Issuu

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, JAN-FEB, 2022, VOL- 9/69

>kcqvk ftys ds xzkeh.k {ks= esa tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr dk ,d v/;;u & Ldwy lqfo/kk ,oa mi;ksfxrk ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa vpZuk 'kekZ]

Ph. D.

izk/;kid] vFkZ'kkL=] 'kk- e- y- ck- dU;k Luk- egkfo|ky;] bUnkSj Paper Received On: 21 FEB 2022 Peer Reviewed On: 28 FEB 2022 Published On: 1 MAR 2022 Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

izLrkouk

(Introduction)

vPNh f'k{kk ij gj O;fä dk vf/kdkj gksrk gS] tks thou esa vkxs c<+us o lQyrk izkIr djus ds fy;s cgqr vko';d gSA Ldwyh f'k{kk thou dh uhao rS;kj djrh gSA ;g thou ds dfBu le; esa pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA iw.kZ Ldwyh f'k{kk ds nkSjku izkIr fd;k x;k Kku O;fä dks thou esa vkRefuHkZj cukrk gSA ;g thou esa csgrj laHkkoukvksa dks izkIr djus gsrq fofHké voljksa ds ekxZ [kksyrh gS] ftlls dSfj;j ds fodkl dks c<+kok feyrk gSA vPNh f'k{kk thou ds fofHké mÌs';ksa dks iwjk djrh gS tSls O;fäxr méfr] lkekftd Lrj dk fodkl] lkekftd LokLF; esa lq/kkj] vkfFkZd] lkekftd Lrj dk fodkl] lkekftd y{;ksa dh izkfIr] lkekftd eqÌksa ij tkx:drk o i;kZoj.k laca/kh leL;kvksa dk lek/kku vkfnA vk/kqfud f'k{kk iz.kkyh vf'k{kk] vlekurk o xjhch gVkus esa l{ke gSA f'k{kk lHkh ekuo vf/kdkjks]a lkekftd vf/kdkjks]a ns'k ds izfr dŸkZO;ksa o nkf;Roksa dks le>us esa gekjh lgk;rk djrh gSA >kcqvk e- izdk ,d tutkrh; cgqy bykdk gSA ;gk¡ eq[;r% Hkhy] fHkykyk o iVsfy;k vkfnoklh tkfr;ksa jgrh gSA ;g vkfFkZd o lkekftd :i ls vR;Ur fiNM+h gqbZ tutkrh;k¡ gSA ftys esa 2011 esa lk{kjrk dk Lrj 74.04%

44.5%

ls vR;ar de gSA ftys esa 2001 esa lk{kjrk Lrj

i'pkr~ ek=

gS] tks ns'k dh lk{kjrk Lrj 41.4%

Fkk] ftlesa 10 o"kksZa ds

dh o`f) gks ldh gS] blds lkFk gh fuEu lk{kjrk gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ySafxd

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16335 (Pg. 16334-16348)

vlekurk Hkh cgqr T;knk gSA ;gk¡ 5 o"kZ ls 14 o"kZ ds chp ds Ldwy tkus okys cPpksa dh la[;k

46%

ds yxHkx gS] vFkkZr vHkh Hkh

54%

cPps Ldwy esa nkf[kyk ugha ysrsA tks cPps

Ldwy igqaprs Hkh gSa] muls ek= 9-7 izfr'kr cPps gh fefMy Ldwy rd igqap ikrs gSaA bl vkfnoklh lekt esa lk{kjrk dks c<+kus gsrq ljdkj }kjk fofHké ;kstuk,a cukbZ xbZ] cgqr ls Ldwy [kksys x,A tutkrh; Ldwyh fo|kfFkZ;ksa gsrq fofHké ;kstuk,a & tutkrh;ksa ds 'kS{kf.kd mRFkku gsrq vkfnoklh mi;kstuk {ks= ds 89 vkfnoklh fodkl[kaMksa esa izkFkfed Lrj ls mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds Ldwyksa ds lkFk gh vfrfjä fof'k"V Ldwyksa dk lapkyu ljdkj ds }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA izns'k esa tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa gsrq 23 ØhM+k ifjljksa dh LFkkiuk Hkh dh xbZ gSA tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa gsrq Nk=o`fRr ;kstuk] vkokl lgk;rk] dU;k lk{kjrk izksRlkgu] lk;fdy ;kstuk e/;izns'k ljdkj ds }kjk lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSA tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa gsrq fofHkUu Nk=kokl ;kstuk,a Hkh lapkfyr dh tk jgh gS] ftuesa vkJe] twfu;j Nk=kokl] lhfu;j Nk=kokl o mRÑ"B Nk=kokl ;kstuk,a Ldwyh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s miyC/k gSA e-iz- esa 1083 vkJe 'kkykvksa esa d{kk 01 ls 05 o d{kk 06 ls 08 rd ds fo|kFkhZ f'k{kk xzg.k dj jgs gSaA e-iz- ljdkj }kjk 199 twfu;j Nk=koklksa esa d{kk 06 ls d{kk 08 rd ds Nk= o Nk=k,a f'k{kk xzg.k dj jgs gSaA ljdkj ds }kjk vkfnoklh lekt dh f'k{kk gsrq cM+k ctV cuk;k x;k] ysfdu ifj.kke visf{kr ugha vk,A vr% bl leqnk; dh f'k{kk ds izfr mnklhurk ds dkj.kksa dk v/;;u djus gsrq ;g fo"k; 'kks/k dk;Z ds fy, pquk x;k gSA v/;;u dk mÌs'; 1- tutkrh; ifjokjksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr dk v/;;u djuk 2- tutkrh; ifjokj ds cPpksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr dk v/;;u djukA 3- tutkrh; ifjokj dh f'k{kk ds izfr tkx:drk dk v/;;u djukA 4- tutkrh; {ks= esa fLFkr Ldwyksa esa fofHké lqfo/kkvksa o mi;ksfxrkvksa dk v/;;u djukA 5- f'k{kk izksRlkgu gsrq ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fofHké ;kstukvksa ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA 6- tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh fuEu 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr ds dkj.kksa dk v/;;u djukA 7- v/;;u ls izkIr fu"d"kksZa ds vk/kkj ij lq>ko nsukA Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16336 (Pg. 16334-16348)

'kks/k leL;k >kcqvk ftyk ewyr% vkfnoklh ftyk gS] bldk {ks=Qy 3600 oxZ fd-eh- gSA ;gk¡ izeq[k :i ls Hkhy] fHkykyk o iVsfy;k tutkrh;ka fuokl djrh gSaA >kcqvk ftys esa ikap rglhysa 'kktkiqj] Fkkanyk] isVykon] >kcqvk] es?kuxj gSA >kcqvk ftys dh tula[;k 2011 ds vuqlkj 10]24]091 gS] ftlesa iq#"kksa dh la[;k 5]14]830 o efgykvksa dh la[;k 5]09]261 gSA ftys esa lk{kjrk dk Lrj 2011 ds vuqlkj 54.65%

44.5%

o efgykvksa dh lk{kjrk dk izfr'kr

gS] ftlesa iq#"kksa dh lk{kjrk dk izfr'kr

34.29%

gS] tks Hkkjr dh lk{kjrk dh rqyuk esa

vR;ar de gSA DSE

izfr'kr la[;k V

ds vuqlkj d{kk

59.1%

62%

gSA d{kk

I-II

III-IV

I-II

rd ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa tks v{kj ;k 'kCn i<+ ikrs gSa mudk

rd ds fo|kFkhZ tks 1&9 rd dh la[;k igpku ikrs gS mudh

rd ds fo|kFkhZ tks i<+ tkrs gSa] mudk izfr'kr

rd ds fo|kFkhZ] tks tksM+ o ?kVkuk tkurs gSa] mudk izfr'kr

25.1

33.4

gSA d{kk

IV-

gSA

>kcqvk ftys esa izkFkfed Ldwyksa dh la[;k 1982 gS] ek/;fed Ldwyksa dh la[;k 424] gk;j lSds.Mjh Ldwyksa dh la[;k 58] gkbZ Ldwyksa dh la[;k 63] fefMy o gkbZLdwy dh la[;k 6 gSA >kcqvk ftys esa Ldwyksa dh dqy la[;k 2533 gSA ftys esa Ldwyksa dh i;kZIr miyC/krk gksus ds ckotwn ftys esa Nk=ksa dh fuEu 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr eq[; 'kks/k leL;k gSA fuEu 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr ds dkj.kksa dk v/;;u djuk o Ldwyksa esa miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa o mudh mi;ksfxrk dk v/;;u djuk ,d vU; 'kks/k leL;k gSA ljdkj ds }kjk f'k{kk dks izksRlkfgr djus gsrq fofHké ;kstukvksa dk lapkyu gksus ds ckotwn os dkSu ls dkj.k gSa] tks tutkrh;ksa esa f'k{kk ds izfr :>ku esa deh ykrs gSaA tutkrh;ksa dks ns'k dh eq[; /kkjk ls tksM+us esa f'k{kk dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gksrk gSA Ldwyksa esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds bujksyesVa esa deh ds dkj.kksa dk ,d izeq[k dkj.k gS] Ldwy esa miyC/k i;kZIr lqfo/kkvksa dk uk gksuk gSA bl ifj;kstuk esa ftys ds xzkeh.k {ks= ds Ldwyksa esa tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, lqfo/kkvksa o mudh mi;ksfxrk dk irk yxkuk eq[; 'kks/k leL;k gSA ifjdYiuk,a & 1-

tutkrh; ifjokjksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr o muds cPpksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr esa dksbZ ldkjkRed laca/k ugha gSA

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16337 (Pg. 16334-16348)

ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fofHké ;kstukvksa dk tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+k gSA

tutkrh; {ks= esa fLFkr Ldwyksa esa miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa dk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rkA

lkfgR; leh{kk

(Overview of Literature)

vuqlwfpr tutkrh;ksa ds f'k{kk ds laca/k esa fofHké v/;;u fd, x,A 1-

Dana Dunn 1993 Population research & policy review

esa izdkf'kr 'kks/k i=

Gender

inequality in education and employment in the scheduled castes and tribes in India

esa

izdkf'kr 'kks/k i= esa Hkkjr esa vuqlwfpr tkfr o tutkfr dh efgykvksa esa f'k{kk o fodkl ds {ks= esa fdl rjg ySafxd vlekurk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS ;g v/;;u fd;k x;kA 2-

K. CHanana 1993 Springer Link

izdkf'kr 'kks/k i=

Accessing higher education, the

dilemma at schooling women, minorities, scheduled caster and Scheduled Tribes in Contemporary India

esa vuqlwfpr tkfr tutkfr o vYila[;d efgykvksa dh mPp

f'k{kk esa igqap esa vkus okyh leL;kvksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA 3. K. Sujatha 2002

esa tutkrh;ksa ds e/; f'k{kk esa v/;;u fd;k x;k fd tutkrh;

fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa fuEu f'k{kk lgHkkxhrk dk dkj.k fuEu LOkkLF; Lrj dk gksuk jgk gS] bl dkj.k ls fo|kFkhZ Ldwyksa dk ykHk mBk ikus esa vleFkZ jgs gSaA blds fy, ,d nh/kZdkyhu ;kstuk dk cuk;k tkuk ykHkizn gksxkA 4-

Francois leclercq 2003

esa vkfFkZd o jktuhfrd leh{kk esa izdkf'kr 'kks/ki=

Guarantee Scheme and Primary Schooling in M.P.

Education

esa nsokl o csrwy ftys ds ifCyd

Ldwyksa dh QhYM LVMh dh xbZA bl v/;;u esa f'k{kk xkjaVh ;kstuk ds vUrxZr dk;kZfUor ifCyd Ldwyksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA f'k{kk {ks= esa fd, x, lq/kkj dk xzkeh.k {ks= o ifCyd Ldwy ij iM+us okys izHkko dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA 5.

lsMoky] ,e dker 2008 esa &

"Education and social equity with a special focus on

scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in elementary education" Creative Pathology to access Research Monograph No. 19

esa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa o tutkrh;ksa ds Ldwy u

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16338 (Pg. 16334-16348)

igqapus o leku f'k{kk u izkIr djus ds dkj.kksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k] ftudh fofHké ;kstukvksa dks cukus esa vko';drk gksrh gSA 6- vkj- xksfoan] e/kqferk canksik/;k; 2010 access transitions and equity India

Construction for Research on educational

esa izdkf'kr 'kks/ki=

Educational access in M.P. & C.G. -

esa e-iz- o NRrhlx<+ ds 36 xkaoksa ds 88 Ldwyksa ftlesa 9]653 fo|kFkhZ i<+rs Fks

mudk vkuqHkkfod v/;;u fd;k x;k] ftlesa ljdkj dh fofHké ;kstukvksa o muds fØ;kUo;u dk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Ldwy igqap ij izHkkoksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA 7-

Abhishek Basu 2012

esa

Education Research and Reviews esa Status of educational

performance of tribal students - A study in Paschim Mednipur District, West Bengal

esa

ia- caxky ds fenukiqj ftys ds vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds 'kS{kf.kd izn'kZu dh fLFkfr dk v/;;u fd;k x;k os bl lanHkZ esa izLrqr fd, x,A 8-

esa

International Journal of

esa izdkf'kr 'kks/k i= &

Scope of education and

Dr. Haseena V. A. and Dr. Ajim P. Mohammad 2014 scientific and Research publication

dropout among tribal students in kerala - A study of scheduled tribes in Attappady

esa

dsjy esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa eas f'k{kk dk {ks= o Ldwy NksM+us ds dkj.kksa dh fLFkfr dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA 9- fiz;e flag] yksds'k dqekj 2019

JETIR Volume 6, issue 6

esa izdkf'kr 'kks/ki=

Review : Impact of Higher Secondary Education on effectiveness of Higher Education of Scheduled Castes and Tribes in India with especial reference to Madhya Pradesh

esa

Hkkjr ds vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa tutkfr ds gk;j lSds.Mªh ijh{kk ifj.kke dk muds mPp f'k{kk ij iM+us okys izHkkoksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA blesa ;g Hkh v/;;u fd;k x;k fd lekt dk ;g oxZ vkfFkZd vlekurk o fu/kZurk ls xzflr gS] ftuesa ySafxd vlekurk,a Hkh fo|eku gS] tks mudh f'k{kk dks izHkkfor djrk gSA 'kks/k izkfof/k & bl ifj;kstuk esa 'kks/k dk;Z gsrq izeq[k :i ls funZ'ku i)fr dk iz;ksx fd;k tkosxkA lHkh izkekf.kd f}rh;d leadksas dks bl 'kks/k dk;Z dk egRoiw.kZ vk/kkj cukuk tkosxk rFkk leL;k ds laca/k esa lk{kkRdkj vuqlwph ds ek/;e ls izkFkfed leadksa dk ladyu djds vf/kdkf/kd lgh ,oa O;kid fo'ys"k.k izLrqr djus dk iz;kl fd;k tkosxkA Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16339 (Pg. 16334-16348)

izkFkfed lead & izkFkfed lead ,df=r djus gsrq eq[; :i ls izR;{k O;fäxr vuqla/kku jhfr dk iz;ksx fd;k tkosxkA blds vUrxZr 'kks/k {ks= esa mifLFkr gksdj U;kn'kZ bdkb;ksa ls laidZ fd;k tkosxk] ftlls lead vf/kd izkekf.kd 'kq) rFkk fo'oluh; gksa lk{kkRdkj vuqlwph ds ek/;e ls izkFkfed lead ,d= fd, tkosxAas f}rh; lead & f}rh; lead ,df=r djus gsrq ljdkjh izdk'ku] ftyk lkaf[;dh; izdk'ku] v)Z ljdkjh izdk'ku] lfefr ,oa vk;ksx ds izfrosnu lekpkj i= ,oa if=dkvksa ds izdk'ku] O;fäxr 'kks/kdrkZvksa ds izdk'ku bR;kfn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkosxkA lkj.kh;r ,oa fo'ys"k.k & lead ladyu ds i'pkr~ mi;qDr lkaf[;dh; fof/k;ksa ds iz;ksx ls leadksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkosxkA v/;;u dk {ks= & if'peh e/;izns'k dk >kcqvk ftys ds rhu xzke v/;;u dk {ks= gksxsAa v/;;u dh bdkbZ & p;fur xkao ls ,d ,d tutkfr ifjokj ftlds cPps 5 o"kZ ls 20 o"kZ ds e/; gS] v/;;u dh bdkbZ gksxkA

'kks/k v/;;u >kcqvk ftyk tutkrh; cgqy bykdk gSA HkkSfrd laLÑfr dh va/kh nkSM+ ls nwj tutkfr;k¡ vkt Hkh vius ijEijkxr jgu&lgu] [kku&iku o :f<+oknh Ñf"k iz.kkyh esa tdM+h gqbZ gSA ;g lekt :f<+oknh fopkjks]a va/kfo'oklksa ls vkc) gSA ;gk¡ xjhch dk Lrj lokZf/kd gS] ;gk¡ dh xzkeh.k tutkfr;k¡ xjhch js[kk ds uhps xqtj&clj djrh gSA tutkrh; lekt dk fodkl f'k{kk ds fodkl ls tqM+k gqvk gSA Ldwyh f'k{kk ds fodkl ls bl lekt dh ubZ ih<+h dk fodkl laHko gSA ljdkj ds }kjk bl lekt ds fodkl gsrq vusd ;kstuk,a ykbZ xbZ gSA 2019&20 ds ctV esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds fodkl ds fy, ctV esa

28%

o`f) dh xbZ gSA bu tutkfr;ksa ds fodkl ds fy, ctV esa ljdkj }kjk fofHkUu Nk=o`fRr;k¡ iznku dh tk jgh gS] ftys esa Ldwyksa dh la[;k esa Hkh o`f) dh xbZ] ysfdu blds ckotwn tutkfr;ksa esa f'k{kk ds izfr :fp tkx`r ugha gqbZA bl v/;;u esa ftys ds rhu xzkeksa dkykiku] yEcsyk o cscjoM+h esa Ldwyh tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr ftlesa Ldwy lqfo/kk o mi;ksfxrk ls lacaf/kr 50 ifjokjksa dk losZ{k.k fuEukuqlkj fd;k x;k %&

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16340 (Pg. 16334-16348)

lkj.kh Ø- 1 ekrk&firk dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr dk v/;;u 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr

ekrk

fuj{kj izkFkfed ek/;fed gk;j lsds.Mªh dqy losZf{kr

46 4 & & 50

izfr'kr % 92 8 & & 100

firk

izfr'kr % 82 10 6 2 100

41 5 3 1 50

L=ksr & losZ{k.k mi;qZDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS] fd losZf{kr ekrkvksa esa 92 % fuj{kj o 8% izkFkfed f'k{kk izkIr gSA losZf{kr firkvksa esa 82% fuj{kj] 10% izkFkfed] 6% ek/;fed o 2% gk;j lsds.Mªh ikl gSaA lkj.kh Ø- 2 ifjokjksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk v/;;u vkfFkZd fLFkfr ¼okf"kZd vk;½

losZf{kr la[;k

izfr'kr

1]000&5]000 5]000&10]000 10]000&20]000 20]000 ls vf/kd dqy losZf{kr

8 8 18 16 50

16% 16% 36% 32% 100

L=ksr & losZ{k.k mi;qZDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS] fd 16% ifjokjksa dh vkfFkZd vk; 1]000@& ls 5]000@& okf"kZd gSA 16% ifjokjksa dh okf"kZd vk; 5]000@& ls 10]000@& ds chp gSA 36% ifjokjksa dh okf"kZd vk; 10]000@& ls 20]000@& ds chp gS o 32% ifjokjksa dh okf"kZd vk; 20]000@& ls vf/kd gS] vFkkZr~ T;knkrj ifjokj xjhch js[kk ds uhps thou;kiu dj jgs gSaA lkj.kh Ø- 3 ifjokj dh O;olkf;d fLFkfr ifjokj dk O;olk;

losZf{kr la[;k

izfr'kr

Lo;a dh Ñf"k Hkwfe Ñ"kd etnwj ou vk/kkfjr O;olk; vU; O;olk; dqy la[;k

49 01 & & 50

98 2 & & 100

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16341 (Pg. 16334-16348)

mi;qZDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS] fd losZf{kr ifjokjksa esa ls 98 % ifjokj viuh vkthfodk ds fy, Lo;a dh Hkwfe ij vk/kkfjr gS] 2% ifjokj Ñ"kd etnwj gSA lkj.kh Ø- 4 ifjokj esa cPpksa dh la[;k dh fLFkfr ifjokj esa cPpksa dh la[;k

losZf{kr la[;k

izfr'kr

1 2 3 4 4 ls vf/kd dqy ifjokj

1 4 9 10 26 50

2 8 18 20 52 100

L=ksr & losZ{k.k mi;qZDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS] fd 52% ifjokjksa esa cPpksa dh la[;k 4 ls vf/kd] 20% ifjokjksa esa cPpksa dh la[;k 4] o 18% ifjokjksa esa cPpksa dh la[;k 3] 8% ifjokjksa esa cPpksa dh la[;k 2 gSA dsoy 2% ifjokjksa esa cPpksa dh la[;k 1 gSA lkj.kh Ø- 5 Ldwyksa esa v/;;ujr cPpksa dh fLFkfr v/;;ujr cPpksa dh fLFkfr

losZf{kr la[;k

izfr'kr

izkFkfed ek/;fed gkbZ Ldwy baVj ehfM;V dqy ifjokj

20 25 3 2 50

40 50 6 4 100

L=ksr & losZ{k.k mi;qZDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS] fd izkFkfed v/;;ujr cPPkksa dk izfr'kr 40 gS] ek/;fed] gkbZLdwy o baVj ehfM;V esa v/;;ujr cPpka dk izfr'kr Øe'k% 50] 6 o 4 gSA lkj.kh Ø- 6 Ldwyksa esa miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa dh fLFkfr Ldwy esa miyC/k lqfo/kk,a

ifjokj dh Lohdkjksfä

izfr'kr

LoPN ty 'kkSpky; LoPN d{kk [ksy dk eSnku dEI;wVj ySc

32 28 24 26 & &

64 56 48 52 & &

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16342 (Pg. 16334-16348)

mi;qZDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS] fd Ldwyksa esa LoPN ty dh miyC/krk 64% ifjokjksa }kjk crkbZ xbZ gS] 56% ifjokjksa }kjk 'kkSpky; dh miyC/krk] 48% ifjokjksa }kjk LoPN d{kk o 52% ifjokjksa }kjk [ksy ds eSnku dh miyC/krk crkbZ xbZ gSA dEI;wVj o ySc dh miyC/krk fdlh ifjokj }kjk ugha crkbZ xbZ gSA lkj.kh Ø- 7 Ldwyksa esa v/;kidksa dh miyC/krk Ldwyksa esa fo"k;okj v/;kidksa losZf{kr ifjokj izfr'kr dh miyC/krk xf.kr 29 58 vaxzsth 12 24 foKku 18 36 lkekftd foKku 40 80

L=ksr & losZ{k.k mi;qZDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS] fd 58% ifjokjksa }kjk xf.kr ds] 24% ifjokjksa }kjk vaxzsth ds] 36% ifjokjksa }kjk foKku ds o 80% ifjokjksa }kjk lkekftd foKku ds v/;kid dh miyC/krk dh tkudkjh nh xbZ gSA lkj.kh Ø- 8 ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr 'kS{kf.kd ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh dk fooj.k ljdkj

}kjk

lapkfyr losZ{k.k

izfr'kr

;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh gk¡

ugha

dqy ifjokj

100

L=ksr & losZ{k.k mi;qZDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS] fd 06% ifjokjksa dks ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fofHké 'kS{kf.kd ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh gS] tcfd 94% ifjokjksa dks fdlh izdkj dh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh ugha gSA Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16343 (Pg. 16334-16348)

lkj.kh Ø- 9 Ldwy ds izfr :>ku dh fLFkfr dk fooj.k Ldwy u tkus dk dkj.k

losZf{kr ifjokj

izfr'kr

:fp dk vHkko nwjh miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko vU; dkj.k dqy ifjokj

& & 50 & 50

& & 100 & 100

L=ksr & losZ{k.k mi;qZDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS] fd Ldwy esa miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa ds vHkko ds dkj.k tutkrh; fo|kFkhZ Ldwy ugha tkrs gSaA lkj.kh Ø- 10 i<+kbZ chp esa NksM+us ds dkj.k dk fooj.k i<+kbZ chp esa NksM+us dk losZf{kr ifjokj izfr'kr dkj.k :fp dk vHkko & & ikfjokfjd ftEesnkjh 01 02 iyk;u 49 98 vLoLFkrk & &

L=ksr & losZ{k.k mi;qZDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS] fd 98% ifjokjksa }kjk iyk;u fd, tkus ds dkj.k cPps i<+kbZ chp esa gh NksM+ nsrs gSa tcfd 2% ifjokj & ikfjokfjd ftEesnkjh dks bldk dkj.k ekurs gSaA

fu"d"kZ & bl 'kks/k i= esa tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr dk v/;;u fd;k x;k] ftlesa Ldwy lqfo/kk o mi;ksfxrk ds laca/k esa losZ{k.k fd;k x;k] ftlls fuEu fu"d"kZ Li"V gq, & xzkeh.k {ks= esa f'k{kk dk Lrj vR;ar fuEu ik;k x;k yxHkx 88 % ikyd fuj{kj ik, x,] yxHkx 7-5% ikyd izkFkfed f'k{kk izkIr Fks o yxHkx 4-5% ikyd ek/;fed f'k{kk izkIr o 2% ikyd gk;j lsds.Mªh f'k{kk izkIr ik, x,] ftlls tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh fuEu 'kS{kf.kd i`"BHkwfe dk irk pyrk gSA Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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losZ{k.k ds nkSjku tutkrh; ifjokjksa dh fuEu vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk irk pyrk gS] vf/kdka'k ifjokj xjhch js[kk ds uhps thou ;kiu dj jgs gSa] os nks oä dh jksVh ls vkxs lksp gh ugha ikrs] mudk thou vR;ar dfBukbZ;ksa o vlqfo/kkvksa ls Hkjk gSA T;knkrj ifjokjksa ds ikl Lo;a dh Ñf"k Hkwfe gSA os viuh vkthfodk ds fy, Ñf"k ij fuHkZj gSA Ñf"k dk;Z ijEijkxr rjhds ls djus ds dkj.k os lgh ek=k esa mit ugha izkIr dj ikrs] ftlds dkj.k os xjhch js[kk ls ckgj ugha vk ik jgs gSaA 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr vPNh ugha gksus ds dkj.k os ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fofHkUu ;kstukvksa dk ykHk ugha mBk ikrsA tutkrh; ifjokjksa dh xjhch dk ,d dkj.k cM+k ifjokj gksuk gSA bu xkaoksa esa T;knkrj ifjokj esa 4 ls vf/kd cPps ik, x,A bu ifjokjksa esa ifjokj fu;kstu ds izfr tkx:drk dk vHkko ik;k x;k] ftlds dkj.k os vius cPpksa dh vPNh f'k{kk&nh{kk ij /;ku ugha ns ikrsA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa tks fo|ky; gSa] muesa lHkh fo"k;ksa ds v/;kidksa dh miyC/krk dk vHkko ik;k x;kA vaxzsth] foKku o xf.kr fo"k; ds v/;kidksa dh miyC/krk u gksus ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa bu fo"k;ksa ds izfr :fp tkx`r ugha gks ikrh] blls mudh vkxs dh i<+k bZ ckf/kr gks tkrh gSA losZ{k.k ds nkSjku ik;k x;k] fd ljdkj }kjk ;|fi fofHkUu lqfo/kk,a tSls LoPN ty] 'kkSpky;] LoPNrk] [ksy dk eSnku vkfn dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS] ysfdu ns[kjs[k ds vHkko esa ;s lqfo/kk,a fo|kfFkZ;kssa dks miyC/k u gksus ds dkj.k mUgsa fofHkUu rjg dh vlqfo/kkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS fo'ks"kdj Nk=kvksa dks bl dkj.k ls Hkh Ldwy NksM+uk iM+rk gSA losZ{k.k esa lHkh ifjokjksa }kjk miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko crk;k x;k] ftlds dkj.k muds cPpksa esa Ldwy ds izfr :>ku dk vHkko ik;k tkrk gSA

ifjdYiuk ijh{k.k & 1-

tutkrh; ifjokjksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr o muds cPpksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr esa ldkjkRed laca/k ik;k x;k gSA ;g ifjdYiuk Lohdkj gqbZ gSA losZ{k.k ds izkIr vkadM+kas ds vuqlkj tks ikyd vui<+ gSa] tks ikyd izkFkfed f'kf{kr gSa] muds cPps ek/;fed f'kf{kr gSa] tks ikyd gkbZLdwy ;k baVjehfM;V f'kf{kr gSa] muds cPp Hkh ml f'k{kk Lrj rd f'kf{kr gSaA vr%

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tutkrh; ifjokjksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr o muds cPpksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr esa ldkjkRed laca/k ik;k x;k gSA 2-

ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fofHké ;kstukvksa dk tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+k gSA losZ{k.k ds nkSjku ;g ik;k x;k] fd yxHkx 94% ikydksa dks ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fofHké 'kS{kf.kd ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh ugha gS] D;ksfa d os f'k{kk ds izfr tkx:d ugha gSA vr% ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fofHké ;kstukvksa dk tutkrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+k gSA

tutkrh; {ks= esa fLFkr Ldwyksa esa miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa dk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA ;g ifjdYiuk Lohdkj gqbZ gSA losZ{k.k ds nkSjku ;g ik;k x;k] fd ljdkj }kjk miyc/k lqfo/kk,a ns[kjs[k ds vHkko esa lgh dk;Z ugha dj ik jgh gS] vr% mu miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa dk lgh mi;ksx ugha gks ikus ds dkj.k fo|kFkhZ muls ykHkkfUor ugha gks ik jgk gS] bl dkj.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+k gSA

leL;k,a & 1- ifjokj dh fuEu 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr & tutkrh; ifjokjksa dh fuEu 'kS{kf.kd fLFkfr dk izHkko fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij iM+rk gSA losZ{k.k ls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa yXkHkx 88 % ikyd fuj{kj ik, x,] ftlds dkj.k os f'k{kk dk egRo vius cPpksa dks ugha le>k ikrs gSaA blds dkj.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa f'k{kk ds izfr tkx:drk dk vHkko gSA 2- fuEu vkfFkZd fLFkfr & fuEu vkfFkZd fLFkfr Hkh cPpksa dh f'k{kk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ ck/kd rRo gSA losZ{k.k esa ik;k x;k fd xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vf/kdka'k ifjokj xjhch js [kk ds uhps xqtj&clj djrs gSa] ftlds dkj.k os vius cPpksa dh f'k{kk ij /;ku ugha nsrsA 3- ifjokj fu;kstu u gksuk & losZ{k.k ds nkSjku ik;k x;k] fd tutkrh; ifjokj ifjokj fu;kstu ds izfr tkx:d ugha gSa] ftlds dkj.k yxHkx 90 ifjokjksa esa 3 ;k 3 ls vf/kd cPps gSa] ftlls os vius cPpksa dk lgh ikyu iks"k.k o mfpr f'k{kk dk izca /k ugha dj ikrsA ;gh dkj.k muds xjhch js[kk ls js[kk uhps jgus dk gSA

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4- f'k{kk dk egRo u le>uk & ekrk&firk ds fuj{kj gksus ds dkj.k os f'k{kk dk egRo ugha le>rs blfy;s ljdkj ds }kjk fofHké iz;kl fd, tkus ds ckn Hkh lekt esa f'k{kk ds izfr :fp dk vHkko gSA 5- Ldwyksa esa miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa dk mi;ksx u gksuk & ;|fi ljdkj }kjk Ldwyksa esa LoPN ty] 'kkSpky;] LoPN d{kk] [ksy dk eSnku vkfn dh lqfo/kk,a miyC/k djokbZ xbZ gS] ysfdu mudh lqpk: ns[kjs[k u gksus ds dkj.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bu lqfo/kkvksa dk ykHk ugha fey ikrk] ftlds dkj.k yxHkx lHkh ifjokjksa }kjk lqfo/kkvksa dh miyC/krk dk vHkko crk;k x;k gSA 6- fo"k;okj v/;kidksa dh miyC/krk u gksuk & xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds Ldwyksa esa fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ds v/;kidksa dh miyC/krk dk vHkko ik;k x;k gS] ftlds dkj.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa fo"k; ds izfr :fp dk vHkko ik;k tkrk gSA 7- ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh u gksuk & losZ{k.k ds nkSjku ik;k x;k fd xzkeh.k {ks= ds tutkrh; ifjokjksa dks ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fofHkUu 'kS{kf.kd ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh ugha gksus ds dkj.k os vius cPpksa dh f'k{kk ds izfr tkx:d ugha gksrs] o fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds ykHk ls fo|kFkhZ oafpr jg tkrs gSaA 8- iyk;u & losZ{k.k ds nkSjku ;g ik;k x;k] fd xkaoksa essa vkt Hkh cPpksa dh i<+kbZ chp esa NwVus dk ,d cM+k dkj.k iyk;u gSA tutkrh; ifjokjksa dh vkthfodk dk eq[; L=ksr Ñf"k gS vkSj Ñf"k esa o"kZHkj jkstxkj ugha izkIr gksrk gS blfy;s os dqN le; ds fy, 'kgjksa dh vksj jkstxkj gsrq iyk;u djrs gSa] ftlds dkj.k muds cPpksa dks Ldwy chp esa gh NksM+uk iM+rk gSA

lq>ko & 1- tutkrh; lekt dks f'k{kk ds izfr tkx:d djuk & bl lekt esa f'k{kk ds izfr tkx:drk yk, tkus dh vko';drk gS] blds fy, ,u-th-vks- o vU; ljdkjh laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls mUgsa f'k{kk ds egRo dks crk;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls os vius cPpksa dh f'k{kk ds izfr tkx:d gks ldsA 2- vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa lq/kkj gsrq xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jkstxkj miyC/k djokuk & tutkfr;k¡ viuh vkthfodk ds fy, Ñf"k ij fuHkZj jgrh gS] Ñf"k ds vfrfjä mUgsa oSdfYid Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16347 (Pg. 16334-16348)

jkstxkj tSls & i'kqikyu] eqxhZikyu] o vU; dqVhj m|ksxksa ds laca/k esa izf'k{k.k o foŸk lqfo/kk,a miyC/k djokdj mudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa lq/kkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA 3- ifjokj fu;kstu gsrq izksRlkgu & bu tutkfr;ksa dks NksVs ifjokj ds ykHk crkdj ifjokj fu;kstu ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds lkFk gh ljdkj ifjokj fu;kstu gsrq vkfFkZd izksRlkgu nsdj Hkh bUgsa izksRlkfgr dj ldrh gSA 4- Ldwyksa esa miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk & bu xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa Ldwyksa esa miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa dk iw.kZ mi;ksx fd, tkus dk iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa Ldwy ds izfr :fp tkx`r gks ldsA ljdkj }kjk miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa dk le;≤ ij ns[kjs[k lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd mldk ln~mi;ksx gks ldsA 5- fo"k;okj v/;kidksa dh miyC/krk & xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds Ldwyksa esa fo"k;okj v/;kidksa dh miyC/krk lqfuf'pr dh tkuh pkfg,] ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa fo"k;ksa ds izfr :fp tkx`r gks ldsA v/;kidksa dh miyC/krk ls Ldwyksa esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh mifLFkfr esa Hkh o`f) gksxh o muds 'kS{kf.kd Lrj esa Hkh lq/kkj gksxkA 6- ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh iznk; djuk & losZ{k.k ds nkSjku ;g ik;k x;k fd yxHkx 94% yksxksa dks ljdkj ds }kjk lapkfyr fofHké 'kS{kf.kd lqfo/kkvksa dh tkudkjh ugha gSA vr% bl lekt esa ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh iznk; dh tkuk pkfg,A ?kj&?kj tkdj] iapk;r ds ek/;e ls o o`Ÿk fp= ds ek/;e ls mUgsa fofHké ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh iznk; dh tkuk pkfg,A 7- iyk;u dks jksdus ds iz;kl & xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jkstxkj dh deh gksus ls Jfedksa dk iyk;u gksrk gSA vr% xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa oSdfYid jkstxkj dh lqfo/kk,a c<+kdj iyk;u dks jksdk tk ldrk gS] ftlls muds cPps lrr Ldwy esa mifLFkr jgdj v/;;u dj ldrs gSaA lanHkZ xzaFk lwph ¼Reference½ S. Patel - Tribal education in India – Mittal Publication, New Delhi - First addition 1991, ISBN-81-7099-292-3 2. Dr. Manjundra DC, Dr. Anjali Kurane, Dr. Steven Wind, Dr. Annapurna - Ignored claims - A Focus on Tribal Education in India, Kalpaz Publications 2006, ISBN-81-7835 679-1 M. Kamat - Education and social equity - with a special focus on scheduled Castes and scheduled Tribes in Elementary Education 2008 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cie - faculty

MkW- vpZuk 'kekZ 16348 (Pg. 16334-16348) Francois Ledercq - Education Guarantee Scheme and Primary Schooling in M.P. - Economic & Politically weekly vol 38 No. 19 (May - 10-16-2003 PP. 1855-1869) R. Govinda and Madhumita Bandyopadhyay Oct. 2010 - Educational Access in Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh - India - CREATE ISBN 0-901881-66-X http://www.create or pc.org Amanullah, M - A Report on status of education in tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh 1994 - MP Tribal Research and Development Institute Bhopal (Publisher) Dana Dunn - Gender inequality in education and employment In the scheduled Castes and tribes of India 1993 Population Research and policy Review 12, 53-70 (1993) http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01074509 S.N. Chaudhary - Tribal Development since Independence 2009 Concept Publishing company ISBN-13-978-818069-622-0 Shweta Bagai, Neera Nandi - Tribal Education - A Fine Balance 2009 - Printed at Rakesh Press N. Delhi Balagopalan, S & Subrahmaniam R. (2003) Dalit & Adivasi children in school : some preliminary research themes and findings IDS Bulletin 34 (1) 43-54 Bapat M.V. (1994) A few thoughts on tribal Education, Vanyajathi Journal pp 54-49. Gautam V. (2003) Education of tribal 'children in India and issue of medium of Instructions: A Janshalla experience. UN/Government Janshala Programme N. Delhi. Sujata K. (1994) Educational Development Among Tribes : A study of sub plan Area in Andhra Pradesh New Delhi; South Asian Publication.