KNOW ALL ABOUT OBESITY

Know All About Obesity

What is obesity? How much is the prevalence? How do you know the severity of Obesity?

Obesity as we all know its mothapaa or basically increased storage of fat. Overall prevalence of Obese person is nearly 30-40% and Overweight people are almost 60-70%.

Fat is a rich source of energy in between mealtime. But if we do not burn or use it by activity it goes on increasing leading to Obesity.

To diagnose it we calculate BMI and Waist circumference.

Body Mas Index i.e. BMI is Calculated as wt in Kg/Ht in meter square and waist circumference we measure at the level of superior border of the iliac crest or at midpoint between the lower border of the rib cage and the iliac crest.

Obesity has been divided into different grades; like

1. If your BMI is 18.5 to 24.9, it falls within the Healthy Weight range.

2. If your BMI is 25.0 to 29.9, it falls within the overweight range.

3. If your BMI is 30.0 or higher, it falls within the obese range.

What are the reasons for Obesity?

Mainly Has 4 reasons: Commonest is High Calorie Intake and Lack of Physical Activity and Reare are some medical condition like Hypothyroidism, cushing syndrome, genetic Susceptibility, Drugs like steroid, antidepressant.

If you consume high amounts of energy, particularly found in high fat and high sugar foods, and do not use all of the energy through physical activity, much of the extra energy will be stored in the body as fat.

The energy value of food is measured in units called calories. The average physically active man needs about 2,500 calories a day to maintain a healthy weight, and the average physically active woman needs about 2,000 calories a day.

For example, eating a large takeaway burger, fries and a milkshake can total 1,500 calories – and that’s just 1 meal.

Eating large amounts of processed or fast food – cheaper and more convenient, and is heavily advertised and promoted.

Drinking too much alcohol – alcohol contains a lot of calories

Eating out a lot – food cooked in a restaurant may be higher in fat and sugar

Eating larger portions than you need

Drinking too many sugary drinks – including soft drinks and fruit juice

Comfort eating – some people may comfort eat due to many other factors affecting their life such as low self-esteem or low mood

Physically inactive Lifestyle:

For example work from home, sitting job,. Many rely on their cars, lifts rather than walking or cycling or use of staircase.

So If you are not active enough, you do not use the energy provided by the food you eat, and the extra energy you consume is stored by the body as fat.

Consequences of Obesity?

1. It affects almost all part of like Physically, Mentally and Socially as well.

2. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Heart attack, heart failure

3. fatty liver, Gall stone diseases

4. Arthritis, Sleep apnea,

5. Obesity-related cancers like GI cancer, Reproductive organ cancer

What is Ideal Body weight and caloric intake?

How to calculate it?

Ideal body weight (IBW) refers to how much a person should weigh according to his or her age, gender, height and other factors.

Roughly For Men, IBW= Height in cm- 100 For Women, IBW= Height in cm -105

Ideal Caloric Intake- Men 2000-2500, Women- 1800-2000

How to manage weight?

Obesity carerequires comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Team should have Dietician, Psychologist, Physician/ Cardiologist, Exercise Trainer, Sometimes nurse and surgeon as well.

Management comprises stagewise approach :

1. First step- Determine Degree of Overweight and Obesity

2. Second Step- Personalised Assessment of comorbidities and reason for Obesity

3. Third Step- Setting the Goal on the basis of BMI and other observed factors

4. Fourth Step- Management- Core and Adjunctive

5. Fifth Step- Maintenance and Continuous assessment

FAD Diets? What they can do?

Fad diets promote quick weight loss without taking into effect the nutrients your body needs.

These diet have severe caloric restriction can slow your metabolism and make it harder to get leaner.

That’s why most dieters are caught in a cycle of losing and gaining weight. Dehydration, malnutrition, and electrolyte imbalances are common side effects of crash diets. There is also a risk of metabolic damage and muscle loss.