Architectural SSL - July 2014

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • Chronicling the Advancement of LEDs in the Built Environment

AT THE FRONT Today’s restaurant patrons are being dazzled with metal, wood and other artistic ceiling creations integrated with overhead lighting.

SSL BUZZ The latest DOE results show wide-beam LEDs are preferred among lighting professionals; a Chicago indoor farm utilizes SSL.

SSL PROJECTS London’s Hutong at the Shard offers diners a split Beijing/Shanghai theme, pairing high style with a neighborhood street vibe.

NUMBER 33 • JULY 2014 www.architecturalssl.com

Blend, not balance. High standards for lighting quality do not require the frivolous waste of energy, nor do stringent energy requirements justify bad lighting design.

This false sense of balance has led designers to believe they can’t have good lighting in an efficient package, but new technologies are making the blend easier. [Page 12]

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SSL Buzz: San Fransicso’s Bay Bridge now artfully lit.

35

Featured Project: Autodesk HQ gets SSL treatment.

38

White Pages: Choosing an appropriate light meter.

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 519 BRIARCLIFF ROAD, BOLINGBROOK, IL 60440

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w w w. n o r a l i g h t i n g . c o m

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42

BUZZ

PERSPECTIVES

08 In Brief: Direct TV makes magic with LEDs, polycarbonate sheeting.

07 Data Favor Wide Beams

05 LED Insights

New DoE study pits LED perfor-

31 Project Profile: Hutong brings the best of Beijing and Shanghai to London's Shard.

09 Brighter Bay Bridge

Is this the Twilight Zone, or was the talk at Lightfair really all about controls?

By Jim Crockett

Custom LEDs are elegant, efficient, and reduce glare.

48 SSL Observed

mance against fluorescent T8.

11 Solid-State Farming?

At Green Sense Farm, customized "light recipes" help plants grow and thrive.

02 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

Cheap retrofit strategies may look like the golden ticket, but in fact doom many buildings to a future of continued retrofits leading to a retro death spiral.

By Kevin Willmorth

How can we advance the state of the art if we are weighed with the anchor of gas lantern aesthetics, 2 × 4 troffer boxes, 6-in. can down-lights, and glassbulb shapes? What room is left to innovators when cheap short cuts block their efforts to change?

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31

FEATURES

DESIGN & PRODUCTS

12 Market Setting Feature: The Quality vs. Energy Fallacy

38 White Pages LED thermal management; choosing the best light meter.

The over-enthusiastic application of new lighting technologies to save energy—with little or no consideration of lighting quality—has created the fallacy that lighting designers can't have both. What can we do to bust that myth?

by Kevin Willmorth

18 At the Front: For Restaurants, No Ceiling on Style In today’s public dining establishments, ceiling creations in metal, wood, and other materials are being artistically integrated with lighting to create drama, flair, and singular style.

42 Advances Cove lighting, 3-D printed fixtures, modular LED, landscape retrofits and controls.

Architectural SSL, Vol. 8, No. 3 (ISSN# 1941-8388) is published five times per year by Construction Business Media.

Publication Office: Construction Business Media, 579 First Bank Drive, Suite 220, Palatine, IL 60067; 847 359 6493; www.architecturalssl.com. (Copyright © 2014 by Construction Business Media) POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Architectural SSL Magazine, 519 East Briarcliff Road, Bolingbrook, IL 60440.

by Vilma Barr

24 Featured Project: Creativity by the Bay With a lively, contemporary vibe—and a LEED Platinum rating— Autodesk's San Francisco HQ exemplifies modern office design.

by Vilma Barr

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ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 03

Designers don’t always work in a standard 4' or 8' world.

Sometimes, lighting needs to take its own shape, follow its own unconventional path.

It must be brilliant in a small space.

Equally brilliant in a long, sweeping expanse of space, creating a path of eye-catching illumination.

So unique. So GRÜV.®

GRÜV. Made to measure.

Create your vision at amerlux.com/gruv.

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NUMBER 33 • JULY 2014 www.architecturalssl.com Gary Redmond Managing Partner

Director Publishing Operations gary@architecturalssl.com Tim Shea

Managing Partner Director Business Development tim@architecturalssl.com

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Vice President Director, Art & Production dave@architecturalssl.com

EDITORIAL Jim Crockett 847 359 6493

Editorial Director jimc@architecturalssl.com

Kevin Willmorth

Editor kevin@architecturalssl.com

Are Lighting Controls Really Happening? impressed with Cree’s approach. Their Smart-

Megan Mazzocco 847 359 6493 CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Vilma Barr Barbara Horwitz-Bennett Ellen Lampert-Greaux Chuck Ross Jan Bottiglieri

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Member:

In this space, I’m always harping about controls; the fact that manufacturers somehow are listening to me just seems unreal.

Cast system uses a simple remote control to initially commission their fixtures. The company also claims no gateways are necessary, and the integrated controls and sensors should save significant labor in the field.

Acuity, once again, showed its innovative

“Wow.” That was actor Peter Dinklage’s stunned

Kelvin-tunable Aera system (they showed a beta

response to an interviewer who showed the

last year.) They also debuted their XCella wireless

Game of Thrones star a crazy online video

control system. Neil Egan, Acuity’s director of

featuring a guy singing the actor’s name over

communications, says the digitization of the lumi-

and over to the show’s opening music. Walking

naire shouldn’t be that surprising: “Look at your

the aisles of Lightfair, I felt the same shock: all

car and all the electronics that are in them now.

anyone wanted to talk about was controls. For

It’s the same thing on the lighting side—electron-

a moment I thought I was in the Twilight Zone.

ics are improving the quality of the environment.”

In this space, I’m always harping about controls;

A sea change may be taking place toward

the fact that manufacturers somehow were

controls Nirvana. I caught up with Kevin at the

listening to me just seemed unreal. Yet there

show, and we talked about this phenomenon

they were, a plethora of controls-integrated

over lunch. Being the picky bastards we are, we

luminaires—and wireless at that—from the likes

came up with some potential problems. First is

of Cooper, Acuity, Cree and Xicato.

scale—most of the time in talking about controls,

OK, maybe nobody was listening to me in devel-

it’s in context of pretty large projects, or at least

oping these products. Still, it goes to show the

controlling large spaces; yet many businesses

prophetic ability of Kevin Willmorth who, in our

and operations are small and probably won’t

last issue, pronounced it was time to look at the

ever have the need for such a sophisticated

world of wireless controls and sort through the

system, when a simple bi-level switching might

options. One of Kevin’s Sibylic warnings, however,

do the trick. The following week at the NeoCon

was that there is no universal wireless standard,

contract furnishings show, I may have seen an

and indeed various products that debuted at the

answer: Lighting Quotient’s L805 Tambient task/

show followed various protocols from Wi-Fi to

ambient product, a fixture specifically designed

Zigbee. Ultimately, that means users will have to

for today’s open office plans. It’s already Title 24

install gateways if different kinds of fixtures are

compliant, but the uplight portion of the lumi-

on different protocols—or not.

naire can be networked via a wireless module

I thought Ken Walmer from Cooper summed

equipped to each fixture, meaning four or 400

up the situation best: He likened the scenario

fixtures can be networked.

to the time when the first MP3 players hit the

I confess, my head is starting to spin. The good

market. There were many of them, with many

news for the confused is that Kevin believes we’re

different approaches; in the end, however, the

still years away from universal lighting controls.

iPod interface emerged victorious. Walmer says

The better news is that Kevin will continue to put

that’s the case today with wireless controls.

things in perspective; we’ll keep this dialogue

Cooper’s system is Wi-Fi based, and Walmer says

running in the Whitepages—feel free to join in.•

users won’t need any kind of gateway or additional hardware other than their switch/sensor pairing. In fact, he says the system can basically be installed by a company’s IT manager.

Simplicity and elegance, certainly, will go a long way. Along those lines, I have to say I was

www.architecturalssl.com

Jim Crockett, editorial director

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 05

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Recessed Troffers: LED vs. Fluorescent DOE LED TROFFER RETROFIT STUDY LIKES WIDE BEAM LEDS BEST

Bare Lamp and Luminaire Efficacy, by Lamp and Troffer Type

The latest CALiPER report from the U.S. Dept. of Energy’s Solid-State Lighting Program focuses on the performance of linear LED lamps designed as direct substitutes for fluorescent T8 products. Specifically, DOE researchers compared LED performance against a fluorescent-tube benchmark in five different types of recessed troffers. LEDs were shown to improve overall luminaire efficiency in K12-lensed and parabolic-louvered fixtures, but fell short in recessed indirect products.

The purpose of the study was to examine ABOVE: Efficacy, shown above, is an important metric, because it integrates the bare-lamp efficacy with the luminaire efficiency—a more important indicator of system performance and energy use than pure luminaire efficiency.

how a lamp’s light-distribution pattern relates to overall luminaire performance. It follows CALiPER’s Application Summary Report 21, which documented testing results on 31 linear

Lighting Professional Lamp Preference

LED products. Those tests found that many of the LED lamps had efficacies equal or superior to those of benchmark fluorescents, but none matched the luminous intensity distribution

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RECESSED INDIRECT

PARABOLIC

VOLUMETRIC

HIGH PERFORMANCE

LED Narrow (13-03) LED Medium (13-27) LED Wide (13-20) FL (BK13-30)

(10°) 4 2 3 1

(35°) 4 1 3 2

(10°) 4 2 3 1

(35°) 3 1 4 1

LED Narrow (13-03) LED Medium (13-27) LED Wide (13-20) FL (BK13-30)

2 4 3 1

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LED Narrow (13-03) LED Medium (13-27) LED Wide (13-20) FL (BK13-30)

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LED Narrow (13-03) LED Medium (13-27) LED Wide (13-20) FL (BK13-30)

4 2 3 1

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design could improve distribution, to bring actual installed performance to equivalence with fluorescent lamps.

Researchers selected five common two-lamp, 2-ft. × 4-ft. troffers: K12 lensed; recessed indirect; parabolic; volumetric; and high performance.

The researchers were interested in two performance factors—efficiency and efficacy. It’s interesting to note that LED lamps improved the luminaire efficiency in the K12 lens and parabolic-louver troffers, compared to the benchmark fluorescent, while the efficiency of the volumetric fixture remained nearly the same. The recessed indirect luminaire and highperformance troffer both had higher efficiency ratings with the fluorescent lamp. DOE considers efficacy the more important metric because it

ABOVE: Fluorescents topped all lists for appearance and comfort, but medium- and wide-LED-lamped fixtures were generally rated as acceptable; narrow-beam LEDs scored the worst.

Z

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ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 07

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 07

Y

integrates bare-lamp efficacy with the luminaire’s efficiency, better indicating the overall system performance. The results from this round of testing help prove this point.

Researchers also conducted subjective evaluations of facility managers, energy specialists and lighting professionals of all possible pairings. Participants ranked visual appearance and visual comfort of the four troffers with different lampings, along with each pairing’s acceptability for building projects. The responses weren’t subjected to statistical rigor, but several conclusions were clear: fluorescentlamped fixtures topped all lists for appearance and comfort. However, the medium and wide LED-lamped fixtures were generally rated as acceptable.

RETROFITS: DIRECT TV

The narrow LED lamp, with a clear

LED and Polycarbonate Sheeting Make Magic

aperture, was rated as worst for appearance and for comfort, except when used in the volumetric fixture, in which

When the designers and engineers of L.A.-based lighting

the luminaire optics almost completely

design firm Electroland were contacted by Direct TV to cre-

obscured the visible differences among

ate a new entrance for the company’s lobby, they pictured an

the LED lamps.

installation that would represent the convergance of artistic

In conclusion, the researchers

creativity, engineering expertise and fabrication know-how;

determined that LED lamps with a

but first they needed the right material to light the way. ”We

diffuse finish and, therefore, a wider

like to use LEDs for our installations, but LEDs can create

distribution and larger beam angle,

challenges when diffusing light and avoiding hot spots,” says

performed more like fluorescents than

Cameron McNall, principal, Electroland.

LEDs with a narrow beam angle. They

They turned to Bayer Material Science and the company’s Makrolon Lumen XY polycarbonate sheet-

also determined that volumetric and

ing. “Until now, we’ve had to use acrylic materials. We couldn’t believe when the Makrolon Lumen XT

high-performance troffers were the

polycarbonate sheet from Bayer came out. It is perfect for us. The flame retardant material is light

best candidates of the fixture tested

weight, robust and does a great job of transmitting light,” says McNall.

for retrofitting with linear LED lamps.

Additionally, Makrolon is easy to fabricate and enabled Electroland to have nearly all pieces deliv-

Because manufacturers may mis-

ered in pre-cut sections. This flexibility of the materials, in addition to the use of parametric building

identify beam angles in their techni-

software to design the 26-ft.-high installation, helped lower manual labor costs because the display

cal information, the researchers also

could be assembled on-site without the need to hire a skilled workforce.•

suggest specifiers see mockups before ordering large quantities of LED lamps for a retrofit project.

ABOVE: A visitor entering the lobby becomes a “star” in the sky on the video wall. As the person moves through the full-surround hall, illuminated by 47,000 LEDs, the “star” moves in step across the polycarbonate sheet wall. The star eventually swirls onto the bank of HD televisions as a goddess dancing, according to Electroland’s Cameron McNall.

08 • 05.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

www.architecturalssl.com

BAY BRIDGE: SAN FRANCISCO

Brighter, But Tighter and Stingier An icon connecting San Francisco and Oakland, the Bay Bridge is now not only elegantly but efficiently illuminated thanks to custom-designed LED fixtures by Musco Lighting. The company created more than 1600 fixtures that are powered by more than 51,000 Cree XM-L LEDs. Not only does the new lighting, recently completed by CALTRANS, look brighter and crisper, estimates predict it will save the state money, reducing energy costs by 50%. It’s expected to enjoy a lifetime of 15+ years—more than seven times the light source it replaced. The compact nature of the LED arrays allowed Musco to reduce the size and number of optics in a typical fixture used to light such monolithic structures, creating a uniform and more controlled light distribution that also helps to reduce glare and light pollution.•

OUTDOOR LIGHTING: FREE NLB GUIDE

Lighting the Way for Walkers Designers seeking guidance in LED-based outdoorlighting plans have a new resource in a report just released by the National Lighting Bureau (NLB).

“Pedestrian Friendly Outdoor Lighting” offers advice based on installations at Stanford University and at the Chautauqua Institute in upstate New York that were monitored by the U.S. Department of Energy.

The guide’s authors recommend full-scale mock-ups of any proposed installations. Additionally, they note, lower-output fixtures delivering warmer-color light over a larger area might be preferred by residents and pedestrians.

The report is available for free download on the NLB’s website, www.nlb.org. Look for the library under the “Resources” tab.•

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BIG BOX RETAIL: WALMART SUPERCENTERS

Walmart Launches LED in a Big Way Walmart is making big news in

help the retailer cut its outlets’ energy intensity

South Euclid, Ohio.

the arenas of LED and energy

by 20% by 2020.

Switching new store specifications to LED

consumption: the company has

To make this happen, the retail giant has

lighting is expected to save the company more

announced that all its supercent-

selected ceiling LED fixtures from GE, including

than $34,000 per store. Projected energy savings

ers and stores across the United States, Asia and

Lumination IS Series suspended luminaires, for

are also impressive, as the retrofits are expected

Latin America—along with subsidiary Asda stores

these new installations. The GE units were piloted

to total a reduction of 620 million kilowatt-hours

in the United Kingdom—will be lit with LEDs to

last year in Walmart’s first all-LED supercenter in

over the course of the next 10 years.•

AIRPORTS: GARAGE RETROFIT

V IS TA 15 0 0 S E R I E S S T E P L IG H T S

YOU DECIDE

IF YOUR DESIGNS NEED

POP

Savings Take Off Overseeing a garage that covers 13 acres and includes 11,800 parking spaces, managers with SeattleTacoma International Airport (Sea-Tac) saw plenty of room for energy and cost savings in the facility’s 7,000 light fixtures. The first phase of a 4-year replacement plan was recently completed, involving 1,600 HID fixtures.

In many cases, 100W and 400W HID luminaires have simply been retrofitted with 55W D6 and 140W D15 ReliaSys Retrofit Kits from Osram.

Where retrofitting 150W HID fixtures wasn’t

VISTA 1500 Series Step Lights with a Performance Optics Package (POP):

possible, 75W and 90W Osram ProPoint canopy

» Sharp cut-off optics deliver precise light placement without glare

savings of more than 1.4 million kWh is expected

fixtures have taken their place.

This first phase’s anticipated annual energy to add up to $83,308 in reduced energy costs.

» Optics can be hot aimed while installed to achieve your envisioned effect

Additionally, managers expect to save more than

» 30˚ adjustment with the maximum candela from 25˚ to 55˚ below horizontal » Multiple door options and face treatments: borders, louvers and sheer glass; customizable options and silk screening available » Extension rings to correct the positioning of optics and doors when housings are placed too deep in walls during installation

$140,000 in avoided maintenance costs, thanks HOT A I M I NG R A NGE

» LEDs from three up to larger nine up configurations

to the LED luminaires’ longer lifespan.•

EXPERIENCE THE VISTA DIFFERENCE. Explore the possibilities right here: vistapro.com/1500series

800-766-8478 | www.vistapro.com

Circle 06 VISTA PRO: 1/2 Pg. Island–Architectural Step Lights: Final 1/16/14

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AGRICULTURE: LED AUGMENTATION

Solid-State Farming?

An indoor farm operated in the Chicago area by Green Sense Farms is discovering new ways to use the latest technology. The farm is tapping into LEDs’ color-tuning capability to provide their plants with “light recipes” mixed to the wavelengths best used by individual vegetable varieties. GSF’s facility is designed around fourteen 25-ft.-tall growing towers; vertical growing helps the farm pack in more plants per acre. The lighting system, designed by Philips, adds to overall efficiency by enabling the facility to maximize plant photosynthesis and minimize energy use.

GSF hopes to build similar farms on college and hospital campuses.•

ABOVE: Plants’ sensitivity to light is very different from the human eye; plants use certain wavelengths of light more efficiently and respond in a different way to different sets of wavelengths. LED technology lets farmers fine-tune light based on the needs of specific crops. This also eliminates the need for pesticides, fertilizers or preservatives.

EDUCATIONAL SPACES: CONANT HIGH SCHOOL

Easy Lesson in Savings The entrance canopy of James B. Conant High School in the Chicago suburb of Hoffman Estates, Ill., had been illuminated by 20 175-watt metal halide wallpack fixtures.

Replacing these fixtures with 20-watt LPack LED fixtures from RAB has resulted in annual energy-cost savings of $5,000. With a government-sponsored green-energy grant supporting 90% of the purchase cost, the school’s payback period has been less than six months.•

Circle 07

There is nothing inherent to the effort of achieving lighting quality that is energy inefficient, and nothing about energy efficient design that precludes advancing quality.

So why does the lighting community keep casting the two factors in opposition?

Great lighting requires sensitivity to both—not in opposition, but in concert.

12 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

www.architecturalssl.com

By Kevin Willmorth, editor

www.architecturalssl.com

Balancing infers there are two opposing forces

but energy use targets are objectively blind to

acting against one another; when one is elevat-

this subjectivity. That is why lighting requires

ed, the other must move in opposition. A fallacy

sensitivity to both—not in opposition of one over

is an argument founded on poor or erroneous

the other, but in concert.

logic. The idea that energy use and lighting qual-

The focus should remain on quality, maintains

ity are forces that must be balanced against one

Derry Berrigan, CEO of Chicago-based Light

another presupposes that light quality is in op-

Think, an organization founded on the principles

position to energy efficiency. This is illogical—it’s

of improving lighting quality while reducing en-

a fallacy. Artificial lighting is not put into the hu-

ergy consumption by as much as 80%. “Lighting

man environment to consume energy, it is put in

quality without people and material context is

place to enable and enhance visual performance.

meaningless,” says Berrigan.

There is no reason to compromise the purpose of

Ken Reynar, a lighting consultant and owner

lighting systems to reduce energy consumption.

of Light Solutions, Park City, Utah, offers a simi-

The two factors add to the total value of a light-

lar insight. “Lighting technology has undergone

ing system as a whole.

rapid transformation recently, but the need for

Certainly, some lighting systems consume

high visual quality in the built environment has

energy unnecessarily, some products are ineffi-

never changed,” says Reynar.

cient, and some accepted practices result in poor

Unfortunately, what frequently occurs is the

efficiency. Conversely, there are uses of light for

over-enthusiastic application of new technolo-

enhancing the quality of the human experience

gies to save energy, with little or no consider-

that are not consistent with the pursuit of pure

ation of lighting quality. Berrigan reflects on her

energy consumption ideals. Quality is subjective,

personal frustration with this.

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 13

“There is a plethora of LED lighting companies selling door-to-door energy upgrades; in fact, this has happened in my own condo building, and the experience is depressing.”

Naomi Miller, a lighting consultant and designer/senior scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, offers a similar view. “Four or five years ago the winds shifted in the lighting industry away from increasing lighting quality… toward an emphasis on energy efficiency and the whiz-bang things LEDs could do with wild color in tiny sizes, sometimes at the expense of dimmability, color quality, and glare control,” she says. “Some of this was because new manufacturers entered the marketplace and promoted products that replaced older technologies without understanding all the characteristics that go into quality lighting installations.”

Reynar offers his own insight into the cause of disconnects. Like other transformative technologies, he says users are often forced to make

ers and others the first 30 – 45 minutes in the

compromises until the quality of new products

morning and after lunch. But the new California

HIGHLY DIRECTIONAL

fully develops—e.g. color quality in LED sources,

Title 24 bases WSF on highest wattage of lighting

glare, or controllability. “The need to meet ever-

fixtures, even if that high wattage will only be a

tightening energy efficiency mandates is one of

small percentage of the time,” says Walercyk.

the primary drivers of the advancement of solid-

For Berrigan, the issue is about the products

state lighting technology; for a good while, that

needed to accomplish the end goals. “Through-

meant having to compromise lighting quality to

out the entire lifetime of the electric lighting

hit the energy budget. Thankfully, those days are

industry, we have had manufacturers concerned

mostly behind us,” says Reynar.

more about one than the other…it is the rare

Miller supports this conclusion. “At this year’s

company that delivers products that [meet] the

LightFair, it became clear that the pendulum is

needs and desires of people while being extreme-

swinging back toward lighting quality,” she says.

ly energy efficient at a reasonable cost,” she says.

“I found excellent CRI LED products that dim

For others, the need for compromise has been

The key to efficiency in concert with dramatic effect is the selection of light sources with high directional efficiency applied judiciously to draw out the desired effect, mindful of over-lighting. This blending of source selection and design layout creates effect without waste, delivering a comfortable, interesting environment of uncompromised quality.

without flicker, that control glare and are even…

eased as technologies mature. Reynar believes

dare I say… drop dead gorgeous to look at! They

the advancement of energy-efficient sources and

deliver office lighting or pedestrian path lighting

products is actually reducing the effort required

with grace and comfort—and efficiency.”

to meet budgeting requirements: “It wasn’t long

For those looking to apply the latest technolo-

ago that, while designing a lighting system, we

gies to advance human performance, the conflict

had to run a lighting calc. program in one win-

between prescriptive energy codes without

dow and COMcheck in another to keep track of

consideration of lighting quality or visual per-

the lighting energy budget as we went along.”

formance is very real. Stan Walercyk of Lighting

While professionals may agree on the prin-

Wizards, and chair of Human Centric Lighting,

ciples of establishing lighting quality as the high-

sees this first hand. “As several studies have

est priority, non-professional lighting influencers

shown, relatively high light levels and high Kel-

are not as focused. With the current emphasis

vin can really be good for students, office work-

on retrofits and design build where lighting

14 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

www.architecturalssl.com

professionals are rarely engaged, lighting quality frequently suffers. With no professional influence to guide them toward quality solutions, compliance with prescriptive codes, even LEED, T24, or ASHRAE guidelines—or as Reynar noted, staying within COMcheck requirements—take precedence. In this, energy efficiency not only trumps quality, it is the only priority.

This failure can be put at the feet of the professional lighting community. While a great deal of effort has been put into the areas of “education,” and establishing standards, the professional lighting community has failed to engage and connect lighting decision makers, end users, and those involved in the day-to-day business of lighting application. Early in the emergence of SSL, the professional lighting community responded too slowly and often negatively, leaving the market in the hands of marketers, engineers and product manufacturers who decided not to wait for them to come around. To newcomers

Lighting exists to satisfy human needs.

That means the most critical aspect of lighting system design is quality, which necessarily requires the consumption of energy. This required energy should be used frugally.

from the advancing technical side, lighting practitioners were often seen as irrelevant.

Perhaps Reynar’s comment on his own approach sheds light on the issue. “I’m not an early adopter of any technology and prefer to let others do the real-world testing instead of my clients,” he says. “I was arguing against the use of LEDs in some applications as recently as a year ago but now I rarely find a reason to use anything else. The new lighting technologies are wonderful but are also forcing designers to deal with far more than just lumens and color; controls have become just as important, and that’s a good

www.architecturalssl.com

CONCERT, NOT COMPROMISE

thing. It’s forcing us all to think more about how

The application of efficient sources­—and luminaires designed and placed to illuminate wall surfaces— results in highly efficient use of light to gain a desired effect without compromise to either. The blending of effective energy use and consideration of the visual effect illustrates why the two concerns should be addressed in concert.

we experience and interact with our buildings.”

Berrigan adds, “We have made tremendous progress in addressing almost every lighting application. I have solid choices for meeting almost every need. [However,] the majority of LED product being adopted, especially in small businesses and hospitality, delivers in situ a worse, less desirable experience. That is more a commentary on the people specifying the product than the product itself.” This raises concerns over the state of the industry itself, and its ability to advance priorities of lighting application.

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 15

After 108 years of effort by the IES and 50

cy goals, will be technologies that exceed our for-

years of work by the IALD, why is the market still

mer expectations. For example, when advancing

suffering in the hands of poor decision making

technology delivers 110lm/W, it is easy to comply

when it comes to the single most important as-

with an energy code written when the best avail-

pect of lighting: its quality and effect on human

able technology delivered 65lm/W.

occupants?

Reynar sums this up well: “New lighting tech-

The answer is fairly clear. There is no aspect

nology has made getting the [blend of] lighting

of the building market doing any better, even

quality and energy use much easier. I’ve been

when licensed professionals are involved. There

using solid-state sources for the majority of my

are more than a few truly hideous buildings,

point source, linear indirect and accent applica-

energy hog structures, and even a few LEED

tions for quite a while now.”

Platinum award-winning failures to illustrate

This suggests that with every advancement

that this issue is not a lighting industry exclu-

in lighting technology that over-delivers in ef-

sive. The building market is a large, complex,

ficiency, the work of applying quality approaches

often messy work-in-process. The failure is not

over purely quantitative results becomes more

within any one or group of organizations, but the

practicable. As Reynar noted earlier, the need to

constant state of flux in technology and informa-

compromise quality to achieve energy goals is

tion, and the myriad of approaches taken by

reduced as the technologies mature.

individuals that result in dynamic disconnects.

Walercyk offers his own view and approach.

This is the state of being human, and will not

“Lighting should no longer be considered a com-

be resolved by writing more codes, prescribing

modity; the total value of good lighting is very

more tests to be run, demanding professional

substantial,” he says. “It is time for a market

licensing, or restricting choices available—al-

transformation in lighting.”

though these may and will be included.

What form any transformation might take,

The key to addressing lighting quality as the

and how the blend of quality and efficiency will

highest priority, while attaining energy efficien-

progress, is still to be determined. There also

16 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

VISUAL COMFORT, VISUAL INTEREST

Lighting is a critical component of the visual environment. In large public spaces, such as this terminal area, it would be all too easy to allow energy codes and concerns to destroy visual interest and effect. However, when the appropriate light sources with proper optics are applied in concert with architectural features, the end result is not only energy efficient, but enhances the experience to those within it.

www.architecturalssl.com

Part of the solution might come from the product manufacturers themselves. “Manufacturers are hiring lighting anthropologists and product designers to help them create luminaires that are aesthetically beautiful, meet the needs of people in context, [and] are more efficient than the legacy technology and cost approachable,” says Berrigan.

For Reynar, the issue is no longer SSL as a light source; the issue is control. “Specifiers still must consider a multitude of individual components [and] how each will interact with one another to make a lighting system function reliably. The result is significant additional time and effort spent on the behind-the-wall/abovethe-ceiling mechanics of the lighting system that wasn’t necessary before SSL,” he says.

Miller also values practical solutions. “I’d like to see more controllable products with simple, durable user interfaces. I want products that can be intuitively programmed from your smartphone today, but not abandoned in five years VISUAL COMFORT, VISUAL INTEREST

Lighting of surfaces directly as a source of ambience produces a combination of visual comfort and visual interest.

Use of appropriate light sources tuned to produce only the light required is the key to efficiency here. The overall perception of brightness and space are well in excess of actual foot-candle values, due to the proper application of lighting design practice.

www.architecturalssl.com

remains the nagging question of whether the

because the user app has not been updated

market is actually ready to engage in any sub-

for 2019 devices. And I want that product also

stantial transformation beyond adopting new

controlled from a wall switch, in case your phone

technologies to solve old problems.

landed in a puddle on the way to work,” she

Miller offers a promising view when she

says. “With the ever-increasing lumen output of

states, “In recent years there’s been a strong em-

LEDs, we need to see more consideration given

phasis on building LED products to replace exist-

to glare, especially for outdoor luminaires. And,

ing lamps and luminaires, but LED products that

there needs to be a greater recognition that

move beyond old form factors have been slow to

some ranges of light flicker are unhealthy.”

arrive. Now that our traditional luminaire manu-

Lighting exists to satisfy human needs. That

facturers are mastering this technology, we are

means the most critical aspect of lighting system

starting to see some impressive optical systems

design is quality, which includes aspects of

and luminaire configurations that employ the

levels, color, comfort, and visual performance.

advantages of the LED and its size and controlla-

This requires the consumption of energy, which

bility, including effective LED systems for direct/

should be used frugally to limit the environmen-

indirect office lighting. These optical systems

tal and economic impacts of its production. While

put the light where we want it, and some of the

energy use is affected by the lighting approach,

results are just delicious to look at.”

the idea that energy consumption stands in oppo-

Adds Reynar, “While there are efforts to mimic

sition to quality, thus must be considered in bal-

old incandescent technology by connecting light

ance, is fallacious logic. Quality does not demand

level with color temperature (dim the lights, the

the frivolous waste of energy any more than

color gets warmer), I’m excited about having

satisfying energy concerns demands forgoing

those two things separated. Twenty years ago

quality. Recognizing this is the first step toward

I would’ve loved to have had the ability to dim

wringing the highest quality from each watt

to the light level I wanted without affecting the

committed to the delivery of light for the highest

color temperature—it would’ve been magic!”

level of human experience and productivity.•

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 17

TOPICS AT THE FRONT

By Vilma Barr, contributing writer Too often neglected in the past,

they state, particularly true in

Exposed lamps follow the arches

time constraints or budget cuts,”

ceilings are becoming an im-

higher-profile dining destinations.

of designer Raphael Guastavino’s

she recalls. “(Ceilings) were ‘the

portant aspect of a restaurant’s

Historically, in great dining halls

tiled ceiling to create a distinc-

forgotten plane’.”

image, lending a discernable edge

of palaces and country estates

tive and timeless setting that has

Lighting designer and educator

particularly in increasingly

walls were covered with tapes-

drawn crowds for over a century.

Derry Berrigan lit her first restau-

competitive urban markets.

tries and portraits of the owner’s

In today’s public dining establish-

rant with LEDs 10 years ago. ”Light

In their classic book, Successful

forebearers, while ceilings were

ments, walls are usually too occu-

defines the dining experience,” she

Restaurant Design, authors Regina

adorned with glittering chande-

pied framing windows, holding up

states. “The most successful res-

Baraban and Joseph Durocher

liers, gilded medallions, or frescoes.

shelving, or serving as support for

taurant designs provide a dining

state that a restaurant’s clientele

Ornate, carved, and decorative

banquettes or other types of seat-

experience that stimulates all the

always notices the ceiling. They

ceilings were popular in Victorian

ing to make a major visual artistic

senses, especially sight, and light

cite the example of the impact of

homes, theaters, hotels, and res-

statement. Designers like Leslie

plays a significant part in driving

a special ceiling treatment: “In

taurants, fitted with early types of

Phillips are strong proponents of a

sales in hospitality,” Berrigan says.

an otherwise basic space, it could

electric-powered lighting.

ceiling design that integrates the

Here are examples from around

work like a woman’s designer hat

One of the earliest examples

lighting. “I realized early on as a

the world of restaurants, ranging

or piece of jewelry that can trans-

of dramatic architectural light-

student that ceiling design should

from delis to haute cuisine, that are

form a simple dress or suit into an

ing for a restaurant still in its

be incorporated and developed

characterized by ceiling creations

outstanding personal expression of

original setting is the Oyster Bar,

while the rest of the project is

translated from metal, wood, and

style and good taste.” Every restau-

which opened in 1913 within the

progressing. But all too often, it is

other materials, artistically inte-

rateur wants something different,

Grand Central Terminal, New York.

the ceiling that had succumbed to

grated with lighting.

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TOPICS AT THE FRONT

SHOULD I STAY OR SHOULD I GO

Pizza Vinoteca is a fast-food takeout restaurant on the ground level and a stylish casual dining restaurant upstairs.

Interactive kiosks for ordering speed service for patrons. Overhead lighting on the street floor interprets the horizontal lines of the wood wall panels.

Union Square in Manhattan has evolved into a go-to destination for up-scale

Pizza Vinoteca

casual dining, benefitting from heavy pedestrian traffic and the confluence

New York City, New York

of surface and underground transit systems. Pizza Vinoteca eschews typical pizzeria style for a sleek-hip, contemporary space where patrons can select

Lighting Design:

from 32 varieties of wine. Paul Gregory of Focus Lighting coordinated with

Focus Lighting

the sign fabricator to create a canopy over the entrance that uses lensed

Architect:

white LED strips for the sides and the underside. The first floor to-go area

Biber Architects

has a ceiling of staggered custom LEDs in one-, two-, and three-foot lengths.

For the second floor dining area, six-foot-diameter pendants each contain

Photos:

six 29-watt halogen lamps in a light box with an acrylic diffuser.

Courtesy: Focus Lighting

Shoehorned between an existing building’s lobby and

Shenzen Delicatessen

an exterior garden in Guangdong, China, the 1,560-sq-ft

Guangdong, China

Shenzen Delicatessen sets a hard-to-top contemporary design standard for elegance and individuality for this

Lighting Design:

building type. Into the double-height space, Shanghai-

Linehouse

based lighting designers Linehouse hung brass latticework on all four sides. It creates a double layer screen

Photos:

that serves to display informational chalk boards,

Benoit Florençon

cookware and merchandise, as well as defining the dining area. In the center of the suspended structure is a display case composed of stacked wood blocks, identified above by a set of hanging clear globe pendants from Artifices Lighting and 12V, 50W Osram 24-inch halogen downlights. Shelf lights are warm white T5 LEDs, rated at 2700K.

PARISIAN STYLE IN A NEIGHBORHOOD DELI

For Shenzen Delicatessen in Guangdong, China, designers at Linehouse punctured windows with bold geometric outlines to introduce daylighting to the sculptural interior. A gleaming white tile floor reflects natural and artificial illumination; outside, a teak floor deck has a central table and a banquet-size table for large groups.

www.architecturalssl.com

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 19

TOPICS AT THE FRONT

Tavern Wabi-Sabi

A combination tapas bar and sushi restaurant, the 2,900-sq-ft Tavern Wabi-

Valladolid, Spain

Sabi relates to its street-front location with large windows on two levels offering views to the inside. Internally illuminated flying fish representing

Interior and Lighting Design:

puffer, tuna, and catfish are hung above tables in front of the windows. Fash-

Sandra Tarruella

ioned of parchment, they serve both as decorative hanging works of art and as signage to attract guests.

Photos: Meritxell Arjalaguer

The Exchange Bar and Restaurant

Dining and shopping are two favorite pastimes of

Singapore

Singapore’s 5.5 million residents, who live and work on

FEEDING FRENZY

Opened in 2013, Tavern Wabi-Sabi has a full-width view into the interior. A school of suspended internally lit parchment fish give the space an art/aquarium-like appearance; overlapping lengths of walnut planks add texture to the back wall.

a 280-sq-mile island with an economy that grew 4.4 perInterior and Lighting Design:

cent in the final quarter of 2013. Competition by dining

designphase dba

venues is brisk for patronage by visitors and locals.

Located on the ground level of Tower 1 in the Asia

Photos:

Square complex in Singapore’s Central Business Dis-

Courtesy, designphase dba

trict, the 5,000-sq-ft The Exchange combines brasserie, lounge, and bar to become a top-rated venue to see and be seen. A dropped ceiling over a long rectangular dining area has sculpted cutouts outlined by warm white LED strip lights, approximately 2.5 W/ft. The ceiling design is influenced by the mosaic interpretation of a classic Persian carpet. Serving both functional and decorative purposes are classic flared Gubi Semi pendant fixtures. For general downlighting, the designers chose 10W and 12W dimmable lamps.

SINGAPORE STANDOUT

By combining sophisticated materials, lighting, patterned ceiling and floor, and inviting seating, designphase dba achieved a contemporary international image for The Exchange, helping the popular venue stand out in Singapore’s highly competitive dining market.

20 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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TOPICS AT THE FRONT

FROM DAY TO NIGHT

Designed as a franchise of the Italian coffee brand, Segafredo combines allday dining with a lounge area to attract patrons in the evening. Warm beige softens the daytime background, while red velour panels provide a setting for dinner guests.

Architect Antonio Di Oronzo, principal of Bluarch, says he took inspiration

Segafredo Restaurant Café Lounge

for his swirling illuminated ceiling design for Segafredo by observing the

New York City, New York

movement of cream being stirred into coffee. Extending the length of the dining area, the light box is fitted with warm white LEDs beamed down-

Interior and Lighting Design:

ward, while RGB LEDs glow upward. In the area defined by an undulating

Bluarch A+I+L

panel of six-inch red velour roundels, circular recessed luminaries are focused on the tabletop and the diners.

Photos: Meritxell Arjalaguer

Two stylish restaurants occupy the top three glass-

Sushisamba and Duck & Waffle

enclosed floors of the Heron Tower in London, England.

London, UK

The 21,300-sq-ft space is connected by a sweeping glass and metal staircase, giving visitors close-up views of

Interior Arch. and Lighting Design:

the illuminated ceilings of the two restaurants. Duck

CentraRuddy

& Waffle (top) is a 24/7 restaurant with a menu based on British culinary traditions (and yes, they do serve

Photos:

Duck on a Waffle, topped by a fried egg and accompa-

The Kalory Agency

nied by a beaker of maple syrup.) Sushisamba (bottom) features Brazilian/Peruvian/Japanese cuisine, and has been dubbed a “Star Trek for foodies” by a local London restaurant critic.

For Sushisamba’s main dining room, New Yorkbased architects CetraRuddy devised an asymmetrical, arched lattice bamboo ceiling structure with a hanging grid of 297 individual clear bulbs. For Duck & Waffle, accent lighting catches the edges of the suspended overlapping floating curved yellow panels.

TWO AT THE TOP

At Duck & Waffle, wrap-around floor-to-ceiling windows on the top fortieth floor of the Heron Tower provide views to the London cityscape and natural light during daylight hours. On Floors 38 and 39, Shushisamba’s futuristic interior boasts a 30-foot-high theatrical tree sculpture that weaves throughout the space.

www.architecturalssl.com

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 21

TOPICS AT THE FRONT

Roca Moo and Roca Bar

A renovation and redesign of Roca Moo, a popular classic Barcelona res-

Barcelona, Spain

taurant, added Roca Bar, to attract patrons seeking a more casual dining experience. Designer Sandra Tarruella prepared a new floor plan that

Interior and Lighting Design:

features a central kitchen-bar with a tall screen with built-in lighting in a

Sandra Tarruella Interioristas

random pattern that divides the two spaces. Daylighting from tilted-frame skylights is augmented by downlights. LED strips enliven the iron lattice,

Photos:

which displays artifacts and small sculptures.

Olga Planas

Der Spiegel

The dining facility within the new headquarters of the

Hamburg, Germany

news magazine Der Spiegel, known as the “canteen,” oc-

THAT ROCA STAR LIFESTYLE

Roca Moo’s recent upgrade complements its new gourmet menu. The main central open kitchen bar adds liveliness that can be seen throughout the space; a window behind the lattice-like room divider brings daylighting into the dining room.

cupies a prominent position at the front of the building.

Architect:

Full-height glass walls on two sides introduce generous

Henning Larson

daylighting. Located adjacent to the Elbe River, “The

Interior Design: Ippolito Fleitz Group

ceiling design as a distinguishing moment,” according

Lighting Design: Pfarré Lighting Design

space, “for a matte shimmering ceiling that reflects

to Peter Ippolito, was the theme for the interior of the light in much the same way as water.” It is formed of 4,230 circles of micro-perforated satin–polished alumi-

Photos:

num, set at slight angles to each other.

Courtesy Ippolito Fleitz Group

Round dining tables on black pedestal bases have granite tops with surfaces that have been laser-finished to create a glare-free light from the fixtures above.

Floors are white terrazzo. Four areas are spatially defined with removable, lightweight white hanging rods that contrast with the circular elements above.•

THE LIGHT IN THE MIRROR

All lighting fixtures for Der Spiegel’s canteen were custom designed. Large-scale, brightly colored light dishes suspended from the black-painted ceiling that were fabricated of Plexiglas by Lichtlauf divide the space into zones.

Placed directly above the tables, these dimmable fixtures contain lamps that are programmed to beam upward to the ceiling during evening hours.

22 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

www.architecturalssl.com

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www.waclighting.com Circle 08

F§±TUR§D PRoj§Ct

Autodesk Headquarters, San Francisco, Calif.

Creativity by the Bay

Architect: Gensler Lighting Design: Birkenstock Lighting Designs, San Geronimo, Calif.

Text: Vilma Barr Photos: Jasper Sanidad The Challenge: For the U.S. headquarters of Autodesk, a worldwide leader in systems used in the design of two- and three-dimensional products and projects, the design team had three goals: produce an environment with a high-tech visual approach to inspire a creative staff and encourage an interactive work style; create a lighting program that enhances the sculptural interior architecture on an allowance of $5 per square foot that not only meets California Title 24 codes but achieves LEED platinum rating; and architecturally link two low-ceilinged adjacent structures built 60 years apart.

The Solution: Architecture and interiors

by Gensler and lighting by Birkenstock Lighting Designs reflect Autodesk’s tech-forward image. Contributing to the goal of achieving LEED platinum, the office’s total lighting power density is equal to .50 WSF. Luminaires were selected to accommodate the low ceiling height between the structure and mechanical systems, in places that allowed only three inches of clearance. To simplify and minimize maintenance, seven types of fluorescent lamps are stocked, and six LED products were specified.

24 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

Office design is in the midst of its

the typical expanses of free-stand-

third design phase is currently in

biggest changes in half a century.

ing workspace enclosures spawned

its ascent. The first phase emerged

Not since the Quickborner team

by Knoll and Herman Miller are on

in the 1990s, incubated in the fam-

of German management consul-

their way out, replaced by com-

ily garage or a bare vintage indus-

tants announced their open office

munal working areas that offer a

trial loft. Next came the upgrade to

concept, which gained popularity

limited number of special purpose

real offices and then to sprawling

in the early 1960s, has there been

spaces, which are often glass-

headquarters complexes. Now,

such a new wave of environmental

enclosed.

well into the second decade of the

options on how and where employ-

To house the working environ-

twenty-first century, this third

ees can carry out their jobs. Even

ments for the high-tech industry, a

phase is characterized by mega-

www.architecturalssl.com

electronic communications giants

cated to fostering the employee

LOW POWER, HIGH STYLE

such as Google that have invested

interaction that takes place in a

in a new lifestyle working environ-

lively, contemporary environment.

ment—part adult gathering place,

However, the bells-and-whistles

At Autodesk headquarters in San Francisco, a high-tech visual approach inspires the creative staff, while a total lighting power density equal to 0.50 WSF helped the building achieve LEED Platinum.

part creative cauldron—to attract

have been set on a lower decibel

and keep the best and brightest

level and the environmental style

workers.

encompasses both upbeat and so-

The third phase is also generat-

phisticated outlooks. An example of

ing a variation on this theme. A

this current phase is the expansion

maturing tech industry is still dedi-

of Autodesk, located on the Embar-

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ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 25

cadero in downtown San Francisco.

The new offices were designed by Gensler, with lighting by Birkenstock Lighting Designs (BLD).

Gensler served as architects and interior designers for 71,000 sq. ft. of upgraded space and three new office floors surrounding an open atrium. Gensler used Autodesk’s own Mold Flow computer modeling as part of the design process to maximize ceiling heights and increase employees’ views to the outdoors. As a design tool, it was applied to the architectural geometry decisions to produce the patterns and flow of the office traffic.

In their brief to the design team, Autodesk, which creates and markets 3D modeling and visual effects software with a user base of 10 million professionals in more than 185 countries, sought to showcase their technology advancements, reflect local culture and materials, and emphasize their downtown

MODEL SOLUTION Autodesk, which creates and markets 3-D modeling and visual effects software, showcased their computer modeling technology advancements by applying the company’s Mold Flow computer modeling software to produce the patterns and flow of office traffic.

San Francisco presence. Also high

Gensler used Autodesk’s own Mold Flow computer modeling as part of the design process to maximize ceiling heights and increase employees’ views outdoors.

on the list was an environment that would generate interaction and the resultant creativity between employees. The company sought a platinum LEED rating for all three of the new floors in the expansion program, which expanded to the adjacent Steuart Tower, built in the mid-1970s, from the c.

1916 Landmark Tower, linked via a fourth floor bridge.

Environmentally sourced materials were specified for the new and existing spaces. Salvaged wood from retired shipping palettes

LIGHT DONE RIGHT

was turned into geometric ceiling

Studies from data generated through Autodesk’s REVIT program allowed lighting designer Olga Birkenstock and her team to observe critical hidden lighting sightlines. “From any position within the space, the lighting is never visible to the occupant,” she says.

forms, dining chairs are recyclable

26 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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GOLDEN GATE VIEW Autodesk asked the design team to create a space that emphasized their downtown San Francisco location.

polypropylene, floors are stained concrete, and much of the office’s furnishings were obtained locally.

Both Gensler and BLD used the company’s REVIT software to plan for the Autodesk expansion.

Working within a tight budget, BLD mixed LED and fluorescent sources installed in wood ceilings and took advantage of the reflective quality of white walls. “One of our objectives was to have the lighting elements level with the articulations of the ceiling, and still be able to adjust the aiming on key objects,” says Olga Birkenstock. Studies from data generated through the REVIT program allowed Birkenstock and her team to observe critical hidden lighting sightlines. “From any posi-

TOWN SQUARE Located at the main entry is a gathering space, meeting space, and coffee break area called the Town Square. Folded wood ceilings connect the open office across the core and frame views to the Bay.

tion within the space, the lighting is never visible to the occupant,” she reports.

Located at the main entry is a gathering space, meeting space,

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ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 27

INDOOR ENVIRONMENT For both new and existing spaces, designers specified environmentally sourced materials, including stained concrete floors and geometric ceiling arrays created out of wood salvaged from retired shipping palettes. Much of the office’s furnishings were obtained locally.

Birkenstock and her staff set a rigorously enforced minimum level of a 25,000hour life for all lamps specified.

28 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

and coffee break area called the

mocked up the setting and experi-

energy use was lowered due to the

Town Square. Folded wood ceilings

mented with various output and

lower ambient lighting levels. Walls

connect the open office across the

CRI combinations to ensure color

are washed to introduce additional

core and frame views to the Bay.

consistency,” Birkenstock relates.

visual brightness,” she points out.

Articulated ceilings that slope

In the spaces for staff members

Overhead, square indirect suspen-

and curve were outlined where

seated at long, desk-high work

sion luminaires and three- and

they met wall surfaces with cove

surfaces, target ambient light-

four-foot T5 lamps provide ambient

lighting. Flush-mounted LED

ing levels were established at 15

illumination.

MR16s for accent lighting were

footcandles. Autodesk wanted

Birkenstock and her staff set

subtlely positioned within the

employees to have individual

a rigorously enforced minimum

laminated wood ceiling elements.

control flexibility to suit their own

level of a 25,000-hour life for all

“Both LED and fluorescent fixtures

age, task, and preference levels.

lamps specified. For each LED type

provide up and down washing for

“On the work surface, with their

specified, the firm established its

the white walls,” Birkenstock says.

task lights on, 40 footcandles pro-

own testing sequence in its office

“In the Town Square space, to il-

vides a comfortable working level,”

to ascertain the visual consistency

luminate the white table tops, we

Birkenstock says. “In addition,

of CCT, color rendering, and Kelvin

www.architecturalssl.com

AUTODESK GAME ROOM In the game room—a popular social node in high-tech office settings—a dimensional 3D Autodesk logo is mounted on a recessed orange color surface, lit around the perimeter with linear fluorescent strips with parabola reflectors. This customized ceiling treatment is visible from the outside courtyard three stories below.

when reflected against the office’s

has a ceiling treatment that is

from which the visitors could work

white surfaces.

visible from the outside from three

was, appropriately, the Touchdown

A main corridor path that di-

stories below in the courtyard.

Room. Its visual statement is fanci-

vides the open office area is fitted

Yellow, blue and orange are vis-

ful and quasi-science fiction, unlike

with pavilions containing a meet-

ible across the office floor space.

other spaces in this site.

ing space and small focus rooms.

A dimensional 3D Autodesk logo

BLD dramatized the scene with

Private rooms for meetings and

is mounted on a recessed orange

Eliptipar wall wash fixtures, ALW

presentations have fully dimmable

color surface, lit around the perim-

combo LED/fluorescent linears,

2-ft-long T5HO fixtures installed in

eter with linear fluorescent strips

LED MR16s to light the tables, and

single continuous slots in an asym-

with parabola reflectors.

fluorescent to provide ambient

metric pattern. They are used in

Autodesk employees based in the

lighting levels.

combination with adjustable LED

firm’s other offices frequently visit

Not only do the employees of Au-

MR16s to highlight whiteboards,

the San Francisco headquarters

todesk like the lighitng, the project

table tops, and the participants.

for meetings or to collaborate on

was honored by the International

The game room, a popular social

projects. Gensler’s design response

Interior Design Assn. for an Award

node in high-tech office settings,

to the need for a distinctive base

of Merit.•

www.architecturalssl.com

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 29

Circle 09

LONDON’S MODERN TOWER—THE SHARD SERVES UP TWO SIDES OF CHINESE DELIGHT Hutong at the Shard, London, England

Hutong at the Shard has a split personality: half of the 130-seat space has a Beijing theme, the other has Shanghai ambiance.

Each has its own restaurant, bar, circulation spaces and private dining areas. The lighting scheme is programmed to evolve throughout the day and into the evening.

The Shard is a multi-purpose structure containing offices, the five-star Shangri-La Hotel, and residences. Rising to a height of 1,004-ft., its distinctive profile is created by eight elongated glass panel elements that extend to the full 87-story height but do not meet. Occupancy stops a dozen floors below the peak to allow the top to serve as an illuminated nighttime imagemaking beacon on the London cityscape.

Architect Renzo Piano wanted the Shard to be transparent, so those outside would have a clear view of what was going on inside. Ultra clear, lowiron glass is angled to reflect views of the sky.

“The building is an expression of the weather in London, changing all the time,” Piano said at the observation tower opening ceremonies in February 2013. Piano is credited with giving the building its name by describing it at a press conference as “… a shard of crystal,” and the comparison was adopted as the accepted identification.

Owner David Yeo, who operates 17 high-end restaurants, is a hands-on participant in the design of the dining facilities he operates. To cre-

ABOVE: Although it occupies the thirty-third floor of The Shard, Western Europe’s tallest building, the Hutong

restaurant was designed to resemble a friendly neighborhood street-level establishment in Beijing or Shanghai.

Owner David Yeo chose the name Hutong, which are small pathways criss-crossing the old sections of Beijing.

Photos: Richard Southall

ate the lighting at Hutong, Yeo selected Londonbased Into Lighting, Ltd., led by Into’s creative director Darren Orrow, who collaborated on the design with associate Anthony Stead.

Dark, hand-carved wood is used throughout both themed interiors, including the “Moon

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ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 31

SSLProfile:

Hutong at the Shard, London, England

THE CHALLENGE: Although it is located on the thirty-third floor of The Shard in London, Western Europe’s tallest building, the Hutong restaurant was designed to be representative of Chinese cultural heritage and the best cuisine from Beijing and Shanghai.

Diners at the London venue, however, have sweeping views in a 40-mile circumference visible through triple glaze floor-to-ceiling windows. The lighting—designed by Into Lighting in collaboration with client and restaurant owner David Yeo—was created to instill drama into the space without detracting from the surrounding views.

THE SOLUTION: To ensure the least possible glare and reflections in the glass, Into calculated exacting technical requirements and made extensive nighttime assessments. Owner David Yeo took an active part in the decision-making for the lighting to guide the design team. His concept for Hutong was to emphasize the theatricality of the space without losing the intimacy that he had successfully achieved in his restaurant of the same name in Hong Kong. Low-glare fixtures and lamps that were selected included halogen, incandescent, and LEDs.

NATURAL SELECTION Ceilings at Hutong are long shafts of dark wood on cross-pieces of the same wood. Each half of the restaurant has a bar crafted of stone and several types of wood; narrow pools of light at the bar top and sides accent the natural materials.

serve as theatrical stages for his guests, Into

effect is of twice as many fittings,” says Orrow.

chose accent lighting with low glare adjustable

Each custom-designed fixture houses an Elstead

spotlights on a suspended track system for the

halogen squirrel cage lamp. Pools of light from a

PROJECT CREDITS:

open ceiling areas. “We focused them on tables

central track with Enigma TMLAR111 low-glare

Owner: Aqua Restaurant Group

and key surfaces, avoiding unnecessary lighting

spotlights serve as wayfinding along the corridor.

Architect: Say Architects and David Yeo

of floor space and allowing for flexibility should

On the Beijing-side bar, “there is a wall cov-

Lighting Design: Into Lighting Ltd.

the placement of the tables be changed, “ says

ered with pressed tea tiles that we illuminated

Into’s Darren Orrow. “Low-voltage halogen

with concealed linear LED fittings within the

reflector IRC lamps were specified for their high

shelving to produce shafts of light,“ Orrow says.

color rendering properties, to bring out the best

In the area between the bar and dining tables, a

Gates,” the fretwork panels that separate the in-

in the presentation of the food.“

sculptural element of graceful branches appear

dividual dining settings. Above the table in each

In areas where the ceiling is visible, low-glare

to support the floor of the building above. The

space is a feature pendant containing a 240 60W

adjustable halogen downlights were specified

rectangular shape of the bar on the Shanghai

incandescent lamp. Additional illumination is

with deep-set lamps baffled from view. “All fix-

side is echoed in the dropped ceiling element

provided by five recessed adjustable 12V halogen

tures were specified in black to help camouflage

with surface mounted LEDs. Ringing the space

IRC downlights by Osram.

them against the black ceiling,” Orrow points out.

are red suspended feature pendants housing

To bring out the textures of the natural

Private dining rooms are illuminated with the

240V 60W incandescent lamps.

materials used in the bar areas and ceilings,

track system’s adjustable 35W halogen reflec-

Hutong was named the winner in the Hotels

Into selected narrow pools of light at the bar top

tor IRC spotlights beamed on the table and key

and Restaurant category in the Lighting Design

and sides. For the Beijing bar area, light pools

decorative features. Above the table and either

Awards 2014 program. The judges commended

across the wooden back bar; in the Shanghai bar,

side of the entry door are fixtures designed in

Into Lighting and David Yeo for “… the ability

it washes across the feature ceiling. Concealed

the style of traditional Chinese lanterns. “The

to create a complex lighting scheme alongside

warm white LEDs lilluminate the glass displays

feature wall within the Shanghai side is com-

panoramic floor-to-ceiling glass windows. The

and provide working light for the staff.

prised of Chinese lantern fixtures mounted floor-

restaurant is a showcase of collaborative design

To satisfy Yeo’s desire that his dining rooms

to-ceiling. With the mirror ceiling above, the

[between owner and designers].”•

32 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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Architectural Luminaire with Optional Sensors

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Circle 10

SpecialReport L§D ISSU§S

Bringing LEDs to the Lighting Mainstream Editor's Note: This is the first of three install-

I came into the lighting industry from the

interpreted by the brain, and these perceptions

ments highlighting key observations about LED

world of solid-state optoelectronics, where LEDs

are not altogether analogous to those light

issues adapted from "Understanding LED Illu-

were being worked on decades ago. As a physi-

quantities measured with man-made gadgets

mination" by Nisa Kahn, published in 2013 by CR

cist and electrical engineer, I was involved in in-

such as cameras or other imaging systems. This

Press, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group.

novating new optical technologies and products.

distinction is complex and lighting science takes

Although this field required intricate work, few

a simple approach that can be summarized as

Most people understand that a great deal of

of us really understood or appreciated lighting.

optical power and radiant power. The former is

energy can be saved by using LED lighting,

What is lighting? First, it's an optical science

detected by a fabricated sensor; radiant optical

which can run both on and off an electric grid. To

that deals with electromagnetic radiation within

power is measured in watts. The light flux we

reach this goal, however, a gap in understand-

the visible spectrum. That said, it is also an art

see is distinctly defined as luminous flux which

ing between the LED and the traditional lighting

with a relationship to human psychology as

is measured in lumens. The merit quantity—lu-

communities must be closed. Specifically at issue

perceived by the human eye, which is different

men/watt—is expressed by lighting scientists as

is that fact that not everyone understands what

from light captured by photodetector devices.

efficacy.

constitutes quality lighting or how to quantify it.

Physical lighting quantities we experience are

Radiant power is relative to what we perceive,

The question becomes, how to close this gap?

preceptor characteristics of the human eye

i.e., luminous flux, by weighting or weighing—or

A∑ATOµ¬ OF A∑ L§D

Radiation cones Curved lamp surface LED chip Radiation cones

LED array

Because neighboring points on an LED chip produce light cones in the same direction—and there is no curvature— the result is a highly concentrated light within small angular ranges.

Light rays Curved light source

LIGHT CONE SPATIAL OVERLAP

RETROFITS ARE NOT AS EFFICIENT

Neighboring points on an LED chip produce light cones in

A realistic scenario of light rays emanated from an LED ar-

the same direction. Very high luminance levels are pro-

ray inside an Edison-type lamp housing is shown here. Not

duced because the neighboring light cones have large spa-

many of the light rays from the LEDs will hut the curved

tial overlap, resulting in highly concentrated light within

surface properly, resulting in a far less multidirectional and

small angular ranges. Neighboring points on a curved-

uniform radiation as is typical from an incandescent lamp.

surface light source produce very little spatial overlap.

34 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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In her new book, Understanding LED Illumination, Dr. M. Nisa Khan brings a new perspective to this important assessing—the radiant power with the human

gies that are similar to modern electronics. But

aspect of today’s solid state lighting

eye sensitivity function at each wavelength in

LEDs are also a different kind of light source—

industry. She explains, using her back-

the visible spectrum and then summing them.

they emit light directionally, often producing a

ground in physics and mathematics,

Environmental conditions and subjective

strong amount of glare.

how design and measurement work

parameters also affect what we see, but at the

The ultimate objective is to create quality

hand-in-hand to make LED lamps with

present time, these two descriptions form the

lighting with the right intensity and color in

light distribution as well as color qual-

best assessment we now have to address the

three-dimensional space, just like the sun does

ity on par with the incandescent bulb.

quantification of lighting.

in nature automatically. But to accomplish this

The optical and thermal design and

with LED lighting, it will inevitably require hard

simulation results, she believes, are

Better Quality Metrics Needed

science and engineering.

very encouraging.

Although traditional lighting metrics involving

Right now, many LED industry professionals

Khan’s book explains why current

luminous flux and color parameters are custom-

describe lighting quality or figure of merit by

LED chips are flat and small and why

arily applied to LED lighting, additional quanti-

only one index—namely, luminous efficacy, and

they produce glare. She further ex-

ties are needed to describe LED lighting quality.

sometimes by color properties. However, lumen

plains how LED luminaire efficacy and

Why? LED lighting is a new technology. It uses

distribution and appropriate brightness levels

lifetime can be improved greatly with

intricate and complex optoelectronic technolo-

are also imperative to lighting quality, safety

proper electrical, optical, and thermal designs using appropriate manufacturing technologies. She demonstrates that a thorough evaluation of lighting metrics including measuring the luminance parameter is essential to developing high-quality, reliable, and long-lasting LED replacement lamps.

Finally, she introduces a novel secondary optics design that incorporates integrated tapered waveguides to

LED assembly

Domed lens

eliminate glare and to generate uniform and broad light distribution from LED lamps that does not compromise

Heat sink

the thermal design configurations

Resin encapsulation

necessary for long lifetimes.

Heat sink

About the Author Dr. M. Nisa Khan is president of IEM LED Lighting Technologies, based in

LED chip

Red Bank, N.J. She has a bachelor’s degree in physics and mathematics, and master’s and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering. As a consultant

A DIRECTIONAL SOURCE

REMOVING HEAT

to the solid-state lighting industry, she

Schematic cross-section of a basic high-power LED module

Schematic cross-section of an LED luminaire subsystem

applies her experience in optoelec-

or engine that can be soldered onto a PCB or placed in a

showing the LED chip inside the module, and many of the

tronics combined with lighting into

luminaire housing. Most LED chips are flat, and a result,

other surrounding elements. The hottest point here is

innovations to improve light distribu-

produce very directional light and can create glare.

the LED junction in the chip from which the heat must be

tion from solid state sources using

removed via conduction along the direction shown by the

cost-effective production techniques.

graded arrow.

www.architecturalssl.com

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 35

SpecialReport LED iSSUES

Addressing Glare and Color Balance and achieving higher energy efficiency at the

minimum required illuminance level throughout

unless created to provide isotropic illumina-

end-to-end system level. Because current LEDs

a large plane at some far distance from the light

tion, will likely create more glare incidence than

are small, discrete, flat, bright and mechani-

source. This solution is a poor one because it

incandescent and fluorescent lamps.

cally durable, they are well-suited for signage,

increases luminance from individual LED chips

Why do LEDs produce high glare while incan-

display, and any directional lighting that requires

beyond a certain level that is unhealthy and un-

descent and other traditional lamps do not?

proximity illumination. However, these same

comfortable for our eyes. Further, this approach

Individual LED chips or modules without any

characteristics make LEDs less desirable for

of simultaneously increasing the luminance and

diffusive optical elements in front produce a

high-quality, large-space, broad directional il-

illuminance properties of lamps and illumination

tremendous amount of glare. This is because a

lumination applications. Individual LED lamps or

beyond their maximum desirable levels produces

high-quality LED chip has a high concentration

modules are rather small and very bright, and as

glare, wastes energy, and shortens the life span

of light-producing elements known as radiative

efficacy improves, they will only get brighter at

of the LEDs.

electron-hole pairs that all produce light in the

the unit level.

same direction because the chip is structurally

The current industry method of tiling very

The Big Issues: Glare and Color Balance

flat and thin. In contrast, all other traditional

bright, single-unit LED modules to create large

Glare is unwanted or excessive reflection that

lamps have curved surfaces that allow them to

lamp surfaces is not effective because appre-

adversely impacts our vision. When a point light

radiate in different directions, and thus reduce

ciable gaps inevitably exist between individual

source radiates isotropically and produces il-

the luminance property otherwise known as

lamp modules. Lamps with these undesirable

luminance that does not exceed the human eye

inherent brightness.

gaps or dark spots create illumination that lacks

comfort level, it usually does not produce glare

Color balance is another issue that must be

uniformity and broad angular light distribution,

unless a portion of its light is incident on a highly

addressed. If the source luminance or brightness

resulting in uneven illuminance on planes of

reflective surface at certain angles and starts to

changes appreciably, individual colors of the

interest in many applications.

concentrate light in particular directions that

source spectrum need adjustment or “balancing,”

Such a method is an attempt to achieve a

reach the eye. LED lamps with high luminance,

relative to one another for best illumination or

TASK LAµPS: CFL Vs. L§D

LED-S4 (Lamp Height = 17.5-in.)

51.40 45.63 39.85 34.08 28.30 22.53 16.75 10.98

50 40 30 20 10 -8

XP

-4

0

osit

ion

4

(in. )

8

-14

-12

-8 -10

) in.

n(

itio

os

YP

-6

Illuminance on XY Plane (ft.-c)

Illuminance on XY Plane (ft.-c)

CFL-S4 (Lamp Height = 17-in.)

106.5 95.06 83.63 72.19 60.75 49.31 37.88 26.44

50 40 30 20 10 -8

XP

-4

0

osit

ion

4

(in. )

8

-14

-12

-8 -10

-6

n itio

Currently, LEDs are small, discrete, flat, bright and mechanically durable, making them well suited for any kind of directional lighting that requires proximity illumination.

.)

(in

os

YP

BROADER AND BRIGHTER The illuminance measurement data taken on a desk-top surface for task lamps CFL-S4 and LED-S4 at lamp heights of 17-in. and 17.5-in. respectively. CFL-S4 provides less than half the foot-candles at the same locations on the desk service compared to what LED-S4 provides. CFL-S4 illumination also covers a smaller region on the desk surface.

36 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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SpecialReport

display characteristics. For electronic display

several individual LED modules. This is at the

applications, an algorithm called “gamma correc-

heart of what is known as “Smart Lighting."

tion” is used to achieve color balance.

Because LED lamps have high luminance or

Next Steps

inherent brightness compared to traditional

The solid state lighting industry has made

lamps, and because LED lamps typically lack a

remarkable progress in the last few years,

full-color spectrum, it is important to achieve

primarily in terms of improving lamp efficacy

color balance using proper lamp design or elec-

and color quality to rival, and even outperform,

tronic tuning when applicable.

fluorescent technologies in several applications.

The color spectrum of an LED can be adjusted

That's the good news; the bad news is that other

by combining different color individual LEDs

aspects require greater innovation to enhance

and various phosphors. In addition, because

scalability and light distribution properties.

LEDs are semiconductor optoelectronic devices,

For example, replacement LED luminaires

their dominant wavelength of emission can be

and lamps must use secondary optics methods

electronically tuned to produce various color

that can distribute and scale light in a fashion

balance at various luminous intensity levels for

that is desirable for large-space illumination as

the single, aggregate lamp that may consist of

produced by many incumbent lamps. •

Because LED lamps typically lack a full color spectrum, it is important to achieve color balance using proper lamp design or electronic tuning.

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Circle 11

By Kevin Dahlen, director, design and development Nate Heiking, advanced lighting product manager Kenall Lighting

LED: Don’t Forget Thermal Management When it comes to manufacturer’s claims of long LED lifetimes, make sure they’re backed up by good thermal management.

LED luminaires bring new predicaments for product designers to now

without any thermal design, but again, claim seemingly impossible TM-

solve that were not prevalent with legacy lighting technologies. One of

21 life projections. Often, these products are half the weight of other

the most important issues is thermal management. LED lamp sources

well-designed (passively-cooled) products that have spent significant

offer great advantages, but one cannot forget that lamp heat is still

resources on thermal design and management.

generated and must be dissipated. Thermal management was a con-

But, in physics, you never get something for nothing. So how are

sideration in the past with every lamp source and must still be a major

these products capable of ignoring basic thermal management prin-

consideration in product development, today and into the future.

ciples, while the core manufacturers understand quite the opposite?

Unfortunately, the problem comes from two main issues: 1) Product

Understanding Heat Transfer

certification testing is only completed at 25°C (77°F), and 2) TM-21 data

At this point in the development of LED luminaires, most people famil-

is ultimately unreliable. If a luminaire is only tested within a 25°C envi-

iar with the lighting industry understand that LED lamps conduct heat.

ronment, what happens to the LEDs if the fixture is exposed to greater

However, conduction is not a means of dissipating heat—at some point

temperatures for any extended period of time?

the heat must be converted into convection, with air as the essential medium. Incandescent and HID sources use radiation instead of conduction. Radiation, unlike convection, does not heat the air between the source and an object. The sun is our greatest radiator of heat, and thusly the easiest system to comprehend. When standing outside on a cool spring day with the sun out, you feel very warm even though the air temperature is a cool 50°F. But as soon as you walk into the shade the temperature drops dramatically. What happened? The sun was

If a luminaire is only tested within a 25°C environment, what happens to the LEDs if the fixture is exposed to greater temperatures? What is the likelihood that a high bay, for example, capable of 40,000 lumens will be exposed to greater temperatures for long periods of time?

heating you directly without heating the air around you. The air on the earth becomes warm only from indirect heating of the Earth’s surface.

The same principle applies with HID and incandescent lamp sources.

Radiative heat can be reflected just like visible light, so when designing

Not Enough Time

a high power HID source one can “push” the heat out of the fixture with

Clearly the answer is inevitable. TM-21 states that lifetimes can only

appropriately designed reflectors and the heat is seemingly avoided.

be predicted at six times the duration of LM-80 testing. The problem

However, in physics nothing is truly avoided, just transferred.

is that some LED manufacturers typically halt LM-80 testing after

Theatrical and retail lighting specifiers understand where this

6,000 hours because they have newer generations to evaluate. The

transfer occurs in legacy sources: the occupant! In theatrical lighting

industry has an innovation dilemma: product lifecycle is diminishing,

this means the actors sometimes are forced to bear excruciatingly high

but product lifespan is expected to increase. From experience, ten- or

temperatures during performances because not only are their sources

twelve-thousand hours is simply not enough time to accurately predict

radiated, but they require very high levels of light as well. Luminaires

LED lifetimes. How can manufacturers make these spectacular claims

that never required heat sinks now need them because the luminaire is

of 200,000 hours or more when the uncertainty is so great?

now bearing the brunt of the heat that is created.

The reality is that LEDs do not eliminate good engineering and design practices. In fact, in many ways, it requires a much higher level of

Some Manufacturers Ignore Thermal Management

engineering. Mid-power LEDs do not alter the need for a thermal sys-

In observing the market, many luminaire manufacturers seemingly al-

tem. Power density (input power vs. luminaire size) does not remove

most completely ignore thermal management. One cannot simply “jam”

the need for thermal dissipation. Remember, “power consumed” is a

LEDs into a product without heat sinks and expect good thermal re-

synonym for “heat to dissipate.” Potentially erroneous TM-21 claims,

sults. Boisterous L70 claims or maximum ambient temperature ratings

coupled with the fact that lamp lifetime expectations are greater than

would seem to indicate that the LED junction temperatures of these

ever before, means that a luminaire’s thermal design methodology

heatsink-less products are very well managed. Some LED high-bay

must be thoroughly understood during design and specification of

manufacturers are designing products with as much as 40,000 lumens

lighting projects.•

38 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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By Kevin Willmorth, editor

Choosing an Appropriate Light Meter Knowing the testing that must be accomplished is key to determining the right light meter.

For anyone involved in lighting decision making, installation or prod-

Measurement of color requires different metering systems and comes

uct evaluation, a light meter is an essential tool. However, choosing

at a higher price. Measurement of color also requires care in taking

a light meter to suit a specific need can be confusing. The number of

measurements, as field measurement of color often includes light from

products now available, and the generally high state of reliability and

surrounding sources, daylight, etc., which must be taken into consid-

accuracy of even the lowest cost units, creates an overwhelming range

eration. There is a growing number of choices in meters today. The

of options from which to choose.

following is just a sampling of what’s offered for professional results.

The first step in finding the right meter is to establish what type of testing the user will be doing. There is no reason to invest in a high-

AsenseTek / Allied Scientific Pro for iPhone

end, full spectrometer with CCT/CRI readings, hold and recording

This add-on device connects to an iPhone, iPod Touch or iPad with

features, if the intent is to simply verify project light levels, daylight

the head connected or detached for remote reading without cables.

contribution, or ambient light in a parking lot. Conversely, calculating

This can deliver CCT, CRI, Illuminance, and spectral power distribution

color characteristics can be a daunting task if a budget meter does not

graphics as well as data collection, computer interface and storage.

provide the desired output data.

This is an example of affordable spectrometers emerging today for

The following is a sampling of popular meters available now with

both iOS and Android platforms. Note, while there are apps available

proven track records and commendable performance for lighting pro-

that use built-in camera input, variations in phones, camera sensors,

fessionals working on tight budgets.

and light response makes them unreliable for professional use.

Amprobe LM200LED

Mightex CCD Spectrometer

This little, low-cost gem is a perfect handheld foot-candle-only device

For those who want to dig deep into the color characteristics of light

to have around, even if there are other meters in the tool box. The

sources at an affordable price, either on-site or in a lab, this small fiber-

meter is accurate for measuring any light source, including LEDs; is

optic fed device is simple to use and delivers data available only from

lightweight; and includes a remote light receptor head. The advantage

devices costing many times more. Does not include illuminance data.

of the head being separate of the meter allows testing at any angle, and to avoid the tester’s presence from interfering with results.

Minolta CL-500A The current state of Minolta’s color metering line for lighting profes-

Cooke cal-LIGHT 400

sionals. An update to the very popular CL-200A, this meter delivers

This mid-range meter has an angled integrated sensor, and is avail-

both color performance and characteristics as well as illuminance,

able with NIST calibration certificate. For those who need this level of

making it a do-all light meter for color and white light measurement.

certification (i.e. legal witness testing), this meter is one of the lowest cost units around with this option.

If the Data Fits While these examples do not cover the myriad of choices available,

Minolta T-10A and T-10MA

they do represent the essentials. Using the specifications from these

This meter is considered by many to be the gold standard for basic

meters as a baseline provides a good starting point for considering

white light measurement meters. The T-10A includes a sensor head

other choices. Keep in mind that evaluating the output of any meter

that can be detached for remote use with an extension cable, or at-

requires understanding the data presented. There is nothing to be

tached for direct reading. The T-10MA includes a remote head with

gained from purchasing an expensive instrument that delivers super-

cable attachment. Both can be NIST certified, networked into grids to

fluous data points when a lower-cost product with limited output, or a

measure multiple points simultaneously, and connected to a computer

higher cost product with more sophisticated graphic presentation, can

for data acquisition and evaluation.

produce greater fidelity in understanding results.•

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2014

REGISTERED EDUCATION PROVIDER

September 24 & 25

The trade show and conference designed specifically for lighting specifiers in the Southwest and Central U.S.

Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center Dallas, TX

WHY YOU SHOULD ATTEND FREE admission for qualified attendees.* A powerful lineup of 30 FREE seminars designed for lighting professionals — all with CEUs!

A world-class exhibit area to speak face-to-face 100+ suppliers of architectural, commercial and decorative lighting products — the industry’s latest products all in one place.

FREE cocktail reception and other peer-to-peer networking opportunities. * Non-exhibiting suppliers/manufacturers will be charged a $250 fee during online registration/$300 at the door.

VISIT LIGHTSHOWSOUTHWEST.COM FOR SHOW DETAILS AND FREE REGISTRATION!*

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Product Introductions

Where’s the Power?

The Lumenpulse Lumencove Nano cove luminaire operates without an onboard power supply, thanks to patent-pending application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technology that is able to drive the fixture’s LEDs directly. This advance means fixtures can be smaller and run more efficiently, thanks to avoided AC-to-DC conversion losses, and enables efficacy of up to 100 lumens/watt. The dimmable Nano is available in 1- and 4-ft. lengths.  Visit www.lumenpulse.com or Circle 291.

The Lumencove Nano cove luminaire features an onboard power supply and application-specific integrated circuit technology.

1 Let it Rain The Solid State Luminaires eCoveline XL Wet features a sealed aluminum housing and IP68 connectors, so it can stand up to a range of harsh interior and exterior environmental conditions. Available in 1-, 4- and 6-ft. lengths and three color temperatures.  Visit www.solidstateluminaires.com or Circle 292.

2 That Certain Glow The new Nora Lighting Comfort Dim color tuning feature adjusts a fixture’s color temperature from a bright 2700K to a soft 1800K on a gradual, even curve to create a candle-like glow at lower ranges.

The option, now available with Marquise and Sapphire series LED downlights, is available in four lumen levels for both lower and high ceilings.  Visit www.noralighting.com or Circle 293.

3 3D Without the Glasses Two new high-design fixtures were created especially for the color-tunable Hue LED lamp using 3D printing technology. The pendant lamp, shown here, incorporates more than 3,000 3D-printed “sticks” that surround a Hue light source.  Visit www.philips.com or Circle 294.

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Product Introductions

Wait Until Dusk After almost two years of development, the Dusk collection, including the Dusk Orbit (shown here), has been unveiled by Beau McClellan Lighting. The fixtures, which include a range of chandelier and pendant designs, are fabricated from cast copper and paired with hand-ground crystal.  Visit www.bybeau.com or Circle 295.

Dusk Orbit fixtures include a range of chandelier and pendant designs fabricated from cast copper and paired with hand-ground crystal.

4 Adjustable-Output Flood Fixture The Xicato XTM LED modules provide 100+ lumens per watt, with color consistency maintained within 1×2 MacAdam Ellipses. The modules are Zhaga compliant, making them drop-in replacements for many other products.  Visit www.xicato.com or Circle 296.

5 Rev it Up REV Series downlights from Meteor deliver up to 12,500 lumens at 145 watts, with a clean-lined look just right for high-ceiling applications (18 ft. up to 100 ft.). Even more important for theatrical applications, the fixtures feature advanced technology to solve flickering issues during video recording.  Visit www.meteor-lighting.com or Circle 297.

6 Dimming Options Aculux 3.25-in. luminaires now are available from Juno Lighting with two different illumination-adjustment modes: black-body dimming, which warms fixture color temperature from 3000K to 1800K during dimming; and tunable white mode, which lets users adjust color temperature from 2000K up to 4350K.  Visit www.junolightinggroup.com or Circle 298.

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Product Introductions

Line ‘Em Up Whether suspended or surface-mounted, the Sequence luminaire from Zumbtobel lines up either eight or 14 modules of centrally arranged LEDs and covers them with lenses that optimize task lighting while minimizing glare. Ambient-lighting modules are lined up on either side of the central tasklighting modules. These highly addressable fixtures can be specified with color temperatures of 3000K and 4000K.  Visit www.zumbtobel.com or Circle 299.

The Sequence luminaire lines up either eight or 14 LED modules featuring lenses that optimize task lighting while minimizing glare.

1 Lighting the Great Outdoors The Iluma Hardscape Retrofit Lighting System from i-lighting is designed for easy installation in preexisting hardscape applications. The low-voltage lighting strips are available in standard lengths, from 2- to 5-ft., with varying lamp spacing.  Visit www.i-lightingonline.com or Circle 300.

2 High Style and Efficiency The clean lines of the new MaxLite Micro-T panel luminaire are enhanced by MicroCell louvers enclosing single or multiple strips of LEDs. This design also aids fixture efficacy, with all models exceeding 90 lumens per watt. The fixtures are damp-listed and available in three size configurations.  Visit www.maxlite.com or Circle 301.

3 Modular Options Zenaro Lighting’s Vario luminaires are available in four models, for applications ranging from highbay warehouses to parking lots and area-lighting applications. The fixtures feature modular designs and are available in three color temperatures, with optional 0–10V dimming.  Visit www.zenarolighting.com or Circle 302.

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Product Introductions

Direct/Indirect With 75% indirect/25% direct light distribution, Focal Point’s Twelve luminaire provides balanced, diffuse illumination similar to its fluorescent predecessor, but with substantial energy savings: efficacy reaches up to 108 lumens per watt.

Specifiers can choose from five standard output levels and three color temperatures, and either acrylic or MicroGlow diffusers.  Visit www.focalpointlights.com or Circle 303.

Focal Point’s Twelve luminaire provides balanced, diffuse illumination that offers substantial energy savings.

4 Is There an Echo in Here?

The ETC Echo line of lighting controls is designed to meet the needs of commercial building tenants, offering distributed control with an intuitive twist—no software is involved. Included is a range of occupancy and photo sensors for automatic control.  Visit www.etcconnect.com or Circle 304.

5 High-Lumen Producer Fixture/lamp designers working with high-ceiling applications have a new light-source option with the introduction of the 8000 lumen Cree LMH2 LED module. The module is intended to replace 150-watt ceramic metal halide lamps.  Visit www.cree.com or Circle 305.

6 Aisle Take It The wide beam spread of the LaMar Lighting HBL 1 high-bay fixture makes it especially useful for aislelighting applications, where it can directly replace 250- and 400-watt metal-halide units. The luminaires can be ordered in 2- and 4-ft. models; options include motion sensors, white optics reflectors and either clear or frosted polycarbonate diffusers.  Visit www.lamarlighting.com or Circle 306.

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3G LIGHTING

www.3glighting.com

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AMERLUX

www.amerlux.com

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B-K LIGHTING

www.bklighting.com

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COLUMBIA LIGHTING

www.columbialighting.com

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GREENBUILD

www.greenbuildexpo.com

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INTENSE LIGHTING

www.intenselighting.com

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IBC

IOTA ENGINEERING

www.iotaengineering.com

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KIM LIGHTING / HUBBELL

www.kimlighting.com

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LIGHTSHOW SOUTHWEST

www.lightshowsouthwest.com

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NORA LIGHTING

www.noralighting.com

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STERNBERG VINTAGE LIGHTING

www.sternberglighting.com

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THE CONTINUING ARCHITECT

www.thecontinuingarchitect.com

VISA LIGHTING

www.visalighting.com

VISIONAIRE LIGHTING

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www.visionairelighting.com

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VISTA ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING

www.vistapro.com

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WAC LIGHTING

www.waclighting.com

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ZEGA LED

www.zegaled.com

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Endless Stair London, England

NEXT ISSUE: In the next issue, in Topics at the Front, Vilma Barr shifts her focus to the outdoors with some great applications of illuminating exteriors, including the Endless Stair sculpture in London (above), as well as some of the work of artist Claudia Costa. In the Market Setting Feature Kevin Willmorth says it’s time to challenge generic assumptions of cost-benefits of LEDs. Elsewhere, he’ll also explore the changing face of products; and we continue the discussion of LED and blue light. We’ll also take a look at some German-style healthcare lighting, and a look at the re-lighting of Tavern on the Green.

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THE MOST INTERESTING AIA APPROVED COURSES ON THE WEB. THECONTINUINGARCHITECT.

Better Content Better Learning

TheContinuingArchitect.com 9777 TCA Ad_Zurn.indd 1

12/13/13 5:31 PM

SSLObserved:

By Kevin Willmorth

The Death of Innovation by a Thousand Retrofit Shortcuts a payback analysis, it robs from the potential

ing systems are good enough and that the only

of future refitting and fixture replacements.

liability we face is energy use, which is far from

Why? Simple math. If a current state-of-the-art

the truth.

LED retrofit delivers 70% energy saving, each

I propose the real issue facing true solid-state

$100 spent in energy today will cost only $30.

transformation is not short term energy saving

This raises two issues: 1.) There is no time in

gains, it is breaking the back of a design vocabu-

the future that we will experience this level of

lary that is as stale as the lamps themselves.

reduction again—you can’t save that $70 twice

How can we possibly advance the state of the art

Lightfair was a bit of a mixed bag this year. While

if the energy cost remains $30—and 2.) Once the

if we are continually weighed with the anchor

there were a few interesting new things to gawk

savings are realized—say, by replacing a 20 lm/W

of gas lantern aesthetics, 2 × 4 troffer boxes,

at, the overwhelming mass of products were

source with a 60 lm/W device—future retrofit-

6-in. can down-lights, and glass-bulb shapes? If

of familiar forms—from retrofit lamps to LED

ting will be evaluated on a scale of declining

we are forced to qualify every advancement of

products that looked exactly like the fluorescent

potential. In the instance of the $30 end result,

control and performance by what can be done

products we already have. I noticed a similar

new retrofits saving another 50% (60lm/W to

using junk Triac dimmers, what will plug into an

trend at Frankfurt this year. Fewer new things of

120lm/W) result is an energy cost of just $15,

existing socket, and what will fit inside whatever

shock and awe, far greater numbers of old ideas

leaving even less available to justify any further

has already been done before, then what will

powered by the hottest lighting technologies —

replacements. Eventually, the math will not

be left for redressing the real issues of quality,

generating reactions of blah and yawn.

support even the cost of a newer generation of

human-focused lighting techniques, new design

As everyone who has read my ramblings over

retrofit, so the whole system hits a wall.

approaches in application, product, and expecta-

the years knows, I am not a big retrofit lamp

With energy cost too low to rationalize fur-

tions for lighting systems?

fan. I don’t just bother readers here about this;

ther advancement of any type, the very idea of

What room is left to innovators, when cheap

over the years, I’ve also commented during my

replacing entire fixtures to gain a now modest

short cuts literally block their efforts to change

presentations that banning the incandescent

improvement is taken off the table before it is

the face of lighting to achieve a better future

lamp and its derivatives is not the right course,

even available, as the value equation has been

result? Would this not be the ideal time to create

we should be banning the sockets themselves.

destroyed. Because of this, the time to apply

customer demand for something new, instead

Take a look at the state of the residential

the more expensive replacement is early in the

of making customers happier with the junk they

lighting market today. Virtually nothing has

process, when the savings and reductions are

already have?•

changed. Why? Because the sockets used remain

greatest. Cheap retrofit strategies may look like

viable as long as there are lamps to screw into

the golden ticket, but in fact doom many build-

them. This has given hundreds of producers a

ings to a future of continued retrofits leading to

free pass to enter the 21st century without any

a retro death spiral.

effort or need to create anything new beyond the

Why does this matter? Some argue that once

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

19th century.

the energy has been saved, it makes no differ-

Kevin Willmorth, a lighting expert and fixture designer,

Allow me to advance this argument further

ence—take the cheapest short cut and get the

has been instrumental in helping create a vision and

still. Any time a retrofit lamp is rationalized by

benefits now. But this assumes our existing light-

mission statement for Architectural SSL.

What room is left to innovators, when cheap short cuts literally block their efforts to change the face of lighting to achieve a better future result?

48 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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TYPE

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SETTING HIGH STANDARDS Introducing GRAVITY™, a new family of high-power LED downlights and adjustables designed for high ceiling applications. Delivering up to 7500 lumens, GRAVITY™ is ideal for ceiling heights up-to 100 feet plus. GRAVITY™ features field changeable optics, adjustable or downlight configurations, multiple dimming and control options, and a 10-Year Warranty.

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http://www.kimlighting.com/ltv8/ The Bluetooth word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Kim Lighting is under license.

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