Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2018 = 6.371, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFERRED JOURNAL, JULY-AUG, 2019, VOL- 7/52
dsnkjukFk vkink izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=&Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij iM+us okys izHkko dk v/;;uA 'kadj flag1] çks- jek eS[kqjh2 & vfur dkSj3 1
'kks/kkFkhZ] f'k{kk foHkkx] fcMyk ifjlj gs-u-c-x<+oky fo'ofo|ky;] Jhuxj x<+oky çksQl s j f'k{kk foHkkx] fcMyk ifjlj] gs-u-c-x<+oky fo'ofo|ky;] Jhuxj x<+oky 3 f'k{kk foHkkx] fcMyk ifjlj] gs-u-c-x<+oky fo'ofo|ky;] Jhuxj x<+oky 2
Abstract
mÙkjk[k.M ftls nso Hkwfe ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS ogh nwljh vksj ç fr dh xksn esa clk gS vFkkZr ;g ltZu vkSj fo/oal ds e/; lUrqyu ds ml dsna fcUnq dh rjg gS tks lEiw.kZ thou dk pØ gS çLrqr v/;;u dk mís'; dsnkjukFk vkink izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=&Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij iM+us okys izHkko dk v/;;u djuk gS çLrqr 'kks/k i= esa U;kn'kZ ds fy, dsnkjukFk vkink çHkkfor #æç;kx ftys ds vxLR;eqfu fodkl[k.M ds vkink mPp çkFkfed fo?kky;ksa ,oa mues esa v/;;ujr 80 fo/kkfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gS çn~Ùkks ds ladyu ds fy, vkink 'kks/kkFkhZ }kjk LofufeZr vkink çHkkfor ekufld ncko ekiuh ,oa 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds fy, fo/kkfFkZ;ksa ds okf"kZd fjiksVZ ds vadks dks fy;k x;k gS vkadM+ks ds fo'ys"k.k ds fy, t dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS vkadM+ks ds laxzg.k vkSj fo'ys"k.k ds mijkUr fu"d"kZ çkIr gq, gS fd vkink çHkkfor fo?kky;ksa esa v/;;ujr fo/kkfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld ncko dk muds 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij lkFkZd çHkko iM+k gS rFkk iw.kZr vkink {kfrxzLr fo?kky;ksa esa v/;;ujr fo/kkfFkZ;ksa ,oa vkaf'kd :i ls {kfrxzLr fo?kky;ksa esa v/;;ujr fo/kkfFkZ;ksa ds 'kSf{kd miyfC/k esa lkFkZd varj ik;k x;k gS A eq[;'kCn & dsnkjukFk vkink] ekufld ncko] 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ,oa mPp çkFkfed fo?kky; A Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
izLrkouk vk/kqfud le; foKku ,oa rduhdh dk le; gS tks ekuo ds fujurj fodkl dk gh ifj.kke gSA fodkl dh bl xfreku izfØ;k esa dkjdksa dh [kkst djs rks loksZÙke rRo f'k{kk gSA ftldh lgk;rk ls gh vkfne ;qxhu lH;rk ls ekuo us vkt ds oSKkfud vf}rh; ;qx esa izo'sk h fodkl ds lHkh izfreku cursa gS vkSj ftldk mfpr mi;ksx o iz;ksx f'k{kk ds tfj;s gh lEHko gSA ekuoh lH;rk dk vkfne ;qx gks ;k pkgsa vkt dh lwpuk rduhdh ls Hkjiwj laL fr dk ;qxA gj nkSj esa f'k{kk us gh O;fDrRo fodkl o lkekftd fodkl ds rku&ckusa dks cquk gSA fodkl ds lHkh {ks=ksa ds izfreku ;Fkk lkekftd] jktSfrd] oSKkfud] vkfFkZd] /kkfeZd] 'kSf{kd] lkaL frd o i;kZoj.kh; bR;kfn gj {ks= esa f'k{kk us gh vge~ Hkwfedk fuHkk;h vkSj fuHkk jgh gSA blesa dksbZ gtZ ugh vxj dgsa fd f'k{kk ekuo fodkl dh ,d tUetkr izfØ;k gS tks thou ds vfUre {k.k rd ekxZiznf'kZr djrh gS rFkk vkus okyh gj ih<+h dks fodkl ds vkSj vf/kd mPp ik;nkuksa dh rjQ ys tkrh gSA tSlk fd tkWu Mh0oh0 us dgk gS fd&Hkkst dh Tcksa egRrk 'kjhj ds fy, gS ogha egRrk lekt ds fy, f'k{kk dh gSA f'k{kk ds tfj;s gh ekuo vuqla/kkuksa us loZizFke tc ,d Øec) bdkbZ ds :i esa fo'o dk fp= [khapk rks bls czá.M Cosmas dh laKk nh x;hA czá.M vius vki esa vfr fo'kky o jksea kfpr Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12702
?kVukvksa ls Hkjk iM+k gSA egku fo'kky czá.M ds Kkr xzgksa esa i`Foh gh ,dkek= thou ls ifjiw.kZ xzg gSA ftlesa mifLFkr okrkoj.k] i;kZoj.k vFkkZr i`Foh gh ,dek= thou ls ifjiw.kZ xzg gSA ftlesa mifLFkr okrkoj.k I;kZoj.k vFkkZr i`Foh dh iz fr gh i`Foh dks vuks[kk rFkk thou dk vk/kkj nsrh] tk p;Zpfdr djus okyh ij iz fr foKku dh dLkkSVh ij ,dne lVhd o O;kkogkfjd gSA i`Foh V vazx gSA i`Foh ds vUrZxr LFky e.My] tye.My] ok;qe.My] i`Foh dk vH;kUrj ,oa lkSj lEcU/kksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA i`Foh dk lcls vn~Hkwr xq.k bldksa mifLFkr i;kZoj.k gSA vius vuqdwy i;kZoj.k ,oa mldh n'kkvksa ds dkj.k gh i`Foh lalkj ds leLr tho/kkfj;ksa ds fy, thoui;ksxh ifjfLFkfr;ka izLrqr djrh gSA ifjorZu iz fr dk lkoZHkkSfed fu;e gS] rFkk ;g ifjorZu izR;{k o ijks{k :i ls i`Foh ds izk frd rFkk lkL frd i;kZoj.k ds ?kVdksa esa mRiUu vlarqyu ds dkj.k gksrk gSA blh ifjorZu'khy iz fr dk ifj.kke gS fd i`Fohry ij vusd ,slh ?kVuk,a ?kVrh gksrh gS tks vR;Ur fouk” kdkjh gksrh gSA ftUgsa lkekU; rkSj ij izk frd vkink,a dgk tkrk gSA izk frd vkinkvksa us fdl rjg cM+s iSekus ij ekuoh; thou dks izHkkfor fd;k gSA vkt oSKkfud o fodkl ds /kqu esa [kks;s va/k nqfu;k ;g dFku fd&^euq"; iz fr^ dk nkl gS^ lR; pfj=kFkZ izrhr gksrh gSA mÙkjk[k.M Hkkjr ds mÙkj esa fLFky gSa] jkT; dk HkkSxksfyd foLrkj mÙkjh va{kk'k eswa 28043 ls 31027’ rd rFkk ns'kkUrjh; fLFkfr iwohZ ns'kkUrj esa 77034’ls 81002’ds chp esa 53]483 oxZ fdeh gS tks fd ns'k dk ¼1-69%½ Hkkx gSA ftlesa ls 43]035 fdeh ioZrh; vkSj 7]448 fdeh eSnkuh Hkkx gS rFkk 34]651 fdeh Hkw&Hkkx oukPNkfnr gSA jkT; dh lhek,a mÙkj es frCcr vkSj iwoZ esa usiky ls yxh gSA if'pe esa fgeky; izns'k vkSj nf{k.k esa mÙkj izns'k ls jkT; dh lhek yxh gSA fgeky; nqfu;k dk lcls uohuÙke ioZr gS tks vius fuekZ.k dh voLFkk gS rFkk orZeku esa fo'o dk lokZf/kd vfLFkj Hkkx gSA blh dkj.k i;kZoj.kh; fofo/krk ,oa tyok;q fofo/krk rFkk fodkl dh nkSM+ esa voSKkfud rjhdksa ls vkxs c<+rs ls le;≤ ij jkT; esa O;kid Lrj ij izk fr vkink;sa vkrh jgrh gSA HkwdEi vk pqds gS oSls rks euq";rk vius mRifRr dky ls gh izk jgk gSA exj fgeky;h {ks= gksus ds dkj.k jkT; esa izk frd vkinkvksa dh laons u” khyrk vR;f/kd gSA20 vDVwcj 1991 dks mRrjdk'kh esa vk;h HkwdEi ,oa blls izHkkfor tuin fVgjh] peksyh vkSj :nziz;kx eas vkink ds dkj.k yxHkx 800 yksxksa dh e`R;q 500 ls vf/kd O;fDr ?kk;y gq;s vkSj 2000 xkaoksa dh djhc 45 yk[k yksx izHkkfor] 25000 ls vf/kd edku vkaf'kd :i ls izHkkfor] 4000 ls vf/kd i'kq gkfu 370 djksM+ :i;s dh dqy gkfu gSA dsnkjukFk jkT; ds :nziz;kx ftys esa leqnzry ls 3584 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij fLFkr Hkxoku f'ko dks lefiZ r LFkku gSA /kkfeZd ekU;rk ds vuqlkj egkHkkjr ;q) ds ckn ikaMoksa us vius lxs lEcfU/k;ksa dh e`R;q ij izk;f'pr ;gh ij fd;k FkkA fgUnw /kkfeZd xzUFkksa esa mYyf[kr ckjg T;ksfrfyZaxksa esa lcls Å¡pk ,oa HkSjo eafnj 'kadjkpk;Z dh lekf/k vkSj xka/kh ljksoj tSls vkfn izfl) LFky gSA fnlEcj ls ekpZ rd ;g mPp fgeky;h {ks= cQZ ls <dk jgrk gS vkSj dsnkjukFk Hkxoku f'ko dk fuokl LFkku ekuk -eh-½ tksfd lkekU; csapekdZ ls yxHkx 40 izfr'kr vf/kd FkhA QyLo:i Hkkjh eqlyk/kkj ckfj'k ckny QVus ls Xysf'k;j fi?kyus] HkwL[kyu o ufn;ksa ¼vyduUnk] HkkxhjFkh] eankfduh] y{e.k xaxk] vLlhxaxk] dapuxaxk o fi.Mj½ vkfn ls rhoz mQku ls ck<+ ds dkj.k peksyh] mÙkjdk'kh] :nziz;kx] ikS<+h x<+oky] fVgjh x<+oky o fiFkkSjkx<+ esa Hk;adj rckgh ephA lqnwj laons u'khy laLFkku ¼IIRS) ds vuqlkj rhoz o"kkZ ds dkj.k dsnkjukFk ds mÙkj iwoZ esa fLFkr daifs u;u o pkSjkckjh Xysf'k;j dh Åijh ijr fi?kydj xka/kh ljksoj dks rksM+rs gq, dsnkjukFk dh vksj eycs ds lkFk rhoz osx ls izHkkfor gq;h Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12703
ftl dkj.k dsnkjukFk eafnj ifjlj dh yxHkx 90 /keZ'kkyk;sa ,oa lSdM+ksa nqdkus o iwjk eafnj ifjlj eycs esa iV x;kA gtkjksa yksx eycs esa nQy gks x;s ;k cgdj dkykfrr gq,A mÙkjk[k.M esa twu 2013 dks gq;h Hkkjh ckfj'k dks fiNys 5 o"kksZa ds twu ekg esa gq;h ckfj'k ls vyx djus ij ns[k ldrs gSa fd fdlh rjg ek= 14&17 twu ds e/; ckfj'k dh vkSlr ek=k vpkud vR;f/kd c< x;h FkhA 14 ls 19 twu ds chp fdl rjg vpkud ckfj'k ls ufn;ksa esa ikuh dk Lrj c<+k vkSj ikuh ds c<+rs Lrj ds dkj.k ck< o HkwL[kyu dh fLFkfr iSnk gq;hA mÙkjk[k.M ds 15760 vkckn xk¡oksa esa ls 14000 xk¡o ioZrh; {ks=ksa esa fLFkr gSA tkfgj rkSj ij fgeky;h jkT; ds ioZrh; xk¡o izd`fr ds xksn esa fLFkr gSa rFkk izd`fr dh gj ?kVuk bu xzkeokfl;ksa dks izR;{k rkSj ij vR;f/kd izHkkfor djrh gSA jkT; ds 14000 ioZrh; xkao esa ls dsnkjukFk vkink esa yxHkx 5000 xk¡o izHkkfor gq,A vkink esa djhc 2500 xk¡oksa dks {kfr igq¡ph tcfd 151 xk¡oksa esa cus iSekus ij =klnh@cckZnh gq;hA 2500 edku iw.kZ :i ls {kfrxzLr gq, gSA ek= 3 ftyksa esa dqy 1840 ekxZ VwVs gSaA fgeky;h lqukeh ds uke ls izfl) vkink us rckgh ds vkxks'k esa lcls vf/kd dsnkjukFk o eankfduh unh dh ?kkfV;ksa dks fy;kA xkSjhdq.M&dsnkjukFk iSnyekxZ ij fLFkr 100 ls vf/kd nqdkuksa okyk jkeck.kk cktkj dk vfLrRo iwjh rjg lekIr gks x;k gSA vxLR;eqfu] xkSjhdq.M] lksuiz;kx o fryokM+k Hkh Hka;dj =klnh dh fLFkfr esa igq¡psA bl vkink dh lokZf/kd ekj >syus okyh Å[kheB rglhy ds 103 xk¡oksa ds lM+d o iSny ekxZ iwjh rjg /oLr gks x;sA dbZa xk¡o rks iwjh rjg eankfduh unh es afoyhu gks x;s gS bl fgeky;h lqukeh esa yxHkx 1076 lM+ds iwjh rjg cckZn o 94 lsrq ck<+ ds lkFk cg x;s ftlls 250 djksM+ ls vf/kd dk uqdlku gqvkA dsnkjukFk eafnj ds pkjksa vksj 400 ehVj ,fj;k esa ekStwn lkr gtkj yksxksa eas ls ek= ,d gtkj gh cp ik;s rFkk dhfrZuxj esa ljdkjh foHkkxksa o Ldwyksa dks izkjfEHkd :i ls 10 djksM+ ds uqdlku dk vkdyu gqvk vkSj vkink izHkkfor bykdksa esa yxHkx 30 gtkj ;k=h Qals gq, FksA xksfoan ?kkV ls gsedq.M lkfgc iSny ekxZ ij cls H;waMkj vkSj iqyuk xkao dk ukeksfu'kku rd xk;c gks x;k gSA ftlls H;awMkj xk¡o esa 500 ifjokj jgrs Fks lHkh rckgh esa nQu gks x;s gSA lqekM+h esa 20 ls vf/kd edkuksa ds vo'ks"k rd 'ks"k ugh cp ik;sA vkink 'kSykc esa Ms< gtkj gsDVs;j ls vf/kd d`f"k Hkwfe dks ikuh vius lkFk rckg djrk o cgkrk gqvk ys x;k rFkk 13 gtkj 137 gsDVs;j Hkwfe ij iRFkj] jsr dk eyck vk x;k gSA la;qDr jk"Vª ,tsl a h us vkink esa ykirk yksxksa dh la[;k 11 gtkj ls vf/kd gksus dk vuqeku fd;k gSA fVgjh ftys esa 245 lM+ds vo:) gksus ls xk¡oksa esa vukt dk ladV xgjk x;k FkkA lkFk gh jkT; ds 4200 xk¡o lM+d ekxZ ls iwjh rjg dV x,A ty izy; ds ckn fo".kqiz;kx] fgefxjh] peksyh gkbMªks vkSj rsQuk ty fo|qr ifj;kstuk dk ikWoj gkml iw.kZ :i ls {kfrxzLr gks x;kA 80 djksM+ dh ykxr ls fuekZ.k/khu dks';kjrky iafiax ;kstuk buVsd okyk fQYVj lIykbZ ij ?kulkyh ty fuxe 13 djksM+ :i;s [kpZ dj pqdk Fkk tks vkink ls iw.kZr% cckZn gks x;h gSA vdsys xcuh xk¡o ds 35 ifjokjksa ds fpjkx dsnkjukFk vkink esa nQu gks x;s gSA16&17 twu dh vkink esa cnzhukFk esa ckny QVus ds mijkar gq, Hk;adj HkwL[kyu ls 300 xk¡o o 6 CykWd xEHkhj :i ls izHkkfor gq, ftys esa 837 vkink izHkkfor ?kjksa esa ls 310 iwjh rjg cckZn rFkk 527 vkaf'kd :i ls {kfrxzLr gq,A blds vykok Hkh dsnkjukFk eafnj lfgr Å[kheB] vxLR;eqfu] mÙkjdk'kh bR;kfn lHkh izHkkfor {ks=ksa esa tks rckgh gqbZ vdYiuh; gS vkSj bldh HkjikbZ djuk vlEHko gSA dHkh i;ZVdksa rhFkZ;kf=;ksa dks eankfduh ?kkVh dk lkSan;Z] vkdf"kZr djrh laLd`fr] vnHkqr izkd`frd laxe] unh] igkM+] ?kkVh] if{k;ksa dk e/kqj laxhr] fgeky; dh rkth cQZ vkdf"kZr djrh FkhA exj vkink dh Hk;kog =klnh dk ladV us uk tkus fdrus vufxur ekuoh; laLd`fr dk thou dks feV~Vh ds <sjksa o iRFkjksa ds uhps nQu dj fn;k gS ,d vuqeku ds eqrkfcd yxHkx 30&40 gtkj ;k=h vkink ds Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12704
le; bu ?kkfV;ksa esa Fks tks vdky e`R;q dh xksn esa lek x;sA :nziz;kx ftys ds 709 O;fDr;ksa dh ekSr gqbZ tks jkstxkj ds fy, dsnkjukFk x;s FksA dsnkjukFk us jkT; ds lkekftd vkfFkZd] HkkSxksfyd] jktuSfrd ,oa 'kSf{kd tSls bR;kfn mu leLr igywvkas dh udkjkRed :i ls izHkkfor fd;k tks Hkh ekuoh; thou ls lEcfU/kr gSA ekuo thou dk vk/kkjHkwr igyw f'k{kk gSA tgk¡ ,d vksj Hkh"k.k rckgh us gj rjQ rckgh epk;h ogha f'k{kk ds laLFkkuksa ,oa Nk=&Nk=kvksa ds lEeq[k Hkh vusdksa leL;k,a [kM+h dj nhA lksf'k;y lsDVj Lrj fjiksVZ fiFkkSjkx<+ 31 ekpZ 2014 ds vuqlkj %& fiFkkSjkx<+ ftys esa 1]111 vkaxuckM+h dsUnzksa esa ls 90 dsUnz {kfrxzLr dh Js.kh esa gSA 3 dsUnz iwjh rjg {kfrxzLr 37 vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr rFkk 49 ewy dsUnz dks NksM+ nwljs LFkkuksa ij LFkkukUrfjr gksdj py jgs gSA mijksDr dqy 36 Ldwyksa esa ls 19 iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr rFkk 17 vkaf” kd {kfrxzLr gq, gSA ftys ds 270 Ldwyksa essa ls 55 iwjh rjg {kfrxzLr rFkk 215 vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr gq;s gSaA lksf'k;y lsDVj LVsV~l fjiksVZ peksyh 2014 ds vuqlkj %&ftys esa 46 izkFkfed Ldwy iwjh rjg /oLr gks x;s gSA 109 izkFkfed Ldwyksa esa {kfrxzLr ds dkj.k vko';d ejer dh vko';drk gSA 7 mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa dks vkink esa /oLr gksus ds dkj.k iqu% cukus dh t:jr gSA 33 mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa dks {kfrxzLrrk ds pyrs Bhd djus dh vko';drk gSA ftys esa 36 ljdkjh gkbZLdwy vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr rFkk 3 ehy gkbZLdwy vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr gq, gSA ftys esa 205 vkink izHkkfor Ldwy esa ihus ds ikuh dh vko';drk gSA lksf'k;y lsDVj Iyku fjiksVZ ekpZ 2014 :nziz;kx ds vuqlkj %&ftys ds 11 izkFkfed rFkk 4 mPp izkFkfed Ldwy iwjh rjg /oLr gq;s gSA ek/;fed Lrj ij 2 baVj dkWyst iw.kZr% /oLr rFkk 41 baVj dkWyst vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr ls tw> jgs gSaAftys esa 31 Ldwyksa esa Hkh {kfrxzLr gqbZ rFkk ;s Ldwy [krjs dh tn esa py jgs gSaA 12 futh fo|ky; Hkh vkink esa {kfrxzLr gq;s gSA :nzi; z kx ftys ds vxLR;eqfu CykWd ds 25] Å[kheB ds 35 jktdh; izkFkfed rFkk mPp izkFkfed fo|ky; iw.kZr% ;k vkaf'kd :i ls {kfrxzLr gq;s gSA :nziz;kx ftys ds izkFkfed rFkk mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa gq;s izHkko fooj.k %& Nk=
Nk=k;s
dyq fo|kFkZh
1007
1129
2136
Uqkdlku cckZnh yk[k : ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa esa Uqkdlku cckZnh yk[k : esa 407.47 420.00
vxLR;eqfu fodkl[k.M esa izkFkfed rFkk mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa gq;s izHkko fooj.k %& Nk= izkFkfed fo|ky; 215 mPp izkFkfed 144 fo|ky;
Nk=k;s
dyq fo|kFkZh
244 131
459 275
Uqkdlku cckZnh yk[k : esa 117.70 80.59
bl rjg vkink izHkkfor {ks=ksa esa lSdM+ksa Nk=&Nk=kvksa us vkink dh Hkh"k.krk( =klnh ls gksus okys uqdlku cckZnh dks lh/ks rkSj ij fo|ky;ksa xkaoksa ds vU; Hkkxksa( dbZa fo|kfFkZ;ksa us vius ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dks vdky e`R;q ds xky esa lekus] /ku&tu dh Hkkjh gkfu bR;kfn tSls n`'; Li"V ns[ksa vkSj bl dkj.k Nk=ksa dh f'k{kk O;oLFkk iwjh rjg vLr&O;Lr dh f'k{kk ds leqfpr fodkl ds lEeq[k leL;kvksa dh igkM+ lk [kMk fd;k gSA lqyseku ¼2009½ us ^^eysf'k;k ds ek/;fed Lrj ds xzkeh.k v/;;u ls lkekU; fu" fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls 72 ¼46-5%½ iq#"k rFkk 83 ¼53-5%½ efgykvksa dk p;u fd;kA v/;;u }kjk Kkr Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12705
gqvk fd dksbZ Hkh fo|kFkhZ de ncko esa ugha ik;k x;k] 29% fo|kFkhZ e/;e ncko esa rFkk 71% fo|kFkhZ de ncko esa ik;s x;sA Vh ijh{k.k }kjk Kkr gqvk fd fyax ds vk/kkj ij Hkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ncko ds Lrj esa lkFkZd vUrj ik;k x;kA ,f'k;u fMtkLVj lsDVj ¼2008½ bEisDV vkWQ fMtkLVj vkWu n ,tqds'ku lsDVj dEcksfM;k] izkstsDV }kjk izLrqr izfrosnu eas fofHkUu leL;k,sa Kkr gqbZ %& dEcksfM;k esa gj lky ck<+ ls izHkkfor Ldwyksa dk f'k{kk l= vkus okyh ck<+ ds dkj.k ogk¡ ds Nk=ksa dks Ldwy rd igq¡pus esa fofHkUu leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA dEcksfM;k esa Ldwyksa esa 22 izfr'kr fo|kFkhZ rHkh Ldwy vkrs gS tc ck<+ dk izHkko [kRe gks tkrk gSA ck<+ ds dkj.k fiNys 5 o"kksZa esa dEcksfM;k esa 51 izfr'kr izfro"kZ Ldwy NksM+ jgs gSA bl v/;;u esa ik;k x;k fd vkink ds dkj.k 'kSf{kd l= dh vof/k vf/kd gks tkrh gS rFkk 'kSf{kd xfrfof/k;ka lqpk: :i ls ugha py ikrh gSA vkink ds dkj.k dbZa Ldwyksa dks nwljs LFkkuksa esa LFkkukUrfjr djuk iM+rk gS rFkk ogka i;kZIr lqfo/kk;sa u fey ikus ds dkj.k f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk ?kV tkrh gSA bl v/;;u ds vuqlkj lu~ 2000 esa 18 izfr'kr Ldwy ck<+ }kjk iw.kZr% u"V gks x;s Fks ftudh la[;k yxHkx 1000 gSA Ldwyksa ds u"V gksus ls 3 ls 4 yk[k izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kFkhZ rFkk 0-5 yk[k ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh f'k{kk dk ladV [kM+k gks x;kA dzkWfudy oSf'od vuqeku 2014 fjiksVZ^^ us 2014 esa nqfu;k Hkj es vkink ds izHkko dk v/;;u fd;kA bl v/;;u ls vkink ds fuEuor izHkko Kkr gq,%&o"kZ 2013 esa HkwdEi vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k vkbZ vkinkvksa ls nqfu;k Hkj es 2-2 djksM+ yksx foLFkkfir gq, gSA Hkkjr esa o"kZ 2008&13 ds chp dqy 2-61 djksM+ yksx foLFkkfir gq, gSA phu esa lokZf/kd 5-42 yksx bl vof/k easa yksx bl vof/k esa foLFkkfir gq, gSA Hkkjr esa izkd`frd vkink ls 2013 esa 21-4 yk[k yksx foLFkkfir gq, rFkk 64000 yksx la?k"kZ vkSj fgalk ds dkj.k foLFkkfir gq, gSA 2013 ebZ esa nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa vk, pØokr egklsu ds dkj.k ckaXykns'k es djhc 11 yk[k yksxksa dks foLFkkfir gksuk iM+k FkkA :nziz;kx vxLR;eqfu fodkl[k.M esa 25 izkFkfed rFkk 4 mPp izkFkfed fo|ky; vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr rFkk 3 mPp izkFkfed fo|ky; iw.kZr% /oLr] 43 mPp izkFkfed fo|ky; vkaf'kd :i ls {kfrxzLr gq, gSA ljdkjh vkadM+s ds vuqlkj vxLR;eqfu ds izkFkfed rFkk mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds v/;;ujr yxHkx 965 Nk=&Nk=k,a izHkkfor gS ftlesa ls mPp izkFkfed Lrj ij 275 Nk=&Nk=k,a izHkkfor gq, gS] v/;;u ds mn~ns'; %& 1- dsnkjukFk vkink izHkkfor vxLR;eqfu ds iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=& Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij iM+us okys izHkko dk v/;;u djukA 2- vkink esa vkaf'kd :i ls {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds v/;;ujr Nk=& Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij iMus okys izHkko dk v/;;u djukA 3- vkink izHkkfor iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr rFkk vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dk rqyukRed v/;;u djukA v/;;u dh ifjdYiuk%& bl 'kks/k i= esa ifjdYiuk tks fd 'kwU; ifjdYiuk ds :i esa nh gSa ;g bl izdkj gSA 1- dsnkjukFk vkink izHkkfor iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij dksbZ lkFkZd izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA 2- vkink izHkkfor iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed Lrj ij v/;;ujr Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij dksbZ lkFkZd izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12706
3- vkink izHkkfor iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=&Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij dksbZ lkFkZd izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA 4- vkink esa vkaf'kd :i ls {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds v/;;ujr Nk=ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij dksbZ lkFkZd izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA 5- vkink esa vkaf'kd :i ls {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds v/;;ujr Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij dksbZ lkFkZd izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA 6- vkaf'kd :i ls {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds v/;;ujr Nk=&Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij dksbZ lkFkZd izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA 7- vkink izHkkfor iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr rFkk vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSA izLrqr 'kks/kdk;Z dh tula[;k %& ;Z :nziz;kx tuin vxLR;eqfu fodkl[k.M esa mPp izkFkfed dsnkjukFk vkink fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij iM+us okys izHkko dk ijh{k.k fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u esa tula[;k ds :i esa vkink izHkkfor vxLR;eqfu fodkl[k.M ds mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks fy;k x;k gSA U;kn'kZ p;u %& vuqla/kkudrkZ ds }kjk izfrp;u rF;ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, izLrqr v/;;u ds fy, vkink izHkkfor fo|ky;ksa dk p;u djus gsrq lkSn~ns'; U;kn'kZ fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA U;kn'kZ p;u izfØ;k esa loZizFke :nziz;kx tuin] fodkl[k.M vxLR;eqfu vkink izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gS %& 1-iw.krZ% vkink izHkkfor 2-vkaf'kkd vkink izHkkforA iw.krZ% vkink izHkkfor ,oa vkaf'kd vkink izHkkfor lHkh fo|ky;ksa dk p;u lkSn~ns'; U;kn'kZ fof/k }kjk fd;k x;k gSA fo|ky; p;u ds mijkar izLrqr 'kks/k esa izfrn'kZ pqurs le; loZizFke lEiw.kZ tula[;k dks 2 oxkaaZs ¼Nk=]Nk=k½ esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA fQj ;kn`fPNd fof/k }kjk fofHkUu oxkaZs ls vko';drkuqlkj 80 Nk=&Nk=kvksa dh bdkbZ;k¡ dk pquko dj fy;k x;k gSA v/;;u gsrq iz;qDr fof/k&% v/;;u ds iz fr ,oa mÌs';ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, losZ{k.k 'kks/k fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA v/;;u esa iz;qDr midj.k %& vkink izHkkfor {ks= esa ekufld ncko ds izHkko dk losZ{k.k djus gsrq iz'ukoyh dks izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] ekufld ncko ekiuh esa 25 iz'u gS] iz'ukoyh esa iz'uksa dks vkink ds mijkar fofHkUu vk;keksa esa mifLFkr leL;kvksa tSls vf/kxe] leL;kvksa] fo|ky; okrkoj.k] 'kSf{kd leL;kvksa] ?kj&ifjokj ls lEcfU/kr leL;kvksa vkfn dks bafxr djrs gq, cuk;k x;k gSA 'kks/kdrkZ us 'kks/k ds fy, vius i;Zos{kd rFkk vU; lgk;d iqLrdks]a if=dkvksa] 'kks/k xzUFkksa vkfn dh lgk;rk ls vkink izHkkfor ekufld ncko iz'ukoyh dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA vadu %& vkink izHkkfor ekufld ncko dk forj.k :nziz;kx tuin ds vxLR;eqfu CykWd esa mPp izkFkfed Lrj ds vkink izHkkfor fo|ky;ksa ds Nk=&Nk=kvksa ij fd;k x;k gSA iz'ukoyh ds pkj fcUnq & ¼cgqr fpafrr 4 vad½] ¼fpafrr] 3 vad½] ¼de fpafrr] 2 vad½] ¼fpafrr ugha 1 vad½ ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk nh x;h izfrfØ;kvksa ds vadksa ds ;ksx ds vk/kkj ij v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA pj %&v/;;u esa ç;qDr pj nks çdkj ds gSa LorU= pj ,oa vkfJr pjA LorU= pj &çLrqr v/;;u esa ekufld ncko LorU= pj gSaA vkfJr pj &çLrqr v/;;u esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k vkfJr pj gSA Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12707
iz;qDr lkaf[;dh; fof/k;ka&% izLrqr v/;;u esa midj.k izkIr vadksa ds fo'ys"k.k izkIrkadksa ds izfr'kr ,oa vkdM+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k gsrq Vh ijh{k.k dk iz;ksx fd;k gS] ijh{k.k gsrq ek/;] ekud fopyu o ekud =qfV dh x.kuk dh x;h rFkk blds vk/kkj ij Vh dk eku Kkr fd;k x;k gSA vkadMk+s dk fo' ifj.kkeksa dh O;k[;k %& rkfydk 1 dsnkjukFk vkink izHkkfor vxLR;eqfu ds iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij lkFkZd izHkko dk v/;;u iw.kZr {kfrxzLr mPpizk0 fo|ky; ds Nk= ekufld ncko izkIrkad 'kSf{kd miyfC/k izkIrkad
Nk=kvksa dh la[;k
e/;eku
Ekkud fopyu
18
83-77
5-34
Df
34 18
59-44
Vh- eku lkFkZdrk dk Lrj 0-05 ij 8-50
lkFkZd
10-98
rkfydk 1 ds voyksdu ls Nk=ksa dk ekufld ncko e/;eku 83-44 gSA ekud fopyu Øe'k% 5-34 o10-98 gS rFkk Vh dk eku 8-50 gS tks fd Df= 34 ds fy, lkFkZdrk Lrj 005 ds eku 2-03 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fo'ys" 'kks/k dk;Z ls iwoZ esa cuk;h x;h 'kwU; ifjdYiuk vLoh r dh tkrh gS rFkk dgk tk ldrk gS fd iw.kZr vkink {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij izHkko ik;k x;k gSA bldk dkj.k fo|ky; dk iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr gksuk] v;a= LFkku ij tkdj f'k{kk ]okrkoj.kh; dkjd] vFkok vkink ds dkj.k gq;h rckgh ds QyLo:i mRiUu okrkoj.k gks ldrk gSA rkfydk -2 vkink izHkkfor iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed Lrj ij v/;;ujr Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij iM+us okys izHkko dk v/;;uA iw.kZr vkink {kfrxzLr mPp izk0 fo|ky; ds Nk=k,¡ ekufld ncko izkIrkad 'kSf{kd miyfC/k izkIrkad
Nk=kvksa dh e/;eku Mean la[;k N
Ekkud fopyu S.D
22
5-85
84-36
Df
42 22
60-85
Vh- eku
9-40
lkFkZdrk ds 0-05 Lrj ij lkFkZd
9-87
rkfydk 2 ds fo'ys" dh Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk e/;eku 84-36 o mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds izkIrkadks dk e/;eku 60-85 gSA ekud fopyu Øe'k% 5-85 o 9-87 gS rFkk Vh dk eku 9-40 gS tks fd df= 42 ds fy, lkFkZdrk Lrj 0-05 ds eku 2-02 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fo'ys"k.k kks/k dk;Z ls iwoZ esa cuk;h x;h 'kwU; ifjdYiuk vLoh r dh tkrh gS rFkk dgk tk ldrk gS fd iw.kZr vkink {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa dh Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij izHkko ik;k x;k gSA bldk dkj.k fo|ky; dk iwjh rjg ls /oLr gks Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12708
tkuk rFkk vkink ds dkj.k mRiUu og vLokHkkfod okrkoj.k gks ldrk gSA ftuesa Nk=kvksa dks okrkoj.k ds lkFk lek;kstu djus esa dfBukbZ;ksa dk vuqHko gqbZ gSA rkfydk 3 iw.kZr {kfrxzLr vkink izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds Nk=&Nk=kvksa ds iw.kZr fo|ky;ksa fo|kFkhZ ekufld izkIrkad 'kSf{kd izkIrkad
{kfrxzLr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds dh la[;k
e/;eku
Ekkud fopyu
Df
Vheku
ncko 40
84-10
5-62
78
12-84
miyfC/k 40
60-24
10-39
lkFkZdrk dk Lrj 0-05 ij lkFkZd
rkfydk 3 voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd iw.kZr vkink {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ekufld ncko e/;eku 84-10 rFkk 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dk e/;eku 60-24 gSA ekud fopyu Øe” k% 5-62 o 10-39 gSA tcfd Vh dk eku 12-84 gS tks fd Df= 78 ds fy, lkFkZdrk Lrj 0-05 ds eku 1-99 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd 'kks/k dk;Z ls iwoZ cuk;h x;h 'kkwU; ifjdYiuk vLohdkj dh tkrh gS rFkk ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd iw.kZr vkink {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij izHkko ik;k x;k gSA vkink ds dkj.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks v;a= LFkku ij tkdj f'k{kk x`g.k djuh iM+ jgh gSA tgk¡ ij fo|ky; gsrq ewyHkwr lqfo/kkvksa rd dk vHkko gS rFkk u;s ifjos'k esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lek;kstu djuk iM+ jgk gSa vkSj ,d gh dejksa esa nks&nks d{kkvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k gS tks fd muds vf/kxe esa ck/kk Mkyrk gSA rkfydk 4 vkaf'kd vkink {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfedr fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij iM+us okys izHkko dk v/;;uA vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr mPp izk0 fo|ky; ds Nk= ekufld ncko izkIrkad 'kSf{kd miyfC/k izkIrkad
Nk=kvksa dh la[;k
e/;eku Mean
Ekkud fopyu S.D
17
70-17
5-35
17
63-85
7-85
Df
Vheku
lkFkZdrk ds 0-05 Lrj ij
32
2-66
LkkFkZd
rkfydk 4 ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd vkaf'kd :i ls vkink izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed Lrj ds fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=ksa ds ekufld ncko dk e/;eku 70e/;eku 63-85 gSA ekud fopyu Øe'k% 5-35 o 7-85 gSA vkSj Vh dk eku 2-66 gS tks fd Df= 32 ds fy, lkFkZdrk Lrj 0-05 ds eku 2-03 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fo'ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij Li"V gS fd 'kks/k dk;Z ls iwoZ wU; ifjdYiuk vLoh r dh tkrh gS rFkk dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkaf” kd :i ls vkink izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij izHkko ik;k x;k gSA vkink esa gq;h =klnh ds dkj.k fo|ky; dh f'k{k.k izfØ;k ckf/kr gksuk] fo|ky; ifjlj esa gq;h ckf/krk ]vkink ds dkj.k yEcs varjky rd fo|ky; can jguk rFkk Nk=ksa dk vkink esa izHkkfor gksuk bR;kfn gSA Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12709
rkfydk 5 vkaf'kd vkink {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfedr fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij iM+us okys izHkko dk v/;;Uak vkaf'kd izHkkfor mPp izk0 fo|ky; ds Nk=k,¡ ekufld ncko izkIrkad 'kSf{kd miyfC/k izkIrkad
Nk=kvksa e/;eku dh Mean la[;k N 23 74-97
Ekkud fopyu S.D
23
10-87
59-43
Df
Vh- eku
lkFkZdrk ds 0-05 Lrj ij
44
4-76
lkFkZd
10-77
rkfydk 5 ds voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd vkaf'kd rkSj ij vkink izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk e/;eku 74-97 rFkk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k e/;eku 59-43 gSA ekud fopyu Øe'k% 10-77 o 10-87 gS rFkk Vh dk eku 4-76 gS tks fd Df= 44 ds fy, lkFkZdrk Lrj 0-05 ds eku 2-02 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd 'kks/k dk;Z ls iwoZ cuk;h x;h 'kwU; ifjdYiuk vLoh r dh tkrh gS rFkk dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkaf'kd vkink izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mud 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij ik;k x;k gSA bldk dkj.k Nk=kvksa dk vkink ds izfr vR;f/kd HkkokRed gksuk] fo|k;y esa f'k{k.k fØ;kdykiksa dk VwVuk] lxs lEcfU/k;ksa dk vkink ls izHkkfor gksuk bR;kfn tSls vkink tfur reke dkj.k gks ldrs gSA rkfydk 6 vkaf'kd vkink {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfedr fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij iM+us okys izHkko dk v/;;uA vkaf'kd mPp Nk=kvksa izk0 fo|ky; dh ds fo|kFkhZ la[;k N ekufld 40 ncko izkIrkad 'kSf{kd 40 miyfC/k izkIrkad
e/;eku Mean
Ekkud fopyu S.D
72-90
9-15
61-30
9-17
Df
Vh- eku
lkFkZdrk ds 005 Lrj ij
78
5-44
LkkFkZd
rkfydk 6 ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr mPp izk0 fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld ncko dk e/;eku 72-90 mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dk e/;eku 61-30 gSA ekud fopyu Øe'k% 9-15 o 9-17 gS rFkk Vh dk eku 5-44 gS tks fd Df= 78 ds fy, lkFkZdrk Lrj 0-05 ds eku 1-99 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd 'kks/k dk;Z ls iwoZ cuk;h x;h 'kwU; ifjdYiuk vLoh r dh tkrh gS rFkk dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkaf'kd vkink izHkkfor fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kkSf{kd miyfC/k ij izHkko ik;k x;k gSA bldk dkj.k vkink dk {ks= dks izHkkfor djuk] fo|ky; esa gq;h =klnh] [ksy izkx.k dk cguk] nhokj dk cguk] iqLrdky; dk cg tkuk] fo|qr O;oLFkk ckf/kr] f'k{kdksa dk vkink esa izHkkfor gksuk] fo|ky; vkus tkus dh jksd bR;kfn gks ldrs gSA Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12710
rkfydk 7 vkink izHkkfor iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr rFkk vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr fo|ky; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dk rqyukRed v/;;u vkink izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed fo|ky; fo|kFkhZ iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr fo|kFkhZ 'kSf{kd miyfC/k izkIrkad vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr 'kSf{kd miyfC/k izkIrkad
fo|kfFkZ;ksa e/;eku dh la[;k Mean N 80 60-24 80
65-28
Ekkud fopyu S.D 10-51
Df
Vh- eku
lkFkZdrk dk Lrj005 ij
158
2-37
LkkFkZd
8-96
rkfydk 7 ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr vkink izHkkfor fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dk e/;eku 60-24 rFkk vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa ds e/;eku 65-28 izkIr gqvk gS] ekud fopyu Øe'k% 10-51rFkk 8-96 izkIr gq;s gS] nksuks lewgksa ds e/;ekuksa dh rqyuk djus ij ØkfUrd vuqikr ;k Vh ijh{k.k dk eku 2-37 izkIr gqvk gS tks fd Df= 78 ds fy, lkFkZdrk Lrj 0-05 ds eku ls vf/kd gSA vr% 'kks/k dk;Z ls iwoZ cuk;h x;h iwoZ lwpd ifjdYiuk vLohdkj dh tkrh gS rFkk ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd iw.kZr% lapkfyr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k rFkk vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa dh vUrj gSA fo'ys"k.k ls ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd iw.kZr {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;k kd {kfrxzLr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k es tks vraj n`f" rckgh gS ftuds dkj.k fo|ky;ksa dk f'k{kk&O;oLFkk dh lajpuk dk Lo:i iw.kZr% rFkk vkaf'kd rkSj ij u"V gks x;k gSA iw.kZr {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ka dks fo|ky;ksa ds cg tkus ls fo|ky;h ds eu] efLr"d ij bldk lh/kk izHkko iM+k gS ,oa fo|ky; u gksu ds dkj.k ;k v;a= fo|ky;ksa ds lkFk lek;kstu ds nkSjku Hkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks u;s ifjos'k f'k{k.k izfØ;k vR;f/kd izHkkfor gqvk gS ogha vkaf'kd vkink izHkkfor fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks okrkoj.kh; ifjos'k dks iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa dh vis{kk ewyHkwr lqfo/kkvksa ls ysdj fo|ky;h] f'k{k.k] vf/kxe] fØ;kdykiksa rd de izHkkfor fd;k gS rFkk bu fo|ky;ksa esa f'k{k.k dk;Z Hkh vkink ds dqN fnuksa mijkUr lqO;ofLFkr :i ls pyk gS] vr% dgk tk ldrk gS iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr fo|ky; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k rFkk vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr fo|ky; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh rqyuk djus ij vUrj vk;k gS fu"d"kZ %& v/;;u ds ifj.kke n'kkZrs gS fd dsnkjukFk vkink izHkkfor vxLR;eqfu ds iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=ksa & Nk=kvksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij lkFkZd izHkko ik;k x;k gSA bldk dkj.k fo|ky; dk iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr gksuk] v;a= LFkku ij tkdj f'k{kk ]okrkoj.kh; dkjd] vFkok vkink ds dkj.k gq;h rckgh vkink ds dkj.k mRiUu og vLokHkkfod okrkoj.k] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks v;a= LFkku ij tkdj f'k{kk x`g.k djuh iM+ jgh gSA tgk¡ ij fo|ky; gsrq ewyHkwr lqfo/kkvksa rd dk vHkko gS rFkk u;s ifjos'k esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lek;kstu djuk iM+ jgk gSa vkSj ,d gh dejksa esa nks&nks d{kkvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k gS tks fd muds vf/kxe esa ck/kd mRiUu okrkoj.k gSA vkaf'kd :i ls vkink izHkkfor mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=ksa ds ekufld ncko dk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij izHkko iM jgk+ gSA vkink esa Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12711
gq;h =klnh ds dkj.k fo|ky; dh f'k{k.k izfØ;k ckf/kr gksuk] fo|ky; ifjlj esa gq;h ckf/krk ]vkink ds dkj.k yEcs varjky rd fo|ky; can jguk rFkk Nk=ksa dk vkink esa izHkkfor gksuk]iqLrdky; dk cg tkuk] Nk=kvksa dk vkink ds izfr vR;f/kd HkkokRed gksuk] fo|k;y esa f'k{k.k fØ;kdykiksa dk VwVuk] lxs lEcfU/k;ksa dk vkink ls izHkkfor gksuk bR;kfn gSA iw.kZr {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ka dks fo|ky;ksa ds cg tkus ls fo|ky;h ewyHkwr efLrd ij bldk lh/kk izHkko iM+k gS ,oa fo|ky; u gksus ds dkj.k ;k v;a= fo|ky;ksa ds lkFk lek;kstu ds nkSjku Hkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks u;s ifjos' l nkSjku f'k{k.k izfØ;k vR;f/kd izHkkfor gqvk gS ogha vkaf'kd vkink izHkkfor fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks okrkoj.kh; ifjos'k dks iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr fo|ky;ksa dh vis{kk ewyHkwr lqfo/kkvksa ls ysdj fo|ky;h] f'k{k.k] vf/kxe] fØ;kdykiksa rd de izHkkfor fd;k gS rFkk bu fo|ky;ksa esa f'k{k.k dk;Z Hkh vkink ds dqN fnuksa mijkUr lqO;ofLFkr :i ls pyk gS] vr% dgk tk ldrk gS iw.kZr% {kfrxzLr fo|ky; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k rFkk vkaf'kd {kfrxzLr fo|ky; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh rqyuk djus ij vUrj gS A 'kSf{kd mi;ksfxrk & vkink ds dkj.k ftl rjg okrkoj.kh; rkSj ij fo/oalrk dk n`'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkl&ikl gksrk gSA mlls ;g Loa; dks vkyx ugh j[k ldrs gS og muds fnup;kZ fgLls dh rjg gh tks izfrfnu og ns[krs gS vkSj ,d LoPN o lkdkjkRed okrkoj.k ls vpkud ,d tc mesa =klnh ds nkSj esa igq¡p tkrs gS ftl dkj.k mudh i;kZoj.kh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k ekufld ncko mRiUu gksrk gS rFkk mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k vf/kxe fodkl vR;f/kd izHkkfor gksrk gS vkSj vU; gh fo|ky;h ifjos'k mdh vkink ds dkj.k /oLr gks tkrk gs fo|ky; Hkou] [ksy] izkx<+] QuhZpj] iqLrdky;] bu lHkh vko';dh; lqfo/kkvksa ls fo|kFkhZ egQwt gks tkrs gS tks fd mudks vR;f/kd izHkkfor djrk gS vkSj bldk lh/kk lEcU/k mudh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k;ksa ij iM+rk gSA vkt ds nkSj esa ,d LoPN okrkoj.k gh fodkl lcls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ dke djrk gS tks ckyd dh lh[kus dh {kerk dks y{; rd igq¡pkrk gS vkt ds nkSj esa ckyd dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks izHkkfor djus okys reke~ dkj.k fn[kkbZ iM+rs gS izLrqr v/;;u esa mu dkj.kksa esa dqN fof' fo|ky; fLFkfr] ekufld ncko½ ds lEcU/k esa xgu fo' o:i vkink dh =klnh ds izfr lekt ds oxZ tks fopkj dj visf{kr lq/kkj djuk pkfg, D;ksafd vkt ds nkSj esa ,d LoPN okrkoj.k gh ckyd ds fodkl esa lcls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ ekuk tkrk gSA lh[kus ij okrkoj.k ds lkFk&lkFk fofHkUu pjksa dk izHkko iM+rk gS fo|ky; okroj.k ls ysdj ?kj] vkl&iM+ksl] lekt] f'k{kd&O;ogkj] vfHkHkkod O;ogkj fo|kFkhZ&lgfe= O;ogkj bR;kfn lHkh lh[kus dh izfØ;k dks izHkkfor djrs gS lh[kus dh izfØ;k rHkh vkuUnnk;d rFkk mUufriw.kZ gks ldrh gS tc fo|kFkhZ Hkfo"; dh vksj mTtoyrkiw.kZ n`f"V j[ksa rFkk f'k{kk ds y{;ksa dh izkfIr dj lds vxj vf/kxe izfØ;k ij fofHkUu dkjdksa ds iMus okys izHkko ij /;ku fn;k tk;s rks leL;kvksa dks nwj dj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph vej mtkyk ¼2013½] 18 twu ls 20 twu o 1 ls 4 tqykbZA vej mtkyk ¼2014½] vkink izcU/ku d{kk 10 ikB~;iqLrd 10 ikB~;iqLrd]¼2013½ fo|ky;h f'k{kk mRrjk[k.MA dksBkjh] lh0vkj0 ¼2008½ fjlpZ eSFkMksykWth^^ U;w ,st bUVjus'kuy ifCy'klZ gkml] vkxjkA dkSy yksds'k¼2009½ ^^'kSf{kd vuqla/kku dh dk;Ziz.kkyh]^^ fodkl izdk'ku] uks,MkA flag] vks-ih-¼1992½] ^^ikB~;Øe dk c<+rk cks> vkSj lkeatL; dh vko';drk^^- Hkkjrh; vk/kqfud f'k{kk],u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] ubZ fnYyhA fgUnqLrku lekpkj i= ¼2013]18 twu ls 20 twu o 1&3 24 tqykbZA Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
'kadj flag] çks- jek eS[kqjh & vfur dkSj (Pg. 12701-12712)
12712
nSfud tkxj.k lekpkj i= ¼2013½]18 twu ls 20 twu o 1 ls 21tqykbZA
Websites Social sector plan status report Rudraprayag march 2014 www.rudraprayag.nic.in Social sector plan status report chamoli march 2014 www.chamoli.nic.in Social sector plan status report Pithoragarh march 2014 www.pithoragarh.nic.in National Institute of Disaster Management, Govt. Of India, New Delhi, 2013 (EM-DAT), retrieve from http://www.emdat.be. http://rudraprayag.nic.in http:// nidm.gov.in/PDF/pubs/ukd-p3.pdfs
Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies