UCHHATAR MADHYAMIK STAR KE VIDHYARTHIYO KI VYAVSAYIK AKANKSHAO KA VISHLESHAN

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, MAR-APR, 2022, VOL- 9/70

mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa dk fo'ys"k.k losZ'k dqekj

vflLVaVs izksQl s j] f'k{kk'kkL= foHkkx] cjsyh dkyst cjsyh Paper Received On: 25 APR 2022 Peer Reviewed On: 30 APR 2022 Published On: 1 MAY 2022

Abstract

fdlh Hkh ns'k dh le`f) mlds uo;qodksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA tc rd mudh 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld {kerkvksa dk iw.kZ fodkl ugha gksxk] rc rd og viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk iw.kZ mi;ksx ns'k o lekt ds fgr ds fy, ugha dj ldrsA ckyd dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk dk Kku izkIr dj mlesa fufgr {kerkvksa dks mfpr fn'kk esa fodflr gksus ds volj iznku fd;s tk ldrs gSaA O;fDr ds vuqi;qDr ,oa v:fpdj O;olk; esa Bgjus ij vkfFkZd gkfu gksrh gS] lkFk gh lkFk O;fDr ds O;fDrRo dk ál Hkh gks tkrk gSA mi;qDr O;olk; dks viukus ij O;fDr dks [kq'kh vkSj larks"k izkIr gksrk gS rFkk mldk O;fDrxr fodkl gksrk gSA ;fn O;fDr dks v:fpdj ,oa vuqi;qDr O;olk; esa dk;Z djuk iM+rk gS rks mldk thou fujk'kk esa O;rhr gksrk gSA Qyr% mlds O;fDrRo dk ál gksrk gSA bl izdkj O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk dk Kku izkIr dj fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks mi;qDr O;olk; dk p;u djus o O;fDrRo ds iw.kZ:is.k fodkl dh n`f"V ls egRoiw.kZ gSA IkzR;sd O;fDr var%fufgr {kerkvksa dks ysdj tUe ysrk gSA mldh :fp;kW] vfHk:fp;kW] ;ksX;rk;sa] {kerk;sa fHkUu&fHkUu gksrh gSA bUgha ds vuqlkj izR;sd O;fDr vius ifjokj dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djus vkSj vius thou dks O;ofLFkr :i ls pykus gsrq fHkUu&fHkUu O;olk;ksa dks izkIr djus dh dkeuk izdV djrk gS ,oa mUgsa izkIr djus ds fy, iz;kljr jgrk gSA viuh :fp ds vuqlkj O;olk; izkIr djus dh ;gh dkeuk O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk dgykrh gSA izLrqr 'kks/k&i= esa mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k Xk;k gSA Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

izLrkouk f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls gh ns'k dh izfrHkk vkSj lalk/kuksa dk loksZRre mi;ksx O;fDr] jk"Vª ,oa fo'o dh HkykbZ ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkt f'k{kk dk eq[; mn~ns'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa O;kolkf;d dq'kyrk dk fodkl djuk gSA LoxhZ; Jherh bafnjk xkW/kh us tkfe;k fefy;k bLykfe;k fo'ofo|ky; esa mnZw nh{kkar lekjksg esa Hkkx ysrs gq, dgk fd *flQZ ogh rkyhe dk;e jg ldrh Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

losZ'k dqekj

16725

(Pg. 16724-16734)

gS tks O;kogkfjd thou esa rkyesy j[krh gksA mi;ksfxrk ds fcuk dsoy fnekxh Kku ls dksbZ ykHk ugha gSA f'k{kk dk mn~ns'; ;g gksuk pkfg, fd yksx f'k{kk esa fofHkUu fl)karksa] mn~ns';ksa ,oa vkn'kksZa esa vUrj le> ldsA f'k{kk ,slh gksuh pkfg, ftlls fiNM+s vkSj fuEu oxksZa dks ykHk fey lds] lkFk gh izfrHkk'kkyh Nk=ksa dks iw.kZ izksRlkgu fey ldsA* vkdka{kk Yk{; ;k ewY; dks izkIr djus dh bPNk vkdka{kk dgykrh gSA bu y{;ksa vkSj ewY;ksa ds izfr O;fDr dh bPNk dh rhozrk dks vkdk{kka Lrj dgrs gSA vkdk{kk Lrj ls O;fDr ds rkRdkfyd y{; dk ladsr feyrk gS ftls ,d O;fDr izkIr djus ds fy, iz;kl djrk gSA vkdka{kk ds izdkj% 1) /kukRed ,oa _.kkRed& vkdka{kk /kukRed vkdka{kk og gS ftlesa O;fDr lQyrk izkfIr dh vksj mUeq[k gksrk gSA nwljh vksj _.kkRed vkdka{kk og gS ftlesa O;fDr vlQyrk nwj djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA 2) rkRdkfyd ,oa nwjxkeh& vkdka{kk rqjUr Hkfo"; ¼tSls vkt] dy] vxys lIrkg ;k vxys eghus½ ds fy, fu/kkZfjr y{; rkRdkfyd vkdka{kk;sa gSaA tcfd Hkfo"; esa ¼1 o"kZ ;k 5 o"kZ ckn½ ds fy, fu/kkZfjr y{; nwjxkeh vkdk{kk;sa gSA 3) okLrfod ,oa vokLrfod& vkdka{kk OkkLrfod vkdka{kk og gS tks O;fDr dh ;ksX;rkvksa ds vuqdwy gksrh gSA nwljh vksj vokLrfod vkdka{kk og gS tks O;fDr dh ;ksX;rkvksa ls vf/kd gksrh gS ;k de gksrh gSA O;olk; ds vusd {ks= gS] tSls lkfgfR;d] oSKkfud] jpukRed] dykRed okf.kfT;d] d`f"k vkfnA bUgha O;olk;ksa esa ls O;fDr viuh bPNkuqlkj fdlh ,d O;olk; dk p;u djrk gS ijUrq dbZ ckj ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd og viuh bPNkuqlkj O;olk; ugha pqu ikrk gSA mfpr O;olk; dk p;u ,d dfBu dk;Z gSA O;fDr dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk] :fp] thou&'kSyh] fofHkUu ;ksX;rkvksa o {kerk;s]a fofHkUu O;olk;ksa ds fo"k; esa Kku] orZeku le; esa lekt dh cnyrh lekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr o O;olk;ksa dh c<+rh la[;k vkfn rRo O;fDr ds O;olk; p;u dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA dbZ ckj ikfjokfjd vkSj vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;kW O;olk; p;u djus es mlds le{k vk tkrh gSA fu/kZurk Hkh mi;qDr O;olk; dk p;u u dj ikus dk izeq[k dkj.k gSA tula[;k dh o`f} ds dkj.k csjkstxkjh dh leL;k c<+ x;h gSA csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k O;fDr dks tgkW Hkh O;olk; feyrk gSA pkgs o mldh :fp] vkdka{kk ;k ;ksX;rk ds vuq:i gks ;k u gks] og fcuk bl rF; ij fopkj fd;s ml O;olk; dks viuk ysrk gSA og O;olk; mldh :fp vkSj vkdka{kk ds vuq:i u gksus ds dkj.k Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

losZ'k dqekj

16726

(Pg. 16724-16734)

O;fDr ml O;olk; ds lkFk lek;kstu LFkkfir ugha dj ikrk gS ftlds dkj.k mldh ekufld o 'kkjhfjd {kerkvksa dk guu gksrk gS rFkk og vius ifjokj o jk"Vªfgr esa mruk lg;ksx ugha ns ikrk] ftruk mlls visf{kr gksrk gSA O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk nks 'kCnksa&O;olk; vkSj vkdka{kk ls feydj cuk gSA blds izFke 'kCn O;olk; dk rkRi;Z thfodksiktZu ds egRo dh oLrqvksa ,oa fØ;kvksa ls gS rFkk nwljs 'kCn vkdka{kk dk vFkZ vfHkyk"kk ;k bPNk ls gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i O;fDr vius y{; dks fu/kkZfjr dj mldh izkfIr gsrq iz;Ru’khy jgrk gSA bl izdkj tc fdlh O;fDr dh bPNk ;k vfHkyk"kk fdlh thfodksiktZu ds egRo dh oLrqvksa ,oa fdz;kvksa ds izfr gksrh gS vkSj mls izkIr djus ds fy, og iz;Ru’khy jgrk gS rks mldh ;g bPNk ;k vfHkyk"kk O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk dgykrh gSA ek/;fed f'k{kk] izkFkfed ,oa mPp f'k{kk ds e/; lsrq dk dk;Z djrh gSA blds ckn ;k rks ckyd mPp f'k{kk esa izos'k djrk gS ;k ikfjokfjd thou dh 'kq:vkr djrk gSA ikfjokfjd thou ds lQy lapkyu ds fy, ckyd esa thou&dkS'kyksa dk gksuk vko';d gSA blhfy, bl Lrj ij O;kolkf;d ikB~;p;kZ ds vUrxZr fo"k; p;u ,d egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ts0 ,l0 xzsoky }kjk fufeZr O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ekiuh esa dqy 8 iz'uksa ds vUrxZr 80 O;olk;ksa dks fuEu vk/kkj ij j[kk x;k gS& 1 vkn'kZiw.kZ vkdka{kk Lrj& vkn'kZ iw.kZ vkdka{kk Lrj dk vfHkizk; ;g gS fd ckyd viuh bPNkuqlkj viuh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk dks izdV djrk gSA ckyd ds Åij dksbZ ncko ugha iM+rk gSA ckyd dks Lora= gksdj O;olk; p;u dj fpUg yxkus dk funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gSA blds varxZr nks izdkj ds O;olk; fy;s x;s gSa& ¼v½ vYidkfyd O;olk;& vYidkfyd O;olk; dk rkRi;Z de le; esa izkIr gksus okys O;olk; ls gSA blds varxZr ckyd fo|ky;h f'k{kk lekIr djus ds i'pkr ftl O;olk; dh vkdka{kk j[krk gS mUgsa lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA ckyd Lora=rkiwod Z mUgha O;olk;ksa ij fpUg yxkrk gSA ¼c½ nh?kZdkfyd O;olk;& blds varxZr vf/kd le; O;rhr gks tkus ds i'pkr izkIr gksus okys O;olk;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA ckyd viuh fo|ky;h f'k{kk lekIr djus ds i'pkr ftl O;olk; dks izkIr djus dh bPNk izdV j[krk gS mls ml Js.kha esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA ekiuh es a ckyd Lora=rkiwoZd viuh bPNkuqlkj p;fur O;olk; ij fpUg yxkrk gSA 2 ;FkkFkZiw.kZ vkdka{kk Lrj& bl izdkj ds O;olk; ds varxZr mu O;olk;ksa dks j[kk gS ftlds fo"k; esa ckyd lksprk gS fd ;g O;olk; OkkLrfod :i esa mls ykHkizn gksxk rFkk mPp lkekftd] Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

losZ'k dqekj

16727

(Pg. 16724-16734)

vkfFkZd] ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks izkIr djus esa lgk;d fl} gksxkA izLrqr ijh{k.k esa bl izdkj ds O;olk; dks fu'p;kRed :i ls izkIr gks tkus okys O;olk;ksa ds varxZr j[kk x;k gSA blds varxZr Hkh nks izdkj ds O;olk; fy;s x;s gSa& ¼v½ vYidkfyd O;olk; ¼c½ nh?kZdkfyd O;olk; fdlh ckyd dks mldh bfPNr oLrq izkIr ugha gksrh gS rks og ekufld vlarqf"V dk vuqHko djrk gS vkSj mldk efLr"d fgalkRed izo`fRr;ksa dh vksj mUeq[k gks tkrk gSA mldk ekufld vkSj 'kkjhfjd fodkl blls izHkkfor gksrk gSA blh izdkj O;fDr dks mldh :fp ds vuqlkj O;olk; u feys rks mldk eu o efLr"d dqf.Br gksus yxrk gSA og viuh izfrHkk ds lkFk iw.kZ U;k; ugha dj ikrkA ifjokj o lekt dks mlls tks vis{kk;sa gksrh gSa og mudks Hkh iwjk ugha dj ikrk gSA ifj.kke Lo:i dHkh&dHkh mlesa vkijkf/kd Hkkouk Hkh fodflr gksus yxrh gS tks mldk rks vfgr djrh gh gS rFkk mlds ifjokj] lekt o jk"Vª dks Hkh uqdlku igqWpkrh gSA izLrqr v/;;u dk egRo Nk=ks]a vfHkHkkodksa ,oa ns'k ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls gS D;ksafd bl v/;;u }kjk izkIr fu"d"kksZ ds vk/kkj ij ckyd dks mldh bPNkuqlkj O;olk; pquus esa lgk;rk iznku dj ldrs gSaA 'kks/k ds mn~ns'; 1- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds 'kgjh Nk= ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa dk fuEufyf[kr ds lUnHkZ esa v/;;u djuk& a. vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh b. nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh c. vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh d. nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh 2- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds xzkeh.k Nk= ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa dk fuEufyf[kr ds lUnHkZ esa v/;;u djuk& a. vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh b. nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh c. vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh d. nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

losZ'k dqekj

16728

(Pg. 16724-16734)

3 mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa rFkk 'kgjh Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa fuEufyf[kr ds lUnHkZ esa v/;;u djuk & a. vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh b. nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh c. vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh d. nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh 4 mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=ksa rFkk xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa dk fuEufyf[kr ds lUnHkZ esa v/;;u djuk& a. vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh b. nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh c. vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh d. nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh ifjdYiuk;sa 1- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds 'kgjh Nk=ksa vkSj Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa fuEufyf[kr ds lUnHkZ esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gS& a. vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh b. nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh c. vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh d. nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh 2- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds xzkeh.k Nk=ksa vkSj Nk=kvksa dh O;koLkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa fuEufyf[kr ds lUnHkZ esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gS& a. vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh b. nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh c. vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh d. nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

losZ'k dqekj

16729

(Pg. 16724-16734)

3- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa rFkk 'kgjh Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa fuEufyf[kr ds lUnHkZ esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gS& a. vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh b. nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh c. vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh d. nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh 4 mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk= rFkk xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa fuEufyf[kr ds lUnHkZ esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gS& a. vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh b. nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh c. vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh d. nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh 'kks/k fof/k& izLrqr 'kks/k dk;Z esa losZ{k.k fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA tula[;k& izLrqr 'kks/k esa tula[;k ls rkRi;Z mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds 'kkgtgkWiqj esa v/;;ujr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls gSA U;kn’kZ rFkk U;kn’kZ fof/k& izLrqr 'kks/kdk;Z gsrq 'kks/kkFkhZ f}Lrjh; ;kn`fPNd fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;kA izFke Lrj ij 'kkgtgkWijq ds N% fo|ky;ksa dks ;kn`fPNd fof/k ls pquk x;kA f}rh; Lrj ij p;fur fo|ky;ksa ls 200 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ;kn`fPNd fof/k ls p;fur fd;k x;kA fon~;kFkhZ

Nk=

Nk=k;sa

dqy fon~;kFkhZ

'kgjh

50

50

100

xzkeh.k

50

50

100

dqy fon~;kFkhZ

100

100

200

iz;qDr midj.k& izLrqr 'kks/k esa vkWdM+ksa ds laxzg gsrq ts0,l0 xzsoky }kjk fufeZr O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ekiuh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA vkaadM+ks dk oxhZdj.k ,oa fo'ys"k.k& izLrqr 'kks/k&i= esa vkWdM+ksa dk fo'ys"k.k pkj pj.kksa esa O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ijh{k.k ij l= 2010&11 esa izkIr vkaadM+ks ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gSA

Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

16730

losZ'k dqekj (Pg. 16724-16734)

izFke pj.k% 'kgjh Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa ds e/;ekuksa dk fooj.kA rkfydk & 1 O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk;sa vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh

e/;eku 13-5 14-00 13-46 14-12

'kgjh Nk= izekf.kd fopyu 3-27 3-50 2-80 3-22

e/;eku 13-06 13-52 12-50 13-2

'kgjh Nk=k;sa izekf.kd fopyu 3-28 3-18 3-37 2-72

Vh0eku 0-67 1-07 1-57 1-56

rkfydk&1 ds fo'ys"k.k ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd 'kgjh Nk= rFkk 'kgjh Nk=kvksa esa O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ds pkjksa {ks=ksa es& a vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh] nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh] vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh ,oa nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh {ks=ksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha ik;k x;kA blfy;s izFke 'kwU; ifjdYiuk& **'kgjh Nk=ksa rFkk Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gS** iw.kZ :i ls Lohd`r dh tkrh gSA bl vk/kkj ij dg ldrs gSa fd 'kgjh Nk= rFkk 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSA f}rh; pj.k% xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa ds e/;ekuksa dk fooj.k rkfydk&2 O;klkf;d vkdka{kk;sa

xzkeh.k Nk= e/;eku

vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh

12-70 13-74 13-32 14-56

xzkeh.k Nk=k;sa

izkekf.kd fopyu

e/;eku

2-71 2-48 2-41 2-56

11-24 12-24 11-46 11-68

Vheku

izkekf.kd fopyu 3-47 2-97 3-75 2-40

2-34* 2-74* 2-79* 5-69*

*¾ 0-01 fo'okl Lrj ij lkFkZd rkfydk&2 ds fo'ys"k.k ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd xzkeh.k Nk= rFkk Nk=kvksa esa O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ds pkjksa {ks=ksa& vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh] nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh] vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh ,oa nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh {ks=ksa esa lkFkZd vUrj gSA blfy;s f}rh; 'kwU; ifjdYiuk& Þxzkeh.k Nk=ksa rFkk Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSAß dks vLohd`r fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fu"d"kZ ds :i esa ge dg ldrs gS fd xzkeh.k Nk=ksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk;sa pkjksa {ks=ksa esa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa dh vis{kk mPp gSA

Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

16731

losZ'k dqekj (Pg. 16724-16734)

r`rh; pj.k % xzkeh.k Nk= ,oa Nk=kvksa rFkk 'kgjh Nk= ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa ds e/;ekuksa dk fooj.kA rkfydk&3 O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk;sa

xzkeh.k Nk= o Nk=k;sa e/;eku

'kgjh Nk= o Nk=k;sa

izkekf.kd fopyu

e/eku

izkekf.kd fopyu

Vh-eku

vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh

11-97

3-20

13-28

3-28

2-91*

nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh

12-99

2-92

13-76

3-35

1-71

vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh

12-18

3-46

12-98

3-16

1-73

nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh

13-12

3-00

13-66

3-02

1-28

*¾ 0-01 ds fo'okl Lrj ij lkFkZd rkfydk&3 ds vkadM+ksa ij n`f"Vikr djus ds i'pkr ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa rFkk 'kgjh Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa esa vYidkfyd vknZ'koknh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ds {ks= dks NksM+dj vU; lHkh nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh] vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh] nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh {ks+=ksa ds e/;ekuksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha ik;k x;kA vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=ksa rFkk xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa ds bu {ks=ksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSA bl izdkj r`rh; 'kwU; ifjdYiuk& **xzkeh.k Nk= ,oa Nk=kvksa ,oa ’kgjh Nk= ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;ko;kf;d vkdka{kkvksas esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gSA** vkaf'kd :i ls Lohd`r dh tkrh gSSA prqFkZ pj.k% xzkeh.k ,oa ’kgjh Nk=ksa rFkk xzkeh.k ,oa ’kgjh Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa ds e/;ekuksa dk fooj.kA rkfydk&4 O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk;sa

vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh

xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk= e/;eku izkekf.kr fopyu

xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=k;sa e/eku izkekf.kd fopyu

13-10 13-87 13-39 14-34

12-15 12-82 12-03 12-47

3-03 3-11 2-64 2-96

3-50 3-12 3-60 7-79

Vh-eku

2-05* 2-38* 3-04* 4-60*

* ¾ 0-05 ds fo'okl Lrj ij lkFkZd rkfydk&4 esa iznf'kZr vkadM+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=ksa rFkk xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh] nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh] vYidkfyd ;FkkZFkoknh rFkk nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa ds {ks=ksa esa lkFkZd vUrj ik;k x;kA blfy;s prqFkZ 'kwU; ifjdYiuk **xzkeh.k ,oa 'kgjh Nk=ksa rFkk xzkeh.k ,oa 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa lkFkZd vUrj gS** dks vLohd`r fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g fu"d"kZ izkIr gksrk gS fd xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=ksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk;sa xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa dh vis{kk mPp gSA fu"d"kZ& 'kwU; ifjdYiukvksa ds ijh{k.k gsrq vkadM+ks dh lkaf[;dh; izfØ;k ds mijkUr mudh fo'ys"k.k rFkk O;k[;k ds vk/kkj ij 'kgjh rFkk xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa ls lEcfU/kr tks fu"d"kZ izkIr gq, gS os bl izdkj gSa& izFke 'kwU; ifjdYiuk **'kgjh Nk=ksa rFkk 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gS** iw.kZ :i ls Lohd`r dh tkrh gSA 'kgjh Nk+= o 'kgjh Nk=kvksa ds O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ds vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh] nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh] vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh rFkk nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh lHkh {ks=ksa esa lkFkZd vUrj ugha ik;k x;kA 'kgjh Nk=ksa ds O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk e/;eku izkIrkad rFkk 'kgjh Nk=kvksa ds O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk e/;eku izkIrkadksa esa lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSA vr% 'kgjh Nk=kvksa vkSj 'kgjh Nk=ksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSA f}rh; 'kwU; ifjdYiuk& **xzkeh.k Nk=ksa vkSj xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gS** iw.kZ :i ls vLohd`r dh tkrh gSA xzkeh.k Nk= o xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ds vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh] nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh] vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh rFkk nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh lHkh {ks=ksa esa lkFkZd vUrj ik;k x;kA xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ds O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk e/;eku izkIrkad rFkk xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa ds e/;eku izkIrkadksa ls vf/kd gSA vr% xzkeh.k Nk=ksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa dh vis{kk mPp ik;h xbZA r`rh; 'kwU; ifjdYiuk& ** mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa rFkk 'kgjh Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gS** vkf’kad :i ls Lohd`r dh tkrh gSA xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa rFkk 'kgjh Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa es nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh] vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh rFkk nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh lHkh {ks=ksa esa lkFkZd vUrj ugha ik;k x;k gSA O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ds vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh {ks= esa 'kgjh Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ds e/;eku dk izkIrkad vf/kd gSA vr% vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk {ks= esa 'kgjh Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ,oa Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk dh vis{kk mPp ik;h x;h A prqFkZ 'kwU; ifjdYiuk& ** mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=ksa rFkk xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gS** iw.kZ :i ls vLohd`r dh tkrh Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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gSA xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=ksa ,oa xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=kvksa es vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh] nh?kZdkfyd vkn'kZoknh] vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh rFkk nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh lHkh {ks=ksa esa lkFkZd vUrj ik;k x;k gSA O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ds vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh] nh?kZdkfyd vkn’kZoknh] vYidkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh rFkk nh?kZdkfyd ;FkkFkZoknh lHkh {ks=ksa {ks= esa xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=ksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk dk e/;eku vf/kd gSA vr% vYidkfyd vkn'kZoknh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk {ks= esa xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=ksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk xzkeh.k o 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk dh vis{kk mPp ik;h x;hA bl v/;;u esa ;g tkuus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd {ks= vkSj fyax ds vk/kkj ij oxhZd`r fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kkvksa esa lkFkZd vUrj gS vFkok ughaA bl v/;;u ds }kjk izkIr fu"d"kksZ ds vk/kkj ij ckydksa dks mudh O;kolkf;d vkdka{kk ds vuqlkj O;olk; pquus gsrq mfpr funsZ'ku o ijke'kZ fn;k tk ldrk gSA muds fy, fof'k"V izdkj dh f'k{k.k O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS rkfd muesa O;kolkf;d dq'kyrk dk fodkl gks ldsA og viuh vkdka{kk ds vuqlkj pqus x;s O;olk; esa mfpr izdkj ls lek;kstu LFkkfir djds viuh izfrHkk dks iw.kZ :i ls fodflr gksus dk volj izkIr dj ldsAa lanHkZ lwph Chauhan, S.S. (1982). Social Psychological Correlates of Vocational Aspiration. Agra: National Psychological corporation Bhargavan Bhawan.

Grewal, J.S. (1980). Vocation Environment and Education and Occupational Choice. Agra : National Psychological Corporation.

Pathak, A.(1995). A Comperative Study of Vocational Aspiration of Normal and Handicapped Children, unpublished, M.Ed. Disseration.

Sodhi, J.S. (1988). Vocational Interests and Occuptional Choice of Adolescent girls of Chandigarh. Indian Education Review.

Kumar, S. (2010). Uchchatar madhyamik star ke vidyarthiyon ki vyavsayik akankshaon ka adhyayan. An unpublished Dessertation. Bareilly: IASE. Bamagond, A. V. (2006). Psychological correlates of vocational aspirations of secondary school students. Retrieved from the website http://hdl.handle.net/10603/95430 on the date 01/01/2022.

Nutan, K. (1999). A study of Vocational Aspiration of High School Students. an unpublished Dessertation. Bareilly: IASE. Grewal, J.S. (1971). Educational choices and vocational preferences of secondary school students in relation to environmental process. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Vikram University.

Best. J.W. (1963). Ressearch in education. New Delhi: Prentice Hall.

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Garrett, H. E. (1985). Statistics in Psychology and Education. Professor Eneritus of Psychology, Eleventh, Indian. Reprint Columbia University.

Oberao, S. C. (1993). Educational & Vocational Guidance & Conselling. Meerut :Egla Book International.

Begum, P. (2014). Effect of information technology, intelligence, achievement motivation and occupational aspiration on vocational interest of secondary school students of Aligarh district. Retrieved from the website http://hdl.handle.net/10603/166132 on the date 01/01/2022.

Cheema, G. K. (2017). Emotional intelligence and academic performance in relation to occupational aspirations among government model schools students in Chandigarh.

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Sangma, N. M. (2013). A study of educational and occupational aspirations of secondary students in relation to socio-economic status in Garo hills. Retrieved from the website http://hdl.handle.net/10603/165855 on the date 01/01/2022.

Kumar, S. (2000). Vocational Maturity in 10+2 students of academic and vocational streams in relation to personality, achievement, motivation, socio-economic status. Ph.D. Thesis Panjab University, Chandigarh. .

Govt. of India (2020). National Education Policy. New Delhi: Ministry of Education.

Bhatnagar, S. S. (1982). Educational Psychology. Meerut : Surya Publication.

Grewal, J.S. (1971). Educational choices and vocational preferences of secondary school students in relation to environmental process. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Vikram University.

Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies