The Planning For The Community Building Session Is Almost Complete Th
The planning for the community building session is almost complete. The last details are how to conduct the plenary sessions for sharing information across groups to develop key priorities and themes that will need to be addressed. There are 2 sessions that need to be planned. One is to review the work done by intact work teams. In this larger session, the goal is to spot patterns and identify themes that can be used to plan actions.
These patterns or themes will come from the stop–continue–start charts developed by each functional group. In this way, not only will the changes that need to happen be identified, but aspects of effective work (those things that work well and should be continued) can also be reinforced. The external consulting team strongly recommended a "cross-functional, by-level grouping" for the first step. Their aim is to promote understanding of priorities and show how different issues at different levels of the organization can be aligned. The internal consulting team is excited about being the primary facilitators for these sessions.
Everyone recognizes that a structured approach will be critical (for timing and to control decision–making inputs). The approach called Nominal Group Technique (NGT) seems to be ideally suited to this task. You want to prepare yourself for conducting the session. Use the library, Internet, or other resources to research NGT. Because each grouping will be of a differing size, you want to tailor the overall steps of NGT to the situation you will facilitate.
To do this, you must create a meeting session plan (a document of 4–5 pages ) that will answer the following questions: What is the goal of the session? How will the nominal group technique be used to achieve this goal? · How will the members of the team work together (guidelines for effective participation)? What specific steps and tasks will be involved in achieving the goal? How much time will be allocated to each step or task? What voting mechanism is most appropriate for the size of the group and the specific stage of the process? ·What will the outcome look like? What will the group present to the other levels? The sample format is on the last page(scroll down). Your assignment is to complete the missing sections (in red) and develop any additional participant materials or instructions to assist the group in completing the task.
For assistance with your assignment, please use Web resources, or books. Individual Project Rubric Grading Criteria Percentage Deliverable requirements addressed; understanding of material and writer's
message and intent are clear. 40% Calculation methods, where required, are contextually appropriate, fully explained, and presented in a manner that is easy to understand. 10% External research incorporated in the paper, if any, supports the writer's position properly acknowledged and cited; direct quotations may not exceed 10% of the word count of the body of the assignment deliverable (excluded title page, abstract or table of contents if used, tables, exhibits, appendices, and reference page(s).) Inclusion of plagiarized content will not be tolerated and may result in adverse academic consequences.
5% Critical thinking: Position is well-justified; logical flow; examples provided where appropriate. 20% Structure: Includes introduction and conclusion; proper paragraph format; reads as a polished academic paper or professional presentation, as appropriate for the required assignment deliverable. 10% Mechanical: No spelling, grammatical, or punctuation errors. 10% APA: Deliverable is cited properly according to the APA Publication Manual (6th ed.). 5% SCROLL DOWN FOR OUTLINE INFO NGT
outline CROSS FUNCTIONAL (BY LEVEL) SESSION (for end of day one) GOAL: Organize themes to discuss with total group that identify what we do well and what needs to change.
Assign priorities to these themes: their importance at the specific level of organization for which the cross functional team is composed. Total time available: 2–2 ½ hours. Process nominal group technique: o Describe what NGT is and how it works in general terms. On one page, create your facilitator notes for what you will say and show to the group to complete this task. Present a detailed step-by-step outline—with time frames—for the group to follow in achieving the overall goal. o Describe how you would have the team group items together. (One option would be to use colored markers and have people star like items by color.
Another might be to have people assign common letters to like items starting a new letter for any new common theme.) o Based on the choice you made above, would it be an individual task or a controlled group task? The object is to create as much participation and sharing of valid information to increase understanding and build commitment to the overall result. o These steps will create a list of themes. The following steps will set priorities for all themes that relate to being targets for change. o What voting method would you use? You can assign each person a certain number of ―votes‖ to allocate across the items to set priorities or you can have each person mark each theme with a number or letter that indicates the level of the priority—for example, the ABC priority approach or HML (high, medium, and low priority) or a 1–10 scale where 10 is a key priority and 1 is a very low priority. o How do you summarize the results to create the top 3–5 issues to present to the overall group?
Remember, you may need several rounds of ―voting and discussion‖ to end up with a few key priorities for action. Estimate how much time each would take and how many rounds you feel are necessary Management Science in Healthcare Introduction Boiling Springs Zamora Hospital New Implementation of Management Science Tools More effective and efficient Break-Even, Linear, Assignment, Decision, and Regression Analysis Break- Even, Linear, and Assignment Analyses
Break-Even Analysis Break-Even Description Problem … A new branch of the hospital is opening up and new equipment must be purchased. 3 different versions of the equipment where there is a direct correlation between efficiency of the machine and its costs. Version 1 (fixed cost= 250,000 and variable cost= 3,000)
Version 2 (fixed cost= 150,000 and variable cost= 5,000) Version 3 (fixed cost= 220,000 and variable cost= 3,200) Which version of the new equipment will be most suitable for purchase while minimizing costs?
Break-Even Analysis Calculation Linear Programming Linear Programming Problem Description Problem
… In-patients are not getting enough nutrients in each meal such as Iron, B12, Calcium and too much Cholesterol Constraint 1: The amount of nutrients in a meal at the hospital for cancer patients that need: Iron 20mg, B12 200mg, Calcium 300mg, and (less) Cholesterol 400mg These are the four nutrients that have been identified as needing parameters when planning hospital food meals Linear Programming Calculation Minimize Cost Z= .08x1+.03x2+.06x3+.04x4 X1 Milk X2 Cereal X3 Eggs X4 Bacon Linear Programming Calculation Constraints Constraint (mg) Nutrition 8x1+4x2+2x4 >= Iron x1+5x2+14x3+4X4 >= BX1+2X2+2X3+6X4 >= Calcium x1+25x3+20x4 <= Cholesterol 400 Linear
Programming Calculation Solution Variable Type Value (ounces) Milk Integer 18 Cereal Integer 13 Eggs Integer 0 Bacon Integer 16 Solution Value $2.47 Assignment application Assignment Description Boiling Springs Zamora Hospital has recently seen an increase in x-ray completion times.
Because they pride themselves on efficiency and low rate times, the Director of the radiation department desires to assign technicians to each machine based on the time (in minutes) that it takes for them to complete a x-ray. Because the hospital is, also, focused on cost, Boiling Springs Zamora Hospital desires to know what technicians to assign when minimizing costs based on wages per hour. Based information given, which technician should operate each machine? Time-Based Assignment Calculation X-ray 1 X-ray 2 X-ray 3 X-ray 4 X-ray 5 Tech Tech Tech Tech Tech *Time is in minutes Wages-Based Assignment Calculation Tech 1 is paid $26 per hour Tech 2 is paid $23 per hour Tech 3 is paid $20 per hour Tech 4 is paid $20 per hour Tech 5 is paid $26 per hour X-ray 1 X-ray 2 X-ray 3 X-ray 4 X-ray 5 Tech 1 $4.33
Assignment
Recommendations When minimizing time… Tech 1 should operate X-ray 3 Tech 2 should operate X-ray 4
Tech 3 should operate X-ray 1 Tech 4 should operate X-ray 5 Tech 5 should operate X-ray 2 When minimizing cost… Tech 1 should operate X-ray 1 Tech 2 should operate X-ray 4 Tech 3 should operate X-ray 3 Tech 4 should operate X-ray 5 Tech 5 should operate X-ray 2 Decision Analysis Decision Analysis Description Boiling Springs Zamora Hospital is looking to open a new, smaller branch in a new location.
We want to put a new branch in a completely different city in North Carolina based on the interest rate in the specific building found in that region. The success will depend on the interest rate. Given the percentage of interest rate decreasing, increasing, and remaining stable, which location will produce the most profit? Decision Analysis Calculation Location Decline
$178,900 $133,995 Raleigh $120,680 $135,900 $160,400 $139,445 Asheville $190,420 $150,600 $110,300 $148,465 Gastonia $120,700 $149,700 $120,500 $133,690 Hickory $130,400 $120,790 $110,890 $120,223 Regression analysis Regression Analysis The Boiling Springs Zamora Hospital wants to evaluate variables that may effect the number of times an individual household visits the emergency room.
Variables Expectation Y Number of ER visits X1 Annual Income ($) Positive Relationship (+) X2 Distance from hospital (miles) Negative Relationship (-) Regression Analysis Data Survey # Income Level Distance from hospital (min) # visits/year 1 $14,855. $17,696. $11,603. $14,711. $21,937. $10,695. $24,184. … … … … 99 $214,389. $307,116. Y = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 Hâ‚€: β = 0 Ha: β ≠0 α = .05
Regression Test Low MAD suggests better forecasting Positive correlation of medium strength 35% of sample results can be explained by the model Regression Test Y = 2.69 + (0.*X1) – (0.127*X2) Very low level of significance F means the independent variables highly influenced the Y variable All p-values < .05 level of significance and follow expectations The Hospital Researcher rejects Hâ‚€ and determines that the income and distance from the hospital heavily influence the number of ER visits an individual household makes in a year Regression Recommendations The Boiling Springs Zamora Hospital needs to be aware of the significant impact income and distance from the hospital have on the number of times a household visits the ER.
As income increases, individuals are less likely to be concerned about the costs of visiting the ER and are
more willing to visit for minor needs. As distance from the hospital increases, an individual may decide to visit a closer hospital or local doctor instead. The hospital should advertise their health care provisions more to bring in a larger market of lower income people and improve their ambulance services to reassure farther households their services are capable of reaching farther distances. THE END Cost TypeOption 1Option 2Option 3 Cost 1Fixed250,000$ 150,000$
BREakeven POINTSUnitsDollars Option 1 vs
1 vs
Option 2 vs Option 339$ 344,444$ Value 0 0.8 1.1 1.06 0.35 0.61 0.37 Correlation coefficient Coefficient of determination (r^2) MAPE (Mean Absolute Percent Error) Regression line # visits = 2.69 + 0 * income -0.13 * distance (miles) Statistics Measure Error Measures Bias (Mean Error) MAD (Mean Absolute Deviation) MSE (Mean Squared Error) Standard Error (denom=n-2-1=97) Regression Statistics Multiple R0. R Square0. Adjusted R Square0. Standard Error1. Observations100 ANOVA dfSSMSFSignificance F Regression264....92495E-10 Residual97109.. Total99174.19 CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0% Intercept2....74664E-162.... Income Level1.03012E-051.97139E-065..95373E-076.38855E-061.42139E-056.38855E-061.42139E-05 Distance from hospital (min)-0....70169E-08-0....