Architectural SSL - October 2014

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • Chronicling the Advancement of LEDs in the Built Environment

Strategies for SSL Adoption. To convince clients to adopt

LED, a more analytical, albeit arduous, process is required, as opposed to sticking with assumptions that applied to lighting technology clearly still in transition. [ Page 12]

SHAD SHA DOWS OF

AT THE FRONT Exteriors continue to evolve based on new facade product offerings; lighting efforts are growing part and parcel with these creative advances.

SSL BUZZ An East Coast professor and lighting designer, with a little funding support, takes her class on the road to great success.

SSL PROJECTS Harmony and cooperation can exist in the nation’s capital, as proven by the offices of the Nuclear Energy Institute.

NUMBER 34 • OCTOBER 2014 www.architecturalssl.com

B Cost Saving Priority Is the area being illuminated a high-end or back-of-the-house space?

Energy Saving Priority Is it a project requirement in context of the lighting system?

A

JUST THE WAY IT’S ALWAYS BEEN DONE...

SSL Buzz: DOE Snapshot on Area Lighting and Outdoor Luminaires Project Profile: Manhattan’s Tavern on the Green gets new life

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 519 BRIARCLIFF ROAD, BOLINGBROOK, IL 60440 1410SSLCVR02.indd 1

White Pages: Retrofit considerations; AC vs. DC LEDs and Flicker

10/8/14 12:26 PM

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OCT.14

34

24

07

BUZZ

PERSPECTIVES

10 In Brief: LED and daylighting make a connection in Indian Airport.

07 DOE on Outdoor Lighting

05 LED Insights

A Lighting Facts review shows performance is improving.

31 Project Profile: New York's Tavern on the Green is seen in a whole new light.

11 Meizhou Dongpo

Is the lighting market finally tipping to LED? Signs seem positive, but over-assumptions can leave you dead in the water.

By Jim Crockett

The Chinese restaurant's lighting is as colorful as a New Year's parade.

08 Exciting the Next Gen Cindy Limauro uses Nuckolls Fund grant to inspire students to consider lighting careers.

02 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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48 SSL Observed The birth of SSL has created strange bedfellows. But those once disparate relationships are finally beginning to gel.

By Kevin Willmorth

"More people are spending their evening hours in downtown areas. They are looking for excitement, and illuminated architecture gives shape to a cityscape and supplies it with the verve and personality that supports its urban message and invites use."

www.architecturalssl.com

10/1/14 4:22 PM

31

FEATURES

DESIGN & PRODUCTS

12 Market Setting Feature: Backing Off Assumptions

40 White Pages AC vs. DC LED; factors to consider in different kinds of retrofits.

Architectural SSL, Vol. 8, No. 4 (ISSN# 1941-8388) is published five times per year by Construction Business Media.

42 Advances Downlights, area lighting, flood lighting and SSL components.

Publication Office: Construction Business Media, 579 First Bank Drive, Suite 220, Palatine, IL 60067; 847 359 6493; www.architecturalssl.com. (Copyright © 2014 by Construction Business Media)

SSL is a disruption to the traditional lighting world not only in terms of technology, but overcoming decades of accumulated assumptions.

Such change requires constant reconsideration of both objective and subjective decision making.

by Kevin Willmorth

18 At the Front: Illuminating Exteriors The combination of versatile and discreet lighting technology, as well as novel façade and skin materials available today, are changing the way buildings are viewed at night.

by Vilma Barr

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Architectural SSL Magazine, 519 East Briarcliff Road, Bolingbrook, IL 60440.

24 Featured Project: Nuclear Energy Institute Desiring an energy efficient but inspiring office environment, the managers of NEI take an unusual tack to develop a plan for a new office.

Appropriate illumination was on the agenda.

by Vilma Barr

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Coµµ§∑T±R∞

NUMBER 34 • OCTOBER 2014 www.architecturalssl.com Gary Redmond

Managing Partner Director Publishing Operations gary@architecturalssl.com

Tim Shea

Managing Partner Director Business Development tim@architecturalssl.com

Cool is the Rule, But Functionality First operation. While touring the facility—a classic

Dave Pape

EDITORIAL Jim Crockett 847 359 6493 Kevin Willmorth Megan Mazzocco 847 359 6493

Vice President Director, Art & Production dave@architecturalssl.com Editorial Director jimc@architecturalssl.com Editor kevin@architecturalssl.com Senior Editor megan@architecturalssl.com

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Vilma Barr Barbara Horwitz-Bennett Ellen Lampert-Greaux Chuck Ross

vilma@architecturalssl.com barbara@architecturalssl.com ellen@architecturalssl.com chuck@architecturalssl.com

Jan Bottiglieri

Copy Editor

DESIGN & PRODUCTION Dave Pape Art Director dave@architecturalssl.com Lauren Lenkowski Alex Mastera

Associate Art Director lauren@architecturalssl.com Graphic Designer alex@architecturalssl.com

ADVERTISING SALES Gary Redmond 847 359 6493 gary@architecturalssl.com

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A Publication of Construction Business Media

the fluorescent fixtures in the ceiling, noted they “just” switched over to T8s, as the local utility made them an offer they couldn’t refuse. were the exception or the norm. When I first

Our annual call for entries for the SSL Product

started writing about lighting, I spent a lot of

Innovation awards is coming due right about now,

time talking about T8 retrofits with new-fangled

and it has me thinking about the state of SSL—

electronic ballasts. And then, when T5HOs came

specifically the gap between the technology’s

along, the buzz switched to how this newest light

advancement as a whole and what’s actually

source would become the be-all, end-all for high-

being adopted. There’s always a lag between

bay applications because they loved heat. That

the former and the latter, but I’ve been seeing

was nearly 20 years ago; will we have to wait that

signs that perhaps some kind of tipping point is

long to see LED become so ubiquitous?

in motion. For example, on a recent visit to an

Not all is so gloomy; I did tell my would-be

adaptive re-use of a former hotel tower, I found

marketers that there is notable LED retrofit

out the developer—completely independent

activity, but at least for now, it tends to be

of any LEED or net-zero-like objectives—is

slanted toward LED versions of form factors

installing LED throughout the luxury apartment

people are comfortable with, such as the 2x4

project. Similarly, Walgreens has revealed all of

troffer. While a lot of cool fixtures are coming

its new stores will exclusively use LED.

to bear, as witnessed by a number of the PIA

Elsewhere, there’s California’s new Title 24

submissions I’ve seen, it seems the allure of

dimming requirements, which mandate that

legitimate owner/operator interest in opera-

fluorescent fixtures now be dimmed; one West

tional efficiencies—meaning there’s a real

Coast lighting consultant told me that in this

near-term possibility of finally turning a profit

scenario, based on cost and complexity, it makes

after having put so much equity into the LED

more sense to simply switch to LED.

development process—has many manufacturers

Then there’s the steady stream of white light case studies we continue to receive over the transom, and the great projects our reporters

targeting forms their would-be clients are ready to embrace.

Of course, that’s a pretty bold assumption, and

continue to find, such as the Tavern on the Green

as Kevin Willmorth points out in the Market

retrofit featured this issue.

Setting feature, making such generic assumptions

That said, another conversation caused me to put down my LED Kool Aid for a moment to make

about the market and the technology can lead to much more serious business blunders.

Hmmm, despite being a “light bulb geek,” it

lighting agency folks looking to get into

looks like this observer—and I’m assuming many

representing players in the market, made me

of you, the readership—still have a lot to learn.

realize there’s quite a gap between “light bulb

One thing we can’t assume is who will pay such

geeks,” as my son classifies me, and the general

wisdom forward, for there are still many that

population, which includes more lighting decision

need the ABCs of LEDs before they can remotely

makers than I care to admit.

matriculate to SSL.•

I stand by my assertion: the signs indicate that the market is close to tipping, but I must admit that the wall of inertia is still formidable. Take, for example, a lighting discovery I made on another visit, in this case to a product manufacturing

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high bay space—my guide, seeing me point out

The remark made me wonder if such scenarios

a reality check. The discussion, with some non-

Mark Wiebusch 503 679 5409 mark@architecturalssl.com

Member:

LED adoption is bit of a contradiction in that plenty of cool products are coming to bear, yet are dwarfed by installations of a more familiar form.

Jim Crockett, editorial director

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 05

10/1/14 4:36 PM

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Area Lighting Efficacy Trends 180 160

Luminous Efficacy (lm/W)

DOE SNAPSHOT REPORT EXAMINES OUTDOOR LEDS: RISING QUICKLY

Efficacy Performance by Quarter Maximum 75th Percentile Mean Median 25th Percentile Minimum

140 120

Outdoor area-lighting is becoming an increasingly

100

important market for LED fixture manufacturers, 80

according to the latest Snapshot report on the category from the U.S. Dept. of Energy. In fact, as

60

of July 1, 2014, DOE notes area/roadway products alone comprised 23% of the total LED

40

Lighting Facts database, with the other three

20 0

product categories included in the lighting report—parking garage luminaires, canopy Q3 Q4 Q1 2009 |

Q2 Q3 2010

Q4

Q1 |

Q2 Q3 2011

Q4

Q1 |

Q2 Q3 2012

Quarter of Initial Listing

Q4

Q1 |

Q2 Q3 2013

Q4

Q1 Q2 | 2014

luminaires and outdoor directional luminaires— making up a combined 7% of listed offerings.

Unlike DOE’s CALiPER reports, in which a

Source: Lighting Facts Snapshot, July 2014

small subset of LED products are put through ABOVE: After some potential stagnation, maximum efficacy appears to be continuing on an upward trend. In the past quarter, more than 700 newly listed products had an efficacy greater than 100 lm/W, with 22 above 130 lm./W.

rigorous testing to determine actual performance, the Lighting Facts Snapshot reports are based strictly on data manufacturers report on their own products. LED Lighting Facts is a

Outdoor Area Luminaires: CCT Trends

voluntary program, but its database is the largest of its kind and is considered to reflect market trends. Its Snapshot reports focus on five core metrics: lumen output, input power, luminous

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT, K)

efficacy, color rendering index and correlated 6500

Correlated Color Temperature Trends

color temperature.

The overall Snapshot report finding is that outdoor-fixture performance is rising almost as

6000

quickly as their importance in the overall LED

5500

market, with several listed products now offering

5000

light output comparable to a 400W high-pressure sodium (HPS) streetlight. Similarly, mean efficacy

4500

of these fixtures has climbed to

4000

between 80 lumens/watt (lm/w) and 90 lm/w, with the most efficacious reaching into the 120

3500 3000 2500

Canopy

Directional

lm/w to 150 lm/w range. At the same time, corre-

Area & Roadway

All Active Products

lated color temperatures (CCTs) are improving,

Parking Garage

Q3 Q4 Q1 2009 |

Q2 Q3 2010

Q4

Q1 |

Q2 Q3 2011

Q4

Q1 |

Quarter of Initial Listing

Q2 Q3 2012

Q4

Q1 |

Q2 Q3 2013

as well, with 4000K and 5000K being the most Q4 |

Q1 Q2 2014

Source: Lighting Facts Snapshot, July 2014

common, down from 6500K just a year ago.

Efficacy has followed similar improvement trends across all four categories covered in this Snapshot since the Lighting Facts program

ABOVE: In reverse of the efficacy improvements, the mean CCT of many exterior luminaires has been decreasing. For example, in the 3rd quarter of 2009, the listed area luminaires had a mean CCT of 5318K, but a 4568K mean in 2014.

Z

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CONTINUED ON PAGE 08

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 07

10/3/14 3:05 PM

EDUCATION: A UNIVERSITY LIGHTING ROADSHOW CONTINUED FROM PAGE 07

Architecture Students See the Light

Y

began in 2009, with mean efficacy

When lighting designer

the quantity of students who wished to partici-

figures for currently listed road-

and educator Cindy

pate. At the University of Texas, where the first

way, garage and directional fixtures

Limauro was awarded a

workshop was staged, 85 students signed up.

running between 81 and 83 lm/w,

$20,000 grant by the

“Normally, I limit the class size to 24,” she says.

and canopy fixtures now at a mean

Nuckolls Fund for Lighting

For the second workshop at Northeastern

figure of 91 lm/w. However, the report

Education last spring, she felt sure there would

University in Boston, 90 students participated.

authors note that, when only the best-

be a positive response to her idea of a condensed

At Cal Poly, host of the third workshop, the fac-

performing products are considered,

specialized lighting design workshop program

ulty teaching all the third year architecture stu-

the four categories are much closer

to present to architecture students. Limauro, a

dios set aside their class time for this workshop

together.

professor of lighting design at Carnegie Mellon

for all 130 students to attend. A final workshop

University’s School of Architecture and School of

was conducted at Cal Berkeley. While these class

than 42% of the LED Lighting Facts

Drama, described in her proposal a plan to create

sizes are much too large in her opinion, she’s

listed products had a color rendering

and lead the program at four universities over

pleased with the turnout—an indicator, perhaps,

index in the 70s, with the remainder

three days, combining hands-on lab demonstra-

of a greater need for lighting education. Manu-

fairly evenly split between those with

tions and illustrated lectures.

facturers can be—and are—part of the process.

In each of the four categories, more

CRIs in either the 60s or 80s. The

She applied for the grant so that she could

“I have been very fortunate that Color Kinetics

majority (88%) of those with a CRI

inspire and excite design students about lighting.

was founded by Carnegie Mellon alumni. And as

in the 80s also had a nominal CCT of

Her philosophy is that designers who are involved

the company retires old technology, they send

3500K or less, indicating a negative

with spatial relationships need to think about

me this equipment for my teaching lighting

correlation between these two factors.

lighting from the beginning. ”In my experience,

mock-ups.”

Canopy fixtures had the highest mean

it is a struggle for a design student trying to

CCT, at 4823K.

understand lighting concepts without a light

with Phillips Color Kinetics, based in nearby Bur-

lab—the result is only theories,” says Limauro.

lington, Mass., to discuss possible educational

Counter to what one might think, area/roadway fixtures had the lowest

The transition to the real world comes when

In fact, during her Northeastern visit, she met

partnerships. “One idea is for an organization to

mean CCT, at 4568K—down significant-

they can touch and feel light. With a well-

establish a system of loaner kits of equipment

ly from 5318K in the third quarter of

equipped light lab, she says students can begin

that could be sent to schools around the country

2009—and 60% of these products had a

to comprehend form, intensity, and movement.

for 2-3 weeks for workshops that would include

CCT of 4500K or less.

“Then they can experiment with these qualities

lighting mock-ups for student use,” she suggests.

Data from this report also show that facility owners seeking utility rebates

of light, and begin to apply them to virtually anything they design,” says Limauro.

for their outdoor-lighting installa-

There was no issue getting top architecture

tions have an increasing number of

schools to host her visit, but she underestimated

In the interim, one strategy that’s sure to work is the idea of introducing theater to architecture. The reason is pretty practical: “Theater programs have lights that can be borrowed.” •

options to choose from. Approximately 75% of currently listed area/roadway luminaires exceed the criteria of the DesignLights Consortium Qualified Product List, required by many electric utility rebate programs. Similarly, 78% of parking garage luminaires and 77% of canopy fixtures met the minimum efficacy and output criteria of this important rating system.

08 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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HANDS ON As part of one of Limauro’s workshops, a fabric sculpture was created using materials of different densities and textures. Students could arrange overhead lighting fixtures and a floor-mount fixture to achieve specific visual objectives.

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AREA LIGHTING: HEALTHCARE

LED Area Lighting Delivers Healthier Bottom Line

Today’s healthcare facilities operate with tight margins and a close eye on operating expenses, and Wisconsin’s ThedaCare network of hospitals and medical centers has found upgrading its area lighting can help with both of these metrics. The group recently replaced a total of 84 existing HPS and MH fixtures at two of its five campuses with 60 D-Series luminaires from Lithonia Lighting and anticipates annual energy savings will top $40,000.

The project also helped improve employee and visitor health and safety by providing improved lighting quality, eliminating dark spots and enhancing security-camera visibility.•

AREA LIGHTING: ENVIRONMENTAL LIGHTING

Lighting Even a Turtle Could Love Outdoor area lighting in coastal areas can raise a risk of disrupting the journey of young hatchling turtles, including those of a number of endangered species. Fernandina Beach, a small town on Florida’s Amelia Island, is home to a number of these species and wanted to ensure a recent area-lighting upgrade didn’t affect hatchling migration. The solution, shoebox-style luminaires from LEDtronics, met the requirements of Florida’s Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission by directing light downward, for minimal intrusion into nesting beaches. The fixtures also will help protect the community’s budget, by using 65% less energy than traditional incandescent products and requiring less maintenance.•

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RETROFITS: HALOGEN REPLACEMENTS

A Solution That Rocks The Wombi Rock is a landmark for visitors to

A recent upgrade, to Endura PAR 38 and PAR

Connecticut’s Mohegan Sun Casino—it’s a glowing

20 lamps from Philips Lighting, has made a big

fabrication of glass laminate and onyx stone that

difference. The new lamps are rated for 45,000

stands 3-1/2 stories high. Keeping that internal

hours and pack a stronger punch than the

light shining was challenging with the original

originals. Seeing these benefits, the casino went

halogen lamps, especially because maneuvering

on to relamp other casino areas, with annual

within the structure to replace burned-out units is

energy savings of $69,700 for the rock installation

difficult for all but the nimblest employees.

and an additional $416,700 in the further effort.•

V IS TA 15 0 0 S E R I E S S T E P L IG H T S

YOU DECIDE

IF YOUR DESIGNS NEED

POP

DAYLIGHTING: BALANCED DESIGN

It Goes for Miles

Here’s the challenge lighting designers faced in their plans

VISTA 1500 Series Step Lights with a Performance Optics Package (POP):

for the new Terminal 2 at the Chhatrapati Shivaji International

» Sharp cut-off optics deliver precise light placement without glare

Airport in Mumbai, India: uniformly illuminate

» Optics can be hot aimed while installed to achieve your envisioned effect

a wall that was 18 ft. high and almost 3 miles

» 30˚ adjustment with the maximum candela from 25˚ to 55˚ below horizontal » Multiple door options and face treatments: borders, louvers and sheer glass; customizable options and silk screening available » Extension rings to correct the positioning of optics and doors when housings are placed too deep in walls during installation

long—and do it while still meeting LEED Gold HOT A I M I NG R A NGE

» LEDs from three up to larger nine up configurations

EXPERIENCE THE VISTA DIFFERENCE. Explore the possibilities right here: vistapro.com/1500series

power-density restrictions. Among the fixtures tested during mock-up trials, only those in Cooper Lighting’s io series 2.0 met both aesthetic and performance requirements. They now are installed behind a stainless steel perforated panel that helps tie the massive space together visually.•

ABOVE: The spirit of the design was to bathe the corridors in as much natural light as possible. LED lighting, discreetly placed behind the metal interior screen, helped provide electric illumination when needed.

800-766-8478 | www.vistapro.com

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10/1/14 4:58 PM

RGB: HOSPITALITY

Chinese Food with Flair The Meizhou Dongpo restaurant chain has been a familiar stop with Chinese diners since 1996, but when opening its first United States outlet at the Westfield Shopping Mall in Century City, Calif., owners knew they had to make a splash to stand out among the competition. The resulting lighting design from LED Source Los Angeles helps highlight the restaurant’s futuristic play on Asian design traditions. One signature touch can be seen in the glass-walled, illuminated cubbyholes now housing a total of 475 handcrafted glass vases. The restaurant owners wanted to be able to control the color of each cubbyhole independently through the larger lighting system.

LED Tape Light from Nora Lighting, in both RGB and 3000K, versions helped them meet lighting and control requirements while still complying with California’s Title 24 efficiency demands.•

RIGHT: Just one of many color schemes the restaurant is able to employ thanks to the use of controllable LED light sources. That said, the restaurant also wished the light sources to be discreet, thus they turned to Nora Lighting’s flexible LED Tape Light.

Refreshing.

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10/1/14 4:58 PM

Energy Saving Priority?

First Cost Savings Priority?

Energy use is a key consideration in lighting design, but saving energy alone does not itself produce anything useful.

One must have a product selected and a need to be filled before cost becomes determined.

Further, cost may not even be an issue.

Universal Market Priority?

Total Cost of Ownership Priority?

No universal value exists—each customer is different and has different needs.

Costs must also be balanced against visual performance, controls integration and appearance of the product in use.

People Priority?

More than light levels and color preferences.

JUST THE WAY IT’S ALWAYS BEEN DONE...

Over time, with a stable technology like lighting, assumptions arise and shortcuts ensue as an easier means of evaluating a client’s needs. But in the face of technology disruption, the fabric of preconceived assumptions unravels, and a more analytical, if arduous, lighting evaluation process is in order.

12 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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10/8/14 4:21 PM

SHADOWS OF 14

By Kevin Willmorth, editor

Proper lighting decision making involves a blend of objective

making and re-evaluation of preconceptions, to avoid irrelevant

and subjective decision making. Objective measures include

or inaccurate results when applied to current technologies.

energy use and finances; subjective influences include aesthetic,

Unfortunately, the first hurdle—recognizing the need to redress

personal preference and fitness to surroundings. Evaluating

past practices—is high.

every impact, influence and metric in detail, however, is time-

those who introduced solid-state to lighting are equally guilty

the habit of making assumptions as a shortcut. These presuppo-

of bringing their own set of assumptions to the mix, founded

sitions are formed through direct experience and conventional

on over-simplification of the lighting market. For example, the

wisdom, particularly following a long period of relative stability.

early focus on efficacy over color quality came from the idea that

The result is rote decision making. In time, even questionable

energy savings was the greatest priority. This premise proved

assumptions remain, as familiarity with the inaccuracies

poisonous to early adoption, as color quality, product quality,

become part of the weave of acceptable variations. However,

uniformity, and durability issues overshadowed energy perfor-

when technology changes significantly, the fabric of these pre-

mance. Ironically, those who brought solid-state technology to

conceived assumptions unravels.

lighting were required to redress their own assumptions about

Solid-state lighting technology, of course, represents a

the market before general illumination could be bothered to

significant disruption to the stability of several decades of

redress its own. This process is ongoing and will continue until

accumulated lighting assumptions. Change requires conscious

the industry reaches a new state of balance. Following is a look

reconsideration of both objective and subjective decision

at the major “assumptions” that must be re-evaluated.

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Further hindering the emergence of SSL is the fact that

consuming and, historically, industry decision-makers fall into

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 13

10/8/14 4:22 PM

The Energy Saving Priority Assumption Without doubt, energy use is a consideration in lighting decision making. However, the assumption that energy efficiency is the highest priority is an over-simplification. Saving energy alone does not itself produce anything useful. One could argue that energy efficiency is not a priority at all—unless it is established as a requirement within the context of the lighting system.

For example, a restaurant owner seeking to deliver a welcoming environment for customers will place concerns of color, aesthetic presentation, physical appearance, uniformity, dimmability and cost as top priorities. With those needs satisfied, compliance with energy use requirements are approached in tuning the final design. For street lighting, utilities may consider the financial impact of reduced maintenance and enhanced reliabil-

UNDERSTAND THE CLIENT’S GOALS —ENERGY

UNDERSTAND THE CLIENT’S GOALS—AESTHETIC

 The Tops Friendly grocery store, employing Cree’s CS18 linear luminaire, is a case where 70% energy savings was among the top concerns.

 This bar, featuring 3M’s stylish AIR luminaire, is an example in which energy savings was not the primary driver in illuminating the space.

ity of solid-state higher priorities than energy saving.

Large retailers may first consider presenta-

restaurant may not consider cost when it comes

tion of product, delivery of an attractive shop-

to the customer interaction spaces, reserving

ping experience, security camera performance,

cost-conscious decisions to back-of-house.

and maintenance disruptions as priorities. For

Commercial and institutional spaces generally

this reason, the early LED lighting fixtures that

include presentation, conference, executive and

delivered high efficiency at the cost of visual

public areas where value is different than that

comfort, aesthetic appearance, color quality, and

applied to private spaces. This applies to the

longevity has evolved into an emerging trend

application of SSL as it does any other product—

of quality solid-state lighting products that are

with a twist.

high performing, visually attractive and cost ef-

In spaces where lighting levels are minimal,

fective, while also delivering exceptional energy

and the cost of maintenance and risk of failure

performance.

are low, the additional cost of solid-state prod-

Price itself delivers nothing. One must first have a product selected and a need to be filled before the cost of filling that need or delivering that product can be considered.

ucts that deliver long service life and ultimate

The First-Cost Priority Assumption

efficiency may be considered too high. Another

Like energy efficiency, it might appear that first-

factor influencing cost appraisals is the prolif-

cost can be assumed as the highest priority in

eration of low-cost products that fail to deliver.

decision making. However, this ignores a core

This simultaneously erodes price expectations of

premise: Price itself delivers nothing. One must

the market while destroying customer confi-

first have a product selected and a need to be

dence in low-price competition. Being the lowest

filled before the cost of filling that need or deliv-

price in these conditions may be less successful

ering that product can be considered. Only when

than being nearer the middle of the market.

all factors and goals of the decision-making

Only when considering all other variables before

process are included can cost be placed in proper

price, can the difference in price of products be

context. For example, the owner of the high-end

considered a significant factor.

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Universal Market Assumptions Of all assumptions made by product providers and marketers, the idea that there exists a universal set of values is the most insidious. Not only is there a great deal of difference between customers in the multitude of general illumination application markets; within these markets, variations in competitive environment, legislativedemands and subtle personal preferences paint a rainbow of issues that cannot be bundled.

Not all restaurant owners consider lighting a priority. Not every municipality is interested in spending precious capital saving energy or reducing maintenance—no matter how absurd that may sound. Commercial offices and factories are built every day by design-build processes that use formulaic lighting approaches that ignore best practices, delivering poor lighting

PUZZLE PIECES

Dell’s Childrens’ Medical Center of Central Texas sought a rare prize: LEED Platinum certification. LED VT Series fixtures and controls from Acuity helped them achieve that goal.

performance. Conversely, other building owners spend a great deal more than necessary to realize the highest quality lighting available. While energy codes dictate control of lighting energy, there are virtually no considerations of lighting quality pursued with equal vigor. The only safe

TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN

The Pencil & Monk Design Studio in Chennai, India, designed by Amardeep Dugar, is an example where the client desired a swanky space that reflected the company’s involvement in film and other media experiences. SSL helped deliver a space that enhanced creativity and energy efficiency.

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Total Cost of Ownership Assumptions

assumption one can make about any customer or

When a lighting system uses low-cost

market is that there are no universally appli-

products with fragile sources requiring replace-

cable assumptions. SSL may be the hottest and

ment continually, short payback periods may be

most desirable new technology to emerge in the

appropriate—since the costs of operation are

last century, but this alone may not be relevant

ongoing for the life of the system. However, with

to the myriad of decision makers involved. For

solid-state lighting requiring no lifetime mainte-

SSL to reach its full potential, solid-state

nance, the initial cost of product represents both

providers must avoid universal thinking to apply

initial and maintained cost over the system life-

the technology’s inherent plasticity to gain ad-

time. For this reason, the premise of comparing

vantage—to entice customers to turn away from

solid-state products on a supposed one-for-one

old formulas.

basis with high-maintenance conventional

Another misconception is that money flows

systems creates non-sequitur results. Further,

from a single source, accounted for under a

financial spreadsheet evaluations fail to include

single rational umbrella. In most operations of

consideration of the values added of visual per-

scale, capital investments are managed separate

formance, human factors, controls integration,

of operational expenses. Lighting requires

or even appearance of products in use. Com-

capital investment that must pass qualifiers in-

paring a high-efficiency fluorescent product to

volving real value and capital available, against

a performance enhanced solid-state product

other non-lighting priorities. This is particu-

is overly reductive. With solid-state poised to

larly pointed when the space being addressed

deliver far more in both subjective and objective

is to be leased or operated separately from the

value than can be reflected in a spreadsheet,

developer. Maintenance is frequently a discrete

new appraisal processes with greater fidelity the

line item managed independent of either capital

industry needs to present accurate appraisals.

investment or energy expense. Payback analysis

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 15

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supporting a capital expense, funded by savings in maintenance and/or energy, includes the incorrect supposition that these are appreciated universally. Decision makers frequently struggle to gain consensus between disparate layers of organizations, short circuiting the process.

Assumptions that Fail to Consider Human Factors as Priority One Artificial lighting exists for only one purpose: to enable and enhance human vision when available natural light is inadequate. This humancentric approach is not a New Age trend, it is the core purpose of artificial illumination. However, addressing human factors has been boiled down to assumptions of light levels, brightness patterns and color preferences. These objectively defined factors are applied under the accepted conjecture that lighting is a quantitative func-

DAYLIGHT DRIVEN

tion of satisfying metrics that define lighting

Cooper LIghting’s training and design center outside of Denver was created to showcase their new LED and Greengate control products, but also to show the technology in action. For example, during the day, the office area and design studio can be dimmed to their lowest settings to work in conjunction with daylighting efforts.

performance. This is a cart-before-the horse issue that uses metric performance as a crutch to avoid the specifics of designing to enhance human health and high visual performance.

The IES Lighting Handbook provides guidance for selecting and defining lighting needs, in objective terms, reflecting the current state of

of performance between scotopic and photopic

understanding. Digging deeper, lighting design-

visual response (the S/P ratio), coupled with

ers need insight into how human vision works,

pupil function, that is proven to increases visual

and how artificial lighting enables it to function

performance beyond simple illuminance levels.

at its best. Unfortunately, in the age of instant

The document also challenges assumptions of

gratification, most of this important detail is

lighting color preference, supported by new

ignored in favor of quick answers and rote

research indicating that much higher CCTs than

formulas. This systematic laziness creates a bar-

previously assumed are preferred in many task

rier to adopting new technologies such as solid-

applications. This directly challenges acceptance

state. With no understanding of the benefits of

of the 3000K to 4000K standard in commercial

human-centered design, it is impossible to make

and educational spaces, with research indicating

decisions that enhance performance.

that 5000K, even 7500K and beyond, is preferred

Current understanding of human response

to the current warm-light bias. The application

to light is expanding rapidly, leading to fantas-

of higher CCTs delivers greater visual perfor-

tic new opportunities for applying solid-state

mance than warmer CCTs, reducing the required

to push lighting beyond its current state of

minimum light levels (and subsequent energy

footcandles, lumens and watts. For example, the

demand) in kind. This is well supported by

ability to tune and dynamically adjust spectral

research demonstrating improved performance

power densities to enable greater visual perfor-

and accuracy in visually demanding tasks, along

mance, increase comfort, and deliver a sense of

with reducing the number of complaints of

well-being is a very real potential. The IES publi-

light-related physiological reactions, such as eye

cation TM-24-13 describes factors in the balance

strain and headache.

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Addressing human factors has been boiled down to assumptions of light levels, brightness patterns and color preference. In other words, metrics are used as a crutch to avoid the specifics of designing to enhance human health and visual performance.

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CONTRAST, LAYERING & CONTROL

Werkraum Bregenzerwald in Vorarlberg is a facility designed to showcase Austrian craftsmanship. Daylighting dominates the space and the Zumtobel LED lighting is carefully layered to complement natural lighting and place accent on the exhibits. The lighting system is not static, and can be adjusted based on events or weather conditions.

systems by lumen depreciation over operating

nologies to deliver the variable color/illuminance

hours. To overcome this debility, the practice of

performance that natural light provides—while

over-lighting is applied to SSL, in anticipation of

saving energy and elevating visual performance

degradation of performance down to the desired

to new highs.

illuminance levels at some point in the future.

SSL is capable of reversing this—to place lumen

Growing Pains

output as the steady state product, with energy

This is hardly a complete summary of the mass

use adjusted over time to maintain the desired

of assumptions that have become engrained

light output. This places the emphasis more ap-

into lighting practice over decades of stability.

propriately on visual performance first. Raising

However, it does show how the comfortable and

expectations and reversing assumptions is the

lazy reliance on assumptions acts as a barrier

key to unlocking this potential.

to adopting new technologies, and why early

Other areas of technical limitation inherited

versions of promising new light sources, such as

Technical Limitation Assumptions

from conventional technology includes fixed col-

LEDs and OLEDs, are suffering through a period

Conventional lighting products are degrad-

or output and fixed spectral power distribution.

where they’re simply mimicking the technologies

ing lumen output devices, with no mechanism

Solid-state technology is capable of delivering

they hope one day to displace. As technology pro-

to maintain light output. This results in fixed

color tuning separate of light output. Further,

gresses and becomes more familiar, the assump-

power consumption systems that degrade in

within any given CCT, subtle tuning of spectral

tions working against it will be broken down and

performance of their primary task of enabling

balance, from blue light to red enhanced, can be

displaced with new thinking. Between now and

human vision over time. In this early stage of

included. With expanded controls capability, new

then, a great deal of hard work will be neces-

solid-state technology, this assumed behavior

lighting systems can break the assumed steady

sary to redress past practices and overcome the

remains in place, defining the life of solid-state

illuminance and color state of conventional tech-

unavoidable resistance to change.•

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E V O LV I N G

E X T E R I O R S

By Vilma Barr, contributing writer

Façades occupy a unique place in

three-dimensional construction

Façades and the environment

Façade lighting as marketing

the built environment. They are the

with only empty space behind it

Apart from street lighting to make

The technological ability to com-

canvas upon which the designer

that assumes dramatic sculptural

traffic routes safe in towns and

municate with light has evolved

has given a face for us to recognize,

proportions when illuminated.

cities, urban areas and districts

into shaping architectural façades

develop their own character when

rather than simply embellishing

for the structure to assume an

The revolutionary development

image, or a personality. When it

of LEDs has offered designers fresh

it is dark and their illuminated

them. Light patterns and colors

comes to a evaluating a façade,

new approaches for façade lighting.

façades are responsible for their

inject fresh character into basic

we are all users. Lighting makes a

By controlling the brightness and

identifiable character.

architectural forms at night. For

façade user-centric.

color of LED light sources, and by

purveyors of products or services,

taking advantage of LEDs’ diverse

Façade styles and materials

they present the brand’s messages

lighting solutions for building

optical characteristics, innovative

The construction style and

to convey information that visually

façades can create added value for

technical solutions are transforming

materials of a structure determine

supports the organization’s appeal

the structure itself or economic

the approach to façade lighting.

the approach to its illumination.

to its target market.

merit by making a location more

Designers balance these solutions

International suppliers point out

beautiful, safer, or inviting recre-

with the need to be sustainable,

that whether the structure is

Presented here are eight projects

ational uses. Today, the definition

save resources, and prevent unnec-

historical or modern, its façade

from around the world that reflect

of a façade applies not only to

essary light pollution.

lighting should communicate the

these trends and illustrate the

same architectural message as it

dynamic relationship of the façade

does during daylight hours.

to its environment.

Contemporary architectural

buildings or occupied structures, but can be expanded to include a

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In this context, some basic trends emerge:

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TOPICS AT THE FRONT

URBAN ART

When Mexico City extended it subway system, a new station opened on

Liverpool Department Store

Wrapped in a new sculptural façade of illuminated interlocking hexagons, Liverpool Department Store, Insurgentes is a dimensional billboard to enliven a busy Mexico City intersection. A previously completed new façade and roof garden at Liverpool’s Interlomas store reports a 30% revenue increase.

Avenida de los Insurgentes. Occupying one corner is a branch of the Liverpool

Mexico City

Department Store chain. However, the façade it presented was a blank stucco wall, unsupportive of the contemporary fashion image of the stylish

Lighting Design:

merchandise the store was known for. “The store was desperately in need

Ideas y Proyectos en Luz

of an identity that would engage the street,” says Michel Rojkind. With his

Architect:

design team, their solution was wrapping the exterior in a 10-ft.-deep illu-

Rojkind Arquitectos

minated geometric screen that not only increased the store’s usable square footage, but created a visual icon, day and evening, that has significantly

Photos:

boosted customer traffic.

Courtesy, Rojkind Arquitectos

LIGHT COMMUNICATION

The Scale Lane Footbridge is a multi-use urban facility that offers residents

Scale Lane Bridge

When the Scale Lane Bridge is due to swing open, pedestrians are alerted to the sound of rhythmic bells that begin to chime, and pulsating lights from the roof light fin and LEDs embedded in the bridge path. They are synchronized to continue during the movement cycle.

of the city a graceful elevated wooden walkway from the city’s Old Town

Hull, U.K.

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Conservation Area to a planned development on the other side of the river.

A line of red LEDs along the roof emphasizes the shape of the enclosure on

Lighting Design:

the bridge. The glazed triangle with the restaurant inside is internally lit

Sutton Vane Assocs.

to glow red. White glareless lights built into the balustrade illuminate the decking and reflect into the water. When the bridge moves, a synchronized

Photos: Timothy Soar; Courtesty

bird song and pulsating lights signal the start and finish of the opening.

McDowell+ Benedetti Architects

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TOPICS AT THE FRONT

Geolog Stadium Retrofit

Originally constructed in 1983, the Geolog Stadium, about 1,000 mi. east of

Tyumen, Russia

Moscow in Siberia, has been refitted with an illuminated skin to draw activity to the soccer stadium even on the days without matches. CB 90 fixtures by

Lighting Design:

Siteco, an Osram company, were installed in front of the stadium’s façade to

Osram Turkey

highlight the ground level’s architectural details. Customized Traxon Wall Washer Shield XB-36 RGB fixtures were double-mounted on poles, aimed to

Photos:

evenly cover the whole front façade. The fixture utilizes AC line voltage and

Courtesy, Traxon

can function up to 325 yards from its power source.

Marriott Broadway Tower

Extending 750 ft. into the skyline near Columbus Circle

New York City

is the 68-story Marriott’s Courtyard/Residence Inn

SIBERIAN RICHES

Tyumen, the first major Russian settlement in Siberia, has grown to a population of 600,000. Its growth is linked to the discovery in the region of oil and natural gas, wih the city serving as the transportation hub.

Central Park. The tower actually houses the two brands Architects:

separately. Lighting brings the exterior to life with

Nobutaka Ashihara

bands of blue light denoting each shift in the building’s form while an illuminated elevator shaft captures

Lighting Design:

attention at street level and surroundings. Changing

Focus Lighting

shades of blue accent the 75-ft.-tall crown. Vertical runs of blue LED nodes are spaced five in. on center, with

Photos:

eight runs per side, spaced about 5 ft. apart horizontally.

Ryan Fischer, Joshua Spitzig

For the tower façade, horizontal runs of smaller blue LEDs spaced 2 in. on center are mounted at the breaks between building sections. A transparent elevator shaft running partially up one side of the building extends the blue theme with LED accents mounted within the shaft, and above and below the elevator cab. “It gives the impression of a white elevator cab floating on a bed of blue air,” say Paul Gregory, Focus’ principal.

STANDING OUT

The Manhattan skyline is a multi-layered panoply of projected colored light. A more restrained approach characterizes the single blue light selected to distinguish the 68-floor-high Marriott at 1717 Broadway from nighttime competition, generating its image as “The Blue Hotel.”

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TOPICS AT THE FRONT

FABULOUS FACELIFT

One of the sites where the James Bond installment Quantum of Solace was

Casino Bregenz

To present the casino to optimum effect at night, its operators opted for a dynamic media façade that would help create the right backdrop for a highly atmospheric evening at the casino.

filmed, the casino was in dire need of a look suited to Hollywood. New metal

Bregenz, Austria

sheeting gives new shape to the renovated façade, which was also fitted with 1140 meters of Zumtobel’s CAPIX evolution LED media facade luminaire

Lighting Design:

that sticks to the framework like a second skin. Thus, when night falls, the

Zumtobel

casino is transformed into a shining interplay of colors. Beyond colors and effects, a sequence of moving pictures can be projected.

Photos: Marcel A. Mayer

The Endless Stair is a public art installation that was

The Endless Stair

constructed outside the Tate Modern museum as part

London, UK

of the 2013 London Design Festival. Inspired by the drawings of M.C. Escher, it combines 15 interlocking

Architecture

staircases with a total of 187 steps to form a series of

dRMM Architects

reconfigurable walkways leading to a dramatic viewing platform. Designed by London-based dRMM Architects

Lighting:

and engineered by Arup, the structure’s striking night

SEAM Design

time appearance was created by the lighting design firm SEAM Design. “Lighting art and architectural

Photos:

sculptures has many challenges, particularly those that

James Newton

require interactivity,” said SEAM Director Marci Song.

For Endless Stair, SEAM used Lumenpulse’s Lumenbeam and Lumenfacade fixtures. The combination of the linear grazers and narrow beam spotlights accentuates architectural juxtapositions, creating a play between the physical structure and the nature of light.

Sequencing visually recomposes the sculpture.

INTERACTIVE ART

Visitors can move through the sculpture. The lighting design had to address not only how the piece looks from distant and close up views, but also how the light creates compartments of atmospheres. SEAM used 2700K color temperature to enhance the warmth of the wood, and narrow 10 degree optics to limit glare.

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ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 21

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TOPICS AT THE FRONT

Former Bethlehem Steel Plant

When it opened in 1890, the Bethlehem Steel plant was the world’s largest

Philadelphia, Pa.

industrial complex in continuous use until it ceased operations in 1995. It got new life in 2009 when the Las Vegas Sands created a casino complex

Lighting Design:

on the site illuminating the blast furnace, high house and ore crane to a

Speirs + Major

prominentplace on the city’s skyline as part of the project. To bring new life to the vintage industrial sculptures, Speirs + Major employed a system of

Photos:

approximately 250 ColorReach Powercore LED floodlights and more than

Alysha Eve Csuk

100 ColorBlast Powercore LED wash lights from Philips Color Kinetics.

Agua Luces

Spanish for “water lights,” Agua Luces was the theme

Tampa, Fla.

for a 2012 undertaking to permanently light nine

NEW LIFE FOR STEEL PLANT

Speirs + Major’s concept for the site recalls the steel production process. The original furnaces glow red, alternately deepening and fading in color to represent periods of heating and cooling, while areas of blue light highlight the final cooling phases.

landmark bridges across the Hillsborough River, and Lighting Design: Tracey Dear

over train tracks and roadways. The lighting contract for the first five bridges was awarded to event lighting specialist and architectural lighting designer Tracey

Photos:

Dear to complete the design so the lighting could be

Courtesy of Luminart

installed prior to the Republican National Convention.

British-born Dear says that the vistas of water, with the addition of the element of light, produces “a powerful mix.” In his experience, the light source, the color, direction and the timing of the color changes draw different reactions from the viewer. ”Much like the river’s changing currents, the bridges will constantly change color and appearance that will be reflected on the river’s surface and become part of its beauty.”

VISTA OF WATER AND LIGHT

Agua Luces, “Water Lights,” is part of LIghts On Tampa, a public/private partnership between the city’s Art Program and the Friends of Tampa Public Art. Some of these commissioned projects are temporary, others, such as the bridge illumination program, remain permanent contributions to the city’s downtown. Lighting designer Tracey Dear used Illuminarc Lumipanel 901P, Lumiline 301P and Illumnispal 401P fixtures to light the structures.

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www.architecturalssl.com

10/1/14 5:57 PM

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Circle 08

9/30/14 4:11 PM

F§±TUR§D PRoj§Ct

Offices of the Nuclear Energy Institute, Washington, D.C. Architect, Interior and Lighting Design: FOX Architects, LLC General Contractor: James G. Davis Construction Text: Vilma Barr Photos: Ron Blunt Photography The Challenge: Office space that had been occupied as the headquarters for the Nuclear Energy Institute in Washington, D.C. wasn’t suitable to be adapted to a new layout that would encourage interaction between staff members. As an organization that supports clean air energy, upgraded building systems were a priority as part of the requirements for a new office location.

Another objective was a visual theme that expressed an innovative, contemporary outlook.

The Solution: NEI leased a three-level, 50,000-sq.-ft. space in a downtown Washington, D.C. building and retained FOX Architects to create a handsome, energy-efficient space.

The designers carved out a central core that connects all three floors, highlighted by an open tread staircase with a transparent handrail to extend the volume of the floating stair.

In this opening hangs the SSL jewel of the space: a free-form LED-illuminated fixture. LED is also prominently featured in a full-height wall covered with a lacy organic screen that creates afanciful decorative contrast to NEI’s minimal office environment.

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Agreement by consensus in

“There was a committee of 25

rate culture and how it would be

Washington, D.C. isn’t reported

staff members who attended the

as an everyday occurrence in our

initial project visioning sessions,

perceived to visitors,” Robins says.

nation’s capital these days. One

and they all got a chance to have

do a good job of sharing daylight

notable, non-governmental excep-

their say,” reports designer Melanie

beyond the perimeter, so employ-

tion, however, occurred as part

Robins of FOX Architects. “They

ees and the management were

of the planning to help determine

were encouraged to share their

both ready for something different,

the function and design for the

ideas about public spaces, how

according to Robins.

50,000-sq.-ft., multi-floor space for

each group worked, and what they

the offices of the Nuclear Energy

wanted the design of the office to

roadmap of the proceedings, a

Institute (NEI) at 1201 F Street N.W.

communicate about their corpo-

graphic facilitator was enlisted

NEI’s former headquarters didn’t

To give the participants a visual

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Expressing an Energy Image

to capture the ideas of the group

executive director/chief informa-

members during the visioning

tion officer—who led NEI’s office de-

session. “He took key words and

velopment team—also had energy

drew cartoon-like representations

efficiency goals in mind, specifically

of what he heard so that everyone

LEED Silver Certification. “We com-

came away with a visual refer-

pletely gutted and rebuilt the space

ence as to what was said and the

so we could incorporate resource-

direction the design wanted to go,”

efficient heating and lighting

Robins explains.

technologies, along with utilizing

Beyond a crisper and more open environment, John McIntire, NEI’s

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A LIGHT TOUCH A mix of sources illuminate NEI’s new space.

LED was used primarily for accent purposes, such as to backlight the reception desk and create the signature blue that runs throughout the space. Fluorescent sources account for more general illumination, including the crisscrossed ceiling pendents.

recycled interior finishing products wherever possible,” says McIntire.

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FOX Architects’ approach to the client’s objectives for a sustainable, collaborative work setting was a

and reception area take up a large

accent in the corridors. Crisp white

percentage of the 11th floor.

LEDs illuminate the NEI logo and

To create a unifying element

also the reception desk.

layout that created smaller private

throughout the space, a rich sky

offices while assigning reclaimed

blue hue—NEI’s signature color—

combination of LED and more

square footage to other areas to

permeates various areas, appearing

traditional sources throughout the

accommodate group work sessions

as upholstery, column coverings,

space, but LED, as a whole, was

and encourage collaboration out-

area rugs, backlit graphics, and

selected to bring about subtle

side of the private office.

LED lighting behind the metal

effects. These include under-

mesh screen wall.

cabinet lighting, illumination for

Glass walls provide a feeling of openness and transparency that

Blue LED strip fixtures from

Robins employed a balanced

the reception desk, LED tape for

encourages communication

Prolume create the feature lighting

the stair plinths and knife-edge

between staffers. A majority of

in the central three-floor-spanning

ceilings, accent downlights over

offices are on the 10th and 12th

stairway, behind the full-height

serving credenzas, wall grazing for

floors; the conference center, café

metal mesh screen wall, and as

the organic screen panels adjacent

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The color blue, often created with LED, permeates the office to create a unifying element in the 3-level space.

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10/1/14 6:16 PM

to the stair, as well as the signature

two arm lengths alternating for

fluorescent fixtures suspended

SSL SIGNATURE

suspended fixture located in the

the entire length of each fixture.

below free-form recesses in the

stair well between the floors.

Individual arms had to be arranged

drywall ceiling. The fixtures are the

by hand in the field, which Robins

Tori by Birchwood Lighting, with

notable fixture (pictured upper

says was no easy task in a three-

28W, 3500K T5 lamps. This lamp

right) went beyond researching

story stair opening.

is also used as the recessed linear

A highlight of the project is the LEDilluminated helix-like luminaire that hangs suspended from the 12th floor.

It’s made up of longer and shorter arms that alternate the entire length of the sculptural fixture. The long arms have 20 6.4W LEDs, and the short arms have 20 3.2W LEDs to illuminate the entire 30-ft. length.

Robins’ involvement with this

and specifying it. She also directed

Each of the three fixtures have

its installation and helped to angle

20 6.4W LEDs in the long arms, and

fluorescent fixture above the

the placement of each of the off-

20, 3.2W LEDs in the short arms.

reception desk from Alight.

white matte lacquer-finished arms

The built-in LEDs use a total of 576

on site. “It was delivered in a huge

watts to illuminate the entire 30-ft.

flat box from the importer/manu-

length.

facturer [Interlux/Vibia Lighting],” she recalls.

The fixtures, says Robins, had

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Robins also created visual interest

fluorescent in the 4-ft. recessed

In the elevator lobby, a large 40-ft.-long recessed plaster in panel luminaire from Whitegoods was used to create a consistent bright

in the reception area and café, by

light. For the typical corridor ceiling

crisscrossing 8-ft.-long linear

illumination, Robins selected 6-in.

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 27

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HEIGHT OF CONSIDERATION A particular challenge of the space was dealing with the various equipment housed in the ceiling as well as the varying slab-to-slab heights. Robins countered the horizontality of the conference rooms with custom square overhead fixtures from Whitegoods.

round aperture horizontal one-

in such areas as the conference

Whitegoods, containing four 28W

lamp triple tube fluorescent down-

rooms required special treatment.

T5 fluorescent lamps.

lights from Pathway Lighting.

“As per usual for D.C., we were

To give the community table in

NEI’s office design was ultimately

working with some pretty compli-

rated LEED Gold, higher than its

the café its own lighting identity,

cated existing conditions and tight

goal of Silver certification. It also

a custom pendant fixture from

slab-to-slab heights,” Robins says.

earned top honors in the 2014

3-Form-Light Art has a woven

Post-tension beams were every-

Design Award program sponsored

3-Form Shade, fitted inside with

where along with large ducts and

by the International Interior Design

two 14W, E26 CFL globe lamps. The

the sprinkler and AV systems.

Assn.’s Mid-Atlantic Chapter. Total

crisscross linear fluorescents and

Robins countered the designed

energy used for lighting the entire

freeform recesses in the drywall

horizontality of the conference

occupied space was tallied at just

ceilings link back to the same aes-

rooms and tables with custom

under the 0.9 watts per sq. ft.

thetic in the reception space.

square, overhead surface-mounted

allowable in D.C.•

Lighting for low ceiling heights

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ACCENT LED HELPS CREATE A LANDSCAPE OF MAGIC & ROMANCE Tavern on the Green, New York City

As the sun sets over New York City’s Central Park, the iconic restaurant, Tavern on the Green, twinkles under a new exterior lighting scheme illuminated almost exclusively with LEDs. Shuttered since 2009, this classic Manhattan eatery has been newly renovated, reopened in April with stylish interiors and a visual focus on the garden, where crystal LED chandeliers provide a sparkling canopy at night.

To understand the renovation, you have to understand the restaurant’s history: It first opened in 1934 in a former sheepfold designed in 1870 by Calvert Vaux as a home to the animals commonly seen grazing in the park’s meadow. It quickly became one of the most popular destination restaurants in New York, with its trees wrapped in lights and its famous Crystal Room overlooking the garden. Over its life, it has undergone two other renovations before closing five years ago.

“For the fourth iteration, we wanted to honor the building’s history while acknowledging the new architectural elements,” says Paul Gregory, principal at Focus Lighting, the architectural lighting firm brought onto the project by lighting designer Ken Billington, principal of KBA Lighting Design. A Tony Award-winning Broadway designer, Billington had worked on the lighting of the restaurant in the past and was brought back as part of the team with architect Richard H. Lewis and landscape architect Robin Key. One of the most dramatic changes in this latest recreation was the removal of the aforementioned Crystal Room. This process, however, revealed great architectural bones from the

ABOVE: The project was really split into two parts: the courtyard above, with its signature canopy of lights

created by low-wattage custom LED pendants; and the re-created restaurant, which now feels like an over-sized country cottage illuminated with a mix of LED accents and MR16s.

Photos: Ryan Fischer

19th century sheepfold. The new design recalls the Crystal Room with glass walls that overlook the courtyard garden, which is the feature most spectacularly illuminated. “Drapes of light and crystal float over the courtyard, enveloping visitors in warm light as they enjoy views of

www.architecturalssl.com

1410SSLPRO.indd 31

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 31

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SSLProfile:

Tavern on the Green, New York City

THE CHALLENGE: Recreate the iconic design of Tavern on the Green, while exposing the original 1870s architectural structure and reducing energy levels as well as any negative impact on the environment, while maintaining a strong visual aesthetic and meeting the needs of the Central Park Conservancy and Landmarks Commission.

THE SOLUTION: The use of SSL almost exclusively in the garden courtyard, with custom-designed LED crystal chandelier pendants, creates visual excitement outside, while the interiors are accented with linear LEDs, blended with traditional sources to light the dining tables. The lighting pays homage to the architectural history of the building.

PROJECT CREDITS:

BEAUTIFUL AND EFFICIENT LED has come a long way in a few short years, as very warm CCTs are delivered inside and out of the restaurant, but at a fraction of the wattage—31 million annually to be exact.

Owner: New York City, Dept. of Parks and Recreation Architect: Richard H. Lewis Landscape Architect: Robin Key Lighting Design: Focus Lighting: Paul Gregory; Brett Andersen, Christine Hope, Valentina Doro, Hilary

In addition, LED bullets by BK Lighting high-

while Boca Flasher line-voltage LED light strips

Manners, Andrew Balmer, Dan Nichols

light architectural features along the restored

accent the coves in the main dining room. “The

Lighting Consultant: Ken Billington, KBA

façade. Stake-mounted bullets were also placed

linear LEDs along the banquettes and the wall

Lighting Design

under the trees, as the city would not allow

paneling create a warm glow at the guest level

lights on the trees themselves. These fixtures all

that wraps patrons in a romantic light to em-

have 8W LED MR16-style sources.

brace the dining experience,” says Gregory.

Text: Ellen Lampert-Gréaux Photos: Ryan Fischer

Courtyard planters have custom, variable-

In looking back, Gregory says the biggest chal-

height points of light from Vision Quest Lighting,

lenge on the project was meeting the needs of

with LED fiber-optic illuminators from Visual

the Central Park Conservancy and the Land-

Lighting Technologies. HK Lighting’s exterior-

marks Commission as the building is almost 150

rated 70W, 4200K metal halide pattern projectors

years old. But beyond creating a great looking

Central Park and the Manhattan skyline,”

add texture to the roof to evoke the look of

space, Gregory is equally proud of the energy

explains Gregory.

dappled moonlight with blossom templates.

efficiency it will deliver. Despite being a simple

The effect is created via 500 custom-designed

Inside, the restored dining rooms have the

source replacement, in total, the switch to LED

LED chandelier pendants, made by Canopy

feel of an oversized country cottage, with

means 10,750 fewer watts per hour will be con-

Designs in Brooklyn. The pendants float on

exposed beams, parquet floors, and a fireplace

sumed; multiply that figure by an average of 8

airplane cable and electrical wire with sockets

as elements of an upscale, yet rustic, ambiance.

hours per day x 365 days, and he says you end up

spaced every 3 to 5 ft. on 14 bronze poles. These

Hanging over the main bar is a mobile of gilded

with a savings of 31,390,000 watts per year. “31

supports are adorned with large blown-glass

horses, and carved sheep heads on the mantel-

million watts,” exclaims Gregory. He calculates

decorative sconces custom-designed by Focus.

piece echo the building’s original purpose.

that’s a savings of $8,146 per year based on New

Gregory explains the poles are also used as the

Interior lighting blends LED accents with 50W

York City’s $0.26 kWh rate.

pick points and power feeds for the chandeliers.

MR16 lamps in a variety of fixtures. The entry

The end result in the garden is entrancing,

Each of the small chandeliers is fitted with

arch has Juno mini-LED recessed accents, and

whether dining below the canopy or looking out

one 3.5W-LED medium screw-base replacement

Boca Flasher line-voltage LED light strips run

from the dining rooms onto the garden. “By using

lamp with a 240-lumen output—actually about 20

along the ceiling beams.

careful accents, and the suspended miniature

lumens more than the 25W incandescent lamp

Tokistar linear, low-voltage flexible LED light

chandeliers, we have created a landscape of

the design firm would have primarily used just a

strips accent the bar fascia, banquettes and

magic and romance,” concludes Christine Hope, a

few years ago.

liquor riser, and serve as wall-panel uplights,

senior designer at Focus Lighting.•

32 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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www.architecturalssl.com

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striking design and significant energy savings, providing

designed to replace GU24, GX23 and G24q pin-base

PAR30-, PAR 38- and AR111-sized LED lamps to allow users

the equivalent illumination of a 40W incandescent lamp

compact-fluorescent products. The lamps are constructed

to attach a variety of magnetic accessories that can adjust

(330 lumens), while drawing only 6 watts. The lamps

with a lamp holder that rotates 270 degrees and feature a

color and shape—and soon, the direction—of the light beam.

are available in silver and gold finishes, both with a color

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temperature of 2700K.

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DOE RESEARCH

Familiar Form Still a Factor in the Lighting Market Many of LED lighting’s most ardent advocates

In fact, researchers behind the CALiPER Retail

proved retail-lamp market since their last report

(including, yes, this magazine’s editor) argue

Replacement Lamps Study say, many LED A-style

on retail lamps in late 2011. For example, earlier

this new technology should be leading us to new

lamps now on the market match the lumen output

products struggled to reach lumen equivalence

ways of looking at how illumination is distributed,

of the much-beloved (though no longer available)

for a standard 60W A lamp. This time around,

rather than forcing it into outdated form factors—

60W incandescent, with some comparable to

researchers evaluated a total of 46 lamps listed

namely, A19 and MR16 lamps and classic

75W and 100W products. Just as important,

as equivalents to incandescent A lamps and

fluorescent-style linear tubes. But old habits die

luminous-intensity distribution also is lining up

halogen MR16 lamps in several wattages each,

hard, and a century’s worth of table lamps, track

with incandescents, with color quality suitable

along with products intended to replace 75W

fixtures and ceiling troffers aren’t headed to

for most applications. And, when matched with

halogen PAR30 lamps. They purchased the lamps

the scrap heap anytime soon, so the market for

rapidly falling costs, these LED performance

from the same retail outlets today’s consumers

LED replacement versions of traditional lamps

benefits can give new lamps an advantage over

might use, including major hardware and big box

is huge. The good news, according to a recent

other energy-efficient options (such as CFLs) in

chains, aiming for products labeled with a

DOE CALiPER testing report, is that today’s LED

consumers’ buying decisions.

correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3000K, or

makers are stepping up to the challenge, with

the closest alternative.

products equivalent, or close to, what consumers

Setting Parameters

have come to expect from the lamps they’ve

CALiPER researchers did their shopping for

by manufacturers also shows much improvement

known for years.

test products in fall 2013, and found a much-im-

since 2011’s report, with hundreds of additional

34 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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A review of LED Lighting Facts data supplied

www.architecturalssl.com

10/1/14 7:10 PM

LEDReplacements

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YOUR BEST REFLECTION

ZAC T8 tubes are available from Zenaro in 2- and 4-ft.

The Philips SlimStyle BR30 lamp replaces traditional 65W

New R and BR reflector lamps from Litetronics are

lengths. The 10W, 2-ft. tubes offer a luminous flux of 1100

interior incandescent floodlights, delivering 650 lumens on

designed as instant replacements in both appearance

lumens, while the 4-ft. lamps can be ordered as 18W and

just 9.5W. Similar to the SlimStyle A19, this lamp uses its

and performance for incandescent and CFL medium-base

22W models, producing 1900 or 2300 lumens, respectively.

flat surface to conduct heat away from LEDs, eliminating

reflector lamps, for use in cans and track fixtures. All are

Both lengths are available with color temperatures of

need for a heavy heat sink.

available in 2700K, 3000k and 4000k color temperatures.

4000K and 5000K.

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products, an increase in mean efficacy by 7-9

performance factors for those traditional

lumens/Watt (lm/W), and an increase in mean

products as well, so they purchased and tested a

output of more than 100 lm. Also, mean CCT

selection of 15 A lamps (including incandescent,

dropped as well, which translates into illumination

halogen and CFL), seven MR16s and three PAR30

that more closely resembles conventional lamps.

products to better understand the output,

And, for A lamps, many more products now offer

efficacy and CCT buyers would be expecting from

omnidirectional illumination—in fact, all the A

LED offerings.

CALiPER researchers did their replacement lamp shopping last fall, finding a much improved retail lamp market since their previous report.

lamps chosen for this report are designed to produce light in all directions, and they do it with a form factor meeting ANSI’s definition for A19 or A 21 lamps.

Because retail LED lamps are intended to replace products with which consumers already are familiar, such as incandescent and CFL household bulbs and the MR16 and PAR30 lamps home and business owners might have in track and can fixtures, researchers wanted to benchmark

www.architecturalssl.com

1410SSLRPL.indd 35

ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 35

10/1/14 7:10 PM

LEDReplacements PRODUCTS

SLEEP TIGHT

FULLY DIMMABLE

LED OPTION FOR CERAMIC METAL HALIDE-LAMPS

The “Good Night” bulb from Lighting Science Group saves

The Contour Series PAR 30 and PAR 38 lamps from

Ultra Pro and Ultra Pro HD PAR lamps from Osram Sylvania

both energy and Z’s. The 12W LED replaces standard 60W

Verbatim are fully dimmable and feature non-glare optics

can replace traditional PAR20, PAR30 and PAR38 products

incandescent lamps and is color tuned to produce less

to reduce eyestrain. UL-wet rated, the lamps are ideal for

and offer high center-beam candlepower to put the focus

blue light. This illumination is intended to support natural

use in outdoor fixtures. The lamps are available in two

on merchandise and artwork. The lamps are available in

melatonin production to promote better sleep.

finishes and a variety of color temperatures and luminosities.

four color temperatures, with a color rendering index of 82

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DO§ r§s§±rCH

Familiar Form Still a Factor (Cont.)

Output, Efficacy Distribution

included a lamp with an efficacy of 105 lm/W—

A-lamp replacements now are topping CFLs in

higher than its own claim, and the highest for

equivalency claims did not live up to their stated

efficacy, with the top performer exceeding 100

any medium-screw-base lamp CALiPER had

ouputs, and as a whole, this group rarely met the

lm/W and six others reaching above 80 lm/W.

tested to date. All in all, the researchers were

output of the halogen MR16 benchmarks—many

This also puts LED energy performance signifi-

encouraged at the number of higher-output

were more than 25% lower. Also, at the same

cantly ahead of halogen and incandescents. Of

options now available.

beam angle—an important characteristic in this

the 15 tested 60W replacements, 14 produced

In selecting PAR30 lamps for the study, the

Six of the tested MR16 LED lamps making

category—LED offerings simply didn’t match

at least 90% of their claimed lumen output (and

researchers searched out those lamps claiming

the center beam intensity of 50W, 12V halogen

two actually exceeded 110% of claimed value).

equivalent output to 75W halogen product and

lamps, and only a few reached the level of a 35W,

The LEDs labeled as replacements for 75W and

ended up with a group with listed lumen outputs

12V halogen. The LED contenders averaged 363

100W household bulbs faced a bigger challenge—

ranging from 740 and 900 lm.—a range which

lm, with an efficacy of 57 lm/W, with a substantial

in fact, two of the products were simply wrong

tested out to be 660 to 959 lm. This output fell

range in performance. The MR16 form factor

in stating this level of lumen output, and one of

slightly lower than the tested halogen benchmark

poses challenges for LED manufacturers, the re-

these wouldn’t even meet Energy Star’s standard

products; however with an average 61 lm/W ef-

searchers note, because of the mass and volume

for a 60W equivalent. However, the group also

ficacy rating, the LED lamps were more efficient.

LEDs require for thermal management.

36 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

1410SSLRPL.indd 36

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SWITCH THE LAMP, NOT THE SOCKET

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TOUGH CUSTOMER

The Helen Lamp by Lunera fits standard 4-pin G24 series

The 12W Swivel LED PAR 38 from Samsung produces 950

Designed for demanding environments, Kenall's T8-LED

CFLs as well as 2-pin G24d-series sockets, and can be

lumens at a warm 3000K color temperature at 80 CRI. Of

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powered by the fixture's existing ballast. The 13W Helen,

course, the namesake swivel head makes for a significant

lamp/driver warranty based on 24×7 operation in an IP

however, has five times the lifespan of a typical CFL and cuts

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DO§ r§s§±rCH

Familiar Form Still a Factor (Cont.)

Adding it up

photometric performance are somewhat more

intensity distributions – with the widespread

Finding multiple, high-quality products now

accurate than two years ago, but they remain

availability of A lamps with omnidirectional

available for less than $10, the researchers see

a concern in the retail market. Overall 43% of

distribution serving as just one example. No

potential for a significant uptick in the LED retail

products in this round made an equivalency

single “best” solution has been found yet, and

market—especially given the growth in avail-

claim that was not entirely accurate.

innovation is continuing, so lamps on tomorrow’s

ability of superior products, versus the last study

 Performance has improved since the 2011

store shelves could look substantially different

on the topic in 2011. Looking at the hypotheses

study—though, in large part this was due to

in a few years.

they had set out to test with the 46 selected

more stringent selection criteria. But many of

In a final note of caution, the report’s authors

retail LED lamps, the researchers concluded:

the products in this study exceeded even the

note that price and performance weren’t found to

 Compared to the previous study, new products

best-performing products tested in 2011.

correlate in this most recent study. So consumers,

are available that push the boundaries of lumen

 While price per product was found to be about

contractors and other specifiers need to educate

output equivalency. For all three product types

the same as in 2011, performance is very differ-

themselves more than ever to ensure the products

considered—A19, PAR30 and MR16—multiple

ent, so price per lumen has continued to decline.

they buy meet their expectations.•

products were available exceeding performance

 There have been a range of physical changes

of those from 2011.

to manufacturers’ lamp designs, with new

 Manufacturer and retailer claims for

optical systems resulting in different luminous

38 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

1410SSLRPL.indd 38

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By Kevin Willmorth, editor

Retrofit Strategies Explored Retrofit options offer many benefits; but it’s a case of buyer beware so make sure you get the ‘facts.’

Regardless of the availability and improved performance of many new

range of tests to qualify and carry the Energy Star label. Certainly, the

products specifically designed for solid-state, there is a portion of the

best strategy is to take advantage of products that have been verified

market that will choose, instead, to apply retrofit components into ex-

over products that haven’t.

isting conventional products. There are several logical reasons for this: Simplicity, and minimal disruption to existing operations and lighting

Review Retrofit Kits as New Products with Liabilities

systems, is the most obvious; re-lamping an existing fluorescent or

While the use of retrofit kits for outdoor and downlight products have

incandescent lamp with an LED sourced retrofit of similar shape and

grown, evaluating performance and realizing gains is not always

light delivery can also be done quickly and readily. The results can be

straightforward. For older outdoor products, failures in gasketing, loss

dramatic, with energy savings, in some cases, as great as 90%.

of clarity in glass lenses, and degradation of paint finishes can lead to

Reaping the benefits of low initial cost, ease of application, and fa-

failures beyond the lighting system; thus they require careful consid-

miliarity in maintaining a lighting system’s appearance and effect, will

eration. For example, installing a new light source, expected to survive

lead many end users to adopt such retrofit strategies as the primary

10 more years without attention, into a 20-year-old, pole-mounted

approach to solid-state lighting integration. Adding to the attractive-

luminaire on a pole of questionable integrity, is risky. However, installing

ness of this approach is a growing number of integrated products that

an LED retrofit kit into an indoor down-light to upgrade the light

include wireless control and sensors that transform a simple, “dumb”

source and optic makes perfect sense and avoids having to dig deeper

socket holder luminaire into a modern light source addressable with

into the building to install new.

modern controls, without the pain of re-wiring, or adding wires for control networks. The question is less about why retrofit, than it is about doing the best job of selecting the appropriate product to apply.

Read the Labels At the top of the list of issues to address is reliability of information

There are several reasons to opt for retrofitting existing fixtures with SSL components: simplicity, minimal disruption to operations, and form familiarity.

provided by the product manufacturer. With the retrofit lamp business running white hot, the number of entries into the market has exploded.

Not all of these are reliable. Take advantage of DOE’s LED Lighting

Don’t Dismiss the Outright Replacement Option Too Quickly

Facts program, which verifies product test data from qualified labora-

When evaluating approaches for upgrading a lighting system to solid-

tories and matches marketing claims. Products displaying the Lighting

state, it makes a good deal of sense to include a review and consideration

Facts label have had their test and specification data reviewed, while

of replacement products, as well as lighting system redesign as well.

the manufacturer’s presence on the DOE Lighting Facts website backs

Frequently, the savings that results from converting from conven-

up their position as a reputable vendor. Be aware, there is another

tional sources to LED can be amplified by taking advantage of the most

Lighting Facts label mandated by the FTC, with similar information,

current, fully integrated new luminaires available. In many instances

but without the requisite pre-qualification. For solid-state product

the gains in energy savings, coupled with the opportunity to include

selection, look for the DOE LED Lighting Facts products.

advanced controls, update light levels, and freshen a space’s appearance can be of greater value than taking the easier route of re-lamping.

Look for Other Verification Sources

This is particularly true when existing lighting systems are very

An excellent resource for finding pre-qualified products is the Design-

old, or are poor performers, as these less-than-optimal options cause

Lights Consortium, which maintains a listing of products that have

losses in efficiency that reduce the effectiveness of even the best LED

been verified by independent laboratories to deliver what is represented

retrofit product available.

in product specifications and literature.

This searchable resource is on the organization’s website. While no labeling is mandated, product providers invested in this effort include

More often than not, probably the most robust strategy would include a combination of new and retrofit options to put the best products to use in all areas, but also areas where they make the most sense.•

mention of their participation in the program. Retrofit lamps also fall into Energy Star categories, which must pass a thorough and stringent

40 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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By Vivian Wu, engineer, American Bright Optoelectronics Corp.

AC vs. DC LEDs: The Current War Revisited Flicker can be an issue with AC LEDs, but proper design can mitigate the issue while improving efficiency and dropping the bottom line.

One of the core basics in understanding solid state lighting systems

for traditional fixtures. Nearly the entire installed base of traditional

is that conventional LED light sources require a driver to provide

line-voltage (phase-cut) dimming controls was designed for incandes-

regulated constant voltage or current to the light engine. But is this

cent sources. There can be compatibility issues between these controls

the case? Alternatively, by generating the voltage or current directly to

and an LED light source’s driver. That said, well-designed SSL products

the LED module from AC mains, it can be argued that the LED lighting

will work with existing dimming control systems without adding

system will be more reliable offer greater design flexibility and lessen

unwanted flickering. Additionally, there are also many dimmers

failure rate.

designed specifically for LED products and are currently on the market.

Why? The necessary AC-to-DC converter circuit required of standard drivers not only increases costs but also shortens the lifespan of the

Flicker Can be an Issue

LED lights. In fact, according to a DOE/ Next Generation Lighting

On the subject of flicker, it’s one of the main drawbacks of AC LEDs, but

Industry Alliance report, “Solid-State Lighting Product Quality Initiative,”

it doesn’t have to be. Because such modules are directly driven by AC

drivers are responsible for a 52% failure rate of the luminaires tested.

line voltage, which oscillates at 60Hz (or 50Hz), the AC LED produces

What if the driver was eliminated? This is possible with AC-powered LEDs, as they can be connected directly to 120V or 230V line voltage without using any capacitors, coils or resistors, meaning fixture manufacturers don’t have to give up anything but cost and complexity.

In fact, with the introduction of LED modules with a driver IC

flicker at twice the frequency of the AC line frequency (e.g., 120Hz in North America).

Studies have linked flicker to health problems. So, even though flicker at these frequencies may not be visible to the naked eye, there is evidence that the human brain can detect flicker frequencies as high

integrated for current control that is designed to be used in any 24V

as 200Hz. Potential problems include headaches, eye strain, impaired

system—and AC LED modules that allow LEDs to be driven from direct

visual performance or, in extreme cases, epileptic seizure. Even the

120V AC—the system will greatly simplify the application programs,

perception of flicker, according to research, is undesirable in lighting

making the system reach 90% efficiency. How? The sinusoidal wave-

applications.

form circuit means that at each particular time half the LEDs are off

New ENERGY STAR requirements for lamps, due to go into effect

while the other half are on. This stage is reversed and repeated con-

Sept. 30, 2014, in fact, specify that the highest percent flicker and highest

tinually, producing a constant stream of light. In other words, power is

flicker index must be reported. Unfortunately the revision does not

transmitted and used much more efficiently, as putting LEDs directly

specify a maximum allowable limit for either.

on the end without having to include complex electronics to convert

That said, in a lighting system, a good solution can reduce flicker

AC back to DC, power is distributed efficiently and delivered more

without sacrificing power factor and efficiency. But what is a good

effectively without intervening electronics.

solution? One is to add components that will shorten the “off” time of the cycle. Another is to engineer a circuit board that uses a separate

Consider Dimming Challenges

AC power and control signal. Unfortunately, it’s difficult to define the

An important benefit of AC LEDs is the ability to dim. Such systems are

“safe” amount of flicker to the overall population because it’s perceived

compatible with phase-cut dimmers. However, LED systems sometimes

as a matter of human recognition.

have issues lowering light output without sacrificing color accuracy.

For example, a dimming rate of 2% is ideal, however, it is not easily

Ready for Prime Time? Yes

achieved, as the resulting CCT often drops from 4000K to 2000K. A

There is no longer the need to sacrifice power factor, luminous

more realistic dimming rate is 5% to 10%. However, while dimming

efficiency, or light quality to gain the benefits of using AC LED lighting

performance varies significantly across many types of commercially

technology. These lights are a compelling platform for retrofit lamps,

available LED sources, less-than-ideal behavior shows up most fre-

architectural and landscape lighting and other general lighting

quently when integral LED replacement lamps are installed on circuits

applications. The bottom line is the ability to bypass costly AC-to-DC

controlled by phase-cut dimmers.

LED drivers, reduce systems size and cost—all while still providing the

It’s important to remember that dimming problems are not caused by any shortcomings of SSL technology. Rather, they’re due to the fact

highest light quality—is an attractive proposition worth investigating for luminaire manufacturers, lighting designers and specifiers.•

that almost all of the existing dimmers in this country were designed

www.architecturalssl.com

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ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 41

10/1/14 7:21 PM

Product Introductions

Put it on Display The Times Square Lighting TX20 spot luminaire is designed for use in museums and retail settings, where low-wattage, high-output illumination is required. Fixtures come with three field-changeable reflectors, and in any of four color temperatures, ranging from 2700K to 4000K. Specifiers can choose from three standard finishes, with custom colors also available.  Visit www.tslight.com or Circle 301.

Lighting involves a blend of objective and subjective decision making.

Retailers, for example, may consider atmosphere and presentation of product top priorities.

1 Ring Me Up The AFX ORA pendant fixtures feature a 12-in.diameter ring seemingly lined with light. Suspended from a junction box by a single cord, they can be displayed individually or grouped for visual impact while only drawing only 12W per luminaire.  Visit www.afxinc.com or Circle 292.

IMAGINE WHAT YOU CAN DO WITH OVER 15,000 LUMENS 2 For Retail that Pops

Luxeon CoB modules from Philips Lumileds are designed to produce both the warm saturated colors expected with a CRI of 90, while still delivering the natural, crisp whiteness needed to highlight retail merchandise.  Visit www.philipslumileds.com or Circle 293.

Introducing the ALL-NEW 100W ZC Series COB (Chip-On-Board) LED Arrays Unmatched Quality & Efficacy

3 Higher Power

Seoul Semiconductor's new ZC Series COB (Chip-On-Board) The LouisLED Poulsen Kipp family of outdoor lighting Arrays offer high lumen density and efficacy in a single, easy-to-use fixtures now features a post luminaire, a 104W LED component family consisting of seven different devices – fixture producing over 7,000 lumens at a color including two new additions of high-power 60W and temperature 100W COBs. of 4000K (a 3000K version also is The LED arrays range from 6 to 100 watts delivering available), system level for an efficacy of 69 lumens/watt. The fixtures vandal-resistant and easy to maintain, performance from 700 lumens to 15,000 lumens enabling a are wide uniform and broad light distribution. range of general lighting applications for both indoorproviding and outdoor Visit www.louispoulsen.com or Circle 294. use including downlights, highbays and outdoor arealighting.

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Product Introductions

Multiple Possibilities The MX family of recessed multiple and track luminaires from Intense Lighting incorporates up to four lamp heads into a single fixture. The line includes two track-light models and several recessed multiple options, all available in any of three beam options, in four color temperatures and offering a color rendering index up to 92.  Visit www.intenselighting.com or Circle 302.

Commercial and institutional spaces generally include conference or executive areas where value is different than that applied to private spaces.

4 Up and Down Situation Available with down or up/down-combined light distribution, the 8-in. Integrated LED Cylinders from ConTech Lighting also can be specified for indoor or outdoor applications.Three color temperatures are available, along with four finish options.  Visit www.contechlighting.com or Circle 296.

5 That’s a Wrap Utility Wrap luminaires from MaxLite are designed to replace wrap-around style fluorescent fixtures in apartment buildings, parking garages, stairwells and other utility applications.  Visit www.maxlite.com or Circle 297.

6 Curvalicious With its graceful profile well-suited for upscale exterior area applications, the HessAmerica Parco luminaire is available in 10-, 12- and 14-ft. heights, and can be specified with either standard- or highoutput light engines and in in warm or neutralwhite color temperatures. luminaires meet Dark Sky requirements. Complementary bollard and wall-mount fixtures are available.  Visit www.hessamerica.com or Circle 298.

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www.seoulsemicon.com ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 00

10/2/14 10:14 AM

Product Introductions

Hitting the Road Already available in ceiling and wall-mount versions from EYE Lighting, the Aphos family of luminaires now includes a roadway model, which also can be used in parking and area-lighting applications.

The new addition is available with Type II, III and V optics. An optional programmable motion sensor works with a user-set foot-candle level that takes advantage of the fixtures’ dimming capabilities.  Visit www.eyelighting.com or Circle 303.

For street lighting, utilities may consider the financial impact of reduced maintenance and enhanced reliability of SSL as a higher priority than energy savings.

1 Slim Solution Samsung M-Series LED modules are specially designed for use in flat lighting applications, such as troffers and linear luminaires. The series includes three models, all with the same dimensions, but with varying light output options.  Visit www.samsung.com or Circle 304.

2 A Dim View The EcoSense EcoSpec Linear Dimming Control Modules are designed to convert 0-10V dimming signals and fixed line-voltage inputs to an ELV dimmed output—up to 1000W with a 277V load, and 450W on a 120V load. A single module can be used per run, up to the maximum wattage.  Visit www.ecosense.com or Circle 305.

3 Room-Saver The S Series LED Retrofit kit from Terralux lies nearly flat against a wall—with less than 1-in. depth—to ease replacement of bulkier pin-based CFLs in sconce and other surface-mount applications. The kits directly connect to either 120V or 277V systems and are rated for 24×7 installations.  Visit www.terraluxillumination.com or Circle 306.

44 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

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10/2/14 10:14 AM

GETTING TO

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Les Bebes Cupcakery Taipei, Taiwan

NEXT ISSUE: Retail, appropriately enough, is the theme of the December issue as holiday shoppers perhaps make the retail year. Vilma Barr takes a look at how good illumination can help move merchandise and keep things fresh to get shoppers to return. Also reflecting on all things SSL in 2014, Kevin Willmorth pulls out his Carnac hat and examines what’s on the mind of the market in assessing where LED has been and where it’s going. Kevin also begins his product lifetime series to help readers better understand how products should be expected to perform. On the project front, besides a couple of great stores, we’ll also take a look at an unusual kindergarten.

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12/13/13 5:31 PM

9/30/14 4:11 PM

SSLObserved:

By Kevin Willmorth

The Transformation of Lighting From Organic to Viral humans converting raw materials to lighting

has now grown in the last nine years across its

hardware. I personally relate to these folks—

entire face. Lightfair 2005 had virtually no LED

being of third generation small-scale entrepreneur

products on display, save a few color changing

boot-strap stock. My first jobs were hard, sweaty

gadgets. 2014 was completely infected by the

work, from paper routes and small engine repair

solid-state bug. The transformation is amazing,

to roofing trailers, cutting scrap steel into bits,

even when viewed from inside. Conversely, the

and setting irrigation pipes in the sun. I then

electronics intruders are changing slowly into

found art, and my soul. It’s why I do what I do.

lighting people. That’s the problem with bugs,

The infusion of electronics-based solid-state

Lighting has always been a mix of the work of

everyone is eventually infected.

technology into lighting has brought with it

making something, and applying light in ways

In the early stages of the SSL revolution/

many new members into the community with

that make people see. That’s the art of lighting

evolution/intrusion, the PhDs and their armies

more master’s degrees and PhDs in this or that

to me. Not just seeing—as in adequate foot-

of marketers, engineers and accountants acted

than ever before. This is in stark contrast to

candles applied to a surface to support photopic/

like we organic lighting folk were banging stones

lighting’s origins. Consider the man who got it all

scotopic visual response appropriate for the

together to make a living. The arrogance was

rolling: Thomas Edison, a self-taught inventor

task requirement—but, “seeing” as in feeling the

palpable. That’s not as much the case today.

with no formal higher level education. Then

space; seeing the work at hand with comfort and

While some of the sillier ones still think they

there’s a group of outstanding manufacturers like

interest and not necessarily knowing why. That’s

hold the golden key to the universe, most are

Elliptipar, LAM, Lightolier, Boyd, Visa, Winona,

organic, and it’s very real, even today… although

beginning to make products we organic lighting

Kim, et. al.—three of which I worked for at some

perhaps a bit in the shadows at the moment.

people can put to use. Soon, they won’t be “they”

In SSL’s early days, the differences between those of an electronic disposition, and those of a more organic nature, were palable.

Today, it’s a mellower, fruitful blend.

time—which were all founded by people without

The new form of lighting—the one founded by

massive degrees, staffs of engineers, angel

massive budgets, boards of directors, doctoral

investors or venture capitalists.

thesis, teams of engineers, and patent portfolios—

These individuals also became brand names

at all, as the transformation changes “them” to a part of “us.”

Nine years of softer than promised-to-the-

is not organic. Instead it relies on pounding

board sales has taught many important lessons.

before making a single PowerPoint presentation

the market with press releases, blogs, and con-

Viruses are spreading, even to those of us of

at any conference—they did business the old

ference presentations. It’s about being viral and

organic roots. It feels like solid-state has become

fashioned way, organically, from the earth. In

feeding this beast a constant stream of elec-

lighting at last—with more white papers, press

other words, they found a place in the market,

tronic plasma. In other words, it’s about forcing

releases, and technical documents. While there

dug into the ground and planted their ideas;

technology to grow at all costs to build another

are many battles still to be fought, organic and

watered them with late nights and solid work

step toward some promised, board-supported

viral alike, there is a sense of fertility to this

of creating new value. Simple, straightforward

future where everyone cashes out rich. In the

market that has been absent far too long.•

hard work.

last several years, I have seen companies burn

Few of them bothered with patents; many existed before the Internet was even a government secret, at a time when machines on the manufacturing floor were operated by

48 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL

1410SSLOBS.indd 48

more money in a single month than many of the

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

companies I’ve worked with have spent all year.

Kevin Willmorth, a lighting expert and fixture designer,

Once a small specimen in the opportunity-rich petri dish of the lighting universe, solid-state

has been instrumental in helping create a vision and mission statement for Architectural SSL.

www.architecturalssl.com

10/2/14 12:54 PM

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