KRIDA ENAV SHARIRIK SHIIKSHA - EK SHAIKSHIK SAMPRATYAY

Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2017: 5.068, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFERRED JOURNAL, JUNE-JULY, 2019, VOL- 7/34

dzhMk+ fodzkUr falg

vflLVsVa izkQ s l s j

] ,y- ,l-,l-,l-,l- jktdh; egkfo|ky; ekWV ]eFkqjk Abstract

ns[kk tkrk FkkA Hkkjr esa lykg lfefr }kjk dsUnzh; ljdkj dks bl lUnHkZ esa lykg nh tkrh gS vkSj dsUnzh; ljdkj ds ek/;e ls ØhM+k

F;o/kZd vH;kl]

vklu] ey[ke] ysft;e] [kks&[kks] dcM~Mh] yaxknh] ykBh vkSj tkfEc;k vkfn ds iquLFkkZiu ds fy, iz;kl fd;s tkrs gSaA lHkh fo|ky;ksa esa lHkh iq:"k Nk=ksa ds fy;s jk"Vªh; dSMsV dksj esa Hkkx ysuk okaNuh; gksrk gSA ljdkj }kjk lu~ 1954 esa vky bf.M;k dkmafly vkQ LiksVZ~l uked lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;k FkkA izR;sd o" y;ksa dks ftlds jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; VwukZes.V esa lcls vf/kd lgHkkxh gksrs gSa mls vkt Hkh vCnqy dyke VªkQh iznku dh tkrh gSA % fteukft;e

A

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

v/;;u dh i

gsrq ,sfrgkfld i)fr dk iz;ksx fd;k

x;k gSA ,ao rF; ladyu gsrq iw.kZr% }Srh;d Jksrksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA [ksy @ØhM+k

esa lglEcU/k %

xqVeSu1 ¼2001½ us vfHku;iw.kZ fu;eksa ds fgrkFkZ iw.kZ LoPNanrk dk ,sfPNd leiZ.k dk izrhd [ksy gSA xqVeSu dk dFku gS fd [ksy izfr;ksxkRed ,oa vizfr;ksxkRed Li/kkZRed gksrs gSaA izfr;ksxkRed dks mlus izfrLi/kkZ dgk gS( vkSj i

kkj

kkjhfjd

izfrLi/kkZ ØhM+k gSA mlus ØhM+k dks [ksy

Z

i{k fufgr gksrk gSA xqVeSu ds mi;qZDr dFkuksa dk Li"Vhdj.k fuEukafdr izdVksa ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA ØhM+k esa uSfrdrk % ØhM+k esa uSfrd vuqHko( izfrfnu ds thou ds uSfrd vuqHkoksa ls fHkUu gksrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa uSfrdrk ds oSKkfud vuqla/kku dh leL;k vkSj tfVy gks tkrh gSA uSfrdrk ds ijEijkxr vFkZcks/k ls vyx Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

fodzkUr falg (Pg. 9113-9117)

9114

gksus rFkk iqufuekZ.k oknh mikxe dk iz;ksx fd;kA og blds lkekftd fuekZ.k ij cy nsrh gSA uSfrd lEcU/k cuk;s tkrs gSaA ;g vUrosZ;fDrd lEcU/kksa ij fodflr gksrh gS ftls uSfrd larqyu ds :i esa O;Dr djrh gSA mldk dguk gS fd uSfrdokn fookn dh izfØ;k }kjk uSfrd larqyu dks izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;g ek=k vkSj O;ogkj ds izxVhdj.k ds fofHkUu Lo:iksa ds lkFk fodflr gksrh gSA mldk dguk gS fd uSfrdrk ds vuqla/kku oSKkfud gks ldrs gSa vkSj bl lanHkZ esa mUgsa ekU;rk,a gksrh gSaA ØhM+k txr esa uSfrdrk dksbZ ckgjh oLrq ugha gSA mlesa lgHkkfxrk Lo;a gh vukSipkfjd uSfrd le>kSrs dh lgHkkfxrk dks bafxr djrh gS ¼ÝsysQ2 2006½A ØhM+k esa uSfrdrk fufgr gksrh gS fQj Hkh ØhM+k uSfrdrk dks nks vU; dkj.kksa ls vyx le>k tk ldrk gSA izFke ØhM+k lanHkZ lgHkkfx;ksa dks Lo;a ds vojks/kksa dks O;Dr djus esa lg;ksx nsrh gS rFkk ;g nSfud thou dh uSfrdrk dh vis{kk vkRe dsfUnzr uSfrdrk ds vknku&iznku ds fy;s lanHkZ iznku djrh gS ¼V~;wjhy3 2007½A ØhM+k lajpuk ds fofHkUu i{k lgHkkfx;ksa ds uSfrd fu.kZ; ds mRrjnkf;Ro dh eqfDr dk izdk;Z lEiUu djrh gSA Hkwfedk lfUufgr gksrh gSA lgHkkxh dks vius fu.kZ;ksa ds lanHkZ esa fofHkUu O;ogkj izfrekuksa esa ls ,d kfDr dk mi;ksx dc vkSj dSls fd;k tk;( ;g f[kykM+h ds uSfrd ewY;ksa ij vkfJr gksrh gSA dqN lhek rd ;s fu.kZ; vukSipkfjd :i ls f[kykfM+;ksa ds vkilh lEcU/kksa ij fuHkZj djrs gSaA uSfrd vknku&iznku ØhM+k vuqHkoksa dk ,d ?kfu"V i{k gSA thou ds uSfrd i{kksa ls fHkUu ØhM+k gksrk gSA loZJh gku ds oS;fDrd uSfrdrk dh fodkl dh fLFkfr;ksa dk fu"d"kZ ysrs gq;s ;g Li"V k ds }kjk tfVy uSfrd okn fooknksa esa lgHkkxh gksus dh {kerk mfpr uSfrd larqyu dh fLFkfr gSA uSfrd ifjiDork] uSfrd vf/kdkjksa vkSj mRrjnkf;Roksa ds ckjs esa lgefr dks tUe nsus ij vk/kkfjr okn&fookn dh izfØ;k }kjk lapkfyr vuqla/kkuksa ls ;qDr uSfrdrk fofHkUu ØhM+k( uSfrd foosd ds fy;s izksRlkfgr djrh gSA ØhM+k ds vUrxZr uSfrd larqyu dh fLFkfr gksrh gS] ijUrq ;g nSfud thou dh uSfrdrk ls dqN fHkUu gksrh gSA izfrfnu dh okLrfodrk ls ØhM+k dh okLrfodrk esa izR;korZu ds vUrxZr uSfrd :ikUrj.k lfUufgr gksrk gSA ØhM+k@[ksy ds egRo ds izfr mUes"k % dqN

}kjk

,sls lS)kfUrd vfHkdFkuksa rFkk izkDdYiukvksa dk fu:i.k djrs gSa] ftlds ek/;e ls ,FkysfVDl dh Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

fodzkUr falg (Pg. 9113-9117)

9115

lkFkZdrk ,oa egRrk dk lkekftd lEcU/kksa ij iM+s izHkko dh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA bl Js.kh esa loZJh leuj4 ¼2007½] ehM5 ¼2007½ vkSj cscyu6 ¼2008½ ds uke mYys[kuh; gSaA

esa

ØhM+k ds izdk;Z dh O;k[;k djus dk iz;kl djrk gS] tcfd euksfoKku ØhM+k ds vfHkizsjd tU; vUrZoLrq ls lEcfU/kr gSaA bUgksaus ,FkysfVDl fØ;k&dyki ds rhu i{k of.kZr fd;s gSa& ¼1½ izdk;Z ds :i esa] ¼2½ vfHkizsjd ds :i esa] ¼3½ vUrZoLrq ds :i esaA lkfgR; esa vfHku; Li"Vr% ,d oSKkfud vo/kkj.kk ds :i esa iz;qDr gSA ;g [ksy vkSj ØhM+k dh vo/kkj.kk ls iwoZ LFkkfir gqvk gSA loZizFke vfHku; dh vo/kkj.kk dk iz;ksx lS)kfUrd ifjizs{; esa lekt euksoSKkfud n`"VkUrksa esa fd;k x;k gSA ;Fkk& ¼1½

LisUlj ds vuqlkj [ksyuk viz;qDr {ks=ksa esa lafpr ‘ kfDr ;k mi;ksx gSA

¼2½

xzkl ds vuqlkj [ksyuk vFkkZr~ dzhMk+ thou ds fy;s Hkwfedk vH;kl gSA

¼3½

LVsuys us blds vk/kkj ij vfHku; dh O;k[;k fd;k gS Li"V fd;k gS vfHku; ,d rF; gS rFkk bldk lkjrRo n`"VC; gSA vfHku; izd`fr vkSj ekuo izd`fr dh izkFkfed vfHkO;fDr gSA

¼4½

eSDMqxy us vfHkO;Dr fd;k gS fd vfHku; ekuo izd`fr dh izkFkfed vfHkO;fDr gS tcfd(

¼5½

flesy egksn; us vius ys[k esa lq>ko fn;k gS fd [ksy ,d ,slk izdk;Z gS tks yksxksa dks izkS<+ Hkwfedk gsrq rS;kj djrk gSA

¼6½

cscj ;g ek= ,d ikf{kd lS)kfUrd izk:i dks fodflr djus ds iz;kl esa ugha gS] ftlls [sky ds ijeijkxr vk;keksa dh O;k[;k dh tk ldsA

cscj us [ksyksa ds ,sfrgkfld izpyu dks lkekftd :i fn;kA blh izdj.k esa euksoSKkfud ehM us Hkh ^Lo* ds fodkl gsrq mRrjnk;h gSA orZeku le; esa [ksy dh vo/kkj.kkRed O;k[;k ds lEcU/k esa xkQeSu vkSj ,fjd ouZ dk uke loksZifj gSA xkQeSu ds vuqlkj [ksy izLFkkfir fØ;kdykiksa dh ,d O;oLFkk gSA ftlesa ,sls fu;e lekfgr gSa] tks lHkh lgHkkfx;ksa dks Hkwfedk& [ksy vkSj vUr%fØ;k gsrq vfHkizsfjr djrs gSaA tcfd cuZ egksn; us O;Dr fd;k gS fd [ksy ifjfLFkfr ds vUrxZr ekuoh; vUr%fØ;k ds fofo/k Lo:i vUrZfufgr gSaA FkLVhZu csCyu us ^fFk;jh vkQ n ystj Dykl* esa O;Dr fd;k gS fd ØhM+k( vlH; ekuo laLd`fr dk izfrdwy izk:i gSA leuj }kjk jfpr iqLrd ledkyhu ys[kdksa }kjk Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

fodzkUr falg (Pg. 9113-9117)

9116

k.k izk:i eq[; gSA ^LiksVZ eSFkMksykWth* ij miyC/k lkfgR;ksa dk iqujksoyksdu djus ls ;g ifjyf{kr gksrk gS fd cgqr gh de ,sls vkuqHkfod vuqla/kku rFkk losZ{k.k lEikfnr fd

kkL=h; rduhdksa dk Kku

gksrk gSA ikjlUl ds vuqlkj ^izR;sd lkekftd O;oLFkk] ckº; i;kZoj.k dks vkRelkr djus] lkewfgd y{; izkfIr rFkk lekt esa ekStnw foHksnhd`r rRoksa dh fujUrjrk lEcU/kh izdk;kZRed leL;k ls lEcfU/kr gksrh gSA bu leL;kvksa ds lek/kku gsrq izfrekfur vfHkdj.k lekt dh fofo/k mi O;oLFkkvksa ds chp foHk

kS{kf.kd jkT; O;oLFkk;saA bl izdkj ;g Li"V gS fd ØhM+k

,d lkekftd miO;oLFkk dk ,d rRo gks ldrk gSA kr% vesfjdk esa laxfBr ØhM+k dk vH;qn; 100 o"kZ ls dqN igys gqvkA ØhM+k dk fodkl] cM+s iSekus ij vkS|ksfxdj.k] uxjhdj.k ds izfrQy vkSj lapkj lk/kuksa dh vfHko`f) ls izHkkfor gqvkA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vkS|ksfxdj.k] uxjhdj.k ,oa lapkj lk/kuksa esa ftruh esa ØhM+k eq[;r% euksjatu dh fo"k;

oLrq

ds

:i

esa

iz;qDr

gksus

yxhA tSlk fd ml le; ukSdk;r]

euksjatukRed Lo:i Fkk tSlkfd ml le; jksfoax ,.M gkWlZ jsflax [ksy ds :i esa fxuk tkrk Fkk bl dkykof/k esa vesfjdk izeq[k :i ls d`f"k iz/kku jgkA ;krk;kr lk/kuksa esa vfuok;Z ifjorZu krkfCn;ksa rd ugha ds cjkcj FkkA 10 esa ls 8 yksx d`f"k dk;ksZa esa layXu FksA bl izdkj LiksVZ ds ikl cgqr gh de fodkl dk volj FkkA

krkCnh esa vk/kqfud [ksy dk vH;qn; gksuk izkjEHk

yxhA fteuksfLVd vkSj lkbfdy pkyu dk;Z iM+kSliu esa gh laxfBr FkkA flfoy ;q) ds le; esa VZ ugha Fkk] tSlkfd vktdy ge yksx tkurs gSaA ysfdu izf

” khdj.k us jk"

[kM+k dj fn;kA yksdfiz;rk vkSj ykHk nks ,sls dkjd gSa] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i cslcky us uohu eksM+ ys fy;kA lu~ 1869 esa QqVcky dks Hkh ekU;rk iznku dh x;hA kkjhfjd fØ;kvksa ls tqM+s [ksy tSls& QqVcky] xksYQ] VªSd ,.M QhYM] gS.Mcky vkSj Vsful dks vkSj dkd Qkbfjax dks ØhM+k ugha dgk tk ldrkA ØhM+k ¼LiksVZ½ fefMy vaxzsth fØ;k ^LiksVsZu* ls znku djus dk lk/ku gS kCn O;qRifRr foKku }kjk izsfjr vFkZ gSA blls ØhM+k dh okLrfod ifjHkk"kk ugha dh tk ldrhA dqN ys[kdksa us ØhM+k

” kdh; izfØ;k ds :i esa ns[kk gSA bl lanHkZ esa

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

fodzkUr falg (Pg. 9113-9117)

9117

eZ dh lerk ds vk/kkj ij ifjHkkf"kr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA mldk dguk gS fd ØhM+k vkSj /keZ nksuksa izR;sd O;fDr ds fy, vyx&vyx vFkZ cks/k vfHkO;Dr djrs gSaA oLrqr% ØhM+k] /keZ dh Hkkafr gh ifjHkk"kk ls

kCnkoyh ds ijs gSA blesa os rRo ugha ks/k iz?kVukoknh ifj{ks= ds n`f"Vdks.kksa ls ” kd mikxe ugha iznku djrkA ØhM+k dks

[ksyus vkSj dk;Z dh fu

kkjhfjd fØ;k dh laLFkk ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr

fd;k [ksyuk dks vyx djrk gSA bl ifjHkk"kk dk nwljk egRoiw.kZ Hkkx ØhM+k dk izfrLi/kkZ ” krk ds :i esa le>k tkrk gSA eSFkuh dk

gSA }U}kRed ;k la?k"

dFku gS fd ^^vPNk >xM+k** izfrLi/kkZ esa fufgr gksrk gSA izfr;ksfxrk Hkh ,d nwljs ds e/; gksrh gS] u fd fdlh O;fDr

k dhA

egkfo|ky; Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ØhM+k&lgHkkfxrk ,oa O;fDrRo fodkl % D;ksafd vfuo ls O;fDrRo dk fodkl gksrk gSA egkfo|ky; Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ØhM+k&lgHkkfxrk ,oa ikjLifjd ln~Hkko % ØhM+k lgHkkfxrk rFkk ikjLifjd eS=h o ln~Hkko ijLij fuc) vo/kkj.kk,a gSaA ØhM+kvksa esa lgHkkfxrk djus ls fofHkUu /keksZa rFkk fyaxksa ds f[kykfM+;ksa esa ikjLifjd ln~Hkko rFkk eS=h tfur gksrh gS tks lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko rFkk jk"Vªh; ,drk esa lgk;d gSaA lanHkZ% Kenyon G.S.; The Factors Affecting Sport Consumer, Magazine of National College of Physical Education, Published Paper, New Jersey, 2001, p.10.

Lay J.W.; The Nature of Sport : A Definitional Effort Quest.; 10 May 2002, p-7 Spinard W.; „Some Concepts‟ Regarding Sport, International Review of Sport Sociology, 2004, (5), 25-26.

Long G.E.; “Riotour Qutbursts in Sport Events”, Published Paper, Seventh World Congress, (I.S.A.), Bulgaria, 2006, p.20-21.

Kleinman S.; A Study to Determine the Reactors that Influence the Behaviour of Sport Crowds, The Ohio State University Press, London, 2009:5.

Burmann H.G. (et.al) Athletics and Status : An Examiantion of the Relationship between Athletic Participation & Various Status measures of High School Girls; Chicago Univ. Press, Chicago, 2011, p.45.

Nakhooda Z.; Leisure & Recreation in Society; Kitab Mahal Publications & Distributors, Allahabad, 2013.

Pandey M.K.; Leisure-Time Activities in Urban Family; Paper Presented in 14th All India Sociological Conference; University of Jabalpur (M.P.) Dec. 2014.

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies