Ground Support Worldwide – July/August 2026

JU LY/AUG UST 20 26

Beyond On-Time Delivery Today’s cargo operators are measuring success through visibility, forecasting, connected assets and real-time data

REGIONAL REPORT: AFRICA

Aviation Growth Meets Ground Level Challenges PAGE 16

Why Ground Handling Training Must Move Beyond Compliance PAGE 32

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W W W. D A V I D C L A R K . C O M

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Contents

, COVER STORY

10 Beyond On-Time

Delivery

Today’s cargo operators are measuring success through visibility, forecasting, connected assets and real-time data FEATURES

10

16 Africa’s Aviation Growth

Meets Ground-Level Challenges Passenger and cargo demand are surging, but aging equipment and uneven infrastructure continue to challenge Africa’s ground operations

22 Modern Equipment

Needs Modern Skills

16

As ground handlers adopt new technology, success increasingly depends on workforce readiness

26 Innovation Takes Center Stage at GSE Expo Europe 2026

See a sampling of what exhibitors will have on display in Lisbon, Portugal, Sept. 15-17.

32 Robert Boroch on Why Ground Handling

22

26

Training Must Move Beyond Compliance General manager of ETC-PZL Aerospace discusses the limitations of traditional classroom instruction and the benefits of immersive simulation.

DEPARTMENTS 04 Editor’s Note 06 Business Buzz

32

COVER IMAGE BY IAG CARGO AND SWISSPORT

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Editor’s Note

Technology is not the goal. It’s the tool.

Innovation delivers value only when organizations are ready to put new ideas into practice

E

very issue of Ground Support Worldwide seems to reveal another new technology promising to transform airport operations... artificial intelligence, digital platforms, connected equipment, advanced analytics, automation. The list continues to grow.

It’s easy to look at that steady stream of innovation and conclude that our industry is changing faster than ever. In some ways, that’s true. But as I looked through the articles in this issue, another thought kept coming back to me: technology itself isn’t the story, readiness is.

JENNY LESCOHIER Across our cover feature on cargo operations, our Editor In Chief spotlight interview on workforce training, Mario Pierobon’s jlescohier@endeavorb2b.com reporting on workforce development and the evolving African ground handling market, and even our preview of GSE Expo Europe, one theme appears again and again. Success isn’t determined simply by adopting the latest tool, but more so by an organization’s willingness to adapt the way it works.

Cargo operators are increasingly relying on better data to improve visibility and decision-making. Training programs are evolving to prepare employees for more sophisticated equipment and more demanding operational environments.

Ground handlers are searching for ways to help employees work more safely and efficiently while managing persistent labor challenges. Equipment manufacturers continue introducing products that promise greater productivity, sustainability and operational insight.

All of these developments, while potentially valuable at face value, create real impact only when people are prepared to use them effectively.

That’s something our industry has always understood. Aviation is built on practical decision-making. New ideas aren’t embraced because they’re new, they earn their place because they improve safety, reliability, efficiency or service. Technology has never been the destination. It’s simply another tool to help operators deliver better results.

As you’ll see throughout this issue, innovation continues to reshape nearly every corner of ground operations. But perhaps the more important story is how organizations are preparing themselves – and their people – to take advantage of those changes.

The pace of innovation isn’t likely to slow anytime soon. The companies that thrive won’t necessarily be those with the newest equipment or the biggest technology budgets. They’ll be the ones that remain curious, invest in their people and stay ready to adapt when the next meaningful opportunity arrives.

That’s a future worth preparing for.

Published by Endeavor Business Media, LLC 30 Burton Hills Blvd, Ste. 185, Nashville, TN 37215 800-547-7377 Vol. 34, No. 4 VP/MARKET LEADER – INFRASTRUCTURE & AVIATION GROUP Andrena Feaster 518-347-7490 afeaster@endeavorb2b.com EDITOR IN CHIEF Jenny Lescohier jlescohier@endeavorb2b.com

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Endeavor Business Media, LLC does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any person or company for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions in the material herein, regardless of whether such errors result from negligence, accident or any other cause whatsoever. The views and opinions in the articles herein are not to be taken as official expressions of the publishers, unless so stated. The publishers do not warrant, either expressly or by implication, the factual accuracy of the articles herein, nor do they so warrant any views or opinions offered by the authors of said articles.

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Business Buzz

TOP NEWS

UPCOMING EVENTS Aug. 30-Sept. 1, 2026

Air Cargo Middle East Expo

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Sept. 15-17, 2026

GSE Expo Europe

Lisbon, Portugal Sept. 29-Oct. 1, 2026

GSE&RAMP-OPS Global

Athens, Greece Oct. 20-22, 2026

NBAA-BACE

Las Vegas, NV Dec. 1-3, 2026 DNATA

AAPA LATAM

Guatemala City, Guatemala

dnata Converts 300 Airport Jobs in Italy to Permanent Positions “Italy is a major part of dnata’s global airport operations, and our people are at the heart of our success,” said Alberto Morosi, CEO of dnata Italy. “By converting 300 roles into permanent positions, we are giving more of our colleagues greater stability while strengthening the teams that support our airline customers across Rome and Milan.”

Morosi said the move reflects dnata’s confidence in the Italian market following the integration of its Italian ground handling business under the dnata brand.

At Rome Fiumicino, where dnata secured a seven-year ground handling license in early 2025, the company now employs more than 2,500 people, serves 25 airline customers and has deployed approximately 700 ground support equipment units since launching operations.

In Milan, dnata continues work on a €25 million cargo facility at Malpensa Airport. Scheduled to open at the end of 2027, the facility is expected to handle more than 100,000

ACI-NA Airport Safety, Security & Operations Conference

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Australian International Airshow

Avalon, Australia March 9-11, 2027

IATA World Cargo Symposium

Calgary, Alberta May 4-6, 2027

IATA Ground Handling Conference (IGHC)

Madrid, Spain tonnes of cargo annually and create approximately 200 additional jobs.

The permanent employment initiative follows agreements with Italian trade unions aimed at supporting workforce development, employee welfare and work-life balance. According to dnata, the move is part of its broader strategy to strengthen operational capability and invest in the workforce supporting its global airport operations.

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TEXTRON GSE

dnata is expanding its long-term workforce in Italy by converting 300 airport operations roles into permanent positions across Rome and Milan.

The move, which takes effect this month, includes 150 employees at Rome Fiumicino Airport (FCO) and another 150 across Milan Malpensa (MXP) and Milan Linate (LIN). According to the company, the initiative is part of a long-term workforce strategy designed to strengthen employment stability, support skills development and enhance operational resilience across its Italian network.

The announcement comes as dnata continues to expand one of its largest airport services operations in Europe. Across its three Italian stations, the company employs approximately 5,000 people, serving more than 60 airline customers and supporting more than 150,000 flights, 46 million passengers and nearly 18 million bags annually.

Dec. 2-4, 2026

IAG Invests in Exosuit Developer to Reduce Strain on Baggage Handlers International Airlines Group (IAG) is investing in wearable robotics company Verve Motion as part of a partnership to evaluate exosuit technology designed to reduce physical strain on baggage handlers and IAG cargo workers.

The investment, made through IAGi Ventures, supports Verve Motion’s development of lightweight wearable exosuits that assist workers performing repetitive lifting tasks.

Founded in 2020 by Spanish entrepreneur Ignacio Galiana and based on research originating at Harvard University, Verve Motion develops wearable support systems intended to reduce fatigue and lower the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in physically demanding jobs. As part of the partnership, IAG will collaborate with Verve Motion to test a shoulder-support exosuit designed specifically for aviation ground operations. Initial trials will focus on baggage handlers, with the goal of determining whether the technology can improve worker comfort, reduce repetitive lifting strain and support more efficient baggage and cargo handling.

Textron GSE Unveils Next-Generation TUG MX4 Electric Baggage Tractor

TEXTRON GSE

Textron GSE has introduced the TUG MX4, a nextgeneration lithium-electric baggage tractor designed to improve ramp efficiency, reduce maintenance requirements, and support future technology integration.

The tractor features simplified operator controls, a tight turning radius, electronically assisted service brakes, an electronic parking brake, and inching controls for precise lowspeed maneuvering at aircraft gates.

The TUG MX4 uses a unibody steel frame with reinforced body plating and a heavy-duty bumper designed to withstand daily wear and tear.

Powering the vehicle is an 80-volt lithium-ion direct-drive system that builds on TUG’s experience with eight generations of 80-volt electric tractors. The system eliminates traditional hydraulic components, reducing maintenance while improving energy efficiency, reliability, and serviceability. The simplified architecture is also intended to support future electronic systems and autonomous capabilities.

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Business Buzz

Menzies Aviation, FlyORO Partner to Expand SAF Infrastructure Across Europe

WORLDWIDE FLIGHT SERVICES

Swissport Expands Moroccan Footprint With Swiftair Maroc Cargo Acquisition Swissport International has signed a binding agreement to acquire Swiftair Maroc, marking the company’s entry into Morocco’s air cargo handling market and expanding its presence in one of North Africa’s fastest-growing logistics hubs.

The Casablanca-based cargo handler operates a 3,700-square-meter airside warehouse at Mohammed V International Airport, which handles roughly 95% of Morocco’s air freight volumes. The facility includes temperature-controlled infrastructure designed for pharmaceutical shipments and perishables.

“Morocco is a dynamic and fast-growing market with increasing importance in global trade flows,” said Warwick Brady, president and CEO of Swissport International. He said the acquisition supports Swissport’s strategy to expand its global cargo business while strengthening its ability to serve customers moving goods between Europe, Africa and the Americas.

Casablanca’s Mohammed V International Airport serves as the country’s primary air freight gateway, supporting both export activity and time-sensitive imports.

Through Swissport Maroc, the company already provides ground handling services at 16 airports, operates FBO facilities in Casablanca, Marrakesh and Tangier, and manages 10 airport lounges across nine locations under the Aspire brand.

Menzies Aviation has signed a memorandum of understanding with FlyORO Technologies to support the wider availability of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) by improving blending, storage and distribution infrastructure at airports across Europe.

The agreement will see Menzies leverage its fuel operations expertise and network of more than 16 European airports to support deployment of FlyORO’s AlphaLite blending system.

The modular technology is designed to simplify the blending, storage and delivery of SAF at or near airports, helping airlines gain greater access to sustainable fuel while meeting regulatory requirements.

The partnership aligns with Menzies’ broader sustainability strategy

and comes as demand for SAF accelerates under initiatives such as the European Union’s ReFuelEU Aviation regulation and the United Kingdom’s SAF mandate.

Under the memoMENZIES AVIATION randum, the companies will evaluate how AlphaLite can be integrated into existing airport fuel infrastructure while maintaining compliance with industry safety and operational standards.

“Our role is to keep aviation operations running safely and efficiently.

As SAF becomes more important, we want to support its growth by ensuring it is handled safely and in compliance with industry standards,” said Marco di Mario, executive vice president of fuels at Menzies Aviation.

WFS Expands Partnership with GEODIS Through Brussels Handling Contract Worldwide Flight Services (WFS), a SATS company, has secured a five-year contract with logistics provider GEODIS at Brussels Airport, further expanding its growing freight forwarder handling business across Europe.

SWISSPORT

Under the agreement, GEODIS has transferred its freight consolidation and deconsolidation activities in Brussels to WFS, which will provide a range of E-commerce & Freight Forwarder Handling (EFFH) services.

The contract builds on an existing relationship between the two companies, with WFS having provided import and export cargo handling services for GEODIS at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport since 2021.

WFS’ EFFH network now spans airports in Amsterdam, Brussels, Dublin, Frankfurt, Liège, Madrid and Stockholm, as well as 12 locations across France, including Paris CDG. Services include freight preparation for carriage, cargo weighing and measurement, crating, repacking, security screening, consolidation, shipment labeling and transportation between freight forwarders and handling agents. The offering also covers import deconsolidation, shipment sorting, customs clearance preparation and onward trucking services.

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Cargo Operations

IAG CARGO AND SWISSPORT

Today’s cargo operators are measuring success through visibility, forecasting, connected assets and real-time data

BY JENNY LESCOHIER

A

delayed freighter arrives at a cargo hub two hours behind schedule. Warehouse teams must adjust staffing, reprioritize shipments, coordinate with airline operations, reposition equipment and communicate changes throughout the supply chain, all before the next wave of inbound cargo arrives.

A decade ago, many of those decisions depended heavily on phone calls, spreadsheets and the experience of frontline supervisors.

Today, they increasingly depend on something less visible but just as important: data.

Across the air cargo industry, operators are transforming how they manage facilities, assets and

freight by connecting systems that once functioned independently.

Real-time shipment visibility, integrated operational platforms, mobile devices, connected Unit Load Devices (ULDs) and predictive analytics are changing how cargo facilities work and, increasingly, how performance is measured.

The result is a broader defi nition of operational success. Performance is no longer judged solely by how quickly freight moves through a facility or whether it reaches its fi nal destination on time. Cargo operators are also measuring how effectively they anticipate disruption, allocate resources, identify exceptions, share information and provide visibility throughout a shipment’s journey.

Performance means more than speed Cargo facilities have traditionally focused on familiar operational measures, including throughput, warehouse productivity, capacity utilization and on-time performance. Those metrics remain fundamental, but they no longer provide a complete picture.

Today’s cargo environment is more dynamic. E-commerce is changing shipment profi les. Geopolitical events are redirecting trade flows. Customers expect faster access to information. Regulatory requirements are becoming more data-intensive. At the same time, disruption remains a routine part of aviation operations.

“Network reliability and hub performance are central,” said Josh Lane,

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IAG CARGO AND SWISSPORT

Visibility becomes operational currency Cargo operations have always generated large amounts of information.

The difference today is that the information is increasingly available in real time and can be used to guide decisions throughout the day.

Lane pointed to IAG Cargo’s London Operations Control Center as an example of how greater visibility

supports disruption management. faster decisions and reduces the The center brings together operationrisk that commercial commitments al schedules, warehouse status and become disconnected from physical real-time performance information in capacity or warehouse conditions. a single view.

“Working in aviation, disruption Customers expect more than delivery is a constant, whether that’s aircraft changes, delays or cancellations,” The push for greater visibility is being Lane said. “That visibility allows us to driven not only by internal operationadjust resources, reprioritize freight al goals, but also by rising customer and coordinate closely with our airexpectations. line partners, helping to maintain the “Today, customers expect greater consistent handling standards our reliability, consistency and transparcustomers expect.” ency across global networks,” said Real-time information supports Jussi Lemola, Vice President of Global decisions ranging from staffing Operations – Cargo at Swissport. adjustments and equipment position“Understanding performance from ing to shipment prioritization and their perspective is therefore essential responses to schedule changes. to delivering the service they expect.”

“Without that data, those decisions become reactive rather than proactive,” Lane said.

Integrated systems are also changing how commercial and operational teams work together.

Historically, commercial teams sold available cargo capacity while operations teams managed the physical movement of freight, often with limited Swissport compares customer feedback visibility into one anothacross locations to identify problems. er’s activities.

“Today, integrated systems give both teams access to Swissport combines traditional operbooking trends, shipment status, ational KPIs with weekly Net Promoter capacity utilization and operational Score surveys across its global cargo constraints,” Lane said. “That shared network. The company uses the feedvisibility allows commercial teams back to compare customer perceptions to take proactive action as operationacross locations and identify problems al conditions change, helping supthat may not be visible through proport better outcomes for customers.” ductivity measurements alone.

When booking, warehouse and Safety and customer performance flight systems are connected, measures together provide what teams can work from the same Lemola described as a balanced view information rather than reconcilof operational excellence. ing separate records after condi“We don’t view this as a question tions change. of balancing one against the other,” That shared operational view he said of productivity metrics and improves data accuracy, supports newer customer-focused measures.

SWISSPORT

Director of London Operations at IAG Cargo. “We focus on forecast accuracy, capacity utilization and operational visibility to ensure freight flows efficiently through our facilities.”

Forecasting has become especially important as demand patterns become harder to predict.

“As demand patterns become more dynamic, forecast accuracy has become increasingly important,” Lane said. “It helps us plan more effectively, reducing congestion and keeping freight flowing efficiently through our facilities. Ultimately, better forecasting enables better operational decisions.”

Changing trade flows are also making historical patterns less dependable as a planning tool.

“Changes in trade flows are increasingly driven by factors including e-commerce growth, geopolitical developments and changing customer demand,” Lane said. “That means historical trends alone are no longer enough for operational planning.”

For cargo facilities, better forecasting can shape staffing, equipment positioning, warehouse space allocation and shipment prioritization.

Lane said first-time accuracy and reduced manual rework are also important because relatively small errors can produce downstream congestion and delay.

Taken together, those priorities reflect a shift from measuring what happened to understanding why it happened and what might happen next.

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Cargo Operations

“They measure different aspects of operational performance, and both are essential.”

Traditional indicators such as labor productivity and warehouse utilization show how efficiently resources are being deployed. Cargo iQ milestone compliance, shipment visibility and customer feedback provide additional insight into consistency, transparency and service reliability.

That combination reflects the industry’s changing definition of performance.

A shipment may arrive on time, but customers also want to know whether it moved predictably through the network, whether exceptions were communicated and whether handling standards remained consistent from station to station.

“Customers increasingly expect predictable handling, reliable uplift and clear communication, particularly for specialist and time-critical shipments,” Lane said.

“Increasingly, performance is judged not just on final delivery, but on consistency and flow of the entire journey through the network.”

E-commerce changes the measurement FINNAIR CARGO

Finnair Cargo participates in CargoIQ to evaluate shipment processes and solve problems.

Traditional air cargo operations may handle larger shipments with relatively predictable weights and handling requirements, but e-commerce often involves much higher piece counts, lower average shipment weights and different processing patterns.

Swissport continues to use standardized productivity KPIs across its global network, but Lemola said the level of detail required has increased.

“What has changed is the level of operational granularity required,” he said. “E-commerce shipments typically involve a higher number of smaller pieces with lower average shipment weights, which changes handling flows, resource needs and planning cycles compared to traditional air cargo.”

To understand those changes, Swissport analyzes measures such as pieces per shipment, average shipment weight and cargo flow patterns over time.

That information helps stations forecast staffing and resource requirements more accurately and anticipate how a changing cargo mix will affect warehouse operations.

Data becomes critical infrastructure If visibility is becoming an operational currency, data is the infrastructure that supports it.

Anna Maria Kirchner, Head of Global Sales, Finnair Cargo, has

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identified increasing data requirements as one of the industry’s most significant challenges.

“Regulatory requirements around data are getting tighter,” Kirchner said. “In recent years, we have seen a constant increase in the need for data, be it from different authorities requiring more accurate and granular information or our operations improving the efficiency and load factors of our aircraft.”

Performance measurement is therefore expanding beyond physical handling activities to include the quality, completeness and availability of information.

Finnair Cargo has participated in the Cargo iQ community for decades and uses its performance framework

to evaluate shipment processes. Kirchner pointed to NFD, or Notification for Delivery, as an important measure because it can be broken into several component milestones to identify the source of operational problems.

Newer measures, including First In Warehouse, First Out Warehouse and exception handling codes, can provide more detailed insight into where processes are breaking down.

Finnair also uses Lean methodology to develop additional performance indicators and investigate root causes when results fall short of expectations.

Kirchner views IATA’s One Record initiative as an important foundation for the industry’s future. The initiative is intended to standardize how shipment information is shared

among airlines, handlers, forwarders, regulators and other stakeholders.

Better data sharing could reduce duplication, improve accuracy and make information more accessible throughout the supply chain.

It may also determine whether future automation efforts succeed.

While automated guided vehicles, storage systems and other warehouse technologies can improve efficiency, Kirchner said they depend upon reliable data.

“Unless we have the data available, the automation projects will fail and just bring more complexity to the daily operations,” she said.

That observation places data quality at the center of operational modernization. Before cargo facilities

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Cargo Operations

can automate decisions or predict disruptions, they must first establish dependable information flows.

Unilode’s digital tags use Bluetooth and LoRa technology to monitor key variables.

UNILODE

Connected assets create connected operations The transformation extends beyond software and dashboards.

Physical assets are also becoming sources of operational intelligence.

Few examples illustrate this shift more clearly than the changing approach to ULD management.

ULDs move between airports, handlers, forwarders, warehouses and ramp locations, making them among the industry’s most difficult assets to track. Historically, airlines relied heavily on movement messages, manual inventory processes and periodic asset checks.

That limited visibility could lead to unreported movements, misplaced assets, excessive inventory and poor fleet utilization.

Unilode now manages approximately 220,000 ULDs, more than 90 percent of which are digitally enabled, according to Ross Marino, the company’s CEO. The fleet is supported by a reader network spanning 220 airports.

That infrastructure provides nearreal-time information on asset location, condition and utilization.

“The impact has been substantial,” Marino said. “Unilode has recorded 75 percent fewer unreported ULDs across its digitized fleet, with almost zero ULD losses.”

Digital tracking helps airlines understand where assets are located, how long they remain at a particular station and where imbalances or bottlenecks are forming.

The information can improve fleet positioning, reduce unnecessary inventory and help ensure that the appropriate ULD is available when and where it is needed.

Connected ULDs can also provide information beyond location.

Unilode’s digital tags use Bluetooth and LoRa technology and include sensors that can monitor temperature, humidity, shock and light exposure. The company’s Piece Level Tracking technology extends visibility to the cargo inside the ULD. Marino said the future of connected ULDs will include continuous visibility, predictive maintenance, condition monitoring and more advanced cargo intelligence.

“Every ULD will become a source of operational data,” he said.

The warehouse becomes a connected environment Inside the warehouse, digital tools are helping operators capture physical activity as it happens.

Swissport has deployed nearly 1,000 mobile and digital devices across its global cargo network to improve realtime Cargo iQ milestone capture and support operational dashboards used by stations worldwide.

One example is the Cargo iQ FIW, or Freight Into Warehouse, milestone, which records the time cargo enters the warehouse.

Capturing that event in real time gives stations a clearer view of inbound flow from the ramp into the facility and through subsequent handling stages.

“This level of operational insight supports more informed planning,

enables faster response to changing conditions and enhances coordination across ramp and warehouse operations,” Lemola said.

The information can also help improve later milestones, including readiness for carriage and delivery notifications.

Swissport’s Shanghai Pudong operation offers a more advanced example of the direction cargo facilities are taking. The company’s Digital & Intelligent International Cargo Terminal incorporates automation, artificial intelligence-enabled systems and real-time operational visibility.

The facility is intended to support faster processing, better coordination across trade lanes and the handling of increasingly complex cargo flows.

However, the connected cargo facility is not defined by any single system, device or piece of equipment.

It is created when warehouse systems, mobile tools, shipment data, ULD tracking, flight operations and customer information work together as part of one operating environment.

The competitive advantage may therefore lie less in one piece of technology than in how effectively the entire operation shares and acts upon information.

Technology still depends on people Despite the industry’s growing digital capabilities, cargo handling remains a physical operation that depends on skilled employees.

Technology can streamline routine processes, improve visibility and help teams prepare for disruption, but it cannot eliminate the need for human judgment.

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“Physical activities such as inspections, security screening and the handling of specialist shipments require human judgement and experience,” Lane said.

Major disruptions also rarely follow a standard script. Experienced operational teams must interpret information, assess competing priorities and decide how best to protect service performance.

That makes workforce capability part of the connected facility as well.

The most effective technology supports employees by giving them better information at the right time.

It does not replace the operational knowledge required to act on it.

A smarter operation Taken individually, each development

represents an incremental improvement.

Forecasting supports better planning. Cargo iQ milestones provide a clearer view of shipment progress.

Mobile devices improve data capture. Connected ULDs strengthen asset visibility. Integrated systems align commercial, warehouse and flight operations.

Together, they point toward a more significant transformation.

The cargo facility is evolving from a collection of separate systems and assets into a connected operational ecosystem.

Booking information informs warehouse planning. Shipment milestones update in real time. ULDs report their location and condition.

Operational teams share the same

view of changing conditions. Customers receive greater transparency throughout the journey.

The industry’s next competitive advantage may not come simply from moving cargo faster. It may come from understanding what is happening inside the operation before delays occur.

In that environment, visibility becomes as valuable as capacity.

Forecasting becomes as important as throughput. Every connected asset, from warehouse systems and mobile devices to ULDs, contributes to a more predictable and resilient cargo network.

For handlers and cargo operators, the future is not simply a smarter warehouse, it’s a smarter operation.

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Regional Report: Africa

The aviation sector contributes $75 billion to Africa’s GDP and supports more than 8 million jobs.

COLINMTHOMPSON

Africa’s Aviation Growth Meets Ground-Level Challenges Passenger and cargo demand are surging, but aging equipment and uneven infrastructure continue to challenge Africa’s ground operations

BY MARIO PIEROBON

W

ith passenger traffic climbing at nearly five times the global growth rate and cargo volumes rising, Africa’s aviation sector is fast becoming one of aviation’s most compelling growth stories.

Yet behind the optimistic forecasts lies a more complicated reality: aging ground support equipment, uneven infrastructure and regulatory fragmentation that together constrain how quickly that demand can be met.

In this report, the state of African ground handling today is examined, from safety harmonization and fleet modernization to the gradual rollout of electrification and digitalization.

Aviation demand across African markets Dirk Goovaerts, CEO for Continental Europe, the Middle East, Africa, India and Global Cargo Chair at Swissport, affi rms that Africa is becoming an increasingly important market for aviation and logistics.

“According to IATA, the aviation sector already contributes $75 billion to Africa’s GDP and supports more than 8 million jobs, while the continent’s aviation market is expected to double by 2044. Passenger demand is expected to continue growing at a faster rate than the global average, driven by economic growth, urbanization, a growing middle class and initiatives such as the African Continental Free Trade Area, which are strengthening trade and regional connectivity,” he says.

“In this context, we continue to invest in infrastructure, technology and operational capabilities across the continent. Today, we operate in six African countries and continue to expand our presence on the continent.”

Monika Mejstrikova, director of ground operations at IATA, affi rms that air travel demand in Africa is growing strongly, although performance varies considerably from market to market.

“We forecast a 10% increase in African airline passenger traffic in 2026, following an estimated 9.8% growth in 2025. This is significantly higher than the global passenger traffic growth rate of 2.1% in 2026,” she says.

“Growth is supported by demographic and economic expansion, increased tourism, strengthened ties with the Middle East and Asia, and gradually improving intra-African connectivity. Ethiopia, for example, reported a 15% increase in international air connectivity in 2025.”

The African aviation market continues to benefit from solid long-term growth drivers, particularly in the air cargo sector. Exports of perishable products remain vital, while the growth of e-commerce, pharmaceutical shipments, expanding intra-African trade and the evolution of global supply chains are creating new opportunities across the continent.

To support that growth, investments are increasingly focused on

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modern cargo infrastructure, digitalization and more sustainable operations, balancing operational needs with the commercial realities of each market, according to Goovaerts.

“We have expanded temperaturecontrolled facilities across our African network, including our 10,400 m2; cargo warehouse in Nairobi. We have strengthened our CEIV-certified pharmaceutical transport capabilities in locations such as Dar es Salaam, and we continue to invest in digital cargo solutions that improve shipment efficiency and visibility.”

While growth prospects are strong, the industry’s ability to capitalize on that demand depends largely on how quickly ground infrastructure

and operational capabilities can keep pace.

“We note that only 19% of intraAfrican routes are served by direct fl ights, limiting the region’s ability to fully capture demand. These constraints are placing increasing pressure on airport and ground handling infrastructure,” Mejstrikova says. “As traffic increases, airports and service providers must invest not only in new terminals and infrastructure, but also in modern ramp equipment, baggage handling systems, cargo loading facilities, training and digital tools to ensure safe and efficient operations.”

Ground handling capabilities remain uneven across Africa. While major hubs often have modern

equipment and established international processes, other airports face challenges, Mejstrikova observes.

“The age of ground support equipment is a particular concern.

IATA data shows that Africa and the Middle East operate some of the oldest GSE fleets in the world, with an average age of 29 years,” she says. “Although operators are increasingly modernizing existing equipment with safety technologies, fleet modernization remains essential to improve resilience, reduce ground damage and support sustainability goals.

“These weaknesses are most evident during traffic peaks and when new aircraft types are introduced.

Infrastructure investments must

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Regional Report: Africa

therefore go beyond the simple purchase of new equipment and include maintenance capacity, workforce development, data sharing and more uniform operating standards.”

Specifically for ground handling, the most effective path to harmonization is the widespread adoption of global industry standards, Mejstrikova affirms.

“The IATA Ground Operations Manual provides standard operating procedures, while the Airport Handling Manual (AHM) provides a broader framework for policies, management, training and technical aspects. The IATA Safety Audit for Ground Operations (ISAGO) independently assesses ground handling service providers against these requirements and is aligned with ICAO’s Manual on Ground Handling (IGOM),” she says.

“The goal is simple: An aircraft should be operated according to the same fundamental safety procedures, regardless of the airport or service provider involved.”

This reduces unnecessary operational variations, improves training consistency and makes airline oversight more efficient, she adds.

Regional harmonization is making steady progress thanks to initiatives such as IATA’s Focus Africa Program, the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) and the broader adoption of global standards, according to Goovaerts.

“These initiatives contribute to improving safety, standardizing operating procedures and creating greater consistency among airports, airlines and ground handling operators,” he says. “At Swissport, we support this process by implementing globally standardized operating procedures across our network, investing in

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Safety compliance and standardization

Regional harmonization is making steady progress in Africa, thanks to several initiatives and a broad adoption of global standards. ongoing training through the Swissport Academy, developing local operational talent and maintaining internationally recognized certifications, including ISO, ISAGO and CEIV, where applicable.”

“We also continue to invest in digital solutions that strengthen incident reporting, operational visibility and service consistency.”

Although significant progress has been made, harmonization is still a work in progress, Goovaerts observes.

“The challenge today is often not so much defining international standards as ensuring they can be consistently implemented across airports with diverse operating environments,” he says.

“Continued collaboration between regulators, airports, airlines and ground handling operators will therefore remain essential.”

In 2024, ISAGO achieved a record 400 station accreditations, with more than 50 regulators and airports integrating ISAGO into their oversight frameworks, affirms Mejstrikova.

“At the same time, the adoption of IGOM and AHM continues to expand, helping to reduce operational variation between stations and strengthen safety performance,” she says.

“IATA and other organizations have consistently emphasized that more rigorous implementation of global standards remains one of the three most important opportunities to improve the safety and efficiency of ground operations, along with the modernization of GSE fleets and increased digitalization. Ground operations are also part of the broader safety agenda under IATA’s Focus Africa Program and the Collaborative Aviation Safety Improvement Program (CASIP) for Africa.”

Sustainable ground operations The transition to more sustainable ground operations is underway, but it is developing at different speeds at African airports, Mejstrikova observes.

“Electric ground support equipment can offer clear benefits, including lower emissions, reduced fuel consumption, less runway noise and potentially lower maintenance costs. Solar power generation is also particularly relevant for African airports because it can help provide low-carbon electricity while reducing dependence on often unreliable national power grids. However, electrification cannot be approached simply as a matter of purchasing equipment,” she says.

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Regional Report: Africa

“An airport requires sufficient and reliable power generation, charging infrastructure, grid connections, battery maintenance capabilities and operational procedures. At airports where electricity supply is limited or intermittent, replacing an entire diesel fleet with electric equipment may not yet be feasible.”

For many African handling operators, the approach will be gradual, Mejstrikova explains.

“Specifically, this means replacing equipment at the end of its life cycle rather than converting entire fleets immediately. It also includes initially electrifying equipment with predictable duty cycles, such as baggage tractors or passenger ladders; installing fi xed ground power at suitable stands; using solar generation and

battery storage where commercially viable; improving fuel efficiency and equipment utilization across the existing fleet; and collecting accurate emissions and energy consumption data before prioritizing investment,” she says.

“Digitalization will likely progress more rapidly than full electrification.

Technology is already making strides in areas such as digital passenger management, self-service check-in, baggage reconciliation, staff and shift scheduling, electronic load control, equipment tracking and maintenance scheduling.”

Ultimately, one of Africa’s greatest strengths lies in the resilience of its aviation ecosystem, Goovaerts affi rms.

“Across the continent, airports, airlines, ground handling operators

and aviation authorities continue to adapt to evolving operational, economic and infrastructural challenges while maintaining safe, reliable and increasingly efficient services,” he says. “As investment, digitalization and standardization advance, this collective resilience provides a solid foundation for the next phase of African aviation growth and strengthens the continent’s long-term potential in this sector.”

Dr. Mario Pierobon provides solutions in the areas of documentation, training and consulting to organizations operating in safety-sensitive industries. He has conducted a doctoral research project investigating aircraft ground handling safety. He may be reached at mariopierobon@alphaomega.dev.

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Workforce Devlopment

Ground handlers are increasing adoption of technology to improve operations, but implementation is uneven.

JAROMIR CHALABALA | SHUTTERSTOCK

Modern Equipment Needs Modern Skills As ground handlers adopt new technology, success increasingly depends on workforce readiness

BY MARIO PIEROBON

E

lectrification, digitalization and artificial intelligence are reshaping ground handling operations around the world. But while much of the industry’s attention has focused on new equipment and software, the success of these technologies ultimately depends on the people who operate, maintain and manage them. As ground handlers modernize their fleets and adopt increasingly connected systems, workforce training and technical expertise are becoming just as important as capital investment.

Airports and ground handlers are increasingly adopting electrified equipment, digital operating platforms and AI-powered tools, but implementation remains uneven.

Infrastructure, workforce readiness, data quality and common industry standards continue to shape how quickly operators can modernize.

This article examines how leading organizations are balancing technological ambition with operational realities, and why developing the workforce might be just as important as deploying the technology itself.

Technology is only part of the equation Dirk Goovaerts, CEO Continental Europe, the Middle East, Africa, India and Global Cargo Chair at Swissport, says sustainability is advancing through a pragmatic, phased approach focused on operational value.

“Ground handling companies are investing where it offers the greatest operational and environmental benefits,” he says. “At Swissport, we are leading the electrification of our industry, aiming to electrify 55% of our global motorized fleet by 2032. In South Africa, for example, the recent introduction of 72 new electric cargo handling units has brought our domestic freighter fleet to 82% electric.”

Swissport continues to invest in more energy-efficient ground support equipment, renewable energy, modern facilities and operational improvements that reduce emissions while maintaining safe, reliable service. But Goovaerts emphasizes that successful electrification requires far

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more than replacing diesel-powered equipment with electric alternatives.

“It also depends on charging infrastructure, local maintenance capabilities, technician training and access to spare parts, all of which must evolve in tandem,” he says.

Digital technologies are also reshaping ground handling operations. Mobile ramp applications, digital inspections, real-time operational dashboards, load management platforms and predictive maintenance tools are helping improve safety, equipment availability and operational efficiency.

“As airport digital capabilities continue to mature, more robust operational data will help unlock greater value from technologies such as artificial intelligence,” Goovaerts

Digital tools only create value when employees are fully trained to use them effectively. says. “We are investing in next-generation digital load systems, AI-based security and fleet management technologies, and pioneering autonomous ground handling solutions through Swissport Labs.”

Yet digital tools only create value when employees are trained to use them effectively and organizations invest in developing the technical skills needed to support increasingly connected operations.

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Workforce Devlopment

AI’s promise meets operational reality

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Artificial intelligence has the potential to improve demand forecasting, allocate personnel and equipment more efficiently, identify emerging maintenance needs and predict operational disruptions before they occur, according to Monika Mejstrikova, director of ground operations at IATA. “However, much of the current implementation is more accurately described as automation, data analytics or optimization rather than fully autonomous AI,” she says.

Mejstrikova says one of the industry’s biggest challenges is no longer the availability of technology itself, but the operational environment needed to support it. Among the largest obstacles are the cost of implementation, demonstrating

Industry leaders say collaboration is just as important as technology in the continuing evolution of ground handling. a return on investment at smaller stations, unreliable electricity and connectivity, fragmented operational data, legacy airline and airport systems that do not communicate effectively, cybersecurity concerns, limited digital and engineering skills, and uncertainty over who should fund shared airport infrastructure.

Today, AI is already creating value in workforce planning, equipment allocation, predictive maintenance and turnaround optimization, helping operators make faster and more informed decisions, Goovaerts says.

“While these innovations are gaining traction, greater adoption will depend on continued investment in airport infrastructure, reliable energy and digital connectivity, as well as closer collaboration between airports, airlines and ground handling operators.”

As automation expands, the role of the ground handling workforce is evolving rather than disappearing. Employees increasingly need digital literacy alongside traditional ramp skills, while technicians must understand battery systems, connected equipment and software-driven diagnostics. For many organizations, workforce development is becoming inseparable from technology investment.

Collaboration drives progress Technology alone will not transform ground handling.

Industry leaders say collaboration is equally important.

“The greatest benefits will come from collaboration,” Mejstrikova says. “Airlines, airports and ground-handling operators should avoid developing siloed systems that simply create new layers of

The immediate priority should be to find solutions that demonstrably improve safety, reliability and operational efficiency, rather than implementing technology for its own sake.”

Monika Mejstrikova, director of ground operations, IATA complexity. Common standards for operational data, equipment messages and digital ground processes are also essential.”

IATA supports that effort through initiatives focused on load control, ramp digitalization, ground support equipment

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management and the GOXML data exchange framework.

Mejstrikova says technology should always serve operational needs rather than become an objective in itself.

“Some airports may be able to overcome outdated processes by combining mobile technology, cloudbased systems, renewable energy and modern equipment. But the technology must be adapted to the operational context. The immediate priority should be to fi nd solutions that demonstrably improve safety, reliability and operational efficiency, rather than implementing technology for its own sake.”

Collaboration must also extend to workforce development. As

equipment becomes more connected and operations increasingly data-driven, airlines, airports, manufacturers and ground handlers all have a role to play in developing common standards, sharing best practices and preparing employees for a more digital operating environment.

Practical progress

alone will not deliver safer or more efficient operations. Long-term progress will depend on investments in workforce skills, standardized digital processes and the collaborative infrastructure needed to support them. As those foundations mature, developing the workforce may prove just as important as deploying the technology itself.

Ground handling’s digital transformation is no longer defi ned solely by electric vehicles or artificial intelligence. Increasingly, success depends on whether organizations can prepare their people to work alongside these technologies.

Electrification, connected equipment and AI will continue to reshape ramp operations, but technology

Dr. Mario Pierobon provides solutions in the areas of documentation, training and consulting to organizations operating in safety-sensitive industries. He has conducted a doctoral research project investigating aircraft ground handling safety. He may be reached at mariopierobon@alphaomega.dev.

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Pre-Show Preview

INNOVATION TAKES CENTER STAGE AT

GSE EXPO EUROPE 2026

F

rom electrification and automation to smarter fleet management and digital technologies, the pace of innovation in ground support equipment continues to accelerate. GSE Expo Europe 2026 will once again bring together equipment manufacturers, technology providers and ground operations professionals from around the world to explore the latest solutions shaping airport operations. The event, taking place Sept. 15-17 in Lisbon, Portugal, serves as one of the industry’s premier forums for connecting suppliers with airlines, airports and ground handlers while showcasing new products and emerging technologies.

The following pages offer a preview of products and

services that will be featured by GSE Expo Europe exhibitors. From next-generation GSE and charging solutions to software, maintenance technologies and operational support equipment, these companies are introducing innovations designed to improve safety, efficiency, sustainability and reliability across the ramp.

Whether you’re planning your visit to Lisbon or simply looking to stay current on the latest developments in ground operations, these spotlights provide an early look at some of the solutions you’ll find on the exhibition floor. We encourage you to visit participating exhibitors during the show to learn more about their newest products and discuss how these technologies can support your operation.

ADVEEZ LOCALEEZ TELEMATICS PLATFORM

VESTERGAARD OPTIM-ICE

Connected Fleet Data Drives Smarter GSE Operations

Operator-Assist Technology Brings New Precision to Aircraft Deicing

ADVEEZ’s LOCALEEZ telematics platform gives airports, airlines and ground handlers real-time visibility into both motorized and non-motorized GSE, helping improve safety, utilization and maintenance planning.

Compatible with ADVEEZ’s FAMA and OTM devices, the platform combines fleet tracking, operator access control, digital safety inspections, driver behavior monitoring and predictive maintenance into a single connected ecosystem.

Operators can also monitor charging infrastructure for electric GSE, supporting more efficient fleet management.

The result is actionable operational insight that helps optimize capital investment through better asset deployment. Built-in safety features, including access control, seat belt monitoring, shock detection and speed management, help reduce operational risk across the ramp.

Vestergaard is introducing OPTIM-ICE, an operator-assist system designed to improve the safety, consistency and efficiency of aircraft deicing operations.

The fi rst release supports narrow-body aircraft wings and stabilizers, with additional automation capabilities planned in future software updates.

Using LiDAR sensors, OPTIM-ICE quickly scans the aircraft and automatically identifies the appropriate surfaces before generating optimized spray patterns. The system then assists the operator by guiding nozzle movements across the wing and stabilizer, helping deliver more consistent fluid application while reducing operator workload.

Built-in proximity protection prevents the nozzle or boom from contacting the aircraft by automatically slowing and stopping movement at a predetermined distance.

Learn more at www.adveez.com

Learn more at www.vestergaardcompany.com

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GOLDHOFER ATLAS 3

ITW GSE 7400 EGPU

Narrowbody-Specific Tug Expands Electric Towbarless Lineup

Battery-Powered Ground Power Reduces Costs and Emissions

Goldhofer is expanding its all-electric towbarless aircraft tractor portfolio with the introduction of the ATLAS 3, a compact model purpose-built for today’s high-volume narrowbody operations. Designed specifically for aircraft such as the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 families, the new tug provides airports and ground handlers with a solution tailored to the world’s most common commercial aircraft.

A newly developed nose landing gear pickup system reduces weight and complexity while maintaining the safety and reliability required for daily ramp operations.

Learn more at www.goldhofer.com

As airports and ground handlers continue transitioning to more sustainable operations, ITW GSE’s 7400 eGPU offers a battery-powered alternative to conventional diesel-powered ground power units. Designed to support aircraft ranging from business jets to wide-body models, the 7400 eGPU delivers reliable ground power while helping operators lower operating costs and reduce emissions.

By eliminating diesel fuel consumption and reducing energy use, the 7400 eGPU can significantly decrease operating expenses. Its electric design also features fewer moving parts than traditional ground power units, reducing maintenance requirements, extending service intervals and increasing equipment uptime.

Learn more at itwgse.com.

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Tail Loader

Ergonomic lifting aid Improved working conditions

Increased productivity

Gentle baggage handling – minimized risk of baggage damage

Extended reach and flexibility in baggage cart positioning

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MULAG COMET 4 E-HV DK

OSHKOSH AEROTECH RANGER ELECTRIC CARGO LOADER

Double-Cabin Tractor Combines Power and Versatility

High-Speed Electric Cargo Handling for Modern Airports

MULAG will introduce its new Comet 4 E-HV DK electric airport tractor at GSE Expo Europe, expanding its portfolio of high-voltage electric ground support equipment with a vehicle designed for both personnel and cargo transport.

The new double-cabin configuration provides seating for crew members while also accommodating tools, equipment or lastminute payload, helping operators reduce the number of vehicles required during ramp operations. Powered

by MULAG’s proven 400-volt high-voltage electric drivetrain, the tractor delivers the performance needed for demanding airport environments while supporting zero-emission operations.

Learn more at www.mulag.de

Oshkosh AeroTech’s Ranger Electric Cargo Loader is designed to help airports move cargo more efficiently while supporting the industry’s transition to zero-emission ground operations. Combining an all-electric drivetrain with a compact footprint and high travel speeds, the Ranger delivers the mobility needed for today’s fast-paced cargo environment.

Powered by a 48 kWh lithium-ion battery, the loader provides reliable all-day performance while eliminating tailpipe emissions and reducing maintenance requirements. A leaf-spring suspension system improves ride quality, while a powered operator cab, optional Aircraft Proximity Detection sensors and available JetDock self-docking technology help enhance both productivity and safety during aircraft loading operations.

Learn more at www.oshkoshaerotech.com

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Power Stow’s Tail Loader is designed to improve one of the most physically demanding parts of baggage handling: transferring luggage between baggage carts or ULDs and belt loaders. By eliminating much of the heavy lifting, twisting and repetitive motion associated with manual loading, the system helps reduce the risk of workplace injuries while improving operational efficiency.

Compatible with both new and existing Rollertrack belt loaders, the Tail Loader bridges the gap between baggage carts and the rear of the loader, creating a smoother, semi-automated loading process. Its wide operating range allows handlers to work from more comfortable positions while accommodating a variety of baggage cart and ULD configurations.

By reducing physical strain, the Tail Loader can help improve job satisfaction, support workforce retention and enable efficient one-person loading operations.

Learn more at www.powerstow.com

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MALLAGHAN TA82 PROP MIX DEICER

Smarter Fluid Management Improves Winter Operations

GLOBAL GROUND SUPPORT HI-LIFT CATERING & CABIN SERVICE TRUCK

Built for Safe, Reliable Aircraft Servicing Global Ground Support’s Hi-Lift Catering & Cabin Service Truck is designed to help airlines and ground handlers improve safety, reliability and efficiency during aircraft servicing. Engineered for both narrow-body and wide-body aircraft, the unit combines a robust hydraulic lift system with a durable commercial chassis to support precise aircraft interface and dependable day-to-day performance.

A range of integrated safety features – including a 360-degree camera system, front platform tape switches, optional rear lift gate and ergonomic operator controls – helps improve situational awareness while supporting safer loading and servicing operations in busy ramp environments.

The Hi-Lift’s corrosion-resistant construction, long-life hydraulic system and modular design also allow operators to tailor the vehicle to specific airline catering and cabin service requirements while maintaining reliable performance across a variety of climates and operating conditions.

As airlines continue seeking greater operational efficiency, the Hi-Lift offers a durable solution designed to reduce downtime, improve service consistency and support safe, dependable ground handling operations.

Learn more at www.globalgroundsupport.com

Mallaghan will showcase its TA82 Prop Mix Deicer at GSE Expo Europe, highlighting a new fluid mixing system developed in collaboration with European customers to improve operational efficiency while maintaining competitive acquisition costs.

Designed to meet the evolving needs of airports and ground handlers, the TA82 reflects Mallaghan’s focus on practical innovation. The updated system is engineered to improve deicing performance while helping operators better manage fluid usage, energy consumption and overall operating costs.

Looking ahead, the company expects environmental regulations and labor availability to remain key challenges for the industry. To address both, Mallaghan has incorporated the ability to heat deicing fluid using shore power while the vehicle is parked and preparing for operation. This approach reduces fuel consumption and emissions before the unit even enters service while helping operators improve efficiency during winter operations.

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FORTBRAND INTELLIGENCE

Data-Driven Technology Supports Safer Airport Operations

DAVID CLARK SERIES 9900 WIRELESS PUSHBACK SYSTEM

Wireless Communication Enhances Pushback Safety Clear communication is critical during aircraft pushback, and David Clark’s Series 9900 Wireless Pushback System is designed to keep fl ight crews, tug operators and wing walkers connected without the limitations of traditional wired communication systems.

The wireless platform improves mobility while maintaining reliable communication between ground personnel and the aircraft fl ight deck.

Configurable for single-operator or multi-person pushback operations, the system supports a variety of ramp procedures while helping improve situational awareness and aircraft turnaround efficiency.

The Series 9900 includes rugged noise-attenuating headsets, wireless belt stations and an aircraft gateway that integrates directly with aircraft interphone systems. Designed for demanding airport environments, the components provide long battery life, weather-resistant construction and dependable performance in highnoise operating conditions.

By eliminating cables while maintaining clear communication, the Series 9900 helps ground crews perform pushback operations more safely, efficiently and confidently.

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Fortbrand Intelligence brings together a portfolio of advanced technologies designed to help airports improve operational awareness, infrastructure management and workforce training. Rather than focusing on a single product, the company’s solutions integrate sensors, software and simulation tools that support smarter operational decision-making.

The portfolio includes AI-powered foreign object debris detection, telematics for ground support equipment, runway friction and pavement evaluation systems, advanced ground crew simulation training, and snowbank compliance monitoring. Together, these technologies provide airports with real-time operational insight while supporting regulatory compliance, infrastructure maintenance and safer day-to-day operations.

As airports continue adopting digital technologies across the airfield, Fortbrand Intelligence’s integrated approach helps operators transform operational data into practical decision-making tools that improve safety, efficiency and long-term planning.

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7/28/26 8:24 AM 5/11/26 12:00 PM

Spotlight Interview

Robert Boroch on Why Ground Handling Training Must Move Beyond Compliance

BY JENNY LESCOHIER Robert Boroch General Manager, ETC-PZL Aerospace

A

s airports face growing traffic volumes, staffing shortages and increasing operational complexity, many are reevaluating how they train the people working below the wing. Robert Boroch, general manager of ETC-PZL Aerospace, believes simulationbased training can help bridge the gap between regulatory compliance and operational readiness.

In this Q&A, Boroch discusses the limitations of traditional classroom instruction, the benefits of immersive simulation and why team-based training may become an increasingly important part of airport operations.

GSW: ETC-PZL talks about moving “from compliance to readiness.”

What does that mean for airport ground operations?

BOROCH: Historically, training has often been measured by attendance and certification. But simply completing a course doesn’t necessarily mean someone is fully prepared to perform under pressure.

Today’s airport environment is much more demanding than

it was years ago. Traffic volumes are increasing, airports are becoming more complex, and many organizations are operating with fewer employees than before the pandemic. Ground personnel must make quick decisions in stressful situations while working as part of a highly coordinated team.

When we look at industry data showing that many aviation incidents involve human factors, we have to ask whether traditional classroom training alone is enough.

We believe the industry should focus not only on compliance but also on preparing people to perform safely in real operational environments.

How can simulation help close those training gaps?

Simulation has been a proven training method for pilots for decades, so the question is why ground operations should be treated differently.

Simulation allows us to recreate situations that are difficult—or impossible—to practice during normal airport operations. We can train in heavy snow, poor visibility, equipment failures or emergency situations whenever we want, rather than waiting for those conditions to occur naturally.

It also allows employees to make mistakes without creating risks to

aircraft, equipment or personnel.

They learn from those mistakes in a controlled environment before facing similar situations on the ramp.

Why is team-based simulation becoming more important?

Airports are highly collaborative environments. Thousands of people are performing different jobs at the same time, and a mistake in one area can quickly affect other operations.

Training individuals is essential, but teams also need to practice communicating and solving problems together. Many aviation incidents are related to miscommunication rather than a lack of technical knowledge.

Simulation makes it possible to bring multiple operators into the same virtual environment, where they can practice coordinating under pressure, responding to equipment failures or managing unexpected situations. Those are exercises that are extremely difficult to conduct safely in real airport operations.

Workforce development remains one of the industry’s biggest challenges. How can simulation improve onboarding?

One advantage is that training can begin before a new employee even receives airside access. At many airports, security clearance takes

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weeks or even months, and that time is often lost.

Simulation also removes many practical limitations. For example, a pushback operator might spend three months completing the required number of live pushbacks because opportunities are limited. In a simulator, that same employee can perform dozens of pushback operations in a single day, learning from each attempt and repeating exercises until they become confident.

New employees can also become familiar with airport layouts, vehicle operation, radio communication and operating procedures before entering the live environment, reducing stress and improving readiness.

Can simulation also help identify whether someone is well suited for airside work?

ETC-PZL AEROSPACE

I believe it can.

Some people discover very quickly that airport operations simply are not the right environment for them. Others may be highly motivated but consistently struggle to follow procedures or perform safely under pressure.

Simulation has been a proven training method for pilots for decades, so the question is why ground operations should be treated differently?

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Spotlight Interview

Simulation provides an opportunity to observe those behaviors early, before someone is operating around aircraft. It allows organizations to identify strengths, weaknesses and training needs while reducing operational risk.

You spoke about adults learning differently than children. How does that influence your approach?

Simulation allows employees to practice scenarios that cannot safely be recreated in real life.

Those organizations understand that improvements take time. Simulation is not something that produces dramatic results overnight.

It requires commitment, implementation and repeated use before the benefits become visible across the workforce.

The encouraging trend is that more airports and handling companies recognize the operational pressures they face today and are looking for new ways to improve safety and efficiency.

Simulation makes it possible to bring multiple operators into the same virtual environment, where they can practice coordinating under pressure, responding to equipment failures or managing unexpected situations.

Robert Boroch, General Manager, ETC-PZL Aerospace

Are airports becoming more receptive to investing in simulation technology?

It depends on how leadership views training.

Some organizations still see training primarily as a cost or a regulatory obligation. Others recognize it as an investment in operational performance and safety.

ETC-PZL

Adults learn best through experience.

They need opportunities to solve problems themselves and understand why procedures exist rather than simply memorizing rules.

That is why we see simulation as part of a broader learning process.

Employees begin with theory, then progress through guided practical exercises before moving into increasingly complex simulation scenarios. They can experiment, make mistakes and immediately see the consequences of their decisions.

This approach helps people develop judgment and decision-making skills rather than simply remembering procedures for an exam.

How should organizations think about return on investment?

ROI isn’t only about reducing training time, although that can be significant.

If simulation shortens onboarding from several months to a matter of weeks, that is measurable. But there are also benefits that are more difficult to quantify.

Simulation allows employees to practice scenarios that cannot safely be recreated in real life. It helps teams prepare for stressful situations, improve communication and develop experience before they encounter those situations during actual operations.

When the industry spends billions of dollars annually responding to ground damage, preventing even a small percentage of those incidents represents a meaningful return.

Looking ahead, how do you see simulation changing airport training?

I hope we eventually stop thinking of simulation as a new technology.

For pilots, simulator training is a normal part of maintaining competency. Ground personnel also play a critical role in aviation safety, and they deserve access to equally effective training methods.

Technology by itself does not improve safety. Management must create a culture that values training, gives employees time to use these tools and focuses on building competence rather than simply checking compliance boxes.

That, ultimately, is what moving from compliance to readiness means.

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