AARTHIK SANVRUDHI AUR ROJGAR KE SANDARBH ME NIYOJAN KI BHUMIKA KA VISHLESHANATMAK ADHYAYAN

Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language , Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJIF 2016 = 4.44, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.48612, AUG-SEPT 2017, VOL- 4/23 https://doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v4i23.9644

vkfFkZd lao`f) vkSj jkst+xkj ds lUnHkZ esa fu;kstu dh Hkwfedk dk foS vuwi dqekj flag1, Ph. D. & foosd foSodekZ2 1

lgk;d izk/;kid ¼vfl0izks0½] O;kogkfjd vFkZ”kkL= foHkkx] okf.kT; ladk;] y[kuÅ fo”ofo|ky;] y[kuÅA 2 “kks/kkFkhZ] O;kogkfjd vFkZ”kkL= foHkkx] okf.kT; ladk;] y[kuÅ fo”ofo|ky;] y[kuÅA

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

izR;sd dky [k.M es]a vFkZ”kkL= vFkok jk’Vª dh ewyHkwr pqukSrh viuh tula[;k dh vko”;drk dh izR;sd oLrq,¡ vkSj lsok,¡ leqfpr ifjek.k esa miyC/k djkdj muds thou Lrj esa mRrjksRrj o`f) djuk gSA bl mn~ns”; dh izkfIr gsrq izR;sd ns”k dks /kkfeZd] lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fLFkfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij egÙoiw.kZ vkfFkZd fu.kZ; ysus gksrs gSaA bUgha vkfFkZd fu.kZ;ksa ls ,d vkfFkZd Lo:i dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS] ftls ^vFkZO;oLFkk dk laxBu* ;k ^vFkZO;oLFkk* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA oSf”od Lrj ij vkfFkZd lao`f) ,oa fodkl gsrq iw¡thoknh] lektoknh vkSj fefJr vkfFkZd iz.kkfy;ksa dks vFkZO;oLFkk Lo:i viuk;k x;kA ns”k ds ukxfjdksa ds thou Lrj esa mRrjksRrj o`f) ,oa lq/kkj ds mn~ns”; dks n`f’Vxr j[krs gq, Hkkjr us] izFke vkS|ksfxd uhfr izLrko&1948] vkfFkZd fu;kstu viukrs gq, fefJr vkfFkZd iz.kkyh dks viuk;k vkSj iapo’khZ; ;kstuk ds vk/kkj ij lao`f)] vk/kqfudhdj.k] vkRefuHkZjrk vkSj lekurk ds y{;ksa dh iz kfIr dks lqfuf”pr fd;k FkkA fu;kstdksa us mijksDr y{;ksa dh izkfIr gsrq ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa rhoz o`f) izkfIr dks ,d egÙoiw.kZ dkjd ekukA fu;kstudÙkkZvksa dk ekuuk gS fd mPpre th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj dh izkfIr ls u, jkst+xkjksa dk l`tu dj csjkst+xkjh] fu/kZurk] vkfFkZd vlekurk tSlh lkekftd&vkfFkZd leL;kvksa dk lek/kku fd;k tk ldrk gSA oLrqr% fu;kstu vof/k esa izkIr ifj.kkeksa ls Li’V gksrk gS fd lao`f) nj vkSj jkst+xkj Lrj esa u rks dksbZ lh/kk lEcU/k gS] u gh fu;kstu izfØ;k us jkst+xkj Lrj dks c<+kus esa dksbZ lkFkZd Hkwfedk fuHkk;hA Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma (Pg. 6005-6014) 6006

Hkkjr esa o’kZ 1970 ls iwoZ csjkst+xkjh dks xEHkhj lkekftd leL;k u ekuus ds dkj.k jkst+xkj vkSj csjkst+xkjh lEcU/kh leadksa dk vkdyu gsrq dksbZ O;kid ,oa laxfBr ljdkjh losZ{k.k ugha fd;k x;kA jkst+xkj vkSj csjkst+xkjh lEcU/kh O;kid vkadM+ksa dh miyC/krk o’kZ 1972&73 ls izkIr gksrh gSA o’kZ 1972&73 ,u0,l0,l0vks0 dk 27ok¡ nkSj dk o’kZ Fkk] tks eq[;r% jkst+xkj vksj csjkstxkjh ds izFke losZ{k.k ls lEcfU/kr FkkA bl lUnHkZ gsrq vc rd ukS iap okf’kZd losZ{k.k fd, x, gSaA bldk 68ok¡ nkSj ¼tqykbZ 2011 ls twu 2012½ jkst+xkj vkSj csjkst+xkjh ls lEcfU/kr 9ok¡ losZ{k.k gSA lkj.kh 1

jkst+xkj] jkst+xkj yksp vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn lao`f) nj ¼lh0,0th0vkj0 vfHkxe vk/kkfjr½

,u0,l0,l0vks0 nkSj ¼losZ{k.k vof/k½ 1972&73 ls 1977&78 1977&78 ls 1983 1983 ls 1987&88 1987&88 ls 1993&94 1993&94 ls 1999&2000 1999&2000 ls 2004&05 2004&05 ls 2009&10 2009&10 ls 2011&12

jkst+xkj nj1 2-6 2-1 1-7 2-4 1-0 2-8 0-1 1-4

lao`f) th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj 4-6 3-9 4-2 5-6 6-8 5-7 8-7 7-8

jkst+xkj yksp 0-57 0-54 0-42 0-43 0-15 0-50 0-01 0-18

lzksr& 1- vkfFkZd leh{kk 2015&16 dh lkj.kh 1-3¼d½ vkSj ¼[k½] 1-4¼d½ vkSj ¼[k½]

1-

5¼d½] 1-8 vkSj 1-9 i`’B la0 23 ls 29 vkSj 23 ls 38A 2- ,l 01 us”kuy ,dkWmUV~l LVsfVfLVDl 2012 vkSj ,l 01 us”kuy ,dkWmUV~l LVsfVfLVDl 2014] dsUnzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy;A 3- lkj.kh la[;k 4] feJk] laxhrk ,.M lqjs”k ^^,fLVesfVax ,EIykW;easV bykfLVflVh vkWQ xzkFs k Qkj nh baf.M;u bdksueh] twu 2014A

fVIi.kh1& jkst+xkj lao`f) nj jk’Vªh; izfrn”kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; n~okjk jkst+xkj ,oe~ csjkst+xkjh lac/a kh fd;s x;s vc rd fofHkUu ukS iap okf’kZd losZ{k.kksa ds vk¡dkM+kas ij vk/kkfjr gSA

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Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma (Pg. 6005-6014) 6007

vkjs[k la[;k 01 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

G.D.P. Growth Rate Employment Growth Rate

lkaf[;dh; mi&ifjdYiuk ijh{kk jkst+xkj vkSj th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj ds e/; lEcU/k dks] mi&ifjdYiuk dh lkFkZdrk dk ijh{k.k dj] lglEcU/k&lkaf[;dh;&ijh{kk ds vk/kkj ij Li’V fd;k x;k& Ho

% ¼fujkdj.kh; mi&ifjdYiuk½ jkst+xkj vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn lao`f) njksa ds e/;

dksbZ lkFkZd lEcU/k u gksukA H1

% ¼oSdfYid mi&ifjdYiuk½ jkst+xkj vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn lao`f) njksa ds e/;

,d lkFkZd lEcU/k gksukA mi&ifjdYiuk ijh{kk lglEcU/k

jkst+xkj lao`f)

th0Mh0ih0 lao`f)

lglEcU/k dkyZ fi;jlu lglEcU/k lkFkZdrk ¼f}&iqPN½ Sig.(2-tailed) izfrn'kZ la[;k (N) dkyZ fi;jlu lglEcU/k lkFkZdrk ¼f}&iqPN½ Sig.(2-tailed) izfrn'kZ la[;k (N)

jkst+xkj lao`f)

th0Mh0ih0 lao`f)

1

&0-721 0-043

8

1

&0-721

1

0-043 8

8

fu’d’kZ& ifjdfyr f}&iqPN dk eku 0-043 gS tks lkFkZdrk Lrj 0-05 ds eku ls de gSA vr% fujkdj.kh; mi&ifjdYiuk ¼ Ho½ vLohdk;Z ;ksX; gSA Li’V gS fd jkst+xkj vkSj Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma (Pg. 6005-6014) 6008

th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj ds e/; n`f’Vxr lkFkZd _.kkRed lglEcU/k ds QyLo:i oSdfYid mi&ifjdYiuk ¼ H1½ Lohdk;Z ;ksX; gSA vkjs[k vkSj lglEcU/k&lkaf[;dh;&ijh{kk ls ifjdfyr fu’d’kZ ls Kkr gksrk gS fd jkst+xkj lao`f) vkSj th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj esa c<+rk gqvk vUrjky jkst+xkjghu lao`f) dk lwpd gSA blls Li’V gS fd c<+rh gqbZ vkfFkZd lao`f) ds lkFk&lkFk jkst+xkj Lrj esa deh gksrh jgh gSA bl lUnHkZ esa xk¡/kh th dk ekuuk Fkk fd ^^ykHk dh Hkkouk ls izsfjr vR;f/kd c<+rk gqvk mRiknu yk[kksa yksxksa ds thou Lrj dks Å¡pk mBk ugha ldrk] tSlk fd iw¡thoknh iz.kkyh ds vUrxZr futh mn~;e vf/kdre ykHk dh Hkkouk ls mRiknu djrs gSa] u fd yksxksa ds thou Lrj dks Å¡pk mBkus ds mn~nsS; dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mRiknu ifjek.k dks c<+kus ds fy, mRiknu djrs gSaA** fodkl vFkZO;oLFkk dk eq[; mn~ns”; vkfFkZd Bgjko dks lekIr djuk ,oe~ vkfFkZd lao`f) dh xfr esa rhozrk ykuk gSA bu mn~ns”;ksa dh izkfIr esa iw¡thoknh vkfFkZd iz.kkyh viotZd dk dk;Z djrh gSA izks0 cjkWu us ;g vuqHko fd;k gS fd ^^lkekftd ?kVuk ds :i esa vifjes;rk ¼vlaxfr o rdZghurk½ ij rc rd fu;a=.k ugha fd;k vFkok ik;k tk ldrk gS] tc rd bldk vk/kkj iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk esa mRiknd&e”khusa cM+s gh vfuf”pr vkSj vlaxr <ax ls dk;Z djrh gSa] tks vdYiuh; gSA lg;ksx dh deh] O;kikj pØ dh lafØ;k esa mPpkopu] vkfFkZd vlekurk] lkekftd ijthfork] vkfFkZd vlqj{kk] vif”k’V izfr}fU}rk] vkSn~;ksfxd v”kkfUr bR;kfn leL;k,¡ lkekftd yxrh gSA tcfd iw¡thokn dh ;s dqN vokaNuh; vfHkO;fDr;k¡ gSaA oS;fDrd mn~;eksa dh izfrjks/kh lkekftd xfrfof/k;ksa ds fo’k; esa ftruk dgk tk;s mruk de gSA blfy, fodkl”khy ns”kksa esa ;fn rhoz vkfFkZd fodkl dks izkIr djuk gS] rks lkoZtfud {ks= gh mi;qDr gSA mijksDr dkj.k iw¡thokn vkSj dher ra= vFkkZr ek¡x vkSj laifw rZ ij vk/kkfjr dher fu/kkZj.k iz.kkyh dh lekfIr vkfFkZd fu;kstu dks vko”;d cukrh gSA vkfFkZd fu;kstu dks viukus lEcU/kh fopkjksa esa rkfdZd vUrj gks ldrs gSaA ;fn ,d ubZ vFkZO;oLFkk vkfFkZd fu;kstu dks viukrh gS] rks ,slh vFkZO;oLFkk dk Hkfo’; vKkr Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma (Pg. 6005-6014) 6009

ek=kRed o ifjek.kkRed izk:i ¼ekWMy½ ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA blds foijhr fodkl”khy ,oe~ fiNM+h vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh fLFkfr vyx gksrh gSA ;s vFkZO;oLFkk,¡ fu;kstu iz.kkyh dks “kq: dj pqdh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds lao`f) iFk dk dsoy vuqlj.k dj jgh gksrh gSaA bu ns”kksa esa fu;kstudÙkkZvksa n~okjk xyrh djus dh lEHkkouk de gksrh gS D;ksfa d muds ikl fu;ksftr vFkZO;LFkkvksa ds vkfFkZd izk:i ¼ekWMy½ ekStwn gksrs gSa] vkSj ftUgsa os ykHk ds lkFk viuk ldrs gSaA rhoz vkfFkZd lao`f) ds eq[; y{; dh izkfIr esa ,d fu;ksftr vFkZO;oLFkk vfu;ksftr vFkZO;oLFkk ls ges”kk Js’B gksrh gSA fu;kstu lfefr vFkZO;oLFkk ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds fy, Bksl y{;ksa dks fuf”pr djds ,d fuf”pr le;kof/k esa mudh izkfIr gsrq izHkkoh fØ;kUo;u djrh gS vkSj fu;kstu ds vPNs o csgrj ifj.kke ,oe~ miyfC/k;ksa dh izkfIr gsrq le;kof/k ds lkFk&lkFk fofHkUu y{;ksa dks izxfr”khy vk/kkj fu/kkZfjr djrh gSA ,d fu/kkZfjr y{; dh izkfIr ds i'pkr~ gh mRrjksRrj izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij fu/kkZfjr y{;ksa dks viukdj fu;kstu ds eq[; mn~ns”; dh izkfIr lEHko gSA vr% ,slk rHkh lEHko gS tc fu;kstu iw.kZ fu;ksftr gks vFkkZr~ vFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl gsrq cykriwoZd fu;kstu dk vaxhdj.k u fd;k x;k gksA Hkkjrh; lUnHkZ esa Hkh Lora=rk i'pkr~ xfrghu vFkZO;oLFkk dks rhoz lao`f)&xfr iznku djus gsrq fu;kstu dks viuk;k x;kA blls lao`f) nj esa o`f) rks gqbZ ysfdu fo:)rk csjkst+xkjh esa Hkh yxkrkj o`f) gksrh xbZA Hkkjr esa jkst+xkj vkSj csjkstxkjh dh izo`fRr lkj.kh la[;k 02

¼;w0ih0,l0,l0½

ladsrd jkst+xkj ¼fefy;u es½a csjkst+xkj ¼fefy;u es½a csjkst+xkj nj ¼izfr”kr es½a jkst+xkj yksp ¼izfr”kr esa½

1973 236-3 3-9 1-6 &

1983 299-5 5-8 1-9 0-52

1994 376-9 7-4 1-9 0-47

2005 461-1 11 2-3 0-30

2012 474-8 11-1 2-2 0-05

lzksr& 1-

,u0,l0,l0vks0 fjiksVZ la[;k 484A

2-

,u0,l0,l0vks0 fjiksVZ la[;k 554A

3-

lkj.kh la[;k 02] vxzoky] vkjk/kuk ¼2014½ % U;w bulkbV~l buVw n fjys”kuf”ki fcV~ohu ,EIykW;esVa ,.M bduksfed xzksFk bu bf.M;kA

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Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma (Pg. 6005-6014) 6010

mijksDr lkj.kh dk fo”ys’k.k djus ls izkIr jkst+xkj ,oa csjkst+xkjh lEcfU/kr fu’d’kksZa

ds vk/kkj ij fu;kstu dh Hkwfedk dh ;FkkFkZrk Kkr gksrh gSA bldk vkSj

vf/kd vkfFkZd fo”ys’k.k v/kksfyf[kr :i esa dj ldrs gSa& 1-

Hkkjr esa csjkst+xkjh ds vkdyu dh lkekU; vofLFkfr ¼UPSS½ ds vk/kkj ij izkIr fu’d’kZ n”kkZrs gSa fd yxkrkj [kqyh csjkstxkjh dh nj esa o`f) gqbZA o’kZ 1973 esa csjkst+xkjh nj 1-6 izfr”kr Fkh tks o’kZ 2012 esa

c<+dj 2-2 izfr”kr gks xbZA

blds vfrfjDr jkst+xkj&yksp esa fxjkoV vk;h tks mijksDr o’kksZa esa Øe”k% 0-52 izfr”kr ls de gksdj 0-05 izfr”kr gks xbZA bldk vk”k; gS fd vkfFkZd lao`f) gsrq egÙoiw.kZ ekuk tkus okyk fu/kkZjd ?kVd ldy ?kjsyw mRikn }kjk jkstxkj Lrj esa o`f) ugha gqbZ tcfd jkst+xkj yksp dks izfr bdkbZ mRiknu o`f) dh vuqfØ;k ds QyLo:i jkst+xkj esa gksus okyh o`f) ds vuqikr ds :i esa ifjHkkf’kr djrs gSaA 2-

Hkkjr esa Je ckt+kj] fuEu [kqyh csjkst+xkjh ds lkFk&lkFk fuEu vk; vFkok fuEu&e/;e&vk; ckt+kj dk izfr:i gSA vf/kdre tula[;k fuEu vk; ls lacfa /kr gksus ds dkj.k vf/kd le; rd csjkst+xkj ugha jg ldrh vkSj mUgsa isV dh vkx cq>kus ds fy, fdlh u fdlh dk;Z esa layXu gksuk iM+rk gSA bl dkj.k Je “kfDr dk ,d cM+k Hkkx —f’k o vU; Lojkst+xkj esa dk;Z”khy gks tkrk gS] tks Hkkjr esa LFkk;h o nh?kZdkyhu izPNUu csjkst+xkjh ds pØh; voLFkk dks cuk;s j[krk gSA —f’k o mlls lacfa /kr {ks=ksa esa 25 ls 30 izfr”kr yksx izPNUu csjkst+xkj gSaA dk;Zcy Lojkst+xkj esa 30 izfr”kr ls vf/kd dk;Zcy vkdfLed etnwjh vkSj 16 izfr”kr ds yxHkx fu;fer osru o etnwjh lEcfU/kr jkst+xkj esa layXu gSaA jkst+xkj ds mijksDr oxkZuqlkj Jfedksa ds forj.k dh fLFkfr ds vfrfjDr dk;Z”khy tula[;k dk O;kolkf;d <k¡ps ds vuqlkj forj.k vkSj fu/kZurk dh fLFkfr Hkh vR;Ur fpUrktud gSA Hkkjr esa 60 izfr”kr ls vf/kd dk;Z”khy tula[;k —f’k o mlls lEcfU/kr {ks= esa layXu gksdj th0Mh0ih0 esa dsoy 14 ls 15 izfr”kr dk ;ksxnku nsrh gSA fu/kZurk dh n`f’Vdks.k ls ns[kk tk;s rks o’kZ 1973 esa 320 fefy;u ls vf/kd O;fDr fu/kZurk dh js[kk ls uhps

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Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma (Pg. 6005-6014) 6011

FksA o’kZ 2011&12 esa ;g la[;k de gksdj 270 fefy;u jg xbZA ysfdu bl lUnHkZ esa nks egÙoiw.kZ rF; n`f’Vxr gksrs gSa& igyk] 44 o’kksZa eas dsoy 50 fefy;u O;fDr fu/kZurk js[kk ls Åij vk lds vkSj nwljk] o’kZ 1973&74 esa 80 izfr”kr ls vf/kd fu/kZu xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa cls Fks] ;g fLFkfr 2011&12 esa Hkh ugha cnyhA 3-

jkst+xkj ds lEcU/k esa fu;kstu izfØ;k iw.kZr;k fu;ksftr ugha jgh vkSj bldk vkaf”kd ldkjkRed izHkko 1970 ds n”kd rd gh n`f’Vxkspj gksrk gSA bl n”kd esa csjkst+xkjh dh nj 1-6 izfr”kr Fkh D;ksfa d bl le; fu/kZurk vkSj vkfFkZd vlekurk dks de djus gsrq uhfr;ksa dk lekos”ku fu;kstu izfØ;k esa fd;k x;k FkkA f}rh; fo”o ;q) ds mijkUr] ftu iwohZ ns”kksa nf{k.k dksfj;k] gkaxdkax] rkboku] eysf”k;k n~okjk fefJr vkfFkZd iz.kkyh viuk;h x;h FkhA mUgksua s 1960 ds n”kd ds e/; esa fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk dks iw¡thokn dh rjQ T;knk >qdk;kA ifj.kkeLo:i bu vFkZO;oLFkkvksa n~okjk mPp o`f) vkSj fodkl izkIr dj yh x;hA budh vkfFkZd lQyrk fo”o ds fy, fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk dk ,d lQy izk:i miyC/k djk jgk FkkA bl oSf”od vkfFkZd ?kVuk dk izHkko Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij Hkh iM+kA blds dkj.k Hkkjr esa f}rh; iapo’khZ; ;kstuk esa —f’k dks izkFkfedrk u nsrs gq, vkSn~;ksfxd fodkl dks izkFkfedrk nh xbZ vkSj 1980 dk n”kd vkrs&vkrs dY;k.kdkjh jkT; lao`f) ekWMy dk LFkku cktkj vk/kkfjr ;kstuk,¡ ysus yxhA vr% 1980 ds n”kd esa csjkst+xkjh dh nj 1-6 izfr”kr ls vf/kd gksdj 1-9 izfr”kr gks xbZA

4-

chloha lnh dk vkBoka n”kd ¼1980s½ fo”o dh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ¼ Economic reforms½ dh “kq:vkr dk dky jgkA vFkZO;oLFkk esa ljdkj dh Hkwfedksa dks ?kVkus dh lykg nh FkhA bl lgefr dk izHkko Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ij fn[kk;h nsrk gS] ¼fo”ks’kdj vkSn~;ksfxd uhfr 1984 vkSj 1985 ij½ ysfdu bl nkSj esa bls [kqydj ugha viuk;k x;kA ;kstuk vk;ksx n~okjk ,slh uhfr ifjorZu dh lykg 1985 esa nh

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Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma (Pg. 6005-6014) 6012

tk pqdh FkhA Hkkjr n~okjk ftl vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa dh izfØ;k dh “kq:vkr 1991 esa dh xbZA og ,d rjg ls okf”kaxVu lgefr dk Hkkjr esa foyEc ls igq¡puk dgk tk ldrk gSA blds vUrxZr mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k vkSj oS”ohdj.k ¼ LPG½ dh vkfFkZd lq/kkj dh izfØ;kvksa dk izkjEHk gksuk o’kZ 1990&91 ds vkfFkZd ladV ds dkj.k LoSfPNd u gksdj ck/;dkjh FkkA blds ¼,y0ih0th0½ izFke pj.k o’kZ 1993&94 ls 2004&05 esa csjkstxkjh dh nj esa o`f) 1-9 izfr”kr ls 2-3 izfr”kr gksus ls csjkstxkj O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k 7-4 fefy;u ls c<+dj 11 fefy;u gks xbZA o’kZ 2005 ls 2009 ds e/; csjkstxkjh dh nj esa U;wure deh 0-3 izfr”kr dh gqbZ] tcfd o’kZ 2011&12 esa iqu% c<+dj 2-2 izfr”kr gks xbZA Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd bfrgkl esa Li’Vr;k o’kZ 2005 ls 2012 ds e/; mPp lao`f) nj dk pj.k jgkA bl pj.k esa jkst+xkj esa gksus okyh U;wure o`f) th0Mh0ih0 esa o`f) ds dkj.k ugha cfYd csjkst+xkjh esa gksus okyh U;wure deh ds QyLo:i gqbZA 5-

Hkkjr esa jkst+xkj esa o`f) dh izo`fRr fujk”kktud jghA 1970 ds n”kd esa jkst+xkj dh fefJr okf’kZd lao`f) nj 2 izfr”kr ls vf/kd FkhA o’kZ 1973 ls 1978 ds e/; jkst+xkj dh lh0,0th0vkj0 2-7 izfr”kr vkSj o’kZ 1978 ls 1983 ds e/; 21 izfr”kr jghA o’kZ 1983 ls 1988 ds e/; jkst+xkj o`f) nj ?kVdj 1-8 izfr”kr gks xbZA blds i'pkr~ vxys ik¡p o’kksZa esa jkst+xkj o`f) nj 2-3 izfr”kr jghA o’kZ 1991 esa “kq: gq, vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i iqu% jkst+xkj ds Lrj esa deh vk;h] ysfdu o’kZ 2000 ls 2005 dh vof/k esa dsoy 60 fefy;u vfrfjDr jkst+xkj l`tu ls jkst+xkj Lrj esa FkksM+k lq/kkj gqvkA vr% o’kZ 1993&94 ls 2004&05 ds e/; jkst+xkj dh fefJr okf’kZd lao`f) nj 1-8 izfr”kr ds yxHkx gh cuh jghA dsoy 84-2 fefy;u vfrfjDr jkst+xkj l`ftr gks ik;kA jkst+xkj lao`f) laca/kh egÙoiw.kZ fpUrktud rF; o’kZ 2004&05 ls 2009&10 ds e/; ifjyf{kr gq, tc th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj mPpre vkSj jkst+xkj lao`f) nj ?kVdj 0-2 izfr”kr gks x;hA bl le;kof/k esa dsoy 5-7 fefy;u u;s jkst+xkj gh l`ftr gq,A vxys nks o’kksZa 2009&10 ls 2011&12 ds e/; jkst+xkj Lrj c<+dj yxHkx 1-0 izfr”kr ds fudV eqf”dy ls igq¡p ik;kA

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Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma (Pg. 6005-6014) 6013

o’kZ 2004&05 ls 2011&12 ds e/; lokZf/kd okf’kZd lao`f) nj rFkk izfr O;fDr vk; 6 izfr”kr ls vf/kd gksus ds ckotwn o’kZ 2005 ls 2012 ds e/; dsoy 13 fefy;u vfrfjDr u;s jkst+xkj l`ftr gks ik;s FksA blds vfrfjDr jkst+xkj&yksp esa gksus okyh mRrjksRrj fxjkoV] vFkkZr~ o’kZ 2000 ls 2005 ds e/; 0-3 izfr”kr ls Hkh de gksdj o’kZ 2005 ls 2012 ds e/; 0-05 izfr”kr] dk gksuk jkst+xkj l`tu gsrq fu;kstu izfØ;k dh fujk”kktud miyfC/k FkhA lS)kfUrd :i ls] Je “kfDr vkf/kD; vFkZO;oLFkk esa th0Mh0ih0 esa gksus okyh o`f) esa Roj.k lq/kkjkRed cktkj O;oLFkk n~okjk jkst+xkj dh o`f) nj dks c<+krk gSA vr% ckt+kj vFkZO;oLFkk esas vf/kdre cktkj&fu’diVrk ¼mnkjhdj.k½ }kjk Je “kfDr vkf/kD; vFkZO;oLFkk dks mRikn fof”k’Vhdj.k vkSj oLrqvksa ds fu;kZr dh vksj izsfjr djuk pkfg,A ftlls mRikn&fof”k’Vhdj.k dj fu;kZr lUnHkZ esa vkf/kD; Je “kfDr dk dk;Zcy ds :i esa rhoz mi;ksx gks ldsA oSf”od Lrj ij mnkjhdj.k }kjk jkst+xkj l`tu lEcU/kh izkIr ifj.kke larks’ktud ugha gSaA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk Hkh bldk viokn ugha gSA bldh iqf’V jkst+xkjghu vkfFkZd lao`f) n~okjk Lor% gksrh gSA vkfFkZd fu;kstu dh izklafxdrk gsrq lq>ko& 1.

o’kZ 1993 esa fo”o cSad dk

* uked izdkf”kr v/;;u

vkSj o’kZ 1999 esa fo”o cSad dh fo”o fodkl fjiksVZ esa vkfFkZd O;oLFkkvksa ¼ Economic Systems½

ij yxHkx vfUre fopkj izLrqr djrs gq, fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk

dks ,d csgrj fodYi crk;k x;kA bl ckr ij cy fn;k fd vFkZO;oLFkk dh lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr ds vuqlkj vkfFkZd fu.kZ; fy, tk;saA 2.

fu;kstu n~okjk gh —f’k o mlls lEcfU/kr {ks=ksa esa izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij u;s fljs ls fodsUnzhdj.k fodkl izfØ;k dk fØ;kUo;u fd;k tk;s ftlls fuEu mRikndrk vkSj izPNUu csjkst+xkjh dks nwj dj —f’k mn~;ksx dh eUnrk dks lekIr fd;k tk ldsA

3.

Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa 51 izfr”kr ifjokjksa dh dqy lEifRr esa fgLlk dsoy 10 izfr”kr gS vkSj “kgjh {ks=ksa esa 50-7 izfr”kr ifjokjksa ds ikl dqy ifjlEifRr dk dsoy 5-3 izfr”kr gSA ifjlEifRr;ksa ds bl nks’kiw.kZ forj.k dks fu;kstu }kjk gh

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma (Pg. 6005-6014) 6014

de djds fuEuLrjh; ekuo iw¡th dks mPp Lrjh; ekuo iw¡th esa cnyk tk ldrk gSA vesfjdh vFkZ”kkL=h tsEl0,l0 M~;wtucsjh us vius vuqHkotU; rF; ds vk/kkj ij fl) fd;k gS fd vkfFkZd vlekurk tSl& s tSls de gksrh gS] oSl& s oSls iw¡th lap; ¼fuos”k½ c<+rk gSA 4.

fu;kstu ,d yxkrkj pyus okyh ,oe~ lrr~ c<+us okyh izfØ;k gSA bls pquko ifj.kkeksa dh vfu;ferrkvksa ds Hkjksls u NksM+k tk;sA vko”;d gS fd ,d n`<+ jk’Vªh; pfj=] gks tks fcuk fdlh ekufld ck/kk ifjxzg ds lHkh jktuSfrd nyksa ds e/; ^^;kstuk dh vko”;drk dh ,d lkoZHkkSfed** lgefr cuk ldsA fu;kstu vkSj lkekftd ,oa lkaLd`frd vfHko`fRr;ksa esa ,d:irk gksuh pkfg, ftlls vkfFkZd fodkl gsrq ldkjkRed tu&lgHkkfxrk izkIr gks ldsA

lUnHkZ lwph& MkW0 FkkWel cyksx % bduksfed cSyasl fcV~ohu nh bZLV ,.M n osLV] dkWelZ]% ,uqvy 1958A mik/;k;] fueZyk; % ^^egkRek xk¡/kh dh Lojkt fo’k;d /kkj.kk** yksdra= leh{kk] tqykbZ&fnlEcj 1982] vad 3&4] i`’B 311 ls 314A Vh0,l0 iiksyk % xzksFk ,.M LVªDpj vkWo ,EIykW;esVa bu bf.M;k] ekpZ 2012A pkS/kjh] lqHkkfuy ¼2011½ ^^,EIykW;esaV bu bf.M;k] OgkWV bt+ n ysVsLV MkVk “kks\** bduksfed ,.M ikWfyfVdy ohdyh] vxLr 6A feJk] laxhrk ,.M lqjs”k ds0 vuwi % ,fLVesfVax ,EIykW;esaV bykfLVflVh vkWo xzksFk Qkj nh bf.M;u bdkWueh] twu 2014A vxzoky] vkjk/kuk ¼2014½ % U;w bulkbV~l buVw n fjys”kuf”ki fcV~ohu ,EIykW;esaV ,.M bduksfed xzksFk bu bf.M;kA vkfFkZd leh{kk 2011&12A vkfFkZd leh{kk 2013&14A vkfFkZd leh{kk 2014&15A ,u0,l0,l0vks0 fjiksVZ la[;k 484A ,u0,l0,l0vks0 fjiksVZ la[;k 554A us”kuy ,dkm.V~l LVSfVfLVDl 2014 fooj.kA

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