Alexandra Culciar

Advisor: Kelly Vresilovic THESIS 2020

Resiliency in Vejle, Denmark

ALEXANDRA CULCIAR

FLOATING COMMUNITY Sculpture by British artist Jason de Caires Taylor PHOTO: DPA

FLOODING • STORM SURGES • RIVER OVERFLOW • LOW/HIGH TIDE RANGE: 0’ -> HIGH TIDE 0.16’ (11 pm -4 am / 10 am – 4 pm) FLOOD RANGE: 0’ -> 1’ +/- (FREQUENT)

% OF POPULATION THAT LIVE IN DROWNING LOCATIONS 0%

5%

10 %

25 %

50 %

75 %

100 %

SEA LEVEL RISING 90% of the world’s coastal cities • ARCTIC MELTING ESTIMATED RANGE: 0 FT -> 0.05 FT / year average 50 YEAR SEA LEVEL = +2.5 FT 100 YEAR SEA LEVEL = +5 FT

DROWNING CITY

Many communities are under threat due to natures sporadic flooding and water level changes. Due to the future loss of land it will become unavoidable to live within flooding areas.

ACCOMODATE

PROTECT (ENGINEERED)

PROTECT (NATURAL)

RETREAT

I focused on the Coastline because it is the main frontier to the sea level fluctuation. Each location is unique and has unpredictable circumstances that scientists cannot quantify as efficiently as other natural disasters.

A few existing approaches explored are engineered, floating or natural solutions that will evolve with time and technology.

FLOAT & HYBRID (RESILIENT)

LANDSCAPE (RESILIENT)

COASTLINE PROTECTION

APPROACHES

9TH largest city in Denmark

VEJLE, DENMARK manufacturing in textiles, iron, hardware, canned goods, and leather goods

Fishing

Agriculture

Industrial port

Cotton textile mill industry boom

1500

1890

1980

2008

2015

1,500 inhabitants

3,300 inhabitants

booming inhabitants

56,567 inhabitants

+20,000 inhabitants immigrants

SITE IMAGES

VEJLE, DENMARK

A

C V

AREA OF INTEREST

CITY IMAGES

VEJLE EXISTING WATER INFRASTRUCTURE GREJS RIVER

253 FT

RESIDENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL

187 FT

CENTER CITY 2020 OCEAN LEVEL 0FT

351 FT RESIDENTIAL

285 FT

187 FT

RESIDENTIAL

BALTIC SEA

CITY TOPOGRAPHY SCALE: 1:1000 METER

POTENTIAL FLOOD EXTENSION SEA

ON SITE MEADOW

ON SITE MEADOW

NEAR SITE TRAILS

PAST SITE

ACROSS SITE

CENTER CITY

NEAR SITE KAYAK CLUB This is a Glacier city, it was built on a small sandbank in the middle of a wetland with steep slopes.

SITE CONDITIONS

EMBRACE WATER INSTEAD OF REPEL

TERRITORIAL STRATEGY

SHORT TERM

LONG TERM

SITE STRATEGY

URBAN/ARCHITECTURAL

ADAPTABILITY OF USE

INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY

WINTER

SUMMER

AREA TO REACT TO SEA LEVEL RISING POPULATION GROWTH The overall strategy is to EMBRACE WATER AS A CONNECTION/EXTENTION OF THE EXISTING COMMUNITY WHILE CONSIDERING THE WATER AS PART OF THE COMPLEX SYSTEM/NETWORK, THE DESIGN UNITES THE LAND, SHORELINE AND SEA

SHORT TERM SITE STRATEGY IS A LANDSCAPE ADAPTABILITY TO FLOODS AND TIDES. IT IS PRIMARILY A MIX OF FUNCTIONS AND USERS TO REALLY ACTIVATE AND ANIMATE THE AREA AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE DAY AND SEASONS, WHILE ENRICHING WILDLIFE HABITATS AND THE COMMUNITY'S FUNCTION/FUN.

LONG TERM URBAN STRATEGY IS AN ARCHITECTURAL PLANNIING RESPONSE TO THE SEA LEVEL RISING. BECAUSE CURRENT PRACTICES MAY NOT BE EFFECTIVE IN SOLVING FUTURE PROBLEMS, ARCHITECTURE SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO HAVE THE CAPACITY TO ACCOMMODATE CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF A BUILDING’S USEFUL LIFE. UTILIZING DATA AND RESEARCH ON HAZARD AND CLIMATE PROJECTIONS TO PERFORM RISK AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS AT THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION. THIS ENSURES BEST PRACTICES FOR USING MOST UPDATED STRATEGY AND TECHNOLOGY WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE FUTURE HAZARDS.

OVERALL The overall strategy is to EMBRACE WATER AS A CONNECTION/EXTENTION OF THE EXISTING COMMUNITY WHILE CONSIDERING

STRATEGY THE WATER AS PART OF THE COMPLEX SYSTEM/NETWORK, THE DESIGN UNITES THE LAND, SHORELINE AND SEA

RAIN

NATURE SITE CIRCULATION CAR PATH BIKE/PEDESTRIAN PATH

NODES CONNECTING EXISTING AND NEW LAND AND SEA

PUBLIC PRIVATE COMMUNAL

SITE ADJACENCIES

PUBLIC/PRIVATE

PROGRAM & INFRASTRUCTURE

SITE

FLOOD GARDEN

BASIN

RUNOFF POOL

CHANNEL/CANAL

Bottière-Chênaie Park & Public Spaces NATURE IN THE CITY eco-district NATES, FRANCE • Water management

TAKE AWAYS: •50% VEGETATION AND 50% URBANISM •RAINWATER STREAM FOOT PATH AND COLLECTION •PEDESTRIAN, CYCLES AND CARS •COMMUNITY FARMING/VEGETABLES •DITCHES, CHANNELS, BASIN AND CANALS DIRECT THE PUBLIC SPACES

LANDSCAPE

CASE STUDY

CONSTRUCTION

SECTION

AMSTERDAM Architect Julius Taminiau TAKE AWAYS: •can move along with the water level (and rising sea level); •is easy to move •can be completely prefabricated anywhere else and shipped to the required destination •the surrounding water can be used as gray water (e.g. for flushing the toilet or washing) •the surrounding water could be even filtered into drinking water •the heat of the water could be used for heating the home •the houseboat has to stay afloat, one need to build lighter and use materials more consciously

FLOOR PLAN

2nd FLOOR

ROOF TOP

INTERIOR

UTILITY

ARCHITECTURAL

CASE STUDY

NATURAL RESERVE

RESIDENTIAL

CENTER CITY PORT AUTHORITY MAIN PORT CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURING

0’ sea level

NATURAL RESERVE

MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

18 FT

PROGRAM RESTAURANTS

BIKE AND CARS 0 ’

200 ’

400’

800 ’

BOATS HARBOR / MARINA

Train Railway

BUS stops

COMMERCIAL HIKE TRAIL

RESIDENTIAL 351 FT

SITE DIMENSIONS • •

2020

0 ft SEA LEVEL

MASTER PLAN

28 acres 0 ft to 18 ft above sea level

LAND 9.51 AC

MEADOW 8.16 AC

WATER 10.29 AC

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

ERROSION CONTROL WETLAND PARK

3 BOULDER EDGE

NATURAL STONE

1 RAIN GARDEN 5 2

TIMBER DECK

RETAINING WALL

BIORETENTION 5 1

1

1

1

1

BEACH SAND

1 LIVING SHORELINE

2 CONSTRUCTED DRAINAGE SYSTEM 3

3

3

LEVEES & EMBARKMENTS

3

2 STABILIZED

3 CONSTRUCTED

4 FLOATING

5 WETLAND

4 4

2020

0 ft SEA LEVEL

ENLARGED MASTER PLAN

A

WORK SHARE SPACE

CO-LIVING 2-3 FLOOR

SCHOOL RETAIL

URGENT CARE IBAEK STRANDVEJ

FARMERS MARKET

OPEN AIR MARKET

PHARMACY RETAIL

FISHING MARKET

8 MINUTE WALK RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY 2320 16 ft

A MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

2020

0 ft SEA LEVEL

MASTER PLAN 2020

BIKE AND CARS

BOATS & KAYAKS FOR UN-MANNED BOATS FOR FIRE WATER BASED FIGHTING TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITIES

A FLOATING MARKET

WORK SHARE SPACE

CO-LIVING 2-3 FLOOR

RESIDENTIAL

SCHOOL RETAIL

URGENT CARE

FARMERS MARKET

OPEN AIR MARKET

PHARMACY RETAIL

FISHING MARKET

IBAEK STRANDVEJ RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY 2320 16 ft

A 2120

5 ft SEA LEVEL

MASTER PLAN

FARMING

NATURAL PRESERVE

RESIDENTIAL

RESTAURAN T BAKERY CAFE RETAI L

RETAI L

SUPERMARKET

0 10 2 ’ ’ 5’

2020

50 ’

100 ’

0 ft SEA LEVEL

ENLARGED MASTER PLAN

FARMERS MARKET

OPEN AIR FARMERS MARKET

FARMING

FISH MARKET

2 1

FARMERS MARKET

OPEN AIR FARMERS MARKET

OPEN AIR LAND BASED

BRIDGE/PATH

RESIDENTIAL

PUBLIC

WATER / FLOOD RANGE

LOCAL WILDLIFE

SEA GULS

GOLDEN EYE DUCK

CORMORAND

PEREGRI NE FALCON

PUFFINS

SEA LION

JELLY FISH

1

SEA TROUT

2

DOLPHIN

WATER

1

2020

0 ft SEA LEVEL

2120

5 ft SEA LEVEL

INDUSTRIAL ZONE

RIVER

1

SITE SECTION - A

SWIM / KAYAK

2 VOLLEYBALL

BIKE PATH

2

SEATTING/WALK

3

1

RAIN GARDEN

SWIM / SKATE

FARMING

4

ICE/SWIM 4

FARMING

5

5 DINING

RETAIL

3

WALK

MAIN WALK STREET

EXISTING RESIDENTIAL

1

PARKING

2020

PHARMACY

0 ft SEA LEVEL

SITE SECTION - B

PARKING / PATH 1

2

COFFEE SHOP

COURTYARD

GROCERY STORE

2 FARMING

RETAIL

3

2020

0 ft SEA LEVEL

2120

5 ft SEA LEVEL

LAND BASED 3

OPEN AIR FARMERS MARKET

OPEN AIR

4

WATER / FLOOD RANGE BRIDGE/PATH

4 RESIDENTIAL / FARMING

5 PUBLIC

WATER

FLOATING METHOD FLOATING SYSTEM & LOGISTICS

SOCIALIZATION

VERADAS BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE

SLOWEST ASSEMBLY

Prefabrication: • Panel transportation • Built near site (weather inclined) • Attach utilities • Longer lead times on site

FASTEST ASSEMBLY Prefabrication: • House built in a Covered Dry Dock • Formwork of concrete flotation tank • Production line • Dry dock filled with water • House unit moored • Attach utilities • Short time assembly ON SITE

MODERATE ASSEMBLY

Prefabrication: • House built in a Wearhouse • Formwork of concrete flotation tank • Production line • Shipped and launched in water • House unit moored • Attach utilities • Longer lead time in Factory • Short time assembly

FLOATING SYSTEM & LOGISTICS

METHODS OF FABRICATION

TUB

DUTCH METHOD

BUILDING SECTION • CONCRETE TANK (UPWARD FORCE) • HIGH STRENGTH SHELL DOUBLE REINFORCED CONCRETE • DOES NOT REQUIRE ENFORCED RIBS ALLOWING FOR AN OPEN FLOOR

SOCIALIZATION

MOORING POLES HIGH CENTER OF GRAVITY

BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE

LIGHT WEIGHT WOOD

VERADAS

BUILDING HEIGHT 7M+ 23 FT +

BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE

LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURE 3 FLOORS

UNSTABLE

FOAM PLATFORM ISLAND

CANADIAN METHOD

LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURE

PILES OVER EMBANKMENT LIMITED DEPTH

STRUCTURE

BUILDING SECTION • INVERTED CONCRETE TANK (PLATFORM-UPWARD FORCE) • ANTI-CAPSIZING PERFORMANCE (DEPTH, FLOTATION BODY SIZE, HEIGHT DISTRIBUTION MASS) • LIVING SPACES ABOVE WATER LEVEL

LOW CENTER OF GRAVITY

LIGHT WEIGHT WOOD

STABLE

BUILDING HEIGHT 7M 23 FT

SOCIALIZATION BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE

WATER RANGE 90-150 CM 3-5 FT 2 FLOORS

BUILDING STABILITY

SPACES

CONSIDERATIONS: • HOUSES MEET LOCAL CODE • UNBALANCED SEPARATELY NEED INFRASTRUCTURE TO TIE TOGETHER • FLOATED/TOWED TO LOCATION • ARCHIMEDES’S LAW: VERTICAL LOAD + FLOTATION BODY = WEIGHT OF WATER DISPLACED • REDUCED RISK OF CAPSIZING OR TILTING AT HIGH WIND PRESSURES • WIDER CONSIDER BENDING MOMENTS & TRANSPORTATION/VERTICAL MOVEMENTS OF WAVES • UTILITY SERVICES/CONNECTION/PERMITS • Mass distribution • Compensating weights • 2% maximum deviation • Stability • Movement & noise • Waves • Draught

FLOATING SYSTEM & LOGISTICS

FLOATING FORM

SOLAR MASSING SHADING

SUMMER EQUINOX DAYLIGHT LEVELS 7 DAYLIGHT 4 TWILIGHT

SUN RISE

SUN RISE

WINTER EQUINOX DAYLIGHT LEVELS 12 NIGHT 17 DAYLIGHT

SUN SET

SUN SET

ROOF SKYLIGHT/SOLAR PANEL

LARGE SKYLIGHT

SKINNY / LONG

MID SIZE

• NO SURFACE FOR SOLAR PANELS

• MEDIUM LIGHT DISPERSMENT

• OVEREXPOSED LIGHT DISTRIBUTION • HEAT LOSS

SOLAR

SKINNY / SHORT • CENTRALIZED DISPERSING AMBIANT EVENLY

ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS

STABILITY ON WATER

FORM DEVEOPMENT (SECTIONS)

STREAMING OF BUILDING

UPLIFT RESISTANCE

DRAG

DIRECT PRESSURE

ROCKING

WIND CUPPING – OPEN & RECESSED

SUCTION

INCREASED FORCE PROJECTING ELEMENTS

MASSING SLOPES

MASSING

SLOPES

MASSING

SHADING STUDY Spring Equinox March 20th

Summer Solstice June 21st

Fall Equinox September 22nd

Winter Equinox December 21st

BUILDING MASSING

FLOATING FORM

BUILDING PROGRAM ORIENTATION

BUILDING ORIENTATION

2 STORY RESIDENCE

1 STORY RESIDENCE

VERTICAL PROGRAM ADJACENCY

HORIZONTAL PROGRAM ADJACENCY WEST

PUBLI C

BEDROO M

LIVING ROOM KITCHEN

SOUTH

BRIGH T

BEDROO M

KICTHEN

LIVING

ENTRY

SHADE D

BATH /STAI RS DININ G

BATH

VIEWS

BEDROO M

EAST

STORAGE

SOUTH PRIVATE

ORIENTATION & PROGRAM

DESIGN & PROCESS

SEMY PRIVATE ENTRY KITCHEN DINING LIVING GARDEN

VERY PRIVATE SLEEP STORAGE FULL PRIVACY FISH/SWIM

NORT H

NORT H

STRUCTURE

ROOF

WIND

WIND TURBINE

SOLAR SHINGLES SOLAR SHINGLES

WATER WATER COLLECTION

• • •

2 X 6 TIMBER BEAMS 6X6 WOOD COLUMNS 10’-0” ON CENTER SPACING

WATER COLLECTION

FRESH WATER FILTERING WATER COLLECTION

500 sf house CONCRET E BASE

• • • • • •

1,000 sf house • • • • • •

2,100 avg. Electric use / year 250 kwh per month / household 2kw system 350W panels required 7 Panel size 66.38 x 40 x 1.57 inch 130 sf

WATER A

A

5

3

GAS

SOLAR PANELS

2 GENARATOR

FILTER

B

TANK COLLECTION

C 3

SOLAR

SOLAR SHINGLES

ELECTRICITY 1

RAIN/SNOW FRESH WATER

1

4,200 avg. Electric use / year 500 kwh per month / household 5kw system 350W panels required 15 Panel size 66.38 x 40 x 1.57 inch 275 sf

2

4

WATER BASED RESIDENCE

USE DRINK/BATHE APPLIANCES PLUMBING

B

HOUSE INFRASTRUCTURE

4 BATTERY/STORAGE

C

WASTE

FILTER & REUSE

USE APPLIANCES LIGHTS HEATING/COOLING

5

TECH & STRUCTURE

FLOOR PLAN

INTERIOR A A

BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE

BEDROOM

FOAM PLATFORM ISLAND

UTILITY BATH

CANADIAN METHOD

WATER BASED

SMALL RESIDENCE

B

B DINING/KITCHEN

GROUD FLOOR

ROOF TOP

SPRING / DAWN

WINTER / NIGHT

2

1

1

A

WATER COLLECTION INTEGRATED DRAIN -VERTICAL PRESSURE TREATED WOOD CLADDING -WOOD STRUCTURE, PRESSURE TREATED -RECYCLED WOOL/TEXTILE INSULATION -TIMBER FRAME USING WOOD, GLASS, MINERAL WOOL AND STEEL, IS A SPACE EFFICIENT MOVABLE HOUSE.

B

2 INTEGRATED SOLAR PANEL

INTERIOR

FLOOR PLAN

A

A

BEDROOM

SOCIALIZATION

FAMILY ROOM

VERADAS BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE

UTILITY

BATH

TUB B

DINING/KITCHEN

B

BEDROOM

DUTCH METHOD

WATER BASED

MEDIUM RESIDENCE

GROUD FLOOR

LEVEL BELOW

SPRING / SUNSET

SPRING / SUNRISE

2

1

FAMIL Y ROOM

DINING/KITCHEN

DINING/ KITCHEN

BEDROOM

1

WATER COLLECTION INTEGRATED DRAIN -WOOD SHINGLES -WOOD STRUCTURE, PRESSURE TREATED -RECYCLED WOOL/TEXTILE INSULATION -TIMBER FRAME USING WOOD, GLASS, MINERAL WOOL AND STEEL, IS A SPACE EFFICIENT MOVABLE HOUSE.

BEDROOM BEDROOM UTILITY

A

UTILITY

B 2 INTEGRATED SOLAR PANEL

FLOOR PLAN

ROOF TOP

A

BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE

FAMILY ROOM

BATH

FOAM PLATFORM ISLAND

BEDROOM

PRIVATE PATIO

CANADIAN METHOD

UTILITY

B

BEDROOM

DINING/KITCHEN

ROOF TOP PATTIO

WATER BASED

LARGE RESIDENCE

GROUD FLOOR

SPRING / SUNSET

SPRING / SUNRISE

1

2 1 WATER COLLECTION

INTEGRATED DRAIN

A

-CHARRED WOOD FACADE -RECYCLED WOOL/TEXTILE INSULATION -TIMBER FRAME USING WOOD, GLASS, MINERAL WOOL AND STEEL, IS A SPACE EFFICIENT MOVABLE HOUSE.

B

2 INTEGRATED SOLAR PANEL

GARDEN DIVING PLATFORM/SWIM

PRIVATE BAR CAFE THEATER STAGE GARDEN

0’ 10’

25’

50’

100’

FLOATING PLATFORMS

ISLANDS

GATHERED ARRANGEMENT

INDIVIDUAL ARRANGEMENT

STRUCTURE

PROGRAM: • GARDEN • SAUNA • DIVING PLATFORM/SWIM • FLOATING FISH MARKET • THEATER/CONCERTS/STAGE • BAR/CAFÉ

MATERIALS: • PRESSURE TREATED WOOD STRUCTURE

PLAN

ISLAND PERSPECTIVE

Advisor: Kelly Vresilovic THESIS 2020

Resiliency in Vejle, Denmark

THANK YOU !

ALEXANDRA CULCIAR

FLOATING COMMUNITY Sculpture by British artist Jason de Caires Taylor PHOTO: DPA