UCCHATAR MADHYAMIK STAR PAR BHAUTIK VIDNYAN SHIKSHAN ME AANE VALE KATHIN BINDU

Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2019: 6.251, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, OCT-NOV, 2020, VOL- 8/42

mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij HkkSfrd foKku f’k{k.k esa vkus okys dfBu fcUnq vf[ky peksyh

izoDrk HkkSfrd foKku] ch0 ,M0 foHkkx, jktdh; LukdksRRkj egkfo|ky; xksis'oj ¼peksyh½

Abstract

izR;sd fo|kFkhZ ds thou esa mPprj ek/;fed d{kkvksa dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gksrk gS D;kasfd bldsi”pkr mPp f’k{kk dk izkjEHk gksrk gS vkSj ;gh og le; gksrk gS] tcfd bl ckr dk fu/kkZj.k gksrk gS fd Hkfo’; ds vk;ke D;k gksxa s blfy;s ;g vR;Ur vko’;d gS fd bl Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ Nk=ksa dks fo’k;oLrq dh xgjh le> gksuh pkfgA izk;% ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd ;fn fo|kFkhZ fdlh fo’k; ds xgu fcUnqvksa dks le>us esa vleFkZ gksrk gS rks og ml fo’k; oLrq ls lEcfU/kr izdj.k es vDlj =qfV;ka djrk gS rFkk /khjs&/khjs mlds eu es bl fo’k; dks ysdj Hk; mRiUu gksus yxrk gSA bldk dkj.k fo|kFkhZ dh detksj ekufld {kerk] fo’k;oLrq dh dfBurk] v/;kid }kjk mfpr :i ls Li’Vhdj.k u nsuk ;k fQj iz;ksxkRed d{kkvksa dk vHkko gks ldrk gSA v/;;u dk eq[; mn~ns”; mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij HkkSfrd foKku f’k{k.k esa vkus dfBu fcUnqvks]a dk v/;;u djuk gSA Nk= vkSj Nk=kvksa ds U;kn’kZ dk ;kn`fPNd p;u mÙkjk[k.M+ ds :nziz;kx tuin ds ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ls fd;k x;k gSA iznÙk ladyu ds fy;s LofufeZr iz”ukoyh dk iz;ksx midj.k ds :i esa fd;k x;k gSA iznÙk ds fo”ys’k.k ds fy;s in fo’ys’k.k uked lkaf[;dh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA v/;;u ds fu’d’kksZ ls irk pyrk gS fd mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij fo|kFkhZ iz;ksxkRed d{kkvksa ds vHkko esa dfBu foUnqvksa ij vf/kdkf/kd =qfVa;k djrsa gSA ladsr ’kCn HkkSfrd foKku f’k{k.k, mPPkrj ek/;fed Lrj, mRRkjk[k.M] dfBu fcUnq Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

izR;sd ekrk&firk pkgrs gS fd mudk ikY; lkekftd ,oa f’kf{kr gks D;ksfd f’k{kk ls lokZxh.k fodkl lEHko gS ysfdu blds fy, vko’;d gS fd izkIr gksus okyh f’k{kk fo”oluh; rFkk oS/k gksA D;kasfd ;fn izkIr gksus okyh f’k{kk fo’oluh;rk vkSj oS/krk ds ekudks ij [kjh mrjrh gS rks gh og lokaZxh.k fodkl esa lgk;d gS vU;Fkk ughaA vPNh foKku f’k{kk ls cPPks thou rFkk foKkuds izfr bZekunkj gksrs gS] ;g ljy fu’d’kZ foKku ikB;p;kZ ds oS/k ekudks dh vksj bafxr djrk gSA laKkukRed oS/krk ds fy;s vko’;d gS fd ikB~~;p;kZ dh fo’k; oLrq] izfdz;k] Hkk’kk] ,oa f’k{kk &’kkL=h; vH;kl vk;q ds vuq:i gks vkSj CkPps dh laKkukRed igqWp ds Hkhrj vk,A fo’k; oLrq oS/krk ds fy, vko”;d gS fd ikB~~;p;kZ cPpksa rd egRoiw.kZ ,oa euksoSKkfud fo’k;oLrq igqapk,A CkPpksa ds laKkukRed Lrj rd igqWpus ds fy, vUroLrq dks ljy fd;k tk, ysfdu mls bruk gYdk ugha cuk;k tk, fd ewy tkudkjh xyr ;k fujFkZd gks tk;A izfdz;k dh oS/krk ds vUrxZr vko”;d gS fd ikB~~;p;kZ fo|kFkhZ dks mu iz.kkfy;ksa ,oa izfd;kvksa dks vftZr djus esa O;Lr j[ks

Copyright © 2020, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language

vf[ky peksyh (Pg. 10605-10610)

10606

tks mls oSKkfud tkudkjh ds iqf’Vdj.k ,oa l`tu djus dh vksj Ck<k, rFkk foKku esa cPps dh LokHkkfod ftKklk ,oa l`tu”khyrk dk iks’k.k gks ldsA izfd;k dh oS/krk ,d egRoiw.kZ dlkSVh gS D;ksfa d blls fo|kFkhZ dks foKku fdl rjg lh[kk tk, ;g lkspus es lgk;rk feyrh gSA ,sfrgkfld oS/krk es vko”;d gS fd ikB;p;kZ ,d ,sfrgkfld n`f’Vdks.k ds lkFk tkudkjh ns rkfd fo|kFkhZ ;g le> lds fd le; ds lkFk&lkFk foKku dh vo/kkj.kk,Wa dSls fodflr gqbZ] blls fo|kFkhZ dks ;g le>us esa Hkh enn feysxh fd foKku ,d lkekftd m|e gS vkSj lkekftd ?kVd fdl izdkj foKku ds fodkl dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA Ik;kZoj.k lEcU/kh oS/krk ds fy, vko”;d gS fd foKku dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds LFkkuh; ,ao oSf”od nksuksa ds o`gn i;kZoj.k ds lanHkZ esa j[kk tk,] rkfd og foKku ] rduhdh ,oa lekt ds ikjLifjd laokn ds Øe esa eqn~nksa dks le> lds vkSj mUgsa dk;Z {ks= esa izos’k djus ds fy, vko”;d Kku ,ao dkS’ky iznku dj ldsA uSfrd oS/krk ds fy, t:jh gS fd ikB~;p;kZ bZekunkjh] oLrqijdrk] lg;ksx] Hk; ,oa iwokZxzg ls vktknh tSls ewY;ksa dks izksRlkfgr djs vkSj fo|kFkhZ esa i;kZoj.k ,oa thou ds laj{k.k ds izfrpsruk dks fodflr djsA ;wW rks foKku f’k{k.k essa gj izdkj dh oS/krk gksuh egRoiw.kZ gS ijUrq izfØ;k oS/krk dk fo’ks’k egRo gS D;ksafd izfdz;k ds nkSjku gh fo’k;oLrq fo|kFkhZ esa LFkkf;Ro izkIr djrh gS vkSj mlds O;ogkj esa okafNr ifjorZu vkrk gSA Ysfdu ;fn izfdz;k ds nkSjku gh dqN ,sls ?kVd lkeus vk;sa ftlds dkj.k izfdz;k dh lqxerk esa ck/kk igq¡ps vkSj okaNuh; O;ogkj ifjoZru u gks ik, rks mRikn ds vU; igyqvksa tSls l`tukRedrk rFkk leL;k lek/kku dh dYiuk ugh dh tk ldrhA blfy, ,d f’k{kd dks pkfg, fd izfdz;k ds mu ?kVdks dks igpkus tks izfdz;k dks ck/kk igqpkrs gS vkSj mu ?kVdksa ds lUnHkZ esa ,slh f’k{k.k vf/kxe ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djs fd og ?kVd fdlh Hkh izdkj ls f’k{k.k vf/kxe izfdz;k dks ck/kk u igqpk ldsA foKku dh izfdz;k ds vUrZxr foKku lh[kusa ds fy, izs{k.k] oxhZdj.k] laizs’k.k ] ekiu ] vuqeku Hkfo’;ok.kh tSls vko”;d dkS’ky vkrs gSaA bu ewyHkwr dkS”kyksa dh lkg;rk ls O;fDr leL;k lek/kku dk dkS’ky lh[krs gSa tks ,dhd`r dkS”ky dgykrs gS ;g ,dhd`r dkS’ky gS &ifjorZuks dks igpuuk] fu;fer djuk] fØ;kRed :i ls ifjHkk’kk nsuk] ifjdYiuk cukuk] iw.kZ Kku ,oa ladfyr rF;ks dk mi;ksx djuk] rkfydk cukuk] xzkQ cukuk vkdM+ks dh O;k[;k djuk vkSj [kkst djuk] O;fDr dks vius HkkSfrd ,oa lkekftd i;kZoj.k dks [kkstus ,oa lh[kus dh ;ksX;rk nsrk gSA bu izfØ;kvksa }kjk tks Kku ;k tkudkjh C;fDr izkIr djrk gS og foKku dk mRikn dgykrk gSA C;fDr;ksa }kjk Kku dh xgjkbZ vkSj mldh lR;rk mlds }kjk iz;qDr izfØ;kvksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA Copyright © 2020, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language

vf[ky peksyh (Pg. 10605-10610)

10607

'kksèkdrkZvksa (lDlsuk, ,s. ch. 2001; eSjh, ,y. ih. ,. vkSj lqanjktu vkj, 2004; ,ysDtsM a j , csuh 1990; xks;y, oh. ih. vkSj vcsch 1990; eksgu, jkèkk 1990) us mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ij HkkSfrd foKku f'k{k.k esa vfèkxe miyfCèk ds lanHkZ esa ewy çR;;ksa dh le>] vkykspukRed Çpru] foKku vfHk{kerk] lkekftd vkÆFkd Lrj] f'k{k.k fofèk] çR;; vfèkxe rFkk vuqns'kukRed ekè;e tSls Çcnqvksa ij vè;;u fd;k gS tcfd ekStwnk 'kksèk i= mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ij HkkSfrd foKku f'k{k.k esa vkus okys dfBu Çcnqvksa ij è;ku dsafær djrk gS izLrqr 'kks/k i= esa ;g tkuus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd mPPrj ek/;fed d{kkvksa esa HkkSfrd foKku f'k{k.k esa Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks dkSu dkSu ls fcUnq dfBu yxrs gaSA v/;;u ds mn~ns';%  mPprj ek/;fed Lrjij HkkSfrd foKku f'k{k.k esa vkus okys dfBu fcUnqvksa dh igpku djukA  mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij HkkSfrd foKku f'k{k.k esa vkus okys dfBu fcUnqvksa dh igpku djukvkSj fujkdj.k ds fy;s lq>ko nsukA ifjdYiuk  lQy f'k{k.k ds fy;s f'k{k.k ds dfBu fcUnqvksa dh igpku vko';d gSA  f'k{k.k esa dfBu Çcnqvksa ds funku ds lkFk&lkFk mipkjkRed çfØ;k f'k{k.k vfèkxe dks l'kä cukrs gSa “kks/k fof/k %& vè;;u dk lhekadu orZeku vè;;u esa d{kk 11 ,oa 12 ds HkkSfrd foKku fo’k; ds pqÇunk çdj.kksa dk p;u fo|kÆFk;ksa ls ckrphr ds mijkar fd;k x;kA fo|ky; mÙkjk[kaM cksMZ ls lacafèkr gSa] vr% ikBîØe Hkh mÙkjk[kaM cksMZ dk fy;k x;kA Nk=ksa dk vkSipkfjd ekè;e Çgnh gS Çdrq ekr`Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx Hkh voljkuqlkj fd;k x;k gS] D;ksfa d lh[kuk çeq[k mís'; gS vkSj Hkk"kk dk caèku egRoghu gSA U;kn'kZ :nziz;kx tuin ds 6 “kgjh rFkk 6 xzkeh.k jktdh; b.Vj dkystksa esa mPprj ek/;fed d{kkvksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=&Nk=kvksa esa ls 120 Nk=&Nk=kvksa dk p;u lk/kkj.k ;kn`fPNd fof/k }kjk dj U;kn'kZ dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA

Copyright © 2020, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language

vf[ky peksyh 10608

(Pg. 10605-10610)

lkj.kh 1 % 'kgjh fo|ky; ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ks dk fooj.k Øe la[;k 1 2 3 4 5

'kgjh fo|ky; jkåbådkå :nziz;kx jkåbådkå jrwM+k jkåbådkå uxjklw ljLorh fo|k efUnj csyuh jkåbådkå e;dksVh

Nk= 6 6 6 6 6 ;ksx&30

Nk=k 6 6 6 6 6 ;ksx&30

lkj.kh2% xzkeh.k fo|ky; ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk fooj.k Øe la[;k 1 2 3 4 5

xzkeh.k fo|ky; jkåbådkå ekyrksyh jkåbådkå yEcxkS.M+h jkåbådkå ynksyh jkåbådkå dksBxh jkåbådkå pedksV

Nk= 6 6 6 6 6 ;ksx&30

Nk=k 6 6 6 6 6 ;ksx&30

HkkSfrd foKku f'k{k.k es vkus okys dfBu fcUnqvksa dk v/;;u djus ds fy;s LofufeZr midj.kks dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k,oaiznÙk fo'ys’k.k ds fy;s vuqekfud lkaf[;dh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA vuqekukRed lkaf[;dh tSls in fo'ys’k.k dk iz;ksx HkkSfrd foKku ds dfBu fcUnqvksa dks tkuus esa fd;k x;k gSA iznÙk fo”ys’k.k%& lkj.kh 3%& HkkSfrd foKku f'k{k.k esa vkus okys dfBu fcUnq Øålå 1 2 3 4 5 6

dfBu fcUnq nzoks dk izokg i`’B ruko ljy vkoZr xfr rki ,oa ÅtkZ mixzgksa dh xfr% iyk;u osx ;kaf=d rajxs

dqy iz”u 3 3 3 3 3 3

dqy izz”u ,oa mudh Øe la[;k ¼1]2]5½ ¼3] 4] 5½ ¼6] 9] 11½ ¼10]12]17½ ¼14]16]18½ ¼7] 8] 13½

lkj.kh 4%& HkkSfrd foKku f'k{k.k esa vkus okys dfBu fcUnqvksa dk izfr'kr fooj.k Øålå

izdj.k

dqy iz'u

lgh mÙkj izfr'kr

1 2 3 4 5 6

nzoks dk izokg i`’B ruko ljy vkoZr xfr rki ,oa ÅtkZ mixzgksa dh xfr% iyk;u osx ;kaf=d rajxs

3 3 3 3 3 3

63-33 55 53-61 56-11 67-05 57-22

xyr izfr'kr 36-67 45 49-17 43-89 32-5 42-77

Copyright © 2020, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language

mÙkj

vf[ky peksyh 10609

(Pg. 10605-10610)

lkj.kh 5%& HkkSfrd foKku f'k{k.k esa vkus okys dfBu fcUnqvksa dk izfr'kr fooj.k vojksgh Øe esa Øålå

izdj.k

dqy iz'u

lgh mÙkj izfr'kr

1 2 3 4 5 6

ljy vkoZr xfr i`’B ruko rki ,oa ÅtkZ ;kaf=d rajxs nzoks dk izokg mixzgksa dh xfr% iyk;u osx

3 3 3 3 3 3

53-61 55 56-11 57-22 63-33 67-05

xyr izfr'kr 49-17 45 43-89 42-77 36-67 32-5

mÙkj

fu’d’kZ%&  xzkeh.k rFkk 'kgjh mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks HkkSfrd foKku es dfBu fcUnq =qfV;ka rFkk leL;k,sa gksrh gSA  HkkSfrd foKku es dqN ,asls izR;; gksrs gS ftudks le>us esa Nk= dfBukbZ vuqHko djrs gSA  HkkSfrd foKku esa dqN fcUnq ,sls gksrs gS ftuds pyrs f'k{kd ,oa Nk= nksuks =qfV;k djrs gSa  cSBus dh leL;k rFkk lgk;d lkexzh dk vkHkko vkfn dqN ,sls ?kVd gS tks vf/kxe esa ck/kk mRiUu djrs gSA  Nk=ksa dh O;fDrxr fHkUurk tSls&/kheh xfr ls vf/kxe detksj Lej.k “kfDr vkfn lh[kus esa dfBukbZ mRiUu djrs gSA  f'k{kdksa dh izR;;ksa ij detksj idM+ ds pyrs Hkh Nk=&Nk=k;sa vf/kxe esa dfBukbZ dk vuqHko djrs gSA  vfHkHkkodksa dk mfpr lg;ksx u feyus ds dkj.k Hkh f'k{kdksa dks HkkSfrd foKku f'k{k.k esa dfBukbZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA  xzkeh.k fo|ky;ksa esa foKku

iz;ksx”kkyk dh leqfpr O;oLFkk u gksuk xzkeh.k Nk=ksa dh

vf/kxe leL;k dk ,d izeq[k dkj.k gSA  Nk=ksa ds ifjokj dh “kSf{kd i`’BHkwfe rFkk okrkoj.k vf/kxe miyfC/k esa lgk;d gksrk gSa A  foKku f'k{kd dk ldkjkRed O;ogkj rFkk oSKkfud n`f’Vdks.k Nk= vf/kxe esa lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA lq>ko izLrqr v/;;u ds fu’d’kksZ ds vk/kkj ij “kks/kdrkZ dks yxk fd dqN fcUnqvksa ij /;ku nsus dh vko';drk gS ftlls Nk=ksa dks dfBu fcUnqvksa dk lkeuk uk djuk iM+s] ;s fcUnq fuEu gSA  HkkSfrd foKku i<kus ds fy, ;ksX; f'k{kdksa dk gksuk vfr vko”;d gS tks ns'k&fon'k dh fLFkfr ls Hkh voxr gSA Copyright © 2020, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language

vf[ky peksyh (Pg. 10605-10610)

10610

 f'k{kdksa dk ijEijkxr fof/k;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk vk/kqfud fof/k;ksa dk Hkh iz;ksx djuk pkfg;sA  HkkSfrd foKku i<+kus ds fy;s f'k{kdksa dks JO;&n`'; lkexzh dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg;sA  xzkeh.k rFkk 'kgjh {ks= ds fo|kky;ksa esa foKku f'k{k.k ds fy;s ,d foKku iz;ksx'kkyk dh vko”;drk gSA  Nk=&Nk=k dks le;&le; ij 'kSf{kd Hkze.k ds fy;s ys tkuk pkfg;s ftlls oks foKku dh okLrfodrk dks tkusA  fo|ky;ksa es iqLrdky; dh leqfpr O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg;sA ftlls ns 'k&fons'k es ?kfVr gks jgh ?kVukvksa dh tkudkjh Nk=ksa dks fey ldsA  le;&le; ij foKku esy a ksa rFkk izn'kZuh dk vk;kstu fd;k tkuk pkfg;s ftlls Nk=ksa dks viuh izfrHkk dks iznf'kZr djus dk volj fey ldsA  fo|ky;ksa es fo'ks’kKks dks vkefU=r fd;k tkuk pkfg;s rkfd Nk=&Nk=kvksa muds vuqHkoksa ls ykHkkfUor gks ldsA lanHkZ xzFk HkVukxj] ,-ch-]¼2007½]foKku f'k{k.k]esjB]m-ç-]j[kstk]fou;]vkj- yky- cqd- fMiksÇlg] v#.k dqekj]¼2012½]euksfoKku] lekt'kkL= rFkk f'k{kk esa 'kksèk fofèk;k¡] fnYyh] cukjlhnkl eksrhyky HkVukxj] ,-ch-]HkVukxj]vuqjkx] ¼2012½]foKku f'k{k.k]esjB] m-ç-]j[kstk]fou; ]vkj- yky- cqd- fMiksik.Ms]'kf'k fdj.k]¼2007½]foKku f'k{k.k]esjB] m- ç-]vkj- yky- cqd- fMiksfeÙky]th-,y-]dqekj]jkt]xqIrk] jek]feÙky]dfiy]¼2003½]uwru ekè;fed HkkSfrdh]esjB]m- ç-]u- ç-çk-fyJhokLro] vfurk] lko] lquhrk] pkScs] jhrk] eq[ktÊ] çlUu] iVsy]ih- lh-]jLrksxh];w-ds-],e-fot;y{eh] lkgw]gsear dqekj]¼2018½]foKku f'k{k.k]jk;iqj] NÙkhlx<+] ,l-lh-Ã-vkj-Vh'kekZ] vkj- ,-]¼1991½]VsDuksy‚th v‚Q ,tqds'ku] esjB] m-ç-]y‚;y cqd fMiks dfiy] ,p-ds-]¼2007½]vuqlUèkku fofèk;k¡] vkxjk] m- ç-],p-ih-HkkxZo cqd gkml JhokLro]Mh- ,u-]¼2007½]euksoSKkfud vuqlUèkku vkSj ekiu]vkxjk]m-ç-]fouksn iqLrd eafnj 'kekZ] vkj- ,-]¼2006½]f'k{kk vuqlUèkku] esjB] m-ç-]vkj- yky- cqd- fMiks-

Copyright © 2020, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language