LACKNOW MAHANAGAR KE NIWASIYO MAIN RAJNAITIK PRBHAVIKTA KA ABHAV

Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language , Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2016 = 4.44, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.48612, FEB-MAR 2018, VOL- 6/26 https://doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v6i26.11391

Yk[kuÅ egkuxj ds fuokfl;ksa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk xq:izlkn jkBkSj

vflLVsVa izks-& jktuhfr SkkL=, jktdh; egk fo|ky; ] xkslkbZ [ksMk ] mUuko Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

jktuhfr ,d xfr” vkfFkZd jktuhfrd vkfn½ mRrjnk;h gSaA ifjorhZ lkekftd n” kkvksa ds fy,] orZeku ifjizs{; esa fo”

kdj lkekftd lUnHkksaZ esa jktuhfrd dkj.kksa dh Hkwfedk vge rFkk fu.kkZ;d gSA jktuhfrd

?kVukØeksa dk O;fDr;ksa dh lksp rFkk jktuhfrd {kerk ¼izHkkfodrk½ ls ?kfu” V rFkk izR;{k lEcU/k gksrk gS( lEizfr jktuhfr foKku] euksfoKku

kks/k&v/;srkvksa ds fy,

jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ,d uohure {ks= fodflr gqvk gSA Hkkjrh; lUnHkZ esa fopkj djus ij ge ikrs gSa fd bl egRoiw.kZ ,oa uohu izR;; ij loZizFke lu~ 1960&1970 ds n” kd esa vuql/a kku dk;Z vkjEHk gq,( ysfdu ;s vuql/a kku dk;Z ,di{kh; pquko&izfØ;k] jktuhfrd O;ogkj ,oa ernku&O;ogkj ds v/;;uksa rd gh lhfer FksA Hkkjr esa ^lu~ 1975&1977* jktuhfrd ifjorZu Vªh; Lrj ij lRrk ifjorZu½ ds {ks= esa gq, vkewy pwy ifjorZuksa ds fy, mYys[kuh; gSA ;gkWa ls Hkkjrh; lekt esa ^jktuhfrd lksp* rFkk ^ jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk * lekt ds fupys ik;nku ij [kM+s vfUre O;fDr ¼bdkbZ½@lew

Vxr gksus yxhA

ifj.kkeLo:i fofHkUu tkfrxr rFkk {ks=h; jktuSfrd ny viuk egRo ikdj vfLrRo esa vkus yxs ,oa lekt esa mRiUu ^ jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk

kfDr dks lkekU; O;ogkj esa eglwl fd;k

tkus yxkA bl :i esa vuql/a kku gsrq ;g ,d u;k izR;; gSA ftl ij ;g vuql/a kku dk;Z lEikfnr fd;k tk jgk gSA Hkkjrh; lekt] xzkeh.k lekt dh es/kk dk i;kZ; gSA jk”

V

Vªh; vkUnksyu esa xzke LojkT; dk liuk lekt ds lkeus j[kk FkkA Hkkjrh; xzkeh.k lekt] dh lqIr ÅtkZ vkSj ‘ kfDr dh egRrk dks ckiw us tsguh rkSj ij le>k vkSj Lohdkj fd;k FkkA os ;g Hkyh Hkkafr tkurs Fks fd le`) jk” Vª dk mn~Hko] xzkeh.k lekt dh dks[k ls gh laHko gSA mudh Lora=rk dh vo/kkj.kk dsoy jktuSfrd gh ugha Fkh cfYd blls cgqr vf/kd O;kid FkhA vo/kkj.kkRed n`f”V ls ^ jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dk vk”k; jktuhfrd lUnHkksZa esa fdlh O;fDr dh lksp dh izHkko”

k; esa ;g ,d oS;fDrd /kkj.kk gS( ;g ,d

,slh Hkkouk gS tks jktuhfrd fØ;k ij izHkko j[krh gS( vFkok izHkkfor dj ldrh gSA Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Guruprasad Rathore 7222 (Pg. 7221-7230)

izLrqr vuql/a kku dk;Z lS)kfU

Vdks.kksa ls lkFkZd ,oa egRoiw.kZ fl)

gksxk ;Fkk& ¼1½

lS)kf

V ls ;g vuql/a kku dk;Z] jktuhfr foKku] jktuhfrd euksfoKku rFkk

vk;keksa jktuhfrd tkx:drk] jktuhfrd lgHkkfxrk rFkk ernku O;ogkjksa dks Li” V djsxk( lkFk gh jktuhfrd O;ogkj ds bl egRoiw.kZ ?kVd ds lEcU/k esa jktuhfr foKku ds kks/k v/;srkvksa dks uohu Kku iznku djk;sxk tks Hkfo” xgu v/;;uksa ds fy, ,d vk/kkj fl) gks ldsxkA ¼2½

V ls lekt ds vUrxZr thou mn~ns” ;ksa rFkk lkekftd jktuhfrd xfrfof/k;ksa ds lqpk: lapkyu esa] lekt ds fu;kedksa dk mfpr ekxZn” kZu djsxkA lkFk gh fuEuoxhZ; lekt dh jktuSfrd fØ;k” khyrk dks izksRlkfgr dj] yksdrkaf=d iz.kkyh dks kfDr iznku dj ldsxkA d” kZr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd izLrqr vuql/a kku dk;Z

Hkkjrh; yksdrU= ds orZeku Lo:i] lkekftd lajpuk rFkk laLFkkRed ifjorZuksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ ,oa lkFkZd fl) gks ldsxkA ” kk % lkekftd foKkuksa esa ^jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk* ¼jk0iz0Hkk0½ dh vo/kkj.kk cgqr vf/kd izkphu ugha gS fdUrq fQj Hkh] jktuhfr foKku] jktuhfrd euksfoKku rFkk jktuhfrd”

k;ksa

ds vUrxZr ;g izR;; vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku xzg.kdj pqdk gSA jktuhfrd O;oLFkkUrxZr jktuhfrd O;ogkj dk fo” ys” k.k djrs le; ^jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk* ds izR;; dh vogsyuk ugha dh tk ldrh gSA v

” ;d gSA

gksrk gSA ;Fkk% ¼1½ ;g D;k gS\ ¼2½ ;g D;k ugha gS\ V ls fopkj djus ij ge ikrs gSa fd jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ls vfHkizk; ukxfjdksa esa O;kIr og Hkkouk gS ftlds }kjk fdlh O;fDr ds izHkko dks jktuhfrd izfØ;kvksa esa ” ;d vuqHko fd;k tkrk gSA ftlds dkj.k ,d O;fDr Hkh vius ukxfjd drZO;ksa dk leqfpr ikyu djrk gS rFkk lkekftd o jktuhfrd ifjorZuksa dks lEHko cukrk gSA

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Guruprasad Rathore 7223 (Pg. 7221-7230)

^^jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk** ls vk”k;] O;fDr dh ml Hkkouk ls gS ftlds }kjk og kklu ;k ljdkj ds ekeys esa jktuhfrd izfØ;kvksa dks izHkkfor djus esa izHkkoh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg

djrk gSA Vdks.k ls fopkj djus ij ge ikrs gSa fd dHkh&dHkh jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dk

fopkj jktuhfrd tkx:drk] ukxfjd nkf;Ro cks/k] jktuhfrd lgHkkfxrk ;k jktuhfrd vfHk:fp dk i;kZ; yxrk gS( ijUrq okLrfodrk ,slh ugha gSA ^jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk* oS;fDrd {kerk Hkh ugha gSa vfir esa tu&tu dh izfrfØ;k O;Dr djuk gSA jktuhfrd

kCn dh mRifRr] vo/kkj.kkRed fodkl ,oa ?kVd %

^jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk* dh vo/kkj.kk cgqr vf/kd izkphu ugha gS] vfirq ,d uohu izR;; gS ftldk mn~Hko loZizFke vesfjdk esa lu~ 1950 ds nkSjku euksfoKku esa gqvk tcfd jktuhfr foKku fo” ” khyrk ds lerqY; ;k le:i ekuk x;kA izks0 dEicsy ¼1950½ og izFke fo}ku Fks] ftUgksua s bls ,d vo/kkj.kk dk :i fn;kA vkids erkuqlkj vdsys ;k vU; O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd ifjorZuksa dh xfr dks c<+kus ;k de djus rFkk jktuhfrd lRrk/kh” kksa dks vius bfPNr O;ogkj djkus ds izfr j[krk gSA mUgksua s bl vo/kkj.kk dk iz;ksx ukxfjd dh ml Hkkouk dks tkuus ds fy, fd;k] ftlds }kjk mlds dk;ksaZ dk jktuhfrd ?kVukvksa ;k jktuhfrd izdj.kksa ¼ekeyks½a ij izHkko iM+rk gSA jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk (Political Efficacy) ds ?kVd % vuqlfa /kRlq lUnfHkZr v/;;u&fo” k; dh vo/kkj.kk ls k; ^jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk* ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu ?kVdksa V djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA izR;sd v/;;udrkZ dks fdlh vo/kkj.kk ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa d

V djus ds fy, lkekU;r% nks /kjkryksa ij dk;Z djuk iM+rk gS %& izFke Lrj ij% ^lS)kfUrd Vl

V ls*A V* ls fopkj djus ij ge ikrs gSa fd fo}ku Msful us lu~ 1967 esa

jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ds ?kVdksa dks rhu Hkkxksa% ekun.M] gSfl;r ,oa O;fDr dk okLrfod vkpj.k( esa foHkDr djds mUgsa jk0iz0Hkk0 ¼jktuhfrd {kerk½ ds rRo ¼?kVd½ crk;kA Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Guruprasad Rathore 7224 (Pg. 7221-7230)

O;fDr ds okLrfod vkpj.k ds :i esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dk vk” k; O;fDr ds jktuhfrd lUnHkksaZ esa izHkkfor gksus@izHkkfor dj ysus okys O;ogkj ls gSA jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ds izFke ?kVd ^ekun.M* ds ijh{k.k gsrq fuEukWafdr rhu fcUnqvksa dk iz;ksx v/;;u esa fd;k tk;sxk& ¼1½

ernku djuk( ljdkj dks izHkkfor djus dk ,dek= rjhdk gS(

¼2½

ljdkj dh lgh ¼mfpr½ dk;Z iz.kkyh( cgqr cM+h lhek rd tuer ij fuHkZj djrh gS(

¼3½

dqN fo}kuksa dk dguk gS fd pqukoksa esa ernku djuk ;k ernku u djuk] nksuksa gh ifjfLFkfr;kWa ljdkj dks izHkkfor djrh gSaA V rkSj ij ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd Hkkjrh; lekt ds yksdrkaf=d <kWaps

ds ekun.Mksa ls jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ds mi;qZ Dr izR;;ksa rFkk rRo

B rFkk izR;{k

lEcU/k gksrk gSA kks/k&v/;;u ds fy, p;fur lwpuknkrkvsa esa bl ?kVd ds ijh{k.k gsrq fuEukWafdr fcUnqvksa dks iz;ksx esa yk;k tk;sxk& ¼1½

Hkkjr ds ukxfjd gksus ds ukrs gekjs fopkj ;k dFku dk ljdkj ij fo”

k izHkko iM+rk gS(

¼2½

ukxfjd( vxj pkgsa rks ljdkj dks cny ldrs gSa(

¼3½

ljdkj dh vuqfpr ;k xyr uhfr;ksa ds fo:) ukxfjdks@ a O;fDr;ksa dks laxfBr djuk lEHko gS(

¼4½

dHkh&dHkh ljdkjh ekeys brus tfVy o isphns gksrs gSa fd gekjh rjg ds lkekU; yksx ;g le>us esa vlQy jgrs gSa( fd D;k gks jgk gS( ;k D;k gksxk\

vuqla/kku&vfHkdYi % vuqlfa /kRlq us izLrqr ‘ kks/k&v/;;u dks lEikfnr djus ds fy, v/;;u leL;k dh izd`fr] v/;;u ds mn~ns” ;ksa rFkk ijh{k.kkFkZ fufeZr ifjdYiukvksa dh lkFkZd rk dh tkWap kksaZ dks rkfdZd :i ls Li” V djus ds fy, ^o.kZukRed vuqla/kku&vfHkdYi* fuEufyf[kr gSa& ¼1½ ¼2½

pjksa ds fu/kkZj.k djus ,oa muesa leUo; LFkkfir djuss gsrqA

¼3½

pjksa ds izdk;kZRed lEcU/kksa ,oa muds e/; lkgp;Z dk irk yxkus gsrqA

¼4½

v/;;u&lkexzh dks ekSfyd] oLrqfu” B rFkk oSKkfud :i esa izLrqrhdj.k esa lgk;dA

¼6½

v/;;udrkZ dks i{kikr] feF;k&>qdko ,oa fnXHkzfer gksus ls cpko djukA

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

” krk,a

Guruprasad Rathore 7225 (Pg. 7221-7230)

izLrkfor ‘ kks/k dk ekSfyd mn~ns”; ^^uxjh; ifjos”k esa jgus okys fuEu oxksZa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk**

kks/k&v/;;u ds

lEiknu gsrq fuEukWafdr iwjd mn~ns”; Hkh fu/kkZfjr fd, x;s gSa& ¼1½

funf”

BHkwfe dk v/;;u djuk]

¼2½

jktuhrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ds lhek&foLrkjksa dk v/;;u djuk]

¼3½

funf” kZrksa dh jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dk lekt ij iM+us okys izHkkoksa dk v/;;u ,oa ewY;kWadu djukA

izkDdYiukvksa dk fuekZ.k % izLrqr v/;;u ds vUrxZr lS)kfUrd rFkk vkuqHkfod ;FkkFkZrk tkuus dh n`f ” V ls izkDdYiuk,a fufeZr dh gSa( ftudh lR;rk ¼oS/krk½ ,oa lkFkZdrk dk ijh{k.k djds rRlEcfU/kr kZ mn~?kkfVr fd, tk;sx a s& ¼1½

mPp tkfr;ksa dh rqyuk es(a fuEu tkfr;ksa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk vf/kd ik;h tkrh gSA

¼2½

kksa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk vis{kkd`r vf/kd gksrh gSA

¼3½

f” k{kk dk jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ls /kukRed lg-lEcU/k gksrk gSA

¼4½

fgUnqvksa dh vis{kk eqlyekuksa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk izcy gksrh gSA

¼5½

lkekU; O;fDr;ksa dh vis{kk] jktuhfr ls tqM+s O;fDr;ksa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk vf/kd rhoz gksrh gSA

¼6½

tu lapkj lk/kuksa esa vf/kd :fp j[kus okys O;fDr( tu lapkj lk/kuksa esa de :fp j[kus okys O;fDr;ksa dh rqyuk esa jktuhfrd Kku vf/kd j[krs gSaA

¼7½ ¼8½

BHkwfe( jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dks izR;{kr% izHkkfor djrh gSA mPp jktuhfrd {kerkoku yksx( ernku esa fu;ked Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA

Yk[kuÅ uxj ds ifj{ks= esa fuokl dj jgs fgUnw rFkk eqlyekuksa dh tula[;kRed cgqyrk dks ns[krs gq, ^mn~ns”;iw.kZ fun”kZu* (Purpossive Sampling) i)fr }kjk fgUnqvksa rFkk eqlyekuksa esa ls izR;sd /keZ dks leku egRo iznku djrs gq, lkekftd&vkfFkZd rFkk tkfrxr vk/kkjksa ij fgUnqvksa ,oa eqlyekuksa dh fofHkUUk tkfr;ksa ls 100&100 ifjokjksa dk p;u ^xqPN U;kn”kZ fof/k* (Cluster Sample Method) rFkk mn~ns”;iw.kZ U;kn”kZ fof/k;ksa ls fd;k x;k gSA

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Guruprasad Rathore 7226 (Pg. 7221-7230)

rkfydk ua0 Øe 1 2 3

¼dks”

lkekftd vk/kkj ij tkfrxr Js.kh fuEu fuEu 25 ¼20-8½ e/;e 16 ¼13-3½ mPp 63 ¼19-7½ leLr ;ksx 104 ¼18-6½

e/;e 79 ¼65-8½ 75 ¼62-5½ 151 ¼47-2½ 305 ¼54-5½

forj.k mPp 16 ¼13-2½ 29 ¼24-2½ 106 ¼33-1½ 151 ¼26-9½

;ksx 120 ¼100-00½ 120 ¼100-00½ 320 ¼100-00½ 560 ¼100-00½

dkbZ&LDok;j (X2) = 35.9423 Lokra=; la[;k (df) = 4 : [(m-1) (n-1) = (3-1) (3-1)] lg&lEcU/k xq.kkWad (r) = 0.3211 ¼/kukRed lg&lEcU/k½ vkdfLedrk xq.kkWad (C.C.) = 0.24551 izLrqr rkfydk esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkouk ds rhu Lrjksa ¼fuEu] e/;e rFkk mPp½ esa oxhZd`r fd;k x;k gSA lkekftd tkfrxr vk/kkjksa ¼fuEu] e/;e rFkk mPp½ ds vk/kkj ij dqy 560 lwpuknkrkvksa esa ls 104¼18-6 izfr” kr½ lwpuknkrkvksa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dk Lrj fuEu] 305¼54-5 izfr” kr½ lwpuknkrkvksa esa jk0iz0Hkk0 dk Lrj e/;e rFkk 151¼26-9 izfr” kr½ lwpuknkrkvksa esa jk0iz0Hkk0 dk Lrj mPp ik;k x;k gSA rkfydk ds rF;ksa ds fo”ys”

V gS fd mPp

rFkk e/;e tkfr;ksa ds lwpuknkrkvksa dh rqyuk esa] fuEu Lrj dh jk0iz0Hkk0 okys lwpuknkrkvksa dh la[;k o izfr”krrk fuEu tkfr;ksa ds lwpuknkrkvksa esa vf/kd gSA ijUrq tc ge f mRrjksRrj c<+rk x;k gSA

Vikr djrs gSa rks ge ikrs gSa fd jk0iz0Hkk0 dk Lrj Hkh kCnksa esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd jk0iz0Hkk0 dk Lrj fuEu

tkfr;ksa ls e/;e tkfr;ksa esa( vkSj e/;e tkfr;ksa ls mPp tkfr;ksa esa vis{kkd`r vf/kd mPp ik;k x;k gSA

(X2) dk eku

¼34-9423½( Lokra=; la[;k (df) 4 ij (X2) ds fu/kkZfjr rkfydk eku ¼9-488½ ls vf/kd gksuk ;g V djrk gS fd lwpuknkrkvksa dh tkfr;ksa ds Lrj( jk0ziz0Hkk0 ds Lrjksa ls ?kfu” B :i ls lEcfU/kr gSa rFkk ;g lEc/k /kukRed lglEcU/k gSA

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Guruprasad Rathore 7227 (Pg. 7221-7230)

rkfydk ua0 ¼2½ % funf”kZrksa ds /keZ ,oa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ds Lrjksa dk fooj.k Øe

lwpuknkrkvksa ds /keZ

1

fgUnw

2

eqfLye leLr ;ksx

jk0iz0Hkk0 ds Lrj ¼vko`fRr;k¡@izfr”kr½ fuEu e/;e mPp 64 108 108 ¼23-0½ ¼38-5½ ¼38-5½ 40 197 43 ¼14-3½ ¼70-4½ ¼15-3½ 104 305 151 ¼18-6½ ¼54-5½ ¼26-9½

” kr n” kkZrs gSa½

¼dks Bdksa d

;ksx 280 ¼100-00½ 280 ¼100-00½ 560 ¼100-00½

dkbZ&LDok;j (X2) = 53.82751 Lokra=; la[;k (df) = (m-1) (n-1) = (3-1) (2-1) = 2 lg&lEcU/k xq.kkWad (r) = 0.13 (Negative) vkdfLedrk xq.kkWad (C.C.) = 0.28871 izlx a k/khu izLrqr rkfydk ds izkFkfed vkWadM+ksa ds fo”

V gS fd eqfLye lwpuknkrkvksa

dh la[;k ds yxHkx 70 izfr” kr lwpuknkrk jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ds e/;e Lrj ij gSaA tc fd fgUnw lwpuknkrkvksa esa ls 77 izfr” kr lwpuknkrk jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ds e/;e rFkk mPp Lrj ij gSaA ysfdu fgUnw lwpuknkrkvksa esa ls 38-5 izfr” kr lwpuknkrkvksa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dk Lrj ^^mPp** ik;k gS tcfd eqfLye lwpuknkrkvksa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk SA bu vkuqHkfod rFkk izkIr rF;ksa ds

Hkkouk dk mPp Lrj ek= 15vkyksd esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd& ¼1½

^^eqlyekuksa dh vis{kk fgUnqvksa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk vf/kd izcy gksrh gSA** ¼2½ ^^/keZ ,oa jktuhfrd {kerk Hkkou ijLij ?kfu”B :i ls lEcfU/kr gksrs gSaA** ¼3½ ^^/keZ( jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fu/kkZjd dkjd gSA** rkfydk ua0 ¼3½ lapkj&lk/kuksa dh miyC/krk ds Lrjksa ds vuqlkj lwpuknkrkvksa esa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ds Lrj

2

lapkj lk/kuksa dh miyC/krk ds Lrj dksbZ lapkj lk/ku miyC/k ugha de miyC/krk

3

e/;e miyC/krk

4

mPp miyC/krk

Øe 1

leLr ;ksx ¼izfr” kr½

jk0iz0Hkk0 ds Lrj ¼vko`fRr;k¡@izfr”kr½ fuEu e/;e mPp 50 55 09 ¼43-9½ ¼48-2½ ¼07-9½ 35 100 25 ¼21-9½ ¼62-5½ ¼15-6½ 12 54 16 ¼14-6½ ¼65-9½ ¼19-5½ 07 96 101 ¼03-4½ ¼47-1½ ¼49-5½ 104 305 151 ¼18-6½ ¼54-5½ ¼26-9½

” kZr vkWadM+s izfr” kr n” kkZrs gSa½

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

;ksx 114 ¼100-00½ 160 ¼100-00½ 82 ¼100-00½ 204 ¼100-00½ 560 ¼100-00½

Guruprasad Rathore 7228 (Pg. 7221-7230)

dkbZ&LDok;j (X2) = 106.71124 Lokra=; la[;k (df) = (m-1) (n-1) = (4-1) (3-1) = 6 lg&lEcU/k xq.kkWad (r) = 0.39 (Positive) vkdfLedrk xq.kkWad (C.C.) = 0.39997 ” k.k rFkk foospu ls Li” V gksrk gS fd& tSls&tSls ge ^^dksbZ lapkj lk/ku miyC/k ugha** ls lapkj lk/kuksa dh ^^mPp miyC/krk** dh vksj n`f” V Mkyrs gSa rks ikrs gSa fd jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ds fuEu Lrj esa mRrjksRrj deh gksrh x;h gS( ogha jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ds e/;e rFkk mPp Lrjksa esa mRrjksRrj o`f) gksrh ” ¼1½

” d” kZ izfrLFkkfir fd, tk ldrs gSa&

ftu yksxksa ds ikl lapkj lk/kuksa dh deh gksrh gS muesa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dk fueu Lrj ik;k tkrk gS ,oa ftu yksxksa ds ikl izpqj ek=k esa lapkj ek/;eksa dh miyC/krk gksrh gS] muesa jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dk Lrj gksrk gS(

¼2½

lapkj lk/kuksa dh miyC/krk rFkk jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ijLi

B :i

ls lg&lEcfU/kr gksrs gSa ¼3½

jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk( lapkj lk/kuksa dh miyC/krk ds lekuqikrh gksrh gSA lkWa[;dh; ijh{k.kksa ij tc ge fopkj djrs gSa rks Lokra=; la[;k (df)6 ij dkbZ LDok;j

(X2) dk x.kukRed eku ¼106-71124½ Lokra=; la[;k (df)6 ij (X2) ds rkfydk&eku ¼12-592½ ls dbZ xquk vf/kd gS] vkSj izkFkfed vkWadM+ksa ls lg&lEcU/k xq.kkWad dk [(+)0.39] /kukRed eku izkIr V djrs gSaA bu rF;ksa ds izdk”k esa fuEu

kksaZ

kZ LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gS fd& ^^lapkj&lk/kuksa dh miyC/krk( jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fu/kkZjd ¼dkjd½ gSA** rkfydk ua0 ¼4½ lwpuknkrkvksa ds jk0iz0Hkk0 ds Lrjksa ds lkis{k ernku djus ds fu.kZ; dks izHkkfor djus okys L=ksr Øe

jk0iz0Hkk0 ds Lrj

1

fuEu

2

e/;e

3

mPp leLr ;ksx ¼izfr” kr½

ernku fu.kZ; dks fe= ,oa iM+kslh 6 ¼05-8½ 4 ¼01-3½ 3 ¼02-0½ 13 ¼02-3½

izHkkfor djus ifjtu 25 ¼24-0½ 40 ¼13-1½ 15 ¼09-9½ 80 ¼14-3½

okys L=ksr Lo;a fu.kZ; 73 ¼70-2½ 261 ¼85-6½ 133 ¼88-3½ 467 ¼83-4½

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

leLr ;ksx 104 ¼100-00½ 305 ¼100-00½ 151 ¼100-00½ 560 ¼100-00½

Guruprasad Rathore 7229 (Pg. 7221-7230)

¼dks” dkbZ&LDok;j (X2) = 12.19972 Lokra=; la[;k (df) = (m-1) (n-1) = (3-1) (3-1) = 4 lg&lEcU/k xq.kkWad (r) = 0.12 (Positive) vkdfLedrk xq.kkWad (C.C.) = 0.145911 izLrqr rkfydk ds vkWadM+ksa ds fo”

V gksrk gS fd v/;;ukFkZ

p;fur dqy 560 lwpuknkrkvksa esa ls% fuEu Lrjh; jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk okys 104 lwpuknkrkvksa esa ls 6 ¼525¼24 izfr” kr½ dks ifjtuksa us rFkk 73¼70-2 izfr” kr½ Lo;a izHkkfor gq,( tcfd e/;e Lrjh; jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk okys 305 lwpuknkrkvksa esa ls 4¼1-3 izfr” kr½ dks fe= o iM+kSfl;ksa us 40 ¼13-1 izfr” kr½ dks ifjtuksa us rFkk 261 ¼85-6 izfr” kr½ Lo;a izHkkfor gq,A ijUrq mPp Lrjh; jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk okys 151 lwpuknkrkvksa esa ls 3¼2-0 izfr” kr½ dks fe= o iM+kSfl;ksa us 15¼9-9 izfr” kr½ dks ifjtuksa us rFkk 133¼88-1 izfr” kr½ lwpuknkrk Lo;a izHkkfor gq, gSaA =h rFkk jktuhfrd oSKkfud jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh leL;k dh xEHkhjrk ls Hkyh& HkkWafr ifjfpr gksrs gSaA jktuhfrd izHkkfodrk Hkkouk ,d ,slh izHkkfork Hkkouk gS deh ds :i es%a O;k[;kf;r fd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksa fd jktuhfrd {keroku ¼n{k½ yksx jktuhfr ds kklu }kjk fy, tkus okys uhfrxr fu.kZ;ksa( ;gkWa rd fd ljdkj dks Hkh izHkkfor dj ldrs gSaA bu leLr dkj.kksa ls jktuhfrd {kerk ls lEcfU/kr ;g jktuhfr lEcU/kh vkuqHkfod v/;;u% lekt oSKkfudks]a jktuhfrKksa rFkk ,s ls O;fDr;ksa( tks ” k egRo dk gSA vfr la{ksi esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd jk-iz-Hkk- lEcU/kh ;g ‘ kks/k&v/;;u lkekftd foKkuksa ds mu fo|kfFkZ;ks]a jktuhfrKksa] jktuhfrd fu;kstdksa rFkk lkekftd vfHk;Urkvksa ¼lksly bUthfu;lZ½ ds ” kdj fucZy oxksaZ ds lEcU/k esa jktuhfrd ifjizs{; esa KkuktZu djuk pkgrs gSa( ds fy, fo” lanHkZ % Atal, Yogesh; “Citizen’s Sense of Political Efficacy,” Economic and Political Weekly, (Annual) Ank, 1969.

Bone, H.A. and Ranney A; Politics and Voters, New York: McGraw- Hill Book Company, 1971.

Brooks, R.H.; “The Autonomy of Anomie” in Political Science Review, Vol.4, 1952 p.33-49.

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Guruprasad Rathore 7230 (Pg. 7221-7230)

Campbell, A. (et.al.) The Voter Decides, Illionois: Row Peterson, Evanston Press Evanston.

New York 1954.

Krishna, G.; “Electoral Participation and Political Integration” Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.2. (3-5), 1969.

Langton, K. and Karns D.; “Relative Influence of the Family, Peer-group and School in the Development of Political Efficacy” International Political Science Abstracts, Vol. 20, (3), 1969.

Varshney, Ashutosh: Electoral Politics in the Indian States: The Impact of Modernization, Manohar Publications, New Delhi 1997, p.112.

Vir Dharam. Political Efficacy in Lower Sections of Urban India, Classical Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1989.

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