut and formed on site so it requires no specialized labor

- Material existing in Historic barn honor an existing tradition

- The region is widely known for brick buildings and barns

- Significant negative environmental impacts to obtain materials - Can be formed to fit various aesthetic

honor an existing tradition

- Can withstand damage that may come from the elements, large animals and equipment

- Allows for light penetration without - Allows for abundant light and viewsheds for people - Can be 100% recyclable and serve as a demonstration

or “back-of-house” areas - Can withstand damage that may come from the elements, large animals and equipment

0' - 6"

CONCRETE FOOTING

Lightweight and durable High impact-resistance Heat and flammability resistence Can be thermoformed into various curves and shapes - High thermal insulation properties

2' - 6"

6" GRAVEL FLOORING

- Traditionally used in agriculture applications

- Widely available and used regionally cared for can rust

-

- Widely used and a familiar material

- Highly versatile material - Locally abundant material (highly sustainable)

- High-performing thermoplastic - Can be single-wall or multi-wall to

- Heavy and requires specific framing

- Can be used to create various shapes - Mortar joint requires maintenance

- Wood-cladding wall costs between $5/SF and $9/SF

- High Compressive strength and durability

GREENHOUSE 1/2" = 1'-0"

Julia Grimes I Thesis 2018-2019

FINAL DESIGN With rural America in economic crisis and a population increasingly disconnected from food systems, agREculture explores the intersection of rural farming and public life. This 164-acre farm in the Cumberland Valley of Pennsylvania investigates a new type of farming, and the opportunity for architecture to influence the public perception of agriculture. The pursuit of rebuilding thriving rural life begins at the farm and at the dinner table where community is built around responsible food.

Ecological Zones agREculture: rural farming x public life

Keyline Swale System

FINAL DESIGN

Residential Courtyard

Information Courtyard

Utility Courtyard

Recreation Courtyard

Julia Grimes I Thesis 2018-2019

utility courtyard

30' - 0"

education building

at the intersection of Pine Rd and Dickinson School Rd to serve as a landmark. With a standard sized classroom that opens to the common space and an outdoor patio as well as a teaching laboratory,The arrival zone for those the opportnities to learn here are endless and can reach from thewho live and work on the farm would be this zone classroom out to the farm itself. which utilizes existing 1,800 SF entry ways and combines

access to the historic buildings with that of a new equipment building and anial shelter.

A central tenant of the farm is to encourage continues learning and discovery about agriculture and the natural world which is 1,800 SF ever-evolving. The anchor of the site, the education building, sits A central tenant of the farm is to encourage continues learning at the intersection of Pine Rd and Dickinson School Rd to serve and discovery about agriculture and the natural world which is as a landmark. With a standard sized classroom that opens to the ever-evolving. The anchor of the site, the education building, sits common space and an outdoor patio as well as a teaching laboratory, at the intersection of Pine Rd and Dickinson School Rd to serve the opportnities to learn here are endless and can reach from the as a landmark. With a standard sized classroom that opens to the classroom out to the farm itself. common space and an outdoor patio as well as a teaching laboratory, the opportnities to learn here are endless and can reach from the classroom out to the farm itself.

education building

40' - 0"

30' - 0"

36' - 0"

FINAL DESIGN

24' - 0"

30' - 0"

30' - 0"

30' - 0"

education building

144' - 0"

40' - 0"

30' - 0"

36' - 0"

24' - 0"

milking parlour

2,500 SF

Without the time constraints of a large dairy operation, the milking parlour is able to be single-sided, and opened up to public viewing.

The new sightlines continue the mission of educating visitors about livestock and animal husbandry practices, while remaining practical.

30' - 0"

40' - 0"

30' - 0"

30' - 0"

40' - 0"

30' - 0"

144' - 0"

30' - 0" 36' - 0"

animal shelter

24' - 0"

5,200 SF 36' - 0"

With the practices of silvopasture greatly reducing animal stress and the need for constant specialized shelter, the farm is absent typical livestock housing facilities. However, it is crucial that in the 2,500 SF case of extreme weather, there be a safe place for each animal on the farm to restthecomfortably in anyofseason.

Without time constraints a large dairy operation, the milking parlour is able to be single-sided, and opened up to public viewing.

The new sightlines continue the mission of educating visitors about livestock and animal husbandry practices, while remaining practical.

24' - 0"

milking parlour

144' - 0"

144' - 0"

30' - 0"

40' - 0"

30' - 0"

secondary residence

animal shelter 30' - 0"

2,500 SFgreatly reducing animal stress With the practices of silvopasture thedairy needoperation, for constant Without the time constraints ofand a large the specialized milking shelter, the farm is absent typical livestock housing facilities.

2,500itSFis crucial that in the parlour is able to be single-sided, and opened up to public viewing.However, of extreme be a safe place for each animal on The new sightlines continue case the mission of weather, educatingthere visitors Without the time constraints a large dairy operation, the milking the farmpractices, toofrest comfortably in any season. about livestock and animal husbandry while remaining parlour is able to be single-sided, and opened up to public viewing. practical.

The new sightlines continue the mission of educating visitors about livestock and animal husbandry practices, while remaining 5,200 SF practical.

25' - 0"

24' - 0"

milking parlour

secondary residence

2,100 SF 4,200 SF To accommodate an extended farm family or long-term farm hands, Usingare a popular typology, the dormitory boasts secondary residences built offequestrian of a shareddesign driveway.

Modest 6 2-bed rooms overnight guests with and visitors cape-cod style designs allow for 3forbed/2 bath homes privacy,to the farm. With location, and large common andividuality, but the alsocentral the element of communal living. room taking advantage of views to the south fiels, the dormitory can experience full indoor/ outdoor living 4,200 SF

30' - 0"

25' - 0"

animal shelter

7' - 9"

UP

With the practices of silvopasture greatly reducing animal stress SF and the need5,200 for constant specialized shelter, the farm is absent typical livestock housing facilities. However, it is crucial that in the With the practices of silvopasture greatly reducing animal stress case of extreme weather, there be a safe place for each animal on and the need for constant specialized shelter, the farm is absent the farm to rest comfortably in any season. typical livestock housing facilities. However, it is crucial that in the case of extreme weather, there be a safe place for each animal on the farm to rest comfortably in any season.

7' - 9"

Using a popular equestrian design typology, the dormitory boasts 6 2-bed rooms for overnight guests and visitors to the farm. With the central location, and large common room taking advantage of 2,500 SF views to the south fiels, the dormitory can experience full indoor/ 2,100 SF Without outdoor livingthe time constraints of a large dairy operation, the milking parlour is able to be single-sided, and opened up to public To accommodate an extended farm family orviewing. long-term farm hands, The new sightlines continue the mission educating visitors secondary residences are builtof off of a shared driveway. Modest about livestockcape-cod and animal practices, while remaining stylehusbandry designs allow for 3 bed/2 bath homes with privacy, practical. andividuality, but also the element of communal living.

milking parlour secondary residence

30' - 0"

25' - 0"

UP

7' - 9"

5,200 SF

8' - 10"

20' - 10"

4,200 SF

animal shelterdormitory

Using a popular equestrian design typology, the dormitory boasts With the practices of silvopasture greatly reducing animal stress 6 2-bed rooms for overnight guests and visitors to the farm. With and the need for constant specialized shelter, the farm is absent the central location, and large common room taking advantage of typical livestock housing facilities. However, it is crucial that in the views to the south fiels, the dormitory can experience full indoor/ case of extreme weather, there be a safe place for each animal on outdoor living the farm to rest comfortably in any season.

secondary residence 30' - 0"

25' - 0"

UP

7' - 9"

2,100 SF

To accommodate an extended farm family or long-term farm hands, secondary residences are built off of a shared driveway. Modest cape-cod style designs allow for 3 bed/2 bath homes with privacy, andividuality, but also the element of communal living.

4,200 SF

agREculture: rural farming x public life

dormitory

dormitory

animal shelter

CHICKEN COOP #1 160 SF 80 BIRDS

2,100 SF

To accommodate an extended farm family or long-term farm hands, secondary residences are built off of a shared driveway. Modest cape-cod style designs allow for 3 bed/2 bath homes with privacy, andividuality, but also the element of communal living.

UP

36' - 0"

milking parlour

5,200 SF

1,800 SF

A central tenant of the farm is to encourage continues learning and discovery about agriculture and the natural world which is ever-evolving. The anchor of the site, the education building, sits at the intersection of Pine Rd and Dickinson School Rd to serve as a landmark. With a standard sized classroom that opens to the common space and an outdoor patio as well as a teaching laboratory, the opportnities to learn here are endless and can reach from the classroom out to the farm itself.

30' - 0"

residential courtyard

dormitory

Using a popular equestrian design typology, the dormitory boasts 6 2-bed rooms for overnight guests and visitors to the farm. With the central location, and large common room taking advantage of views to the south fiels, the dormitory canspace experience To bridge the betweenfull indoor/ outdoor living the main farmhouse and the secondary residences, residential two a courtyard is created to private planting beds courtyard allow to serve as a noise and barrier, and private To bridge the space visual between the main farmhouserecreation and the space two secondary residences,

144' - 0"

courtyard courtyard To bridge the space between

than being wrapped in metal, the greenhouse is wrapped in multiwall polycarbonate sheeting and site on a gravel base.

mainthe farmhouse and the Tothe bridge space between secondary residences, thetwo main farmhouse and the a courtyard created to two secondary isresidences, privateis planting a allow courtyard created beds to to serve a noisebeds and allow privateasplanting and private tovisual servebarrier, as a noise and recreation space visual barrier, and private

20' - 0"

40' - 0"

recreation space

utility courtyard utility courtyard

FINAL DESIGN

The arrival zone for those who live and work on the The arrival zone for those farm would be this zone who live and work on the which utilizes existing farm would be this zone entry ways and combines which utilizes existing access to the historic entry ways and combines buildings with that of a access to the historic new equipment building buildings with that of a and anial shelter. new equipment building and anial shelter.

bank barn + information courtyard

30' - 0"

The information courtyard provides some hardscape driving surface mixed with primarily gravel to become flexible overflow space for any classes or learning events at the farm.

30' - 0"

leisure courtyard

The 1900 stone fo preserved and reu no longer used fo flexible event spac offices, and house performance of th

1,800 SF education building SF education A central tenantbuilding of the farm is to encourage continues1,800 learning discovery the natural worldlearning which is A and central tenant about of theagriculture farm is to and encourage continues ever-evolving.

The agriculture anchor of theandsite,thethenatural education sits and discovery about worldbuilding, which is at the intersection of Pineof Rd School Rd to serve ever-evolving.

The anchor theand site,Dickinson the education building, sits a standard classroom thatRdopens to the atasthea landmark. intersectionWith of Pine Rd andsized Dickinson School to serve spaceWith and an outdoor patio well as a teaching laboratory, ascommon a landmark. a standard sizedasclassroom that opens to the the opportnities herepatio areasendless can reach from the common space andtoanlearn outdoor well asand a teaching laboratory, out toto the farm theclassroom opportnities learn hereitself. are endless and can reach from the

800 SF

Using the constru than being wrappe wall polycarbonate

classroom out to the farm itself.

40' - 0"

40' - 0"

bank barn + data hub

30' - 0"

30' - 0"

36' - 0" 36' - 0"

24' - 0"

greenhouse

800 SF

24' - 0"

Using the construction typology of a traditional pole-barn, rather than being wrapped in metal, the greenhouse is wrapped in multiwall polycarbonate sheeting and site on a gravel base.

information courtyard

144' - 0"

UP

144' - 0"

DN

bank barn + data hub

restaurant + market buildling

7,500 SF

The 1900 stone foundation barn is an architectural treasure to be preserved and reused appropriately. Although the upper level is no longer used for hay and equipment storage, it can become a flexible event space, while the lower, banked level becomes staff offices, and houses the data server room to collect data about the performance of the farm.

2,500 SF milking parlour 2,500 SF milking Without theparlour time constraints of a large dairy operation, the milking

parlourthe is able be single-sided, anddairy opened up to public viewing.

12,000 SF Without timetoconstraints of a large operation, the milking Thepavilion new sightlines continue the of to educating visitorssales, a dairy and bakery, public parlour is able to be single-sided, andmission opened up public As the primary mercantile building at the farm, the market houses many uses including porch space forviewing. produce about livestock and animal husbandry practices, while remaining Thefullnew sightlines continue the are mission visitors restrooms and gathering space, cooking classroom, and service restaurant.

Guests invitedoftoeducating explore the wrap-around porch and see the farm practical. about livestock and animal while remaining from all angles at it changes throughout the day and throughout the seasons.

Fullyhusbandry accessiblepractices, and promoting indoor/outdoor living, the market pavilion practical. is the hub of public life on the farm.

animal shelter 5,200 shelter With SF the practices of silvopasture greatlyanimal reducing animal stress 5,200 SF

greenhouse

800 SF

Using the construction typology of a traditional pole-barn, rather than being wrapped in metal, the greenhouse is wrapped in multiwall polycarbonate sheeting and site on a gravel base.

andthe thepractices need for of constant specialized theanimal farm isstress absent With silvopasture greatlyshelter, reducing typical livestock housing facilities. is crucial in the and the need for constant specializedHowever, shelter,itthe farm isthat absent case of extremehousing weather, there beHowever, a safe place for eachthat animal typical livestock facilities. it is crucial in theon theoffarm to restweather, comfortably season. case extreme thereinbeany a safe place for each animal on the farm to rest comfortably in any season.

20' - 0"

7,500 SF

The 1900 stone foundation barn is an architectural treasure to be preserved and reused appropriately. Although the upper level is no longer used for hay and equipment storage, it can become a flexible event space, while the lower, banked level becomes staff offices, and houses the data server room to collect data about the performance of the farm.

40' - 0"

The information courtyard provides some hardscape driving surface mixed with primarily gravel to become flexible overflow space for any classes or learning events at the farm.

leisure courtyard Where the recreation trail meets the building sites we have the leisure courtyard - intended to be a curated garden and a free socialization space.

40' - 0"

20' - 0"

30' - 0"

30' - 0"

20' - 0"

Where the recreation trail meets the building sites we have the leisure courtyard - intended to be a curated garden and a free socialization space.

information courtyard The information courtyard provides some hardscape driving surface mixed with primarily gravel to become flexible overflow space for any classes or learning events at the farm.

leisure

Julia Grimes I Thesis 2018-2019

UP

S AND

SWALES TO DISTRIBUTE WATER TO GRIMES 3 . GRADE RIDGES AND COLLECT IN SURFACE PONDS

and which Choose a hat INEcan be e patterns.

3.

visitors in the bank barn-data hub

much later after the harvest.

JUN

JUL

5 . LOCATE WINDBREAKS THROUGHOUT

FINAL DESIGN

Linear plantings of trees or shrubs to mitigate the effects and damage of the wind to protect crops and buildings, create shade and shelter TO for livestock, and create attractive GRADE SWALES DISTRIBUTE WATER TO visual barriers AND from the surroundings.

RIDGES COLLECT IN SURFACE PONDS

permaculturenews.org

ANIMAL SPECIES AND ORGANIZE 6 . SELECT ROTATIONAL GRAZING PATTERNS

visitors in the bank barn-data hubovernight guests in the com

Domesticated animals aid in the management of perennial polyculture systems with weed and pest control, and fertilization - select animals for a leader-follower, mob-stocked, silvopasture grazing system.

permaculturenews.org

permaculturenews.org

permaculturenews.org

balancedearthfarm.com

GRIMES

ne: 6b-7a permaculturenews.org

FLOWERING PLANTS:

nnial

children gathered in the information court

residential courtyard plantings

designing ms to capture ees zones along on s.

3.

3 . SITE BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE The pattern of the earth-water relationship reveals where FORAGE roads, and animal access lanes should be located around it, where fences go, where the pattern of grazing will follow, and how infrastructure such as buildings will be arranged. permaculturenews.org

Data Center

SPECIESxAND ORGANIZE agRESELECT culture:ANIMAL rural farming public life

6 . ROTATIONAL visitors in the bank hub GRAZINGbarn-data PATTERNS

Nects and

Domesticated animals aid in the management of perennial ZING SYSTEM polyculture systems with weed and pest control, and eate permaculturenews.org

Tomatoes - 5-10 FT

Asparagus - 3 FT

Grapevine Mixed Grasses EMERGING LAYER

TEM

Hazelnut Tree - 15 FT

children gathered in the information court approaching the farm from W

CANOPY LAYER

y Vines WEEN atoes

West Pine Rd

Apple Tree - 30 FT

UNDERSTORY LAYER

capture rry Trees es along

Information Courtyard

SHRUB LAYER

es rees s amount mount of wnslope.

EN Bushes MShrub signing

Chestnut Tree - 60 FT

GROUNDCOVER LAYER

ount nt es of sope.

David Holmgren Lilies Asters Marigolds Astilbe When rainfall surpasses the 1” per hour the soil can absorb, a Morning Glories Bee Balm swale graded 1% down to the ridges will distribute water and Pansies Black-eyed Susans collect in ephemeralButterfly ponds toBush hold water and soakPeonies in slowly.

Commercial Courtyard Phlox Columbine GRIMES Rhododendrons Cone Flowers SalviaDavid Holmgren Crocuses Sedum Daffodils When rainfall surpasses the 1” per hour the soil can Daisies absorb, a Shasta Delphiniums swale graded 1% down to the ridges will distribute water and Snake Plants Gladiolus collect in ephemeral ponds to hold water and soak in slowly.

Sunflowers Hibiscus Tulips GRIMES SITE BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Hostas Veronica Hyacinth The pattern ofHydrangeas the earth-water relationshipWisteria reveals where Irises access lanes should be Yarrow roads, and animal located around it, Zinnias where fencesLavender go, where the pattern of grazing will follow, and Lilacs such as buildings will be arranged. how infrastructure

VINE LAYER

Trees

permaculturenews.org Annual / Perennial

Dormitory Common Room GRIMES

overnight guests in the common room

Milking Parlour

mmon room

FINAL DESIGN

Farmerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Market

Food Forest

Restaurant Dining Room

Flexible Animal Shelter

W Pine Rd

Julia Grimes I Thesis 2018-2019

FINAL DESIGN

Building Site Model: agREculture: rural farming x public life

Existing and New Building Massing on the Northeast corner of the farm

FINAL DESIGN

This thesis has been a challenging and rewarding exploration into design questions not often discussed or even acknowledged in a traditional architectural education. I have been very grateful to be able to illustrate a complex and global problem through the context of architecture and landscape design to a very engaged jury and share my passion for agriculture and rural living. I look forward to applying all that I have learned to my effort of a specialized career as an architect of Rural America.

Big thanks to my family for lighting the fire of agriculture in my soul, and John DeFazio for taking the time to learn along with me.

Julia Grimes I Thesis 2018-2019