Timeline Auctions | Robert the Bruce Seal | December 2014

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ECCLESIASTICAL SEALS 4 December 2014 The Swedenborg Hall 20-21 Bloomsbury Way London WC1A 2TH

Head Office TimeLine Auctions Limited TimeLine House 1 & 2 Arterial Road East Horndon, Brentwood CM13 3LJ, UK Website www.timelineauctions.com Viewing Tuesday 2 December 12 noon to 6 pm Wednesday 3 December 9 am to 10 am

Viewing & Champagne Reception Tuesday 2 December 6 pm to 8 pm Auction Wednesday 3 December 2:45 pm

Bids +44 (0)1277 815121 +44 (0)1708 225689 fax bids@timelineauctions.com Please note that absentee bids can be submitted on our system up to 8 am on Wednesday 3 December 2014, unless submitted by e-mail or in person Bidding by telephone can be arranged for any lot by prior arrangement

CEO Brett Hammond Heads of Departments Antiquities: Brett Hammond Coins: Christopher Wren Collectibles: Shaun Evans Consultants Dr. Ronald Bonewitz (Gemstones & General Antiquities) Peter Bufton (Far Eastern, Islamic & Ethnographic) Peter Clayton, FCILIP, Dip, Arch, FSA, FRNS (Egyptian) Richard Falkiner, FSA (Jewellery & General Antiquities) Bret Gaunt (General Antiquities) Dane Kurth (Greek & Roman Coins & Antiquities) David Miller (Coins & General Antiquities) Stephen Pollington (Anglo-Saxon & Viking Antiquities) Dr. Laura Proffitt (Classical & General Antiquities) Stefany Tomalin (Beads & Associated Jewellery) Italo Vecchi (Coins & General Antiquities) Auctioneers Robin Baker FRNS Sean Kelly (Storage Hunters) Lindsey Gundersen (SKY TV Anchor) Press Desk Edward Fletcher BA (Hons) Head of Photography Denis Cook Catalogue Production & Layout Damir & Davor Radic General Enquiries +44 (0) 1277 815121 enquiries@timelineauctions.com

Sale Number: 37b Catalogue: ÂŁ15

Coins: Tanja Maijala Antiquities: Stephen Pollington Customer Accounts Manager: Helena Penkul Auction Administration: Reginald Brenchley Auction Security: Joshua Davies Please see page 2 for bidder information including after-sale collection Please see pages 238 and 240 for Terms and Conditions and Absentee Bid Form (also downloadable from our website)

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Illustrations Front and back cover: Lot 744

Contents

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Ecclesiastical Seals 4 December 2014: From 2:45 pm (Lot 744-759) King Robert the Bruce of Scotland & Dunfermline Abbey Cokete Seal Matrix Pair Ecclesiastical Seals

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Explanation of Symbols z Lots illustrated on our website, liveauctioneers.com and the-saleroom.com but not in this catalogue Red Title

Lots offered without a reserve

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subject to CITES regulations when exporing outside EU

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VAT payable at 20% on hammer price and buyer's premium

Bidding This is a rostrum auction and there will be live internet bidding through www.the-saleroom.com and www.liveauctioneers.com. The buyer’s premium is 21% inclusive (live internet bidding is subject to additional charge of 3% + VAT). TimeLine Auctions is not responsible for any missed lots or bids due to network speed or down-time. Bidders are reminded that our website carries high-resolution enlargeable colour images of all of the items illustrated in this catalogue, together with items not illustrated in print. An Absentee Bidding Form is included at the back of this catalogue and can be mailed, faxed or emailed, to reach us by no later than 9 pm BST on Monday 1 December 2014. Alternatively, please register on our website and record your absentee bids free of charge via your online account: www.timelineauctions.com. Please do not consider your commission form to have been successfully logged unless you have received an acknowledgement from us.

Collection and Storage All lots will be available for collection from The Swedenborg Hall up to 7 pm on the day of the sale, after which time they will be sent for storage.

Lots will be available to collect from our Essex premises from Monday 8 December 2014, after which storage charges may apply.

Notice to Buyers Some lots will require export licences in order to leave the UK or EU, please contact us for advice if required. We try to provide information regarding general condition, restorations, repairs and damage for each lot but this is necessarily subjective. The absence of specific information does not imply that the lot is free from defects or that it is in good condition. Bidders should satisfy themselves in all respects by personal inspection before bidding. Estimate ranges are provided for general information only and are given in Pounds Sterling (£); and for antiquities, approximate equivalents in Euros (EUR) and US Dollars (USD). Hammer prices may fall outside the ranges indicated. All bids and payments must be made in Pounds Sterling (£). Please be aware that items containing restricted animal-derived material such as coral or ivory will need a specialist CITIES export license to leave the EU. How to Find the Auction Venue The Swedenborg Hall is located in the heart of London, aproximately 200 metres from Great Russell Street and the British Museum.

The nearest London Underground stations are Holborn and Russell Square.

Local Hotels There are several hotels within a short walking distance, including The Holiday Inn and The Thistle Hotel in Bloomsbury.

Seal of the Regality of the Abbey of Dunfermline

Ecclesiastical Seals Lots 744 - 759

Ecclesiastical Seals

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King Robert the Bruce of Scotland and Dunfermline Abbey Cokete Seal Matrix Pair

The use of seals, are essentially implements or tools for impressing a design into clay or wax to validate a document, to identify the sender, or to prevent interference, was first attested in ancient Mesopotamia, where cylinder seals were commonplace. The Egyptians used seals, often in the form of a scarab, on the doors of tombs and as signets; the Romans and Byzantines used personal and official seals extensively, and Chinese imperial officials took great pride in their large seals of jade. Seals have always been items of status, produced for an individual person, office, or institution and carefully protected.

Some are of generic and simple design, others are very complex and may be inscribed with the name and titles of the bearer, an invocation to gods, an assertion of rights or another sentiment; some convey a curse on anyone interfering with them. Intaglio gemstones and other materials were also used as seals or incoporated in their fabric. In Britain and in continental Europe, the use of seals as a 'signature' and to validate documents became de rigeur for all levels of society from the middle Saxon period onwards. Royal seals on charters and grants, seals of cities, corporations, boroughs and religious foundations, seals of office, and personal seals confirming commercial or legal documents were both highly recognisable and esteemed. Many bore easily identifiable iconography at a time when few ordinary people were literate.

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Seals were also made and used where certain rights had been assumed or conferred. The practise of a monarch to allow a borough or church institution the right to collect and use revenues from customs duties or taxes, for example, is reflected in the use of 'cokete' seals.

Such a seal for Dunfermline Abbey is offered in this sale; it was used to indicate that the taxes or duties payable on goods had been paid over to the Abbey. These rights might be granted by a monarch for limited periods or purposes, such as that granted to the 'Mayor and Community' of Waterford by Richard II in 1388 for a period of three years for the purpose of building or maintaining the walls and defences for the city (see Patent Roll, 12 Richard II) or in perpetuity, such as that to Dunfermline Abbey as a religious offering to the church and to God. Other examples known for Scotland include that for the Regality of Melrose (14th century AD), Inverness and Cromerty, Strathearn (in the person of the Earl of Strathearn, 14th century AD) and the City of St Andrews (16th century). In Scotland, especially, the obscure term 'cokete' has historically been applied since at least the 13th century AD to a 'seal of the customs house' or a document bearing such a seal as evidence that customs duties had been paid. It was usual for a 'Clerk of the Cokete' to be appointed to hold the seal and authorised to issue customs documents. It has been reasonably suggested that the name comes from the Latin phrase 'quo quiets est' (by which he is quit) which are the normal last or closing words on a customs house receipt of the Medieval period.

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Ecclesiastical Seals

For abbeys, monasteries, hospitals and other religious centres, seals were made for the institution itself (often referred to as 'communities'), specifically for officials serving that institution in a particular position or office (such as the 13th century seal of the almoner of St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, offered as lot 1013 in the TimeLine Auctions sale of 30th May 2014) and for individuals associated with it. In general, the larger and more impressive the seal, the greater the importance of the institution or the higher the rank of the individual.

The legal phrase 'signed, sealed and delivered' confirmed the legitimacy and authority of any transaction document.

A high ranking church official might have the use of several seals; he might hold the primary seal of the institution, used on documents of high importance for the body as a whole; he would also have had a seal for his use in his office generally, plus a personal seal (often circular) for private use or used as a 'counter' seal to further validate the document.

The manufacture of seal matrices was a specialist occupation (by 'sigillarii') and, from about the middle 13th century onwards, the most commonly used material was a copper alloy. Most seals for institutions and important rights are circular and of large size, whilst most office or personal seals for clerics and churchmen were vesica (pointed oval) in shape. Large and important seals were usually made in pairs and used in a press to form the large wax seal impression over a strip of parchment by which it was attached to the document.

In Britain during the medieval period, the material used for receiving the seal impression was a mixture of beeswax, often with pine resin added, and a coloured filler, usually red or green.

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Ecclesiastical Seals

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ROBERT THE BRUCE & DUNFERMLINE ABBEY Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, was born 11 July 1174 and acceded to the throne in 1306. He is revered to Scots as perhaps the most important figure in the history of Scottish independence. He was a great-grandson of David I and, with William Wallace and others, revolted against the English under Edward I. He was a Guardian of Scotland among other claimants to the throne and, in 1302, agreed a peace with Edward I. On the death of his father in 1304, Robert resumed his claim to the Scottish throne and, after killing John Comyn and being excommunicated, he was crowned at Scone on 25 March 1306. He had mixed fortunes against the English, losing a battle and fleeing the country before returning in 1307 and defeating the English at Loudoun Hill. The death of Edward I and the succession of the weak Edward II in England in 1307 allowed Robert to continue to establish his reign and authority by defeating other claimants to the throne until he held his first parliament in 1309, at St Andrews; continued fighting over the next few years established his control over most of Scotland. His greatest war triumph came when he defeated the much larger English army, under Edward II, at Bannockburn in June 1314 and this allowed him to threaten large parts of northern England. He recaptured Berwick in 1318, long a bone of contention between England and Scotland. The culmination of his reign was the recognition by the Pope of Robert as undisputed king and of Scotland as an independant nation; in 1327, by the Treaty of EdinburghNorthampton, Edward III finally renounced the English claim to rule Scotland. Robert died in 1329, his heart was buried in Melrose Abbey and his body in Dunfermline Abbey, with which he had so long been associated; his tomb is today marked by a magnificant brass.

Queen Margaret, descended from pre-Norman kings of Wessex and England, was married to King Malcolm III of Scotland in 1070. She founded Dunfermline Abbey in 1072 and in 1250, she was canonised.

As St. Margaret, her worship was enshrined at Dunfermline Abbey, which fictively claimed that Margaret herself had founded the monastic community and went so far as to create a ‘foundation charter’ in her name. Margaret was born in exile in Hungary along with her brother Edgar Ætheling, (circa 1051–circa 1126), the children of Edward the exiled King of England. She returned to England in 1057 with her kinsmen, but had to flee to Scotland after the Norman invasion of England of 1066. She was noted for her charitable works, including the establishment of a ferry across the Firth of Forth for pilgrims travelling to Dunfermline Abbey, after which the towns of South Queensferry and North Queensferry took their names. She was the mother of three later kings of Scotland and a queen consort of England.

Shortly after his accession to the throne in 1124, David I raised the Church of the Holy Trinity, at Dunfermline, to the rank and dignity of an Abbey, and translated to it a colony of 13 Benedictine monks from Canterbury, in England - this carrying out the pious wishes of his deceased brother and predecessor. In 1124 the monastic community of Dunfermline thus numbered 13 Culdees (non-monastic devotees) and 13 Benedictine monks. King Robert I had a longstanding connection with the abbey of Dunfermline. After his death, possibly from leprosy, the king was buried there, beneath what was then the centre of the church, below the high altar and next to his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh, but not before his heart was removed and buried at Melrose Abbey. His tomb, lost for centuries, was rediscovered during building works at the abbey in 1818 when workmen uncovered a sealed vault containing a decayed oak lead-lined coffin, still draped in shreds of gold cloth. The king’s skeleton was reburied, with some ceremony, the following year and still rests within the abbey, which now bears the legend ‘KING ROBERT THE BRUCE’ around its rebuilt eastern tower.

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Ecclesiastical Seals

Provenance

Property of a London gentleman; previously with Ebenezer Henderson, before 1878 (see his Annals of Dunfermline, p.766 where he lists items related to Dunfermline, including these matrices, then in his possession); by inheritance from S. Henderson after 1867; by presentation from the Hon. Sir William Ogilvie, 2nd February 1867; exhibited at the library of the Society of Advocates, early 19th century (possibly by Ogilvie or his father); referred to by Laing (see below) in 1850 as having “been in possession of the writer of the Annals for a great many years”. Accompanied by the Art Loss Register certificate reference number 1418AR. John Graham Dalyell (1775-1851), son of Sir Robert Dalyell, 4th Baronet, was an advocate, naturalist, author and antiquary, a member of the Society of Arts for Scotland (president, 1839-1840); the seal matrices are recorded as having been kept in the library of the Society of Advocates, Edinburgh, of which he was a member, in the late 18thearly 19th century period.

William Ogilvie, Baronet of Nova Scotia (succeeded to the title on the death of his father, 1824), of Carnoustie, presented the seal matrices to S. Henderson (father of Ebenezer Henderson) in 1867.

Dr. Ebenezer Henderson (1800-1879), of Muckhart, was the son of a Dunfermline watchmaker. As a boy he displayed a great taste for the scientific study which subsequently gained him the position of importance which he occupied in scientific and literary circles; he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical and Royal Antiquarian Societies, while a degree of LL.D was conferred on him by an American college. His work on the Annals of Dunfermline (published 1879, in which he confirms that the matrices were in his possession from at least 1878) greatly influenced the government’s decision, in 1856, to recognise Dunfermline as a city. In recognition of his valuable services he was made a Freeman of the City of Dunfermline in 1859.

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Ecclesiastical Seals

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744 KING ROBERT THE BRUCE OF SCOTLAND AND DUNFERMLINE ABBEY COKETE SEAL MATRIX PAIR Commissioned to be cut 10th July 1322 AD The Cokete Seal of Dunfermline Abbey matrix pair, contained in a hinged wooden box with velvet-lined recesses and labels; the seal matrix in two parts with locating posts (these inserted and soldered in place) and sockets; the obverse matrix (with posts) depicting (reversed and incuse) St. Margaret, founder and benefactress of the abbey, in robe and crown with a sceptre, between two heater shields bearing the royal arms of Scotland (a lion rampant within a double tressure) and the arms of Dunfermline Abbey (a cross moline among five martlets) with the Lombardic legend to the border +S’ COKETE REGALITATIS DE DVNFERMELYNN (Cokete Seal of the Regality

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of Dunfermline); the reverse (counterseal) matrix with heater shield within foliage depicting the royal arms of Scotland and border with the Lombardic legend +ROBERTVS DEI GRACIA REX SCOTORVM (Robert, by the Grace of God, King of the Scots) with floral ornament and quatrefoil stops; the antique, custom made, wooden box with old paper and ink label to the lid with monochrome depiction of the counterseal; also with paper labels to the inside of the box with handwritten text ‘The Cokete Seal of the Regality of Dunfermline presented to S. Henderson by Hon. W. Ogilvie - Cowden’s Muck(h)art 2nd February 1867’ and ‘The Cokete Seal of the Regality of Dunfermline A.D. 1323 - Vide Dalyells Monastic Antiquities page 72:

Ecclesiastical Seals

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- Mercers History of Dunfermline page 63 Chalmers’s History of Dunfermline no.1 page 253 (E. Henderson 2 Feb. 1867)’; also with inked date ‘Feby 2d 1867’; offered with original editions of three books (listed below) which refer to this matrix pair and a bound set of research notes. 337 grams total, matrices 55mm diameter, case 87mm square (Matrices 2¼, case 3½"). Extremely fine condition; unobtrusive ancient hairline edge cracks from use to obverse seal.

Unique and very important. £80,000 - 120,000 EUR 101,500 - 152,250 USD 128,310 - 192,470

Footnotes

A Cokete Seal was used by customs officials. Seal matrices were important artefacts with legal standing; they were kept securely and would normally be destroyed when obsolete or damaged; this pair show signs of usage wear and the beginnings of cracking at the edges resulting from the pressures exerted when used in a seal press to force the beeswax mixture fully into the design recesses. It is possible that the pair was discarded from use when the damage became evident but before the matrix broke and it was then inadvertently preserved.

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Ecclesiastical Seals

Contemporary documents: 1) Robert the Bruce royal charter of 1315 AD to Dunfermline Abbey: "Robert, by the grace of God King of Scots, to all upright men in his whole land, greeting: Know ye that, for the safety of our own soul and that of our predecessors and successors, Kings of Scotland, we have given, granted, and by this our present Charter, have confirmed to God, the Blessed Mary the Virgin, the Church of the Holy Trinity, and St. Margaret, Queen of Dunfermlyn, and to the monks serving and to serve God for ever in the same, the right of patronage of the vicar Church of Inverkeithing, with the pertinents, as freely and quietly, fully, peacefully, and honourably as the predecessors formerly of Roger de Moubray, knight, who had forfeited it to us, have held and possessed the said right of patronage most freely, quietly, and honourably in all things, by rendering to us nothing therefore by only the suffrages of their prayers: Besides, we give and grant, and, by this our present charter, confirm to the foresaid monks, the whole of our new great Customs from all their lands within our kingdom, viz., the land of the burghs of Dunfermlyne, Kirkcaldy, Musselburgh, and Queensferry, and from all their other lands whatsoever; To also let the said monks have and use their own Koketa, according to the liberties of their regality, and our present concession in all their foresaid lands; and let this Koketa be acknowledged and admitted by all burgesses and our people, and foreign merchants throughout our whole kingdom, without obstruction from our chamberlains, or other servants of ours whatsoever for the time being, without petition from any other allocation of liberation, by finding for this our donation and concession of the said Customs for us and our successors, in honour of God and the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the aforesaid Blessed Margaret in the Choir in front of her shrine, one wax candle solemnly lighted, continually and forever. In testimony whereof we have caused our seal to be attached to our present Charter, these fathers being witnesses. William, and William, Bishops of St. Andrews and Dunkeld; Bernard, our Chancellor, the Abbot of Aberborthick; Duncan and Thomas Randolph, of Fife" (Registrum de Dunfermelyn, No. 346, p.232-233);

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2) Royal writ of Robert the Bruce dated 10th July, 1322 to the Magistrates of Bruges: "Robert, by the Grace of God, King of the Scots, wishes prosperity and a continual increase of happiness to our very dear friends, the Magistrates and Ministers of the Burgh, and the whole community of the City of Bruges, Know ye, that from a regard to Divine charity, we have granted to the religious men, the Abbot and Convent of Dunfermline, our Monks, the whole of our large Customs from all their lands within our kingdom, in free, pure, and perpetual alms; wherefore we have thought, wherever and whenever your merchants with their merchandise, shall present to you in due form the seal of the said religious men, your whole community should be requested to be careful to receive it as our own proper Seal. In testimony whereof we send you these our letters patent. Given at Scone, on the tenth day of July, in the sixteenth of our reign” (Registrum de Dunfermelyn, No. 596, p.415; Fernie’s Hist. Dunf. pp.195-196; Mercer's The History of Dunfermline from the Earliest Records Down to the Present Time, pp.306-307); 3) For the year 1322 AD, from the records of Dunfermline Abbey: "The Cocquet Seal of the Regality Court of Dunfermline was engraven this year by sanction of King Robert the Bruce, by Chapter, dated at Scone, 10th July, 1322, along with letters patent to all who paid customs at Bruges, in Flanders, or elsewhere, notifying that wherever this Seal was in due form produced, it was to be recognised as the authority for collecting the customs granted to the Abbey by the King, &c."

4) Great Customs of Dunfermline. Robert the Bruce intimated, by Charter, to his Great Chamberlain, that the Abbey had a gift of the Great Customs of Wool, Skins, and Leather, arising from their own lands and men throughout the whole kingdom. This Charter is dated “Forfar, 10th September, 1322.” (Registrum de Dunfermelyn, p. 247, No. 362; Dal. Mon. An. p. 20, also p. 252, No. 369.)

Ecclesiastical Seals

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Published citations:

1) Dalyell, John Graham, A Tract Chiefly Relative to Monastic Antiquities, with Some Account of a Recent Search for the Remains of the Scottish Kings Interred in the Abbey of Dunfermline, Edinburgh, 1809, pp.72-73 and plate (illustrating a lead impression of the obverse) - with an original edition of this book.

2) Mercer, Andrew, The History of Dunfermline from the Earliest Records Down to the Present Time, Dunfermline, 1828, p.63, footnote.

3) Chalmers, Rev. Peter, History of Dunfermline, Blackwood & sons, 1844, vol. 1, p.253.

4) Laing, Henry Descriptive Catalogue of Impressions from Scottish Seals, Edinburgh, 1850, pp.215-216, numbers 1190 and 1191 ("This and the counter seal following, are fine and interesting specimens, in most excellent preservation. The design of this one is an elegant fulllength figure of Saint Margaret, with an open crown of three points.

In her right hand she holds a scepter, and a book in her left. At the dexter side is a shield bearing the arms of Scotland, and at the sinister another, with a cross fleury between five martlets, being the paternal arms of the Queen. The back-ground is elegantly ornamented with foliage. S COKETE REGALITATIS DE DVMFERMLYN. Counter Seal of the last. Merely containing the arms of Scotland. Foliage surrounds the shield. ROBERTVS DEI GRACIA REX SCOTORVM". This seal is and has been in possession of the writer of the Annals for a great many years") - with an original edition of this book.

5) Dunfermline Press, Dunfermline, Thursday, 1 September 1859, cols. 6-7, report of the Presentation of the Freedom of the City and Dinner to Dr. Henderson (wherein his speech mentions the Cokete Seal, among others) - with a printout of the newspaper article.

6) Henderson, Dr. Ebenezer, Annals of Dunfermline, Glasgow, 1879, pp.107-147 and 766 (for a list of items in the possession of the author) - with an original edition of this book.

7) Birch, Walter de Gray, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts at the British Museum, British Museum, 1895, vol. IV, numbers 15,512 (a contemporary red wax impression) and 15,513 (19th century sulphur casts from these matrices) - with a copy of these entries.

8) National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, reference K.1999.802 (19th century sulphur cast of the obverse matrix), with a printed image of this cast; Literature

Harvey, P. D. A. and McGuiness, Andrew, A Guide to British Medieval Seals, British Library and Public Record Office, 1996, pp.41-42 and fig 36 (for brief discussion of customs service and cokete seals, illustrated with an example for Inverness and Cromarty); see TimeLine Auctions, 19 June 2013, lot 1322 (part) for an electrotype of a cokete seal for Winchester.

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Ecclesiastical Seals

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745 MEDIEVAL ‘ALEXANDER OF THORPE’ VESICA SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio design of a robed figure standing beneath a tracery arch with raised hand, a chalice on altar before; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘S’ ALEXSANDRI DE TORPI’ (seal of Alexander of Thorpe [-in-Balne]); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.

7.08 grams, 33mm (1½"). Very fine condition. £400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760 USD 640 - 960 Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found Thorpe-in-Balne, near Doncaster, Yorkshire, UK.

745

746 MEDIEVAL MADONNA AND CHILD VESICA SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A large bronze seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio design of Madonna and Child (Mary and Jesus) within a trefoil arch with cross above, a smaller arch below between towers with supplicant figure of a praying tonsured monk; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘S’ CONVENTVS F R M PREDICATORUM VRG’ M’ (seal of the convention ... of the preachers of the Virgin Mary?); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 18 grams, 46mm (1¾"). Very fine condition. £1,200 - 1,800 EUR 1,520 - 2,280 USD 1,920 - 2,890 Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found near Rochester, Kent, UK.

746

747 MEDIEVAL ‘KING OF THE ENGLISH NATION’ SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank and loop above; intaglio design of a standing crowned figure of the king holding a sceptre and with an eagle to his side, above a robed supplicant figure praying; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘A[V?E?] REX GENTIS ANGLORV’ ([hail?] king of the English nation); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 3.71 grams, 20mm (¾"). Very fine condition. £600 - 900 EUR 760 - 1,140 USD 960 - 1,440

747

Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found near Blyth, Northumberland, UK.

748 MEDIEVAL ‘ST HELENA’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of a robed standing female figure holding a cross with head inclined towards a robed kneeling figure praying in a field of trefoils; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘*SC HELENA.PRO.ME.ORA‘ (‘Saint Helena pray for me); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.

11 grams, 26mm (1"). Very fine condition. £400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760 USD 640 - 960 748

Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found Firle, East Sussex, UK.

749 MEDIEVAL ‘JOHN OF MESSINGHAM’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank and quatrefoil loop above; intaglio design of Madonna and Child (Mary and Jesus) with tree within an arch, lateral towers and stars above, kneeling supplicant in panel beneath; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘S’IOH’ISDEMESSINGHAM’ (seal of John of Messingham); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 8.71 grams, 23mm (1"). Very fine condition. £500 - 800 EUR 630 - 1,010 USD 800 - 1,280 749

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Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found near Louth, Lincolnshire, UK.

Ecclesiastical Seals

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750 MEDIEVAL ‘HALDARD’ CORPUS CHRISTI OVAL SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank, collar and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of the crucifixion in one arch and Madonna and Child (Mary and Jesus) in the other, a robed supplicant beneath with chalice; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘MATER QV[...] HALDARD’ (mother [of God?] ...Haldard); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 20 grams, 33mm (1¼"). Very fine condition. £400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760 USD 640 - 960 Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found Gringley-on-the-Hill, Nottinghamshire, UK.

750

751 MEDIEVAL ‘ST CATHERINE’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank and trefoil loop above; the intaglio design of a facing female figure holding a spoked and spiked wheel, a frond to each side; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘*SAVNCACATERINA’ (Saint Catherine); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.

13 grams, 27mm (1"). Extremely fine condition. £300 - 500 EUR 380 - 630 USD 480 - 800 Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found Norfolk, UK.

751

752 MEDIEVAL ‘ST CATHERINE’ CIRCULAR SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank and quatrefoil loop above; intaglio design of a quatrefoil with a tressure of arches, within which a facing female figure with a spiked wheel in her left hand and robed kneeling figure praying at her side; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘CATINA:VIRGO:DIVINA:CLEMENT[IS]S[I]MA’ (Catherine the most merciful divine virgin); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 16 grams, 29mm (1¼"). Extremely fine condition. £600 - 900 EUR 760 - 1,140 USD 960 - 1,440

752

Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found Thaxted, Essex, UK.

753 MEDIEVAL ‘QUEEN OF MERCY’ VESICA SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze seal matrix with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio design of a haloed facing Madonna and Child (Mary and Jesus) and robed supplicant figure praying below, beneath an arch; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘+SALVE REGINA MISERICORDE’ (Save [me] O Queen of Mercy); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 11 grams, 35mm (1½"). Very fine condition. £500 - 800 EUR 630 - 1,010 USD 800 - 1,280 Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found near Canterbury, Kent, UK.

753

754 MEDIEVAL ‘ST JOHN THE BAPTIST’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank, collar and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of a standing figure of St John within an arcade with trefoils and tracery holding a circular object; a kneeling supplicant figure before, to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘ECCExAGNVSxDEI’ (Behold, the Lamb of God’); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 15 grams, 29mm (1¼"). Fine condition, small chip to edge. £200 - 300 EUR 250 - 380 USD 320 - 480 Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found Worcester, Worcestershire, UK.

754

13

Ecclesiastical Seals

TimeLine Auctions

755 MEDIEVAL ‘GABRIEL AND MARY ANNUNCIATION’ VESICA SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD

755

A bronze seal matrix with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio design of a double arch with central balustered column and abbey buildings above, a winged male figure (Gabriel) in one arch addressing a facing robed female (Mary) in the other, a tonsured supplicant below with hands raised; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘MISS:EST GABRIEL AD MARI’ (Gabriel is sent to Mary); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.

6.73 grams, 31mm (1¼"). Very fine condition. £600 - 900 EUR 760 - 1,140 USD 960 - 1,440 Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found near Jervaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, UK.

756 MEDIEVAL ‘ST. STEPHEN’ CIRCULAR SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD

756

A bronze ‘chess piece’ stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank, collar and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of a standing robed figure holding stones with fronds in the field; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘*SANCTVS-STEFANVS’ (Saint Stephen); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.

22 grams, 34mm (1½"). Extremely fine condition. £1,000 - 1,500 EUR 1,270 - 1,900 USD 1,600 - 2,410 Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found near Boston, Lincolnshire, UK.

757 MEDIEVAL ‘ST PETER’ VESICA SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze stamp seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio design of a standing St. Peter, facing, holding a book and a key, stars and crescents in the field; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘TV ES PETRVS ET SVP HAC PETRA’ (you are the rock and on this rock); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 11 grams, 31mm (1¼"). Extremely fine condition. £800 - 1,200 EUR 1,010 - 1,520 USD 1,280 - 1,920 757

Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found Blyth, Northumberland, UK.

758 MEDIEVAL ‘ST ANDREW’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze stamp seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio design of St. Andrew facing, tied to a saltire cross; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘S’ WILI’.CADELLANI+ANDREA:PIE’ (seal of William Cadellan, Andrew [the pious?]); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 11 grams, 26mm (1").

Extremely fine condition. £1,800 - 2,400 EUR 2,280 - 3,040 USD 2,890 - 3,850 758

Provenance Acquired in the 1970s; found Dalton-le-Dale, County Durham, UK.

759 MEDIEVAL ‘ST JOHN THE BAPTIST’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX 14th century AD A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank, collar and loop above; intaglio design of a facing nimbate figure of St John standing with frond and holding a miniature lamband-flag icon; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘ECCE AGNVS D[?]EI’ (Behold, the lamb of God); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 11 grams, 28mm (1").

Very fine condition. £400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760 USD 640 - 960 759

14

Provenance Acquired in the 1970’s; found Knapton, Yorkshire, UK.

TimeLine Auctions

Terms & Conditions Important Notices & Cataloguing Protocols 1. Interpretations and Definitions: the following terms generally apply within these Terms and Conditions; other terms are defined within specific sections following: Auctioneer – the firm TimeLine Auctions Ltd (“TimeLine” hereafter) or its authorised auctioneer.

Agent – a person acting on behalf of another.

Auction – a sale event whether taking place live in real-time or of extended duration (Timed Auction).

Bid – a sum offered by a Bidder to purchase the Lot. Bidder – the person offering a Bid. Buyer – the person who the Lot is knocked down to.

Buyer’s Premium – the percentage of the Hammer Price payable in addition by the Buyer.

Date of Sale – the date on which the Auctioneer knocks down the Lot. Hammer Price – the amount of the winning bid when knocked down by the auctioneer to a Bidder.

Knock(ed/ing) Down – the act of the Auctioneer in bringing the Hammer down to complete the sale of the Lot to the Buyer submitting the highest bid.

Lot – the goods for sale.

Net Proceeds – the Hammer Price less the Selling Commission and any charges or expenses levied at TimeLine’s discretion.

Purchase Price – the total sum due for any Lot, including the Hammer Price, the Buyer’s Premium, any internet bidding fees, any shipping charges, taxes, duties or any other costs payable to TimeLine.

Reserve Price – the minimum Hammer Price at which a Lot may be knocked down.

Seller – the person offering the Lot for sale.

Title – legal rights of ownership of the Lot. 2. Application: the singular includes the plural and vice versa and any reference to ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’ applies to all of them.

3. Dimensions and weights: all dimensions and weights are approximate and are for general guidance only; a single dimension given is normally the greatest dimension for the piece(s).

4. Condition: items are briefly described with respect to condition using various phrases to signify the overall and general condition.

It should be noted that items having significant age, sometimes being very ancient, often show minor blemishes and defects and these are considered to be normal and would not be individually described. Phrases used include: Restored - may be repaired or otherwise reinstated; possibly with some areas replaced; Fair Condition - may be fragmentary or obviously damaged; Fine Condition - usually essentially complete but may have minor damage or show restoration or repair; Very Fine Condition - usually complete and in good condition; may have some minor damage, restoration or repair; and Extremely Fine Condition - complete and better than average condition, without significant repair or restoration.

5. Dating: dates may be given in several forms, as examples below: 527 AD - an item that bears a date upon it or that can otherwise be dated with precision; 6th century AD - an item that can be dated with considerable confidence to a specific period; Circa 6th century AD - an item that can be approximately dated by comparison with other pieces; Probably 6th century AD - an item that is likely to be of this period in the light of similar pieces; Possibly 6th century AD - an item that might be of this period by comparison with items of a broadly similar character; and Undated - no date is known or suggested for the piece.

6. Attributions: works of art attributions may be given in several forms, as examples below: Signed – a work bearing the signature of the named artist; Attributed to – a work of the period of the artist which may be in whole or in part the work of the artist named; Circle of – a work of the period of the artist and showing his influence; Follower of – a contemporary or nearly so work executed in the style of the artist; Manner of – a work executed in the style of the artist but of a later date; and After – a copy of any date of a work of the artist.

7. Other Descriptive Matters: some other words or phrases are used descriptively, as examples below: Style - an item made in the style of an earlier age but thought to be probably of later date.

Archaistic - an item made in the style of a much earlier age; Grand Tour - an item usually of some age but in the style of an earlier age; After the Antique - an item made as a reproduction, usually of quite modern date; and Faux - used descriptively when the material used is probably imitative in character.

8. Lots including Archaeological or Cultural Property: a UK export licence from the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, is required for all Lots originating from UK soil or territory leaving the UK and for such Lots of non-UK origin when leaving the EU. TimeLine will make applications for the necessary Cultural Property Export Licence as a ‘free of charge’ service to Buyers.

Clients are advised to check concerning any Regulations applicable in their country of residence regarding importation and to enquire prior to bidding. The deferment of any Export Licence shall not be reason to cancel any bid nor to delay payment.

9. Lots including materials from Endangered Species: a CITES licence will be required for the export from the UK of any item(s)

made of or containing materials such as ivory, tortoiseshell, rhinoceros horn, whalebone, etc. Clients are advised to check concerning any Regulations applicable in their country of residence regarding importation.

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11. Basis of Contract: these terms and conditions apply to the exclusion of any other terms that the Seller or Buyer seeks to impose or incorporate, or which are implied by trade, custom, practice or course of dealing. (a) In consideration for TimeLine accepting goods for sale, the Seller agrees to be bound by these terms and conditions. (b) In consideration for TimeLine accepting a Buyer’s bid at the Auction, the Buyer agrees to be bound by these terms and conditions. (c) As auctioneer, TimeLine acts solely for and in the interest of the Seller only. TimeLine does not act for or give advice to Buyers.

Buying at TimeLine Auctions 12. General Conduct of Auction: TimeLine shall have absolute discretion as to lots offered for sale, lots withdrawn and the conduct of any Auction. TimeLine shall have absolute discretion to refuse entry, decline bids and expel any person from the Auction whether present in person or by agent or proxy or attending by way of any electronic media or telecommunications.

13. Viewing: all prospective Bidders are advised to view any Lot(s) prior to bidding. Public viewing arrangements will be advised in advance of the Date of Sale and private viewing can be arranged at the TimeLine premises by appointment.

14. Lot Descriptions: all Lots are offered ‘as seen’ and ‘as is’. The Buyer is obligated to make all and any enquiries he wishes as to the accuracy and authenticity of any sale description and the principle of caveat emptor applies except where expressly excluded by operation of law. TimeLine does not make or give any guarantee, warranty or representation or undertake any duty of care in relation to the description, illustrations or photographs of any Lot, including condition, quality, provenance, authenticity, background, style, period, age, origin, value and estimated selling price.

15. Condition Reports: more detailed appraisals of the condition of any Lot are available on request. Bidders/Buyers should note that reports are provided as a service to interested clients.

Descriptions therein are not warranties and all Lots are offered ‘as seen’ and ‘as is’.

16. Estimates: estimates are for general guidance only and Lots may sell outside their range. Buyers must make their own assessment as to the value of any Lot and conduct their bidding accordingly.

17. Reserves: Lots may be subject to a Reserve set by the Seller, at a level not exceeding the low estimate, below which Reserve bids cannot be accepted.

18. Buyer’s Premium: the general Buyer’s Premium is 21% (VAT inclusive) for Bidders attending the Auction, for telephone Bidders and for Absentee Bids placed through TimeLine and is payable on the Hammer Price for every Lot. For Bidders using the liveauctioneers.com or the-saleroom.com internet bidding service or any other service that might be provided, the Buyer’s Premium shall be 24% (VAT inclusive, to include the additional bidding service charge).

19. Registration and Bidding: all prospective bidders must register their personal details with TimeLine before bidding and a Bidder Number will be allocated for their exclusive use; prospective Bidders may be asked to provide proof of identity and address.

TimeLine reserves its right to refuse any Bidder or any Bid at its discretion. The Bidder Number must be shown by Bidders to the Auctioneer when placing a bid and by the successful Bidder when the Lot is knocked down. The auctioneer shall conduct the Auction at his sole discretion for all matters, accept Bids from any source and may exercise bids on behalf of Absentee Bidders or on behalf of Sellers up to any Reserve. Bidding shall be in pounds sterling only and generally in accordance with the increments set out below: (a) £0 to £99 – in increments of £5 (b) £100 to £199 – in increments of £10 (c) £200 to £499 – in increments of £20 (d) £500 to £999 – in increments of £50 (e) £1000 to £1999 – in increments of £100 (f) £2000 to £4999 – in increments of £200 (g) £5000 to £9999 – in increments of £500 (h) £10000 to £19999 – in increments of £1000 (i) £20000 to £49999 – in increments of £2000 (j) £50000 to £99999 – in increments of £5000 (k) £100000 to £249999 – in increments of £10000 (l) £250000 and up – in minimum increments of £20000 20. Absentee Bidding: Registered Bidders may leave Absentee Bids in advance of a live Auction directly through the TimeLine website or in writing by mail, email, fax or other delivery means and will be automatically exercised at the Reserve Price or at one bid increment above any competing Bid up to the submitted maximum Bid amount.

21. Commission Bidding: while Bidders are advised to attend the Auction and to bid in person, TimeLine will accept written instructions in advance of a live Auction from a Registered Bidder

to personally execute bids on behalf of the Bidder up to a stated maximum. Unlimited bids or bids to ‘buy’ will not be accepted. In the event of identical bids being received from more than one Bidder, the earliest received will have priority. TimeLine offers this as a free service for live Auctions but no liability is accepted for any errors in bidding or in the event that a bid is not placed; a deposit may be required.

22. Internet Bidding: live, real-time bidding is available to Bidders through the independent bidding services at liveauctioneers.com or the-saleroom.com for all live Auctions. Bidders intending to use an internet bidding service must Register in advance with that service and a separate additional charge is payable to TimeLine through the increased Buyer’s Premium applicable to internet bidding; it is entirely the responsibility of the Bidder using any bidding service to ensure that Bids are made accurately; Bids cannot be retracted once made and are binding on the Bidder in all circumstances. TimeLine are not responsible for any technical failure or otherwise which results in bids not being received.

23. Telephone Bidding: facilities for telephone bidding are available at live Auctions at the discretion of TimeLine for Bidders on Lots with a low estimate in excess of £400 and must be booked and confirmed in advance. It is a condition for acceptance by TimeLine of any telephone bidding request that the Bidder undertakes to execute a minimum Bid at the low estimate sum.

TimeLine offers telephone bidding as a free service but no liability is accepted for any errors or in the event that a connection cannot be made or is interrupted before the Lot is knocked down.

24. Agents: all Bidders making Bids through any means shall be deemed to be acting as principal in their bidding and shall be directly and fully liable for all Bid amounts, Buyer’s Premium and any other charges or costs. If any prospective Bidder wishes to appoint a person to bid on their behalf, then this must be agreed and authorised in writing by TimeLine in advance of the Auction; a deposit may be required.

25. Value Added Tax: VAT is charged and invoiced on an inclusive basis, under the Auctioneer’s Margin Scheme on all Buyers’ Premiums and other charges. Where marked with a ‘dagger’ (†) symbol VAT will be payable on the Hammer Price in addition.

26. Payment: the Purchase Price becomes due and payable when the auctioneer knocks the Lot down. (a) The full Purchase Price must be paid in Pounds Sterling and can be made by cash up to the value of £7,000, cheque from a UK bank (subject to clearance), bank transfer (for transfers from outside the UK, subject to payment of a £10 transaction fee), bank debit card or credit card (subject to a transaction fee of 3% of the invoice total amount). (b) Unless agreed by TimeLine in writing in advance of the Auction, the Buyer must be pay to TimeLine by no later than 4.30pm on the third working day following the Date of Sale the full Purchase Price.

27. Title, Risk and Insurance: Title to any Lot is retained by the Seller until the Purchase Price and all other sums payable by the Buyer to TimeLine have been paid in full in cleared funds to TimeLine; at this point, Title will transfer from the Seller to the Buyer. Risk for the Lot passes to the Buyer at the time the Lot is knocked down to the Bidder. TimeLine does not hold property insured after the Lot has been knocked down.

28. Collection of Lots: Once the Buyer has paid the Purchase Price in full, TimeLine will release the Lot to the Buyer for collection. The Buyer must collect, or arrange the collection of, all purchases from the location advised by TimeLine by 4.30pm on the seventh working day following the Date of Sale. Buyers may use the services of Mail Boxes Etc (contact details are provided on TimeLine documentation) or a service of their choice for collection, packing and shipping services. TimeLine reserves the right to levy storage and other charges for any Lots that have not been collected within the stipulated period.

29. Delivery by TimeLine: at the absolute discretion of TimeLine, TimeLine may, on request, directly arrange delivery of certain Lots to the address registered to the Buyer, on payment by the Buyer to TimeLine of any advised handling and delivery charge.

TimeLine does not insure property in transit but can arrange insurance at a cost of 6% of the total invoice value or minimum of £10, whichever is the higher; cover being limited to the to the invoiced amount paid for the Lot and subject to a £200 excess on any claim.

30. Remedies for Buyer’s Failure to Make Payment and/or Remove Lots: if the Purchase Price and/or all sums payable are not paid in full when they fall due and/or the Lot is not removed in accordance with these terms, TimeLine will without further notice to the Buyer be entitled to exercise one or more of the following rights: (a) To terminate the agreement immediately for breach of contract; (b) To retain possession of the Lot; (c) To remove and/or store the Lot at the Buyer’s expense; (d) To take legal proceedings against the Buyer for payment of any sums due to TimeLine by the Buyer; (e) To be paid interest on any monies due to TimeLine at the annual rate of 8% per annum from time to time to be calculated on a daily basis from the date upon which such monies became payable until the date of actual payment; (f) To sell the Lot without a Reserve Price at the Auction and apply any proceeds against the amount owing by the Buyer to TimeLine; (g) To apply any monies received from the Buyer in payment or part payment of any sums due from the Buyer to TimeLine under these terms; (h) To refuse to allow the Buyer to register for a future Auction or to reject a bid from the Buyer at a future Auction.

31. Buyer’s Indemnity: the Buyer agrees to indemnify TimeLine on

TimeLine Auctions

Terms & Conditions

a full indemnity basis against all legal and other costs, all losses and expenses incurred as a result of TimeLine taking steps under the previous paragraph.

Selling at TimeLine Auctions 32. Seller’s Representations and Warranties: in submitting goods for sale, the Seller warrants and represents to TimeLine that he is the owner of the Lot or is duly authorised to sell the Lot by the owner and that he is legally capable of selling the Lot and of transferring full title to the Lot. The Seller also warrants that, to the best of his knowledge and belief, the Lot is genuine and that the description given to the Lot is accurate. The Seller warrants that he has complied with all requirements legal or otherwise relating to any export or import of the Lot and all duties and taxes in respect of the export or import of the Lot have been paid and as far as he is aware all previous third party owners have complied with such requirements.

33. Seller’s Indemnity: the Seller shall indemnify and hold TimeLine harmless from all claims and all direct, indirect or consequential losses (including loss of profits, loss of business, depletion of goodwill and similar losses), costs, proceedings, damages and expenses (including legal and other professional fees and expenses) awarded against or incurred or paid by TimeLine as a result or in connection with: (a) Any claim made against TimeLine concerning the authenticity of any Lot; (b) Any alleged or actual infringement, whether or not under English law, of any third party’s Intellectual Property Rights or other rights arising out of the Auction or sale of the Lot. 34. Selling Commission: The standard rate of selling commission payable to TimeLine shall be 18% of the Hammer Price (VAT inclusive).

35. Additional Charges: TimeLine may levy additional charges regarding: (a) Collection of goods from Seller’s premises, storage of goods submitted for sale by a Seller and storage of Lots unsold; (b) Further charges at the discretion of TimeLine on advance warning to the Seller for any unusual research, special or additional imaging, testing, consultation with external specialists, conservation, cleaning or other services concerned with presenting the Lot, including VAT or other taxes or duties as applicable.

36. Lots: all goods submitted to TimeLine will be lotted and

catalogued at the sole discretion of TimeLine; antiquities, antiques and collectables Lots with a low estimate of £200 or less and coins Lots with a low estimate of £100 or less will not normally be illustrated in any printed catalogue; estimates are provided for information only and Hammer Prices may differ from the estimated range.

greater, to TimeLine for payment of insurance; (b) TimeLine shall not be liable for loss or damage to a Lot if caused by act(s) of terrorism, war, natural disaster or other uninsurable event. (c) TimeLine does not insure any Lot after it is knocked down. (d) An excess of £200 shall apply to all claims.

37. Rights to Photographs, Illustrations and Documents: the seller gives Timeline full and absolute right to photograph or illustrate any Lot submitted for sale and to use such photographs or illustrations and any photographs, illustrations or documents provided by the seller at any time and at TimeLine’s absolute discretion (whether or not in connection with any Auction).

Legal Matters 43. Sale of Goods Act: The terms implied by sections 13 to 15 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 are, to the fullest extent permitted by law, excluded.

38. Reserve Price: The seller may set a Reserve Price on any Lot where the low estimate exceeds £120 subject to agreeing that an Unsold Fee will become payable for any such Reserved Lot which fails to sell; in addition the Seller agrees that the auctioneer may accept a bid received at one bid increment or 10% of the Reserve Price (whichever is higher) below the Reserve Price sum if necessary to sell the Lot.

44. Severance: If any provision or part-provision of these terms and conditions is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted. Any modification to or deletion of a provision or partprovision under this clause shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of the terms and conditions.

39. Withdrawal of Lots: Once entered for sale, Lots may be withdrawn by the Seller only upon payment to TimeLine of a withdrawal fee which shall be 6% (VAT inclusive) of the low estimate or Reserve, whichever is higher. TimeLine reserves the absolute right to withdraw any Lot from sale for any reason.

45. Governing Law: these terms and conditions and any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with them or their subject matter or formation (including non-contractual disputes or claims) shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of England and Wales.

40. Unsold Lots: in the event that a Lot is not sold no selling Commission is payable unless the Lot was subject to a Reserve Price in which case a sum of 6% (VAT inclusive) is payable by the Seller to TimeLine. Charges for storage, insurance and other charges remain payable by the Seller to TimeLine at its discretion; the Seller is responsible for collection of the unsold goods immediately following the Date of Sale.

46. Jurisdiction: each party irrevocably agrees that the courts of England and Wales shall have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with these terms and conditions or its subject matter or formation (including noncontractual disputes or claims).

41. Payment to Sellers: the Net Proceeds of the Auction (Hammer Price less Selling Commission, insurance and any other charges or expenses at TimeLine’s absolute discretion) will become due and payable to the Seller 30 days following the Date of Sale provided that TimeLine have received cleared payment of the Purchase Price in full from the Buyer.

42. Insurance for Sellers: if the Seller wishes for TimeLine be responsible to the Seller as bailee for any loss or damage to the Lot being consigned, then: (a) The Seller shall agree to pay 1.5% of the Reserve or low estimate, or of the Hammer Price if sold, whichever of them is

47. Disputes: in the event that the Buyer or Seller has any dispute in relation to a Lot which has been sold, that dispute must be notified to TimeLine in writing within 14 days following the Date of Sale in order that TimeLine can hold the proceeds pending resolution of the dispute. In the event of deliberate forgery being claimed for any Lot, the Buyer shall submit two opinions in writing from recognised experts for consideration; the inability of different experts to agree shall not be sufficient grounds and TimeLine may investigate or consult with others at their discretion. TimeLine will have no liability to the Buyer and Seller after a period of 14 days as then TimeLine will release monies and make payments to Sellers in accordance with these terms and conditions.

Absentee Bidding Form

Sale: 4 December 2014

Name: Address:

Office use only Date Received:

Telephone: E-mail:

Bidder No:

Please bid on my behalf for the following lot(s) up to the maximum bids given below. I understand that a successful bid will additionally incur a 21% Buyer’s Premium Inclusive. I agree to pay all sums due promptly, including shipping, insurance and other costs as may be relevant. I am over 18 years old. Bids must be in accordance with the increments given in our Terms and Conditions.

Absentee bids must be received by no later than 9 pm on 1 December 2014, unless submitted by e-mail or in person.

Lot No

Item Description

Max Bid £

Lot No

Item Description

I confirm that I have read and agree to accept the Terms and Conditions of Sale.

Signed:

Date:

If successful, I wish to pay for my purchases by: Cash/Cheque/Debit Card/Credit Card/Bank Transfer/......................................................................................................................................* *delete as required

Max Bid £

! " #$%&

( $