Caitlin Brady 2017

Exposition: Extended Designing an adaptable temporary event to spark urban development and social-cultural advancements

Student: Caitlin Brady | Process Book | Advisor: Alan Greenberger

Inspiration: 2015 Milan Expo The Milan Expo, “Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life,� ran from April to October 2015 on a previously undeveloped, 490 acres site north of Milan. 22.2 million people attended the expo which featured contributions from 145 different countries.

Much of the built environment was demolished after the expo, leaving just a few key buildings for reuse.

During the Milan Expo

After the Milan Expo

Exposition: Extended International exhibitions are temporary events, held every five years, that bring individuals from all over the world together to share ideologies and opinions.

Exposition sites typically consist of temporary entertainment venues, exhibits, and modular pavilions, designed by contributing countries and private corporations, showcasing their architectural and technical prowess.

The host country’s pavilion does not fall into the typical pavilion module and therefore becomes a landmark of the exposition. This building functions as the exposition’s headquarters as well as the exposition’s chief exhibit.

For six months, the exposition will function as a vibrant, diverse community of the finest ideas and innovations of the age, visited by millions of people from all corners of the world.

After the exposition, the site will drastically change. Temporary structures will be demolished or moved; tourist visits will decrease to almost zero; and economic investments will dwindle, preventing site owners from executing basic site maintenance and upkeep. Most expositions do not thrive after their expiration date. They become abandoned, under-utilized, or forgotten.

They are too large and too haphazardly planned to successfully transition into permanent communities, therefore they often fail.

How can I design a temporary exposition that can become a permanent community?

How can the host pavilion unify and energize this community?

Site: Puerto Rico Puerto Rico fits the three major criteria for my international exposition’s site: located within the United States, accessible, and ripe for change. The island was originally settled by native tribes, then overtaken by Spanish settlers. In 1898, Puerto Rico became part of the United States.

The island has a rich diversity of Latin, European, and American cultural influences.

2016 1000 Arawak Indians settle on “Boriquen”

1520s

1917

1952

1998

San Juan Bautista is renamed “Puerto Rico”

Jones Act grants Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship

Becomes a selfgoverning commonwealth

Residents vote and refuse to apply for statehood

1493

1898

1948

On his second voyage, Columbus claims Boriquen for Spain, renames it “San Juan Bautista”

Spanish American War ends with the Treaty of Paris, giving the U.S. possession of Puerto Rico

Sends its first team to the Olympics

1508

1900

Ponce de Leon establishes the 1st Spanish settlement

Declared a U.S. Territory

Defaults a second time with payments around $37m. The economy continues to struggle

1972

2015

2017

Baseball hero, Roberto Clemente, a former Pittsburgh Pirate, is killed in a plane crash

Defaults on its debt for the first time with payments more than $50m

Declares bankruptcy

Site: Puerto Rico Most recently Puerto Rico declared bankruptcy. The island, once reliant on tax-reduced industry, has lost 20% of their jobs and 10% of their population with a change in tax policy. An increase in tourism is one possible way for Puerto Rico to revive their economy. Other Caribbean countries have significantly larger tourism-focused economies and benefit greatly from visitors coming to enjoy their warm climates and beaches year-round.

2015: Travel and Tourism’s Total Contribtution to GDP

57 1% 57.1%

46.9%

29.3% .3% 3%

16.3% 3%

15.1% 1%

10.1% .1% 1%

9.8% 8%

8.6% 6%

8.5% 5%

7.2%

Antigua and Barbuda

Bahamas

Jamaica

Dominican Republic

Mexico

Cuba

World

Americas

Trinidad and Tobago

Puerto Rico

Travel and Tourism’s Total Contribtution to Employment

55 4% 55.4%

51 6% 51.6%

26.6 6.6

15.9% 9%

15.0% .0% 0%

11.3% .3% 3%

9.7% 7%

9.5% 5%

9.3% 3%

6.2%

Bahamas

Antigua and Barbuda

Jamaica

Mexico

Dominican Republic

Trinidad and Tobago

Americas

World

Cuba

Puerto Rico

An international exposition will: 1. Stimulate development of urban spaces and infrastructure 2. Boost international awareness of a city 3. Increase tourism and business 30 Million

DENSE

100 Acres

22 Million

ACCESSIBLE

22 Million

427 Acres

271 Acres

73 Million

121

145

531 acres 200 States + Countries

1304 Acres 192 155 18 Million

41 Million 36 18 Million

98 Acres

54 22 Million

172 Acres

395 Acres

531 Acres 108

75 64 Million

50 Million

81 Acres

988 Acres 62

Site

DIVERSE

1967

1970

1986

1988

1992

2000

2005

2010

2015

2025

Montreal Canada

Osaka Japan

Vancouver Canada

Brisbane Australia

Seville Spain

Hanover Germany

Aichi Japan

Shanghai China

Milan Italy

San Juan Puerto Rico

Appropriate site selection was determined by the size, participant, and visitor calculations of previous expos. I estimated that a site of 100 acres would be appropriate for approximately 200 country/ state participants and 30 million visitors to Puerto Rico’s exposition.

Expo Size (acres) Participating Countries Visitors (millions)

San Juan

Nature Reserve Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport

Shipyards Landfill Sports Complex

Roberto Clemente Sports Complex

ANALYSIS INFLUENCED DESIGN Expo Commercial Neighborhoods

Summer Solstice

Equinox

Connections

Water Connection

Winter Solstice

N

EXISTING CONDITIONS Prevailing Winds

Playa Isla Verde La Torrecilla Lagoon

Los Corozos Lagoon

EXISTING CONDITIONS Existing Buildings

Existing Fields

Mangrove Forests

Dense Trees

Roman Baldority de Castro Expressway

Luis Munoz Marin International Airport

Iturregui

CIRCULATION Highway

Light Rail

Avenue

Bus

Water Traffic

Atlantic Ocean

z Suare Canal

San Jose Lagoon

San Jose Lagoon Depth: 36’

SITE

WATER IMPACTS Existing Water

[San Juan]

5’ Above Sea Level

2% Flood Hazard

2500 0 SSingle Fami y Units Family Fam U it

1500 SSingle ingl gle Faami Family mily Units

LAND USE Single Family Units

[Carolina]

N SITE EXTENTS

Multi-Family Units

Commercial

Airport

Park

Host Pavilion 160,000 SF

Expo Program BIE Class: Universal Exposition Category: International Registered Exhibition 30

Pavilion Modules (100) 1,000,000 SF

Americas

Canal

United States

Parking (Temporary)

30 50 200 Pavilions

Europe

Visitor Services 1,500 SF

Companies

15 25 Asia Africa

Duration of Exposition: May 5, 2025 - August 31, 2025

50

Toilets, Lost & Found, Information, Security 3,500 SF

100 10,000 SF Blocks 250 Individual Pavilions of varying sizes Participants: 48 Corporate Participants 52 US State/ District Participants 150 Country Participants

A A

Program: Temporary Services [Visitor Services, Toilet Facilities, Lost & Found, Information Kiosks, Emergency & Fire Control Center, Security & First Aid Center, Support/ Storage, Waste Facilities]

Total Module: 100’ x 100’ Pavilion Module Options: A: 3400 SF, B: 1400 SF, C: 2000 SF, D: 800 SF, E: 2600 SF

B

C B

C

Structural Grid: 20’ steel frame grid, with possibility to build on a 40’ grid.

This facilitates the building’s transition into a permanent, high rise structure if determined necessary in the future Possible Level Heights: 22’ and 10’

Visitor Infrastructure [Transit Stops, Hotels, Parking [Guest Parking (1,500 Spaces), Employee Parking (1,500 Spaces)]

Hotels 240,000 SF

Guest Infrastructure

Entertainment

Country: United States Commonwealth: Puerto Rico City: San Juan (Carolina) Coordinates: 18°25’15.83” N 66°00’04.74” W

Entertainment [Pavilion Modules, Preview Center, Host Pavilion, Outdoor Amphitheater, Park Space]

Transit Stops 1,500 SF

Preview Pavilion 50,000 SF

Total Area: 150 Acres Expected Visitors: 30 million people

Participating Regions of the United States: 52 Participating Corporations/ Organizations: 48 Participating Countries:150

Outdoor Green Space

Total Height: 32’

D

E D E

Courtyard: 3200 SF to be used as shared outdoor space for the module tenants during the exposition.

Afterwards, this space may be incorporated into a building extension

Employee Lot 270,000 SF

Event Services (Temporary)

Storage 5,000 SF

Guest Lot 270,000 SF

Waste Facility 5,000 SF

Community Program Concept: Thriving urban center developed from the permanent elements of the 2025 Puerto Rico International Exposition Total Area: 250 Acres Residential: 2 million SF Commercial: 1 million SF Retail: 600,000 SF Expected Inhabitants: 6,000 people Average household size in Puerto Rico (per 2015 census): 2.81 Average family size n Puerto Rico (per 2015 census): 3.46 Country: United States Commonwealth: Puerto Rico City: Carolina Coordinates: 18°25’15.83” N 66°00’04.74” W Transportation: Tren Urbano Expansion Road Connections to surrounding areas (travel limited during exposition)

Host Pavilion Program

Information

Lobby Administration Offices

Theater

Sporting Venues

Small Theater Event Space Restaurant Storage Interactive Spaces Office Food Service Closed Offices Classrooms/ Lounges Toilet Rooms Teledata Mail Room Community Rooms Loading Dock Mechanical

Lobby Event Space

Business Space

Community Center Program

Sports Courts Fitness Areas

Community Center

Exhibit Theater and Support Spaces Small Theater Exhibit Space Event Space

Theater

Community Rooms

Service

Food Service Restaurant Office Food Service

Cafe

Toilets

Front of House Lobby Information Administration Offices

Administration Closed Offices Open Offices Meeting Rooms Conference/ Working Rooms Lounges

Recreation Theater and Support Spaces Small Theater Sports Courts Event Space Community Spaces Lobby

Food Service Restaurant Office Food Service Administration Closed Offices Support Toilet Rooms Storage Loading Dock Mail Room Mechanical Teledata

Support Toilet Rooms Storage Loading Dock Mail Room Mechanical Teledata

Exhibit Space

Event Space

Expo

Theater

Administration

Service

Cafe Toilets Information

Lobby Administration Offices

Theater

Exhibit Space

Small Theater Event Space Restaurant Storage Open Offices Closed Offices Conference/ Lounges Toilet Rooms Teledata Mail Room Meeting Rooms Loading Dock Mechanical

Office Food Service

160,000 SF Estimated Total

Front of House Lobby Information Administration Offices

Expo Precedents: During & After

1893 Chicago Expo

1962 Seattle Expo

1876 Philadelphia Expo Today: Centennial Park Area: 74 acres Participants: 24 countries Attendees: 6.6 million Organizer: Edward E. Carlson Legacy Projects: Seattle Space Needle, Alweg Monorail, Key Arena, Cornish Playhouse Today: Seattle Center

Area: 690 acres Participants: 46 countries Attendees: 27.3 million Organizer: George R. Davis Legacy Projects: Palace of Fine Arts, World’s Congress Auxiliary Building Today: Jackson Park & Midway Plaisance

2000 Hanover Expo Today: Neglected Commercial Park

1986 Vancouver Expo

1988 Brisbane Expo

1893 Chicago Expo Today: Jackson Park Area: 175 acres Participants: 54 countries Attendees: 22.1 million people Organizer: Jim Pattinson Legacy Projects: SkyTrain, Science World, BC Place Stadium, Canada Place, Plaza of Nations Today: Residential towers and sports complex

1962 Seattle Expo Today: Seattle Center

Area: 100 acres Participants: 46 countries Attendees: 15.8 million Organizer: Joh Bjelke-Peterson Legacy Projects: Monorail, Skyneedle, South Bank Parklands, Brisbane Convention Centre Today: Queensland Cultural Centre

Master Plan Precedents 1967 Montreal Expo

Area: 900 acres Participants: 62 countries Attendees: 50.3 million Organizer: Pierre Dupuy Legacy Projects: Habitat 67, Environmental Sciences Museum, 1976 Summer Olympics Today: Parkland

Savannah, Georgia

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

James Oglethorpe, 1730s Concept: Grid streets planned around neighborhood squares

Designer: Davies, Bor, de Monchaux, 1970s Concept: Grid system with a dense commercial zone at center

Canberra, Australia

Magic Kingdom, Florida

Designer: Walter Griffin, 1910s Concept: Three major nodes created by major roads surrounding a public core

WED Enterprises, 1970s Concept: Major circulation with minor loops extending from the main route

London Olympic Park,

Seaside, Florida

London Legacy Development Corp., 2010s Concept: Linear layout with public uses along water, residential along land

Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company, 1980s Concept: Radial public zones with minor streets aligned on a grid

2015 Milan Expo

Area: 490 acres Participants: 145 countries Attendees: 22.2 million Architects: Stefano Boeri, Richard Burdett, Mark Rylander, Jacques Herzog Legacy Projects: Italy Pavilion Today: Park

Expo/ Final Master Plan

Expo Master Plan Parti Expo Commercial Waterway Green

Expo Master Plan Features Node Circulation Access

Temporary Pop-up Exhibit and Recreation Space

Expo Master Plan Land Use Specialty Pavilion Standard Pavilion Commercial Green

Pavilion Modules 250 Acres for Future Development

Host Pavilion 200’ Wide and 6300’ Long Man-Made Canal 3000 Visitor and Staff Parking Spots Temporary Preview Pavilion

200’ Deep Green Belt along Canal Local Transit Stop

Expo Hotels

Commercial Corridor to Link Expo Development to Existing Neighborhood

150 Acre Expo Development (Excluding Canal) Temporary Event Services and Exhibit Spaces

Phase 1 Expo, Canal, Neighborhood Commercial

Phase 2 Fill-in Commercial

Phase 3 Expand Commercial Development

Phase 4 Fill-in Residential

Phase 5 Extend Commercial and Residential

Tenth Floor: 12,000 SF Event Space

Small Event Space

Host Pavilion/ Community Center

Large Event Space

Communicating Stair

Typical Floor: 12,000 SF Business Rental Space Typical for floors 4-9

Rentable Business Space

Rentable Business Space

Community Rooms

Second Floor: 24,000 SF Fitness and Community Spaces

Typical 20’ Steel Column Grid

Administrative Offices

.1mi Running Track

Community Rooms 160 Seat Theater

Fitness Rooms Cafe

First Floor: 41,000 SF Major Public Spaces Sports Courts, Cafe, and Theater

Two story rock wall

Administrative Offices

Cardio Room

Youth Basketball Courts

Daycare Window Display 160 Seat Theater Lobby Locker Rooms

Fitness Rooms

Two story rock wall Cardio room

Secondary Entrance

Floor Plan Legend Community/ Cultural Fitness/Sports Event Business Rental

Community Rooms

Second Floor: 24,000 SF Fitness and Community Spaces

Typical 20’ Steel Column Grid

Administrative Offices

.1mi Running Track

Community Rooms 160 Seat Theater

Fitness Rooms Cafe

First Floor: 41,000 SF Major Public Spaces Sports Courts, Cafe, and Theater

Two story rock wall

Administrative Offices

Cardio Room

Youth Basketball Courts

Daycare Window Display 160 Seat Theater Lobby Locker Rooms

Fitness Rooms

Two story rock wall Cardio room

Secondary Entrance

Floor Plan Legend Community/ Cultural Fitness/Sports Event Business Rental

B 1’x10’ Perforated, White Metal Panel Curtain Wall Mounting Bracket to Hold 10’x10’ Modules Concrete Floor Slab

1’x10’ Perforated, White Metal Panel Angled Support Bracket 10’x10’ Module Grid Supports Roof Parapet

B A

A

“Expositions are the timekeepers of progress. They record the world’s advancement. They stimulate the energy, enterprise, and intellect of the people, and quicken human genius. They go into the home. They broaden and brighten the daily life of the people. They open mighty storehouses of information to the student.

Every exposition, great or small, has helped to some onward step.”

- President William McKinley, 1901