Midcoast Region 2015

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Volume 24 | Issue 5 | 2015

Maine’s History Magazine

15,000 Circulation

Midcoast Region

Hallowell’s Lilian Vaughan Morgan The lady could do most anything

Kay Aldridge

Camden’s Queen of the Serials

Damariscotta’s Edward Kavanaugh Champion of religious toleration

www.DiscoverMaineMagazine.com facebook.com/discovermaine

Midcoast Region

Inside This Edition

2 3

It Makes No Never Mind James Nalley

4

An Untimely End On Vinalhaven Mysterious death remains unsolved Dave Bumpus

8

Brunswick’s Catherine Palmer Putnam Daughter of Independence Charles Francis

Maine’s History Magazine

Midcoast Region

14 Live Free And Sail The John F. Leavitt story

Charles Francis

Publisher & Editor

21 The Search For Crocker Land The great expedition’s connection to Maine

Charles Francis

Layout & Design

24 The Great Baptist Awakening It swept through Maine in the late 1700s

Dale Potter-Clark 32 The Sinking Of The Emma Jane Captured by Confederate raider in the Indian Ocean

Charles Francis 36 Georgetown’s Walter Reid

The man behind Reid State Park Brian Swartz

40 Augusta And Gardiner Threw Separate Parties In 1949

100 year celebrations

Brian Swartz 44 Hallowell’s Lilian Vaughan Morgan The lady could do most anything Charles Francis 48 Damariscotta’s Edward Kavanaugh Champion of religious toleration

Charles Francis 52 K idnapped!

A true tale of the white man’s treachery

Charles Francis 57 History Of The Town Of South Bristol

Celebrating its 100th anniversary

58 Summers In Waldoboro Many fond memories Shirley Babb

64 Farnsworth Art Museum Celebrates Its 67th Year First director was a torpedoed submarine survivor

Brian Swartz 68 Kay Aldridge Camden’s Queen of the serials

Charles Francis 72 Waldo County Veterans Association

The Civil War was still the rage at Belfast in 1912

Brian Swartz 76 The Forgotten Town Of Perkins

Thousands once visited the resort

Charles Francis 79 Treasure From The Attic

Protecting family heirlooms

Charles Francis 85 A Day In The New State Prison

Convicts were not coddled

Kenneth Smith 88 Jonathan Cilley Sought Revenge For An 1838 Duel

Adapted from Maine At War

Brian Swartz 92 Thorndike’s Alden Blethen

Raise hell and sell newspapers

Lorraine McConaghy

Jim Burch

Liana Merdan

Advertising & Sales Manager Tim Maxfield

Advertising & Sales Dennis Burch Ryan Fish Chris Girouard Tim Maxfield Zack Rouda

Office Manager Liana Merdan

Field Representatives George Tatro Garrett Howell

Contributing Writers

Shirley Babb Dave Bumpus Dale Potter-Clark Charles Francis | fundy67@yahoo.ca Lorraine McConaghy James Nalley Brian Swartz Published Annually by CreMark, Inc. 10 Exchange Street, Suite 208 Portland, Maine 04101 Ph (207) 874-7720 info@discovermainemagazine.com www.discovermainemagazine.com Discover Maine Magazine is distributed to town offices, chambers of commerce, fraternal organizations, barber shops, beauty salons, newsstands, grocery and convenience stores, hardware stores, lumber companies, motels, restaurants and other locations throughout this part of Maine.

NO PART of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from CreMark, Inc. | Copyright © 2015, CreMark, Inc.

SUBSCRIPTION FORM ON PAGES 97

Front Cover Photo:

Highland Ave. Grammar School in Gardiner. Item # LB2007.1.10093 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org All photos in Discover Maine’s Midcoast Region edition show Maine as it used to be, and many are from local citizens who love this part of Maine.

Photos are also provided from our collaboration with the Maine Historical Society and the Penobscot Marine Museum.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com

It Makes No Never Mind

by James Nalley

W

ith the relatively warmer days upon us, Maine’s Midcoast region offers both residents and visitors an opportunity to drive its tree-lined roads, debate which venue sells the best lobster rolls, and visit the quaint towns that dot the rugged coastline and inland parts of Sagadahoc, Lincoln, Waldo & Knox Counties. Amidst these attractions, a common theme that emerges is the one regarding the coast’s shipbuilding industry. In fact, Maine-built schooners sailed from this coast on a daily basis carrying lumber to ports as far as China and the South Pacific. However, back in World War II, the ease of such departures had become limited.

After the U.S. declared war on Germany in December 1941, German submarines arrived and quietly sat off Maine’s coast ready to torpedo any ship that left the area. By June 1942, approximately 200 vessels were sunk by these “silent marauders.” Consequently, the entire coast was patrolled by small- to medium-sized boats or “sub-chasers” and local residents were advised to blacken their windows at night and observe the posted curfews. Meanwhile, underwater minefields were installed throughout areas such as Casco Bay, and manned observation towers

THANK YOU!

(posing as church steeples) were constructed.

Of course, the U.S. Navy managed to quell fears by suppressing any information regarding how close the German submarines actually were.

In this case, the story of USS Eagle 56 was one such example. On April 23, 1945, the USS Eagle 56 exploded amidships and sunk off of Cape Elizabeth with only 13 of its 67-man crew surviving. Despite reports from five survivors that they spotted a dark conning tower with a “red horse on a yellow shield,” the official Navy inquiry concluded that the sinking was due to a “boiler explosion.” In June 1945, Rear Admiral Felix Gygax offered a veiled statement that was so typical of the time (and even now): “There is some evidence to support the conclusion that the explosion was due to a device outside of the ship, the exact nature of which is undetermined.” He ultimately sided with the boiler explosion theory.

In 2001, after an exhaustive investigation by Paul Lawton, a naval historian, and Bernard Cavalcante, a senior archivist at the Naval Historical Center, it was confirmed that the USS Eagle 56 was sunk by U-853. The Navy subsequently reclassified the sinking as a “combat loss” and recommended that Purple Hearts be

posthumously awarded. This admission made it the largest single combat loss in New England waters, and it brought closure for the families related to this overlooked tragedy.

Well, my short time here has come to an end, so let me close with the following, which is an actual October 1995 radio transmission between a U.S. Navy vessel and Canadian authorities: Canadians: “Please divert your course 15 degrees south to avoid collision.”

U.S. Navy: “Recommend YOU divert your course 15 degrees north to avoid collision.”

Canadians: “Negative. Please divert your course 15 degrees south to avoid collision.”

U.S. Navy: “This is the captain of a U.S. Navy ship. I say again, divert YOUR course.” U.S. Navy: “This is the USS Lincoln and we are accompanied by three destroyers, three cruisers, and various support vessels. I DEMAND that you change your course 15 degrees north. Otherwise, countermeasures will be taken to ensure the safety of this ship and its crew.”

Canadians: “Sir. This is a lighthouse...your call.”

In these pages you will see businesses from Maine’s Midcoast Region which take great pride in serving the public, and business owners and employees who also take pride in being Mainers.

A complete index of these advertisers is located on the inside back cover of this issue. Without their support, we could not produce this publication each year. Please support them!

A Special Thanks To The Following:

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4

An Untimely End On Vinalhaven Mysterious death remains unsolved

by Dave Bumpus

T

he sun tried desperately to claw through the overcast sky on a fall day in Rockland in 1972. A slight breeze sent dirt swirling into the air in a small cemetery, as the body of a young girl was lowered into the ground.

The inscription on her tombstone reads, simply: ‘Unknown.’ She was not native to Maine; who she was, is as big a mystery as why she was even in Rockland.

Eleven days earlier, on the island of Vinalhaven, two local women noticed what they thought was a girl sunbathing on the beach. But when they tried to get her attention, the girl didn’t respond. Upon closer inspection, they realized that the girl was dead. They contacted authorities, who removed her

body and brought it in for an autopsy; a report that would also be inconclusive.

She had most definitely drowned, but had further injuries as well. Her knuckles were torn, she had a cracked rib and bruising. There was a small amount of alcohol found in her system.

She was fully clothed and there was no sign of a sexual assault.

However, she lacked any sort of identification. Sketches were made and distributed to see if anyone locally knew who she was. She was recognized by a worker at the Navigator Motel, where she had signed in under the name ‘Linda Bowan.’ An extensive search of Knox County into that name yielded no results. The girl had been seen by locals

in Rockland carrying a red purse and she was observed boarding the ferry for Vinalhaven. However, when investigators entered the room she was renting at the Navigator, the only thing they found was a trash can containing poetry. None of the girl’s things were there, once again eliminating any means of identification.

The case was at a standstill. So far, the only details were that this young woman, described as being “twenty or so,” had visited Knox County, she had travelled by ferry over to Vinalhaven and was discovered lifeless on the beach a few days later. There was an empty wine bottle and two empty beer cans found nearby, along with a newly

5

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com purchased “Down East” jacket that had been placed under a tree. Approximately two weeks after her arrival in Knox County, she was buried in Rockland.

The cause of death on her autopsy report said ‘suicide’ with an ominous ‘?’ beside it.

Following the burial of the mysterious girl with the red purse, questions arose surrounding her death. Besides no one knowing who she was, there were glaring insufficiencies in the events themselves. Her death had been ruled a suicide, but that could not explain her injuries. Some concluded that they were the cause of a fall, perhaps off the small rocky cliffs that surround Vinalhaven’s coastline. Others suspected that foul play was involved. The latter theory was supported by the fact that her belongings had disappeared without a trace, including her trademark red purse.

It would be October before any answers were reached. A couple living in

London had seen the sketches released to the press and flown in to examine photographs of the body. They confirmed that the girl was their daughter, and her name was Bella. Bella Baldwin. Dental records would confirm their claims. She was described as an introvert, living in Annapolis, Maryland at the time. She loved writing poetry and did so any chance she got. Her parents had pressured her to study art in London, but Bella was a free spirit and hadn’t yet figured out a clear path for her life. According to a letter she had written to a friend while on her journey, she found what she was looking for: ‘I rock-walked around the right tip of the island… I wanted to take a running leap and fly 100 ft. through the air and land flat on the ground and the huge fields… it was so beautiful!’

These hardly sounded like the words of a girl who was about to commit suicide. They sounded more like the words of a girl who was basking in the beauty

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that is the Maine coastline. According to family members, Bella didn’t drink much, and when she did, she drank wine. So what about the empty beer containers found near her body? They were sent in for fingerprinting but the results were either never made public, or they were altogether inconclusive.

And what of the bruising and cracked rib that she sustained? Yes, these could have been from a fall, but the area where the body was discovered did not support that theory. According to many locals, her body would have capsized in the tide, causing her to wash up in anything but a relaxed, sunbathing pose.

And of course, there were the missing items, both from her motel room and from her person. She was never seen without that red purse and, according to records, the police never tried looking for it. Some people from Knox county combed the area, but the purse was never recovered. The more details

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emerged, the more it looked like someone was hiding something.

But the case went cold. No one wanted to step forward if they did indeed know anything. Small allegations popped up here and there revolving around the community’s tightly knit lobster fishing industry, but nothing came to fruition. The case has since been reopened.

No one can be sure what brought young Bella Baldwin to Rockland. Be it her free wandering nature, or Rockland’s breathtaking scenery, or perhaps a little bit of both. No one can be sure what transpired that led to her permanent stay. Somewhere out there, though, there is a little red purse that may have the answers.

In Seaview Cemetery on the coast of Maine, there was briefly a grave with a tombstone that only said ‘Unknown.’

As answers emerged, a name was put

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to the face, tragically too late to save her life. Bella’s stone now has her full name, date of birth, date of death and is underlined by a line from one of her poems: ‘I catch the sunlight in my fingertips.’ * Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

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8

Brunswick’s Catherine Palmer Putnam

by Charles Francis

Daughter of Independence

C

atherine Palmer and Henry Putnam wed September 13, 1807. The marriage took place in Roxbury, Massachusetts. Henry, a Harvard-educated lawyer, lived in Roxbury. Catherine’s home was with her much older sister Eliza in Salem.

The new couple’s first child, named for the father, came along a year after the marriage. Sadly, young Henry didn’t make it to his teen years. He died in 1815 in Brunswick, Maine.

The death of children back then was expected. The passing of a child was mourned and then families got on with their everyday affairs. Catherine Palmer and Henry Putnam lost other children, one who reached the age of seventeen. They would have but one

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child that outlived them. That was George Palmer Putnam. George was born in his parents’ home in Brunswick. He is famous as the founder of G. P. Putnam & Sons, publishers.

Catherine Palmer was sixteen when she married. Henry Putnam was some ten months shy of his thirtieth birthday.

Even with the age difference the marriage would appear, as they say, made in Heaven. At least it would appear that way on the surface.

There are no pictures of the young Catherine Palmer Putnam. By all accounts, however, she was a striking woman, a beautiful woman. The women of her mother’s family, the Hunts of Watertown, Massachusetts, were noted

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for their beauty. They were also noted for their lack of education. The only exception to this latter condition would seem to have been Catherine’s mother, Elizabeth “Betsy” Hunt Palmer, wife of Joseph Pearse Palmer.

Joseph Palmer came from a family that valued education. He was a Harvard graduate. In order that Elizabeth Hunt be accepted into the ranks of the Palmer family, Joseph saw to Elizabeth’s education, providing her with instruction and books. Elizabeth in turn saw to the education of her children, at least some of them. Catherine Palmer gained her education thanks to her older sister, Elizabeth, the aforementioned Eliza. Eliza Palmer ran a school in Sa-

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com lem. Her little sister was one of her students, one of the best.

It was a good thing Catherine Palmer Putnam was able to attend her sister’s school. Due to her husband’s poor heath – he died in 1822 – the support of the Putnam family fell largely on her shoulders. Catherine supported the family by opening a school in Brunswick. The family had moved there because Henry Putnam felt he would do better in a community of smaller size than Boston. He failed as a big city lawyer.

Catherine Palmer and Henry Putnam may both be called children of independence. The term is used here to mean they were children of the Revolution.

The term also has a number of underlying implications, including personal independence as well as that of the more general political and economic variety.

Henry Putnam never achieved true personal independence. He was dependent upon his wife for most of their Office of

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life together. As for Catherine Palmer Putnam, her independence was of the hard-won variety.

Henry Putnam had a connection to one of the great figures of the Revolution; Catherine Palmer was similarly connected. Henry was a nephew of General Israel Putnam. Catherine was a granddaughter of General Joseph Palmer. The Putnam and Palmer families’ place in society and history had nothing to do with the marriage of Henry and Catherine, though. Henry was a struggling attorney when the couple married. Catherine’s father had died destitute when she was but a year old.

That’s why she was living with her sister at the time of her marriage. Eliza Palmer raised her.

It has often been said that poverty is a great leveler. The lives of Henry and Catherine Palmer Putnam stand in testimony to the truth of the metaphor, especially that of Catherine.

Before the Revolution General Joseph Palmer had been a wealthy and socially prominent figure of the Boston area. He hobnobbed with the likes of John Hancock and the Adamses, who were regular dinner guests at the Palmer table. General Palmer gave of his fortune to the Patriot cause without stint. His son, Catherine’s father, never recouped the family losses. At one time a dynamic figure who took part in the Boston Tea Party, Joseph Pearse Palmer may have committed suicide by jumping off a bridge. He left six children for his wife to care for. Catherine was the youngest.

Henry and Catherine Palmer Putnam were born and brought up in a new country. They were children of a revolution that besides severing ties with Britain broke down an old order and allowed for the creation of a new one.

Where the old order had been dominated by religion, the new one was a place (continued on page 10)

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for the exchange of ideas. Where the old order had been male-dominated, now women could enter the workplace with more than a limited degree of ease. They could even have their own business. Though there were no women doctors or lawyers, women could operate shops, open and run schools, and even converse with men on topics of the day as intellectual equals. While many women still looked to marriage as a means of social mobility, no longer was marriage a prime goal for all. In fact, it was viewed as a prime obstacle by some, a fate to be avoided for its constrictions.

We do not know Catherine Palmer’s thinking at the time of her marriage. It could very well be that she saw a union with Henry Putnam as a means for escaping the genteel poverty of her childhood adolescent years. Regardless, as Catherine Palmer Putnam she took advantage of every means available to her

as a daughter of independence to provide for her family when her husband proved unable to do so.

There is scant evidence of Henry Putnam doing much in the way of conducting a legal practice in Brunswick beyond being recognized as a member of the Maine Bar. According to his grandson George H. Putnam, he did little in Brunswick and “was probably not important.” Catherine Palmer Putnam, however, opened and ran a school in Brunswick for sixteen years.

It was a coeducational school, the first in the town. Late in his life George Palmer Putnam spoke of his other’s accomplishments with pride. He also described his mother as something of a radical, a woman who was willing to break with the social strictures of the day.

Catherine Palmer was brought up in the Congregational church. When she moved to Brunswick, Catherine be-

came a Baptist, a member of the town’s First Baptist Church.

Catherine Palmer Putnam was a devout Christian. She was also an avid reader. Some of her reading included the thoughts and ideas found in Swedenborgianism. Though she never became a Swedenborgian, she would seem to have absorbed some of that sects teaching, and applied them to her particular Baptist faith.

Catherine Palmer Putnam was one of the leaders of a secession movement from the Brunswick First Baptist Church. That movement established the community’s Second Baptist Church. In the early 1850s George Palmer Putnam published two volumes of his mother’s works. They were commentaries on the Old Testament.

A good deal of extensive research exists on and has been written of various members of the Palmer and Putnam families. Nothing of any great

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note, however, has been done as of this writing on the life of Catherine Palmer Putnam of Brunswick. She was a remarkable woman, a true daughter of independence, a daughter of the Revolution. Perhaps it is time that an in-depth study be done of her. * Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

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Early view of Pond Island Lighthouse near Popham Beach. It was built in 1821 and rebuilt in 1855. Item # LB2005.24.6404 from the Boutilier Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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13

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B

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14

Live Free And Sail

by Charles Francis

L

The John F. Leavitt story

ive free and sail, a twist on the “Live Free or Die” we are all familiar with from New Hampshire license plates, may just serve as an underlying theme to John F. Leavitt’s 1970 book Wake of the Coasters. However, if you think this is pushing things a bit, there is always the tale of Ned Ackerman’s schooner, the John F. Leavitt. New Hampshire-born Ackerman had his schooner built in a Thomaston shipyard in the late 1970s. Ackerman’s motivation would seem to have been a desire to escape the intense publish or perish of life of academia as captain of a working freighter powered by the winds.

John F. Leavitt – the man not the

schooner – was an assistant curator of the Mystic Seaport museum in Connecticut. His chief area of interest was preserving the lore of the coasting schooner in print and on canvas. As a young man, Leavitt crewed on the schooner Alice S. Wentworth when she worked the Gulf of Maine carrying coal, lumber and other downeast cargoes. That was back at the tail-end of the schooner era.

Leavitt’s love of the traditional Maine vessel led to his writing of the schooner era and becoming a master marine painter. He had a one-man showing of his art at Rockland’s Farnsworth Museum. Today his paintings are a prized possession of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts.

John F. Leavitt’s birthplace says something as to how he came by his love of the schooner and sailing vessels in general. Leavitt didn’t have a hometown. This isn’t all that much an oddity for someone with salt water in his veins. John France Leavitt was born at sea in 1905 on a sailing ship. That date makes Leavitt one of the very last individuals to have been born on a working sailing vessel. You have to go back a couple of decades to find a time when it was a commonplace for captains to take their wives with them when they left their home ports.

Time magazine did a piece on the launching of the John F. Leavitt. The magazine article’s hook was that the

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15

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com construction of the Leavitt was very much a ‘Maine’ thing. The article was titled In Maine: A Bold Launching Into The Past. One can’t help but sense something of a ‘put down’ in the title, something like Mainers don’t look to the future. But then, Ned Ackerman was from New Hampshire. Even with Ackerman though, the Time scribe played up a rustic side. Ackerman was broad-shouldered and spoke with a decided twang. How else do you portray someone who gives up the study of Middle English literature at the Ivy League University of Pennsylvania to become a freight-handler?

The schooner is the heart of the story of John F. Leavitt — both man and namesake vessel. However, schooner lore and history is a mixed bag. It is sometimes confused and often complex. At least that is how some reviewers and historians have found it. For example, a 2003 review of Leavitt’s Wake of the Coasters written by Da-

vid Kew, says “Maritime writers make a big deal out of small rig differences, but don’t explain them or discuss reasons.” Howard I. Chapelle, the dean of historians of sail, summarized the matter when he wrote of the history of the U.S. sailing Navy. Chapelle noted, “there are no good records of America’s sailing navy as there are of steam men-of-war.” Sailing records are scattered all over — in “institutions, private hands or buried in government files.”

The era of the working schooner followed that of the graceful, ocean-going clipper. Schooners had less dead rise than clippers. They were broader. Schooners were good at beating and reaching. Most were two-masted, though the Wiscasset-built Governor Ames was a five-master. The steelhulled Thomas W. Lawson was seven-masted. In essence, schooners were bulk carriers, they were coasters. Their unifying characteristics are the fore and aft rig. Howard I. Chapelle describes

(continued on page 16) Visit Maine’s premier historic two-foot narrow gauge railroad museum operating on the original right-of-way.

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the coasting schooner and her rig as follows: The fore-and-aft rig came to be preferred for coasting vessels for several reasons. Fewer sailors were required to handle the vessel, and a schooner could be worked into and out of harbors and rivers more easily than any squarerigged craft. Her trips could also, as a rule, be made in quicker time, as she could sail close into the wind, and it was hardly necessary for her to sail from Maine to New York by way of the Bermudas, as some square-rigged vessels have done during baffling winds.

John Leavitt was passionate about schooners. You can see that passion in his paintings. It comes across in his writing, which one may perhaps take as a sort of schooner epitaph. “There was a time when spars and rigging made a commonplace pattern against the Maine sky…”

The schooner has been called the

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Midcoast Region

16 (continued from page 15)

utility vehicle and the freight-liner of its day. The comparison here is to the pickup, the eighteen-wheeler and everything in between. Though some may view the comparison as noxious – given the cost of gas and diesel fuel today – it is probably apt. The schooner was ‘the’ means of coastal transportation in a day when roads were seasonal and railroads often as not failed to connect coastal hamlets and villages to the nation as a whole. Schooners delivered the products of Maine farms, forests, shores and industry. They carried lumber, ice, granite, and lime. Each cargo had a particular type of schooner.

The lumber schooner was notoriously green. Staying afloat wasn’t a problem, because the cargo kept the vessel afloat.

Limers had to be tight — fire was the problem here. Rivers called for smaller vessels, ones that could sit on the bottom at low tide. For long voyages there was the topsail-rigged schooner.

The schooner era ended with World War II, or just after. Better roads and revitalized automotive industry ended it. Ned Ackerman thought otherwise, though. The 1970s saw gas top ninety cents a gallon. Wind was free. That’s part of the reason the John F. Leavitt sailed down the St. George River in the fall of 1979.

The John F. Leavitt sank on her maiden voyage. She sank in a storm off Long Island in December. Her crew was air-lifted to safety by rescue helicopter. To this day there are those who say the Leavitt was jinxed from the getgo.

Ned Ackerman recruited John F. Leavitt’s widow, Virginia to christen her husband’s namesake. When she broke the bottle of champagne over the bow the contents sprayed back over her.

Nevertheless, those present cheered the launching of the first Maine schooner to be built in some forty years. Then

the Leavitt ran aground before she left the St. George River. She had to sit out low tide.

The John F. Leavitt had a contract to carry building materials from Quincy, Massachusetts to Haiti. Ned Ackerman had underbid all competition. The cargo was loaded in good time. But the Leavitt lost a crewman. He was injured in a freak accident climbing a fence.

The Leavitt was a small vessel, 97 feet and 83 tons. December is late in the season to set sail on a long Atlantic voyage in a relatively small sailing vessel. At least some say so now, in hindsight. Some 300 miles off Long Island the Leavitt encountered heavy seas and twenty foot waves. The cargo broke free of its lashing. On December 27, Ackerman radioed for help. Captain and crew were saved but not the Leavitt.

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Midcoast Region

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Tourists at Maple Manor on Western Ave. in Augusta (Route 3.) Item # LB2007.1.104061 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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MaY 23 - OCtObER 18, 2015

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Cousins Island, ca. 1890. Horace Woodman Shaylor Jr., known as “Wood,” lies in the grass in the center in this photograph taken at Cousins Island. From left are Harry Pearson, Fred Hamblen, Maud Clark, Dolly Neal, Kate Wade and Bert Dunbar.

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21

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The Search For Crocker Land The great expedition’s connection to Maine

by Charles Francis

E

arly in the morning of April 21, 1913, Ensign Fitzhugh Green left the igloo where members of the Donald MacMillan Crocker Land Expedition had just spent the night.

Just minutes later, Green came running back, calling out, “We have it!”

“It” meant Crocker Land, the mysterious Arctic land mass Robert Peary reported seeing in 1906. Peary had thought Crocker Land a possible continent. In 1906, the area Peary assigned to Crocker Land was virtually unexplored. The only corroborating evidence for the existence of Crocker Land was Eskimo legend and myth.

Peary placed Crocker Land some 120 miles west of a hill on Grant Land

Donald MacMillan was a fitting leader for the Crocker Land Expedition. He was a member of Peary’s 1908-1909 expedition that is accorded the distinction of having been the first to reach the North Pole. MacMillan, however, was not a member of the party which made the final dash, having nearly frozen his feet by falling in the water. The mishap kept him at one of the temporary way-stations.

In 1911-1912, MacMillan led his first expedition to the far North. Its goal was the study of the Inuit natives of Labrador. Then, between 1913 and 1917, MacMillan headed up the Crocker Land Expedition. The purpose of the

on northern Ellsmere Island. However, Peary’s report was accepted neither by oceanographers nor by scientific societies of the day. Suddenly Crocker Land was one of the greatest mysteries in Arctic history. That was why the American Museum of Natural History put up $6000 to fund MacMillan’s Crocker Land Expedition.

Donald MacMillan is recognized as one of the greatest explorers of the twentieth century. The Peary-MacMillan Museum at Bowdoin College serves as a permanent memorial of his and Robert E. Peary’s accomplishments in the Arctic. Because of the two explorers, Bowdoin’s mascot is the Polar Bear.

(continued on page 22)

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Midcoast Region

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expedition was to determine whether or not the land mass Robert Peary postulated as existing somewhere in the general area west of northern Greenland and Ellsmere Island actually existed.

In part, because of the MacMillan expedition, Crocker Land would come to be viewed as the greatest mirage on record.

One of the mandates of MacMillan’s 1913-17 expedition was to reach, map the coastline, and explore the interior of what Commodore Robert Peary had named Crocker Land. Donald MacMillan continued to believe Crocker Land existed even though he was unable to locate it in the time allotted. It would not be until some thirty years after Peary first named the mysterious land that the myth would finally be put to rest.

The following is Donald MacMillan’s contribution to the story of the world’s greatest mirage. The rendition is what happened after Ensign Green

jubilantly announced “We have it!” It comes from MacMillan’s Four Years in the White North lecture and his entry in his diary for April 21, 1913.

Following Green, we ran to the top of the highest mound. There could be no doubt about it. Great heavens! What a land! Hills, valleys, snow-capped peaks extending through at least one hundred and twenty degrees of the horizon. I turned to Pee-Ah-Wah-To anxiously and asked him toward which point we had better lay our course. After critically examining the supposed landfall for a few minutes, he astounded me by replying that he thought it was poo-jok (mist).

E-Took-A Shoo offered no encouragement, saying; ‘Perhaps it is.’

Green was still convinced that it must be land.

Yet, as the MacMillan party proceeded they found that the landscape before them gradually changed its appearance as the sun swung on its Arctic

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23

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com course only for the vision to disappear altogether.

Some thought the MacMillan expedition’s Crocker Land vision was brought about by hopefulness. One perhaps influenced by an Arctic night lasting 130 days. After all, when the expedition had its first contact with the outside world in 1917 — it came from ship Captain Robert Bartlett, Peary’s expedition captain — MacMillan had to ask who was the U.S. president.

Bartlett also told MacMillan that the U.S. was now at war.

Robert Peary and Donald MacMillan provide the two most reliable descriptions of the Crocker Land mirage. What they saw was the result of a temperature boundary between layers of air of different temperatures. The most common example is that of the reflection of the sky of a hot air layer at ground level. Drivers often experience the phenomena during summer on black asphalt roads.

The mystery of Crocker Land was finally put to rest by the MacGregor Arctic Expedition of 1937-38. The expedition determined there was no Crocker Land.

Crocker Land still, however, goes down in the record books as the greatest mirage of all time.

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Midcoast Region

24

The Great Baptist Awakening It swept through Maine in the late 1700s

by Dale Potter-Clark

J

ames Potter was an early Baptist missionary from Topsham and Bowdoin (Potterstown) who traveled throughout the central district of Maine starting in the early 1780s. He traveled through towns in Lincoln, Kennebec, Androscoggin and Oxford Counties to preach and perform baptisms before there were established churches.

Potter was born in Topsham in 1734 and married Mary Martha Spear, a Brunswick native. The couple moved to Bowdoin during the Revolutionary War. Bowdoin, at this time, was actually called Potterstown. Potter served in the Bagaduce Expedition, acting as Lieutenant under Captain Hinkley. By then he and Mary had nine children.

There were no Baptist ministers

east of York County then. In 1782 Pastor Nathaniel Lord of Wells preached in Bowdoin while on his way to hold religious services on the islands of the Kennebec River. A revival had been in progress for several months and James Potter was among those who attended — even though he was a member of the Congregational Church in Harpswell. After hearing Pastor Lord’s sermon and closely studying the scriptures, Potter realized that he agreed with the Baptist doctrine.

Potter did not withdraw from the Congregational Church right away, though. He made a point of taking in Pastor Lord’s preaching twice more, and afterwards wrote “…I then believed by what I had heard that I was

a Baptist... I considered myself unbaptized, and all others who were not baptized by immersion upon a profession of faith.” His friends tried to convince him otherwise, but James Potter would not be swayed.” He was forty-eight years old at the time, a prosperous farmer and man of influence. His conversion made a deep impression on the people of Bowdoin.

Potter was eager to have others feel the deep level of faith he had found, so he visited his friends and neighbors and urged them to convert. His visitations led to a powerful revival. Potter went on to preach in other towns. He spent a week in Litchfield and raised great religious interest, and following (continued on page 26)

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Elder Potter died March 22, 1815 and was buried in South Cemetery. Elder Potter’s gravestone reads in part: Elder James Potter — for 23 years Pastor of the First Baptist Church in Bowdoin. (photo courtesy of Potter-Clark)

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26 (continued from page 24)

that he did the same in the southeast part of Brunswick. He moved on to Bowdoinham and visited door to door where forty people professed a change, and on to Pownalbourough where he received a similar response. He rode on and on through Lincoln, Kennebec, Androscoggin and Oxford Counties.

He wrote that everywhere he went large numbers attended.

People who knew about him thought it strange that Potter, who had been a successful businessman and farmer, would leave that prosperity to become a preacher. Congregational clergy anxiously spoke with him in hopes they would understand what made him tick.

They asked if he considered what he did as preaching. Potter’s response was “I deliver what was given to me and leave it up to those who heard me to call it what they please.” One clergy asked him why he did not perform mir-

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In the autumn of 1782, when Elder Potter and Pastor Lord were in the midst of very successful missionary work throughout the Brunswick area and lower Kennebec, Mr. Job Macomber moved from Marlborough, Massachusetts to the District of Maine. Macomber was the son of a Congregational minister and a chaplain in the Revolutionary War. After the War he was converted to the Baptist religion in Marlborough by Rev. Isaac Backus. Backus was much admired throughout New England for his preaching abilities and for his stand on separation of church and state. He was also Rev. Isaac Case’s mentor. In

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no time, Macomber became aware of the great Baptist awakening that was taking place there and was soon drawn to Bowdoinham, where he met Elder James Potter for the first time. In his conversation with Potter he realized the extraordinary work that was being done

by Nathaniel Lord and James Potter.

Macomber also became aware, from what Potter told him that there was a great need for more able missionaries to spread the word throughout the District of Maine. Macomber wrote to Backus to tell of the status in Maine.

Backus and Case conferred, and Rev. Isaac Case decided to reach eastward.

By October 21, 1783 Case found his way to Maine. His first stop was near Brunswick where, at New Meadows, he met James Potter. Potter and Case immediately teamed up and led a revival on Sebascodegan Island, Harpswell.

Case finished out his first year there in

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com the general area of Bath and Bowdoinham, near Elder Potter. They worked together and became friends that led to future collaborations. Case also met up with Nathaniel Lord, Job Macomber, and later on, Elisha Snow of Thomaston. These five men made tremendous strides in baptizing and bringing people into the Baptist faith and helping to establish churches throughout Maine and eastern Canada.

Rev. James Potter was present with Case and other ministers at the Bowdoinham Association meeting held at the Brunswick Meetinghouse five years later. Rev. Potter was still an effective evangelist, for it was reported that he’d been blessed “with an extensive revival that year.” Elder James Potter continued to serve the Baptist ministry until his death in 1815.

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The Sinking Of The Emma Jane Captured by Confederate raider in the Indian Ocean

by Charles Francis

T

he London Shipping Gazette of February 16, 1864 carried the following terse statement: The Confederate steamer Alabama is off the west coast of India. She has burned the ship Emma, of New York.

The Shipping Gazette had some of its facts correct. The Confederate raider Alabama did burn a vessel off India bearing the name Emma. Emma wasn’t the complete name of the ship, though, and she wasn’t from New York. The Emma was the Emma Jane of Bath.

The Alabama is the most famous Confederate raider. She burned sixty-five (some sources say sixty-nine) Union vessels of various types, most of them merchant shops. She was com-

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manded by Raphael Semmes. You can find a number of statements to the effect that Captain Semmes and his crew treated those abroad the vessels they sank with decorum and courtesy. One authority states “During all of Alabama’s raiding ventures, captured ships’ crews and passengers were never harmed, only detained until they could be placed aboard a neutral ship or placed ashore in a friendly or neutral port.” The treatment of those on board the Emma Jane does not bear this out. This is especially telling as there was a woman on the Emma Jane, the captain’s wife.

Francis C. Jordan was the captain of the Emma Jane. Those who know the Bowdoin College campus may recog-

nize the name. The President’s house, a domicile in the grand Italianate style, was once familiarly known as the Francis C. Jordan House. Jordan built the Federal Street mansion for his wife, Lydia, in 1860.

Before going into the sinking of the Emma Jane and the treatment of those aboard her, it is necessary to make a few observations.

The actions of the Confederates who sank the Emma Jane can only be regarded as despicable. Raphael Semmes has gone down in southern annals of history as an officer and a gentleman. His behavior in regard to the Emma Jane and those of his crew would best be described as piracy. Semmes allowed

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com his men to run wild on the Emma Jane, destroying private property in a manner that can only be described as wanton.

The Alabama was a state-of-theart warship. She was built and commissioned with the specific purpose of causing as much difficulty for the Union cause as possible. Her captain was a former U.S. Navy officer with a good record. Given these points, one is forced to ask what was the Alabama doing in the Indian Ocean? Just how much havoc could Semmes and his ship have caused the Union on the other side of the globe? The best answers may be none other that Semmes was more interested in lining his pockets than in supporting the Confederacy. This is borne out with his pursuit of the Emma Jane and subsequent treatment of her.

The Emma Jane was a relatively small vessel, 1096 tons burden. She was largely family-owned and run.

She was in the Far East to sell a load of coal, a portion of which was unloaded

at Singapore, the rest in Bombay. She was captured January 14, 1864.

When the Alabama took the Emma Jane, the latter ship was in ballast, she had no cargo. It seems clear that Captain Semmes was aware that the Emma Jane carried no cargo. The Alabama had stopped in Singapore where it had seized and carried away some of the coal that Jordan had left there. It then sailed on after the Emma Jane.

So why did Captain Semmes want the Emma Jane? The ship was carrying nothing that would aid the Union cause. Sinking the Emma Jane was a waste of time in the general scheme of things relating to the war. What did Semmes want? The answer has to be cash. Francis Jordan had sold the Emma Jane’s cargo for some $20,000.

While in Bombay, Jordan learned that the Alabama was on his tail, that in Singapore one of the raider’s officers had asked after the Emma Jane’s next port-of-call. In response to the threat,

Captain Jordan took what he thought to be deceptive maneuvers. Instead of hugging the Malabar coast, the most common route, he sailed well out to sea. Jordan’s precautions were to no avail, however. The Alabama, flying an American flag, showed up off the Emma Jane one fine January morning. Jordan thought the vessel that of a countryman until she fired a warning shot. Realizing what was in the offing, he then told his wife to gather her most prized possessions.

Captain Jordan was summarily ordered on board the Alabama. There he was told he had twenty minutes to get his wife and crew off the Emma Jane.

Raphael Semmes allowed the Jordans one trunk. Members of the crew were allowed a single duffel bag.

As stated above, Raphael Semmes’ reason for pursuing the Emma Jane was money. Francis Jordan, however, had wisely sent the proceeds from the (continued on page 34)

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sale of his coal home by other means.

Raphael Semmes took out his disappointment over this fact on the Emma Jane and her officers, crew and Lydia Jordan.

The crew of the Alabama, almost to a man, were let loose on the Emma Jane. They plundered and destroyed at will, drinking all the liquor in the ship’s store. They even went so far as to dress themselves in Lydia Jordan’s clothes, smash her china and hack her treasured parlor organ – which had previously been used only for Sunday hymns – into kindling. That kindling, along with the rest of the Jordan furniture, was used to fire the Emma Jane.

The final part of the tale of the sinking of the Emma Jane involves Raphael Semmes treatment of her crew and the Jordans. They weren’t taken to the nearest friendly port. Nor were they transferred to a neutral vessel. They were left stranded on the nearest des-

olate, barren shore. They were marooned. Fortunately, however, friendly natives volunteered to row them to the nearest port, a distance of 150 miles.

The story of the destruction of the Alabama is well-known. She was sunk by the Kearsarge. Raphael Semmes went on to fight under Robert E. Lee. He was subsequently tried for treason.

Eventually he became a professor of philosophy and literature at a college in Louisiana.

As for Francis and Lydia Jordan, the couple lived out their lives in Brunswick. The Columbian Insurance Company reimbursed the owners of the Emma Jane $20,000. Francis Jordan twice represented Brunswick in the Maine State Legislature, in 1875 and 1876.

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Georgetown’s Walter Reid The man behind Reid State Park

by Brian Swartz

D

espite the similar pronunciation, he did not leave his name on a Washington, D.C. hospital — but the generous gift that Maine’s Walter Reid left to the state led to a new bridge between Arrowsic and Woolwich — and a fantastic place to relax on a hot summer’s day.

A Maine native, Walter E. Reid spent much of his life involved with the trucking industry; by 1946 Reid served on the Mack Trucks Inc. board of directors. Comfortably set for the remainder of his life, Reid looked for ways to philanthropically benefit both Georgetown, the Kennebec River town where he lived, and Maine.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com Georgetown’s Sheepscot Bay shore.

Largely undeveloped in the 1940s, the long isolated shore — a mixture of sand beaches and dunes, granite headlands, spruce-fir forests, and rocky outcroppings — offered an out-of-the-way location where the Navy could moor a barge just offshore and let many military aviators flying aircraft from Brunswick Naval Air Station practice their bombing and strafing in isolation.

Reid lived not far away — and well beyond the shooting range. Mack Truck and other heavy truck manufacturers had done well during World War II by building mechanized military equipment. Now in his late 70s, Reid realized that he did not need all his acreage in Georgetown.

Anticipating that federal funding would be available, the Maine State Parks Commission had filed a “wishlist” report with the National Park Service in 1940. Listing various types of properties that the state wanted to ac-

quire for state parks, the report mentioned buying some oceanfront sand beaches and opening them to the public.

Better known for a rock-bound coast than Outer Banks-type beaches, Maine had a limited inventory of beachfront property available. Unfortunately, a shooting war eliminated federal monies for Maine beach acquisition, and the idea went onto a bureaucratic backburner in December 1941.

By early 1946, returning American veterans sought education and employment and ways to unwind after saving the world for democracy. Walter E. Reid approached state officials about donating 766 acres along Sheepscot Bay in Georgetown; the land included that geological rarity of rarities east of Cape Elizabeth: sand beaches!

State officials took up Reid’s generous offer, which encompassed land that would almost meet the classification of “wilderness” today. Facing to the east

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and southeast, the shore was exposed during bad coastal storms; the lack of available and safe mooring sites had inhibited development related to fishing, and lack of easy access to the Maine “mainland” had kept tourists away.

The Maine State Parks Commission moved quickly to develop a state park encompassing Reid’s donated land. A landscape architect, Myron Lamb, detailed on paper and on site where parking lots, picnic areas, and trails should go, and work crews spent the next few years building what would be named Reid State Park.

Lamb was highly respected in Maine for his attention-to-detail landscape designs. In 1926 he had created a Colonial Revival landscape for the Longfellow Garden developed that year behind the Longfellow House in Portland. In 1952, Lamb would help prepare development plans for Riverside Cemetery in Cape Elizabeth.

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To access Reid State Park for its official opening in 1949, the state had contracted the construction of a new paved road — measuring more than 3 miles in length — across Georgetown Island. There still remained the matter of giving tourists easier access to Arrowsic and Georgetown; although not flush with cash, Maine State Highway Commission officials funded the construction of a new bridge spanning the Sasanoa River between Woolwich and Arrowsic Island.

Routine maintenance has kept that bridge (across which Route 127 traffic flows) standing to this day.

By summer 1951, visitors could park south of the Reid State Park entrance station and walk to East Beach and Griffith Head, beyond which Mile Beach stretched away to the south.

The tidal basin draining the wetlands “behind” Griffith Head also provided a safe swimming area known as “The

Lagoon.”

That summer, a contractor built an approximately mile-long road south between Mile Beach and Little River, a north-south flowage draining higher land west of the park. The road accessed a new parking lot at Todd’s Point; from this parking lot, visitors could reach Half Mile Beach, until then only accessible by a long walk from the parking lot at Griffith Head.

The first Maine state park with an oceanfront beach, Reid State Park has grown to 1,776 acres. About as far from Route 1 as is Popham Beach State Park in nearby Phippsburg, Reid State Park offers visitors a more diverse terrain and different views. Lighthouses are visible from both parks, and some lighthouse fans schedule stops at each park during a day trip.

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As for Walter E. Reid, when he died at age 85 in late May 1955, the New York Times extolled him in an obituary headline as a “Maine Financier” who “Gave Park to His Native State.”

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Augusta And Gardiner Threw Separate Parties In 1949

by Brian Swartz

100 Year Celebrations

P

arty-goers certainly enjoyed a good time in midsummer 1949 as Augusta and Gardiner residents threw separate celebrations in honor of similar accomplishments.

In the state capital, the Augusta Century Days Committee held a fourday wingding highlighting Augusta’s centennial as an official city. In Gardiner (located just three municipalities south on the Kennebec River), local boosters tossed a week-long bash billed by a Portland Press Herald reporter as “the biggest program ever offered by the city in its history” — and all because Gardiner, too, had

officially been a city for 100 years.

Recorded history in the lower Kennebec River Valley dates to the 17th century, when Pilgrims from Massachusetts established a trading post at Cushnoc, the site of future Augusta.

The region remained relatively dormant until Massachusetts officials blocked French access to the Maine coast via the Kennebec River by building Fort Halifax in 1754; one blockhouse still stands in modern Winslow.

The same Massachusetts expedition constructed Fort Western in Cushnoc that summer. Seventeen years later, the Massachusetts General Court estab-

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lished the Town of Hallowell; although the town’s population was concentrated on the Kennebec’s west bank downriver from Fort Western, the borders of Hallowell included Cushnoc.

Displaying the self-governance desire that Mainers exhibit to this day, settlers living around the fort petitioned the Massachusetts General Court to spin off their section of Hallowell as a separate town. Legally established in February 1797, the Town of Harrington switched its name to Augusta several months later and went into history as the Maine state capital in 1827 and as an official city in 1849.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com Like Augusta, Gardiner once fell within another town, in this case Pittston on the Kennebec’s east bank. Economic activity spurred greater growth along the west bank, however; like their neighbors in Cushnoc, local residents sought their own town, and the Massachusetts General Court established the Town of Gardiner on February 17, 1803.

Gardiner prospered through the mid-19th century. Seeking to boost their municipality’s well-earned prestige, local officials successfully petitioned the state to let Gardiner become a city in 1849.

So a century later, Augusta and Gardiner boosters had much to celebrate — and what better time is there to party in Maine than during the summer?

Augusta backers kicked off their city’s birthday bash on Thursday, July 21. Festivities that day and next included “a clown frolic” and “open-air acts,”

according to the Press Herald.

Nine young women vied for the crown and title of “Century Days Queen,” and the beauty pageant garnered almost as much newspaper ink as any other Augusta centennial-related event. Drawn from the cream of local society, judges like Maine adjutant general George Carter, dance teacher Devina Mudge, Kennebec Journal society editor Ruth Henderson, and attorney James Reid interviewed the contestants and judged them “on poise, personality, intelligence, talent, and beauty,” the Press Herald reported.

The title of Miss Augusta went to 21-year-old Connie Gingras of Augusta. A recent graduate of St. Elizabeth College in Morristown, N.J., Gingras displayed her fencing talent during the Miss Maine pageant held that August during the Skowhegan State Fair — and she was crowned as Miss Maine.

On Saturday, July 23, officials gath-

ered at Fort Western to bury two time capsules “in a crypt,” an unusual choice of phrase provided by the Press Herald reporter. The capsules contained “recordings, photographs, and other material” pertinent to the day’s ceremonies, the paper noted.

In that not-so-long-ago era without iPhones, digital voice recorders, and YouTube, three Augusta boosters lent their voices to tape recordings made on site. Mayor Richard B. Sanborn greeted present and future listeners, and Augusta Century Days Committee co-chairmen Jack S. Atwood and William P, Wyman also spoke.

Governor Frederick G. Payne later recorded a short speech that went into one time capsule.

Made from bronze by the J.F. Hodgkins Bronze Works in Randolph, the square time capsules each weighed 120 pounds. According to Wyman, the “list of things going into” the time capsules (continued on page 42)

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included “official records, city directories, telephone books, a book of biographical sketches of citizens now living in Augusta,” and special editions of the Kennebec Journal.

Tossed in for good measure were wooden nickels produced for Augusta sesquicentennial festivities (honoring the city’s initial creation as a town) just two years earlier.

Gathering on the Fort Western lawn, Augusta boosters placed the time capsules in a 15-by-15-by-30-inch concrete crypt. James Holt, the Fort Western caretaker, watched the ceremonies; if all went according to plan, Augusta residents would open one capsule in 1997 (two centuries since Augusta’s founding) and the other capsule in 2049, which would mark Augusta’s bicentennial as a city.

That night baseball fans went to Capitol Park to watch a game featuring the Augusta Millionaires and the aptly

named Century Tire Team from Portland. On Sunday, July 24, the Augusta festivities wound down with speedboat races and a regatta at Island Park on Cobbossee Lake.

Hundreds, if not thousands of people who attended various events during the Augusta centennial party shifted south a week later for Gardiner’s party. Civic boosters in this centennial city pulled no punches in guaranteeing that a good time should be had by all.

“Each day in the program” had “special significance” and was “named accordingly,” the Press Herald noted. Sunday, July 31 was fittingly titled “Opening Day”; scheduled events included an “outboard motor regatta” on Pleasant Pond, “combined church choirs” performing “in a vespers service,” and an evening open house “at Oaklands, historic seat of the Gardiner family who founded the city.”

Held at Depot Square, “a giant

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public auction of merchandise and antiques” dominated festivities on Monday, August 1, which was dubbed “Centennial Open House and Auction Day.” Tuesday was declared “Industry Day,” and Wednesday received the title “Centennial Juvenile Day” (appropriately offering a “parade of juveniles” and a soap box day).

Boosters proclaimed Thursday, August 4 as “Sports Day.” Softball teams fielded by merchants from Augusta and Gardiner met in fierce play at Quimby Field that evening; afterwards, two other teams competed in a donkey softball game.

Falling on Friday, “Old Home Day” featured a baby contest, a “Bathing Beauty Contest,” and “a Grand Centennial Coronation Ball” held at the National Guard armory. A horse show that kicked off at 3 p.m. at Quimby Park ran well into the evening and resumed the next morning.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com

Gardiner boosters declared Saturday, August 6 as “Centennial Day,” and myriad events marked this last day in the city-wide celebration. The Gardiner Fire Department sponsored a well-attended Firemen’s Field Day, many boats participated in a Kennebec River regatta, and more than 70 units joined a parade winding through downtown Gardiner.

A street dance, a bonfire, and a fireworks display capped that busy Saturday. The next morning, Gardiner residents awoke to a quieter city, and upriver in Augusta, residents looked forward to the first week of normalcy since July 24.

After organizing back-to-back centennial observances, residents of both cities rested on their laurels — but just wait until the bicentennial celebrations in 2049!

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Hallowell’s Lilian Vaughan Morgan The lady could do most anything

by Charles Francis

I

n the early 1900s, researchers at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, might have wondered why a colleague, Thomas Hunt Morgan, began shipping fruit flies from his Columbia University lab to the MBL each summer. After all, the ocean waters of Woods Hole currents supplied the MBL with a rich variety of marine organisms, and Morgan, an avid practitioner of experimental embryology, made good use of them. The question here is, of course, why would a marine biologist be doing work with fruit flies?

The answer has more than a little to do with a Hallowell, Maine -born wom-

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an named Lilian Vaughan Sampson.

Thomas Hunt Morgan was an evolutionary biologist, geneticist and embryologist. In 1904 Morgan married Lilian Vaughan Sampson. In 1933 he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries relating to the role chromosomes play in heredity.

There are those who believe Lilian Vaughan Morgan should have shared the 1933 Nobel with her husband.

Thomas Hunt Morgan was a Ph. D. Lilian had bachelors and master’s degrees.

Maybe this says something as to why she was not nominated for the Nobel.

Maybe it has something to do with the times. The role of women researchers

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com was viewed somewhat differently in that time period from what it is now.

Lilian Vaughan Morgan was an important geneticist in her own right.

The fact that we are talking about the first part of the twentieth century here makes this fact all the more unique or remarkable. Women scientists were so rare then that they were the exception.

Marie Curie achieved stature in what was undeniably a male-dominated discipline.

Lilian Vaughan Morgan earned A.B. and M.S. degrees in biology from Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania. At the turn of the century her specialty was embryology. She conducted independent investigations in embryology in the 1890s at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. Then she married Thomas Hunt Morgan.

Lilian Vaughan Morgan raised four children, managed the Morgan household, and when the children

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were grown, she resumed full-time research. That research was in genetics.

Lilian discovered both the attached-X and closed-X chromosomes as part of her extensive research on the X chromosome of Drosophila. For Drosophila think fruit fly. For Drosophila think Thomas Hunt Morgan and the Nobel award. For Drosophila, think of Lilian Vaughan Morgan as independent researcher. Think of Lilian Morgan publishing sixteen single author papers.

Lilian Vaughan Sampson was born in Hallowell July 7, 1870. She was the middle sister of three. Lilian and her older sister became orphans when Lilian was three. The sisters’ parents and the younger sister died of tuberculosis.

Lilian and her older sister were raised by their maternal grandparents.

Lilian entered Bryn Mawr in 1887.

It should be noted Bryn Mawr was an all-women’s college. In addition to biology Lilian took courses in mathemat-

(continued on page 46)

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ics, physics and chemistry. Her adviser was Martha Carey Thomas, an educator noted for her progressive theories.

Thomas went on to become president of Bryn Mawr.

After graduating with honors in 1891, Lilian spent the summer at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. One of her Woods Hole advisers introduced her to Thomas Hunt Morgan.

In the autumn of 1891, a European fellowship for the best Bryn Mawr graduate in her class enabled Lilian to go to Europe and study muscles in chitons at the University of Zurich. In 1892 Lilian returned to Bryn Mawr, and in 1894 earned an MS in biology under the supervision of none other than Thomas Hunt Morgan.

That Lilian Vaughan Morgan was more than a run-of-the-mill scientist and researcher is obvious. Just what does this mean?

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The common conception of the scientist is that of a man or woman who is completely identified with the dictates of his or her pursuit. We sometimes say he or she is a demon for work. The implication here is that the character of the individual under consideration is so limited and simplified that normal character no longer exists.

To say the above another way, a scientist is a professional who is so caught up in his or her particular sphere of interest or action that he or she has no other life. This may explain why many often think of the scientist as a miracle worker. It has to do with the struggle to attain knowledge and insight. When it has been achieved something magical or miraculous has been achieved. Just how apt a description is this for Lilian Vaughan Morgan?

Lilian was thirty-four when she married Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1904. In 1905 the couple moved to California,

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where Thomas commenced teaching, and Lilian worked at Stanford Marine laboratory on planarian regeneration.

Lilian’s work on planarian regeneration was published in 1905-6. She would not publish for another sixteen years.

The next sixteen years Lilian devoted to family. One of the four children was to follow in the parents footsteps.

This was Isabel Merrick Morgan. Isabel Morgan earned a doctorate in virology. Isabel Morgan’s work was a key link in the chain of progress toward a killed-virus polio vaccine, one that culminated in the approval of Jonas Salk’s vaccine.

Thomas Hunt Morgan became a department head at Columbia, where he worked on the inheritance of acquired characteristics. When the children were old enough to be independent, Lilian considered studying the violin and returning to the laboratory as pursuits.

She opted for the latter, becoming a

Drosophila geneticist in her husband’s laboratory. This was despite her husband making it clear that she would be on her own, an independent researcher.

Lilian Morgan was the original discoverer of the attached-X and ring chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. In essence, her work provided evidence for and confirmed the theory of sex determination. This is the X and Y chromosome theory we are all exposed to in high school biology: that

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com XY is a normal male and XXY is a normal female.

Those readers familiar with the genealogy and history of the Hallowell and surrounding region should recognize the Vaughan and Merrick names.

Lilian Vaughan Morgan was a direct descendant of Benjamin Vaughan and John Merrick.

Lilian Vaughan Morgan, the lady who could do most anything, died in 1952 at the age of eighty-two in Los Angeles.

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Damariscotta’s Edward Kavanaugh Champion of religious toleration

by Charles Francis

I

timent of the national political lexicon, a Damariscotta Mills man quietly made his mark in the fight for religious rights and freedoms, rights and freedoms that we now take for granted. That man was Edward Kavanaugh, a man who, unfortunately, is barely more than a footnote in the state’s history as one of its early governors. Sometimes, however, footnotes hold matters of great import, as the life and accomplishments of Edward Kavanaugh clearly show.

On August 9, 1843 Edward Kavanaugh signed the commission of James Weston of Gardiner as Chaplain of the First Regiment, First Brigade, Second Division of the Maine Militia. Kavanaugh was signing the commission both as Governor and as Commander-in-Chief

t has often been said that “As Maine goes, so goes the nation.” This old saw has had a wide range of applications. Its origins are said to relate to the one-time belief that Maine was a bellweather for voting in presidential elections because the state once held its presidential voting in September rather than in November when the rest of the country voted to avoid the vagaries of early winter storms. In a larger sense, the aphorism has also been thought to refer to the fact that Maine has had a far greater influence on the national scene than is merited by its rather meager population in relation to other states.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com of the Maine Militia. Recently the actual commission went up for auction.

While it sold for something in the area of $300, it probably would have gone for a good deal more if the seller had provided a bit of historical background for the document.

Edward Kavanaugh was the first Roman Catholic to serve as a governor in New England. He was also the first Roman Catholic to be elected to the United States House of Representatives from New England. While these facts speak to Kavanaugh as an individual as well as a politician, they do not speak to his influence in Maine in the area of freedom of religion, an area in which Kavanaugh made a major impact.

Edward Kavanaugh deserves to be remembered as one of Maine’s great leaders. In fact, his stature is that of a Joshua Chamberlain, Margaret Chase Smith, Edmund Muskie or George Mitchell. When the Maine Constitution was being drafted, Edward Kava-

naugh’s words were used in Section 3 of Article I in protecting the rights of anyone, regardless of religion, to hold public office. Later Kavanaugh was instrumental in Maine adopting a law which placed any religious grouping on an equal footing with any other already established religious group.

Edward Kavanaugh was born in Damariscotta Mills section of Newcastle in 1795. His parents were James and Sarah (Jackson) Kavanaugh. James Kavanaugh was a first generation Irish immigrant and Roman Catholic who made a fortune as a shipbuilder, mill owner and merchant.

Damariscotta Mills is at the head of the Great Salt Bay, the body of water into which Damariscotta Lake drains.

Here, James Kavanaugh, and his partner Matthew Cottrill, operated mills.

Kavanaugh built his 1803 home which stands as one of the great period structures of the Federalist Era. James Kavanaugh was the driving force behind the

construction of St. Patrick’s Church, the oldest standing Catholic church in Maine. He was also responsible for building the first bridge connecting Newcastle and Damariscotta and for having a road constructed from there to Damariscotta Mills. And he did all this at a time when Massachusetts law stipulated that each town should consist of a single parish, which in essence meant Protestant. In other words, James Kavanaugh’s son Edward grew up in a Protestant-dominated society.

While the principles of religious freedom, as set forth in the U. S. Constitution, were adhered to by Massachusetts, the Massachusetts General Court had, in 1786, passed the Parish Act, an act that was still on the books when Maine became a state in 1820.

The Parish Act stated that “none shall be considered as qualified voters, except as those who pay in a tax” to the parish. The Parish Tax went to the support of the duly established minister (continued on page 49)

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and the maintenance of the established church. Established meant Protestant.

Edward Kavanaugh’s education came at the hands of the Jesuits in Montreal and at St. Mary’s College in Maryland. Trained as a lawyer, he was at heart a politician. He held several municipal positions in Newcastle, including that of selectman, before moving on to the state political scene.

When the Maine state constitution was being drafted, a paper Kavanaugh wrote while a student at St. Mary’s served as the basis for the section guaranteeing religious freedom. The Maine constitution would be used as a model by western states when they wrote their constitutions. The wording in many in regard to eliminating religious qualifications for voting is virtually the same as Maine’s.

In 1821, Kavanaugh was one of the leaders of a group lobbying the state legislature for a law eliminating the

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parish tax. The bill, when passed, stipulated that “any person may become a member of any parish or religious society... By being accepted by that society of which he wishes to become a member, at a legal meeting of the same, and giving notice in writing to the clerk of the society which he is about to leave....

In effect this statute, while not doing away with the single parish system, placed other religious societies, like St. Patrick’s of Newcastle, on equal footing with the established parish. In addition, the statute provided for religious societies to assess taxes in the same manner as parishes, at three-quarters of the poll tax.

Edward Kavanaugh went on to serve in the state legislature both in the House and the Senate. In 1831, he ran for the U. S. House of Representatives.

While there were a few detractors because of his religion, he was elected in a landslide.

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Kavanaugh was serving as President of the Maine State Senate in 1843 when Governor John Fairfield was elected to fill out Reuel Williams’ U. S. Senate term. As Senate President, Kavanaugh went on to become governor.

Edward Kavanaugh would probably have been elected governor in his own right had he chosen to run. Due to ill health, however, he chose not to, and quietly finished out his term. He then returned to Damariscotta Mills, where he died a month later. He was just forty-nine.

The Governor Kavanaugh Mansion in Damariscotta Mills stands as a memorial to Maine’s champion of religious toleration. So, too, does the Catholic Kavanaugh School in Augusta.

The money to establish the school was provided by Governor Kavanaugh’s sister, Winifred.

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Katahdin Cruises & Moosehead Marine Museum A National Historic Landmark, the steamboat Katahdin, more than any other remaining piece of Moosehead’s history, truly reflects the many eras, interests, and businesses of the region’s past and present. Built in 1914 by the young shipyard Bath Iron Works, the Katahdin was later converted to diesel.

Now in her centennial year, she is the final link to a bygone era.

Steamboat history began on Moosehead Lake in 1836. As many as 50 boats once steamed up the lake carrying passengers, livestock, mail, supplies and equipment. Steamboats were the only means of transportation to the large resorts, like Mount Kineo, as well as the small hunting camps and villages around the lake. By the late 1930s, with the development of roads around Moosehead, only the Katahdin remained. Used as a towboat to haul booms (rafts) of logs until 1975,

she participated in the nation’s last log drive and was then designated a National Historic Landmark.

In 1976, the nonprofit Moosehead Marine Museum was founded, and it acquired the Katahdin as its star exhibit. In addition to the Katahdin, the Museum has an extensive collection of steamboat memorabilia and early photographs of the Moosehead area. The

Marine Museum is dedicated to preserving the glorious days of steamboating and the heritage of the Moosehead Lake Region. The museum has raised considerable sums of money from very generous donors to allow the Katahdin to continue sailing.

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Midcoast Region

52

Kidnapped!

A true tale of the white man’s treachery

by Charles Francis

I

t is a balmy early June day on the coast in 1605. A gentle breeze raises little waves that sparkle in the sun. It is the kind of day that presages a long, lazy summer just around the corner. The kind of day that seems to say “Yes, this is Maine, the way life should be.” It is also the day of the first kidnapping of record in Maine.

The perpetrators of this vile crime are seamen off a British vessel. The victims are five Native Americans.

In the words of one of the kidnappers “…it was as much as we could do to get them into the lightboat… they were strong and so naked that our best hold was by their long hair…

It was not a pretty picture, to say the least. Five men are suddenly seized and made captive by sheer force of numbers. Against their will they are taken on board a vessel with will carry them far from their homes. Some will not see that home again for nine years.

There will even be a plan to sell them into slavery.

The names of the five have come down through the years as Manida, Skidwarres or Skettawarroes, Nahanadaor or Dehanada, Assacumet and Tisquantum. At least these are the more commonly accepted renditions of their names.

The kidnapping took place on June

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5, 1605. There is some disagreement as to the exact location where the five men were taken, however. It could have been the mouth of the Kennebec that is now Boothbay Harbor or Pemaquid.

The record of the kidnapping comes down through the years from one James Rosier. Rosier was one of the crewmen on Captain George Weymouth’s voyage of discovery to the New World.

Weymouth was sailing at the behest of Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Sir John Popham. Gorges and Popham had ordered Weymouth to inventory the resources of the New World. Either he took the five Native Americans captive in the belief that his employers would

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com be interested in seeing first hand some New World natives or else Gorges and Popham had ordered him to bring some natives back.

Four of the five men taken captive are generally thought to have been Maine Indians. The fifth, Tisquantum, has been identified as a visitor to Maine. He has come down in history as Squanto. Squanto would later be one of the Indians who helped the Pilgrims survive their first winter after landing at Plymouth Rock.

The account of the capture and kidnapping of the five Native Americans appears in A True Relation Of Captain George Weymouth, His Voyage, Made This present Yeere 1605; In The North Part Of Virginia by James Rosier.

Rosier’s account was written for promotional purposes to interest settlers in sailing across the Atlantic to what would first be known as the Province of Maine. Weymouth first sighted land at Cape Cod. From there he sailed at

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least as far down east as Penobscot Bay. A good deal of Rosier’s account deals with the area around what is now Camden and Thomaston, as well as the Boothbay Region.

In the description of the actual kidnapping, Rosier emphasizes that every effort was made to avoid harming the captives. He says “we would have been very loath to haue (have) done them any hurt, …their capture being a matter of great importance for the full accomplement of our voyage.”

At the close of his relation of Wemouth’s voyage to the New World, Rosier says that when the captives realized that “we intended them no harme, they haue never since seemed discontented with vs (us), but bery tractable, louing (loving), & willing by their best meanes to satisfie vs in any thing we demand of them…” Just how much of Rosier’s comments on this latter matter relate to the promotional nature of his account is unknown. It has been established

(continued on page 55)

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that selling the captives into permanent slavery was a real consideration.

Following Weymouth’s return to England, three of the captives stayed with Sir Ferninando Gorges. One of these was Squanto. The remaining two stayed with Sir John Popham.

All captives eventually returned to their homes. We know that Squanto was taught to speak English so that he could act as a quide and interpreter for later explorers. Whether or not the other captives learned any great amount of English is a matter of debate. It is known that Squanto spent time in Spain, possibly against his will. There is a possibility he acted as a guide for other voyages of discovery prior to his return to New England in 1614 with Captain John Smith.

One of the most intriguing references to Weymouth’s five captives may just be that found in Shakespeare’s The Tempest. Shakespeare scholars point to a line in The Tempest that ends (the En-

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Trident Sardines Packing Co. in Boothbay Harbor. Item # LB1998.34.76 from the Atlantic Fisherman Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com (continued from page 53)

glish) “will lay out ten pieces of silver to see a dead Indian.” This was written shortly after Weymouth’s Indians had been paraded through London to the wonderment of onlookers. Scholars see Shakespeare’s line as a comment on the abuses of colonial power of the day. Whether or not there is any real connection between Shakespeare’s line and Weymouth’s kidnap victims, it is fitting observation on what happened so long ago on a June day on the coast of Maine.

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Midcoast Region

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SON’S PAIN IN

A piece of Maine’s history since 1882

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History Of The Town Of South Bristol

S

Celebrating its 100th Anniversary

outh Bristol has evolved and changed over more than five centuries. The Pemaquid Peninsula, the shore of Johns Bay, the islands, and the Damariscotta River were used extensively by Native Americans.

The mouth of the Pemaquid River was the site of a major Native American settlement, and the South Bristol “Gut” was an important inside passage for Native American travels. Giovanni da Verrazzano recorded trading with Indians in 1528 at Small Point, a few miles west of South Bristol.

In the early 1600s, Englishman John Smith spent Christmas of 1614 anchored in the well-protected harbor of Christmas Cove on Rutherford Island.

Pemaquid, with its fort, was a frontier marking the border between the English and French dominions. Friction between the English, French, and Native Americans caused the abandonment of the peninsula in the 1680s.

Resettlement occurred in the 1730s when Scots-Irish families were brought to the region by Colonel David Dunbar. Farmers and woodsmen created homesteads and exported timber, stone, bricks and hay.

In 1765 Bristol became one of the earliest incorporated towns in the Province of

Five K

Maine, then part of Massachusetts. Communities needed gathering places for religious services and town meetings. In 1772 Meeting Houses were built in Walpole, Harrington, and Round Pond. The Walpole and Harrington meetinghouses survive today.

Fishing, both near and off-shore, became an important force during the time of Maine’s statehood in 1820. The rise of South Bristol village and Rutherford Island dates from that time. Fishermen made up a large percentage of the population at Clarks Cove, South Bristol, and Rutherford Island.

Ship and boat building become an important business in the community by the 1850s.

Men from South Bristol were represented in several well-known regiments during the Civil War. The boom of the menhaden, or pogy fishery occurred post-Civil War. South Bristol has three factories converting menhaden to valuable oil and fish meal. Many of the finer houses in South Bristol village date from this time of prosperity.

Starting with a summer colony on Inner Heron Island in the 1890s, Christmas Cove, South Bristol, and Clarks Cove were welcoming summer visitors to hotels, boarding houses, and tea rooms by 1900. The con-

struction of shore cottages soon led to a fullfledged summer colony centered on Christmas Cove. Separation from the Town of Bristol finally occurred in 1915, when it became a town comprised of Walpole, Clarks Cove, South Bristol Village, and Rutherford and Inner Heron islands.

Through World War I, the Great Depression and World War II it was said that at one time half of the New Bedford, Massachusetts fishing fleet had been built in South Bristol. In the 1960s and 1970s lobstering became the dominant fishery.

Today there are several remaining sites that give a glimpse into the early history of the town. Thompson Ice House is now a museum open to the public. Ice is still harvested from the adjacent pond every winter and stored in the ice house for summer use.

The Walpole Meeting House is still used periodically for religious services, weddings, and musical performances. The Roosevelt School has been restored to its appearance in the 1930s by the South Bristol Historical Society and is open to the public.

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Midcoast Region

58

Summers In Waldoboro Many fond memories

by Shirley Babb

A

bout the time I was ten or so, summers of the late 30’s and early 40’s became special.

After school was out, and July rolled around, I packed my summer clothes in a cardboard box and piled into the family car. Off to visit Uncle Skip and Aunt Esh, Edward and Ethel Ladner – my mother’s sister and brother-in-law, to spend the next six or so weeks at their home in Waldoboro, about 2 or 3 miles south of the village. Once there, I had ditched my place among my siblings – second child in a four-child family – and became an only child of people who never had children of their own. Maybe it was special for them, too – a reason-

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ably well-behaved niece who eventually went home. None of the baggage that goes along with bringing up children.

Why they wanted a child around is beyond me. Uncle Skip worked until dark in the woods, cutting pulp for the Pejepscot Paper Company in Topsham. At that time, it meant long hours, sawing down trees, trimming off the branches, cutting the trees into pulp lengths, hand loading them onto his truck, driving to the railroad station, and unloading them onto a railcar. The only tools available at the time were a crosscut saw, a bucksaw, a peavey for rolling the big logs, and a hook for grabbing the pulp wood and heaving it

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onto the truck and railroad car. He did have a crew of two or three men and a team of horses to drag the wood to a landing where it could be loaded onto his truck. There was also Ralph McKnight, who yarded the wood before it was loaded onto the truck.

But as busy as he was, he collected empty beer bottles to and from his drive to the woodlots. Then he and I would take them to a store and use the money to buy stamps to fill a book for a War Bond. He also found time to help me build a play store in the shed where he would come to “buy” groceries. Often in the evening, he would park his chaw of tobacco in his cheek and tell (continued on page 60)

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com

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Midcoast Region

60 (continued from page 58)

great stories. The only thing I remember about them is that they were ghost stories that never failed to give me goose bumps, but left me begging for more.

While Skip was busy in the woods, Aunt Esh was busy at home with none of the conveniences. Home at that time was part of a house – sort of a duplex – shared with and owned by a local family. The families shared a four-seater outhouse with a couple of smaller holes for smaller butts.

Located in the shed attached to the other side of the house, it often meant passing the family – the wife, grandmother, and daughter lined up in rocking chairs. Rather uncomfortable for a naturally shy child who was used to a bathroom at home. But when nature called, usually at the last minute, I was probably a blur going past them.

In addition to the outhouse, there was no running hot water. Wa-

ter was heated on the stove and in a hot water tank built in to the end of the wood-burning stove. That’s when Monday was wash day, and the wringer washer was dragged out. On sunny days, I helped my aunt hang out the clothes; rainy days, they were put on lines in the shed.

Saturday was bath day – a tub of hot water in the privacy of a bedroom.

During the week, it was a sponge bath if the weather was hot and sticky. Not exactly up-scale hygiene, but when in Rome ….

So, what does an only child do for fun when away from siblings and friends? A couple of summer friends – Alice and Ruth — to hang out with.

And a job helping with the Fitzgerald family taking in the hay.

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61

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com left to mellow in the sun for a day or so and then turned with a pitchfork to mellow the other side. The next step was to rake it up into rows, by a horse-drawn hay rake; these rows were pitchforked into piles; and eventually loaded onto a hay rack – one or two people pitching the hay onto the rack and another on the rack distributing the load. If all went well, the hay was trundled off to the barn.

That’s when my job began.

Storing the hay into the hayloft started with one of the Fitzgeralds planting the hay fork into the hay on the rack.

The hay fork was attached to a rope and pulley system pulled by the horse that lifted the hay into the loft, again to be distributed by a man in the loft. My job was to the lead the horse – one that required numerous trips back and forth to unload the hay. My pay? Twenty-five cents. But it bought a Dixie cup or an ice cream bar and a good supply of penny candy. Not bad for an afternoon’s

work.

I felt sorry for Harry the horse.

He had to do all the mowing, raking, and pulling. He was blind!

Sharing a duplex with another family was more than interesting at times. The father, usually a polite, quiet man during the week, often went on a “bender” on weekends. Then he became a rip-roaring maniac. His wife and mother would try to contain him, but he sometimes got away. When that happened, he would stagger out the door and onto the driveway, located at the back doors of the house. More times than not, clad in his one-piece BVD’s, the front unbuttoned. Usually, his wife and mother were not far behind and got him back into the house before he was exposed for any length of time.

My aunt and uncle must have had enough of his antics and moved to a single-family house on the other side of the village. A side road off Route One and within sight of Moody’s Diner. By that time, I was in the sev-

Not all concrete is created equal

enth or eighth grade and was allowed to walk to the village with Carol, a nextdoor neighbor. Sometimes to pick up a few groceries for my aunt or just for an ice cream cone. But I was a reader and didn’t mind sitting out under the trees in the front yard with my nose in a magazine or a book. Magazines were a special treat there because Aunt Ethel always had a good supply of romance and detective magazines – something not kicking around my home in South Gardiner.

When I was in the eighth or ninth grade, I went on my first date with Carol’s brother Warren. We walked to an afternoon matinee at the movie theater in the village and saw Duel in the Sun with Gregory Peck and Jennifer Jones. I remember being a bit uncomfortable because of what passed in those days for “steamy” scenes between the two stars. I don’t remember anything more about Warren – no romance or even exchanging letters once (continued on page 62)

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Midcoast Region

62 (continued from page 61)

I was back home.

The facilities at the new place were about the same – except there was a one-holer at the back of the barn attached to the house, but no audience to watch the visits. Still no hot running water. Sometimes the water from the well had a funny taste, so that meant that the well had to be emptied, the rocks that lined the well scrubbed down, and then given time to refill. Never did know why the water tasted “funny.” It could have been a small animal that fell in and drowned, even though the well was kept covered. No one got sick, developed a rash, or foamed at the mouth – so we continued drinking the water.

Saturday nights were reserved for going into either the village for groceries or a few miles north on Route 1 to Rockland if we needed to go to a department store for new clothes or household necessities. The only vehi-

cle available for those trips was Uncle Skip’s snub-nosed pulp truck. With the transmission located between the seats, my aunt and I had to share the passenger seat – no problem at the time.

I weighed about 80 pounds and Aunt Ethel no more than a 100.

At the grocery store, the checkout line formed at the counter. There my aunt read her grocery list to the clerk, who often, with a helper on a busy day, went around to the shelves and “filled her order.” The clerk totaled the items on a brown paper bag, using a pencil and her or his adding skills.

Then it was out to visit with other people on the street – remember, most women didn’t drive, and if they did, there was only one vehicle in the family. So it was a real treat and opportunity to get caught up on local gossip.

I usually had fifty cents to spend at the five and ten cent store. Can’t remember

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what I bought, but that amount of money was good for a small bottle of Blue Waltz perfume, stationery for writing letters home to my family or friend Joan who spent many of her summers with her aunts in Machias, or something that I really didn’t need – like a ping-pong ball that I bought with no ping-pong table.

One trip to Rockland was especially memorable. We had heard that President Roosevelt was due to come ashore in the city after a meeting with Stalin and Churchill from somewhere overseas. So, Aunt Ethel, Uncle Skip, and I piled into the pulp truck and headed up Route 1. Sure enough, he rode past us in an open car and waved to the crowd lining the street. I don’t remember where he was going – maybe to Campobello, his summer home. How many Mainers can say they saw FDR? Like all good things, summers in

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Waldoboro came to an end after my freshman year in high school. Then it was time to earn money, and I was off to Camp Wenonah with friends Joan, Jo, and Kay the following summer. Fun time was over. Even “funner” time was about to begin!

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64

Farnsworth Art Museum Celebrates Its 67th Year First director was a torpedoed submarine survivor

by Brian Swartz

W

hen James Munroe Brown III plunged into the chilly North Atlantic on Saturday, May 2, 1942, he concentrated on surviving, not on art.

Six years later, he concentrated on art by opening an exciting new museum in Rockland.

A native New Yorker, Brown earned an economics degree at Amherst College in 1939. Then he continued his studies in the Fine Arts Department at the Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.

After the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and kicked off America’s in-

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volvement in World War II, Brown left Harvard to join the Navy as a seaman.

He completed his training and reported aboard USS Cythera (PY 26), a 602-ton motor yacht originally named Agawa and built in Leith, Scotland

by Ramage & Ferguson Ltd. In 1906.

The Navy had prior experience with the Cythera. As occurred in December

1941, America’s entry into the Great War (later dubbed World War I) had caught the Navy woefully lacking men and ships. Leasing the Agawa, the Navy renamed the yacht the USS Cythera, equipped the vessel for war, and based the good ship and crew at Gibraltar.

Downsizing after the November 11, 1918 armistice that ended the war, the Navy sent the Agawa back to its owner in March 1919. Then, while American merchant ships faced prowling German U-boats after Hitler declared war on the United States, the Navy reacquired the Agawa from its current owner, Edith Harkness of New York, for a dollar on

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65

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com December 31, 1941.

For the next three months the USS Cythera underwent serious refitting at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Measuring 212 feet from stem to stern and 28 feet on her beam, the remodeled patrol yacht was armed with 3-inch deck guns, .50-caliber machine guns, and 50 depth charges, which represented sufficient firepower to blow any German sub from the sea.

Commander Charles Rudderow took the USS Cythera and its 70-sailor crew (four more officers and 66 enlisted men) to sea from Norfolk, Virginia about midnight on Friday, May 1, 1942.

Orders called for the patrol yacht to sail to Pearl Harbor via the Panama Canal; aboard the ship was Seaman Third Class James Brown III. At 6:41 a.m., Saturday, as the USS Cythera steamed south in a zigzag pattern about 115 miles east of Cape Fear, the German sub U-402 fired three torpedoes at the ship. One torpedo detonated

exactly at mid-ship in an explosion that shook Brown at his forward-lookout post.

The front half of the USS Cythera pitched upward; aboard the ship’s now separated rear half, two or more depth charges were “live.” These depth charges detonated when the stern section sank — and those exploding depth charges possibly detonated others, resulting in the deaths of most crew members flung into the frigid North Atlantic.

Seaman Brown soon found himself clinging to a raft with Charles Carter, a sailor from Texas. They were the only survivors from the USS Cythera’s crew.

The German sub soon surfaced, and commander Siegfried Freiherr von Forstner ordered the two Americans captured. Served brandy by the German sailors, Brown and Carter settled in for a three-week, all-expenses-paid cruise to a Kriegsmarine U-boat base on France’s Atlantic coast.

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They were the first American sailors captured by Germany during the war.

German soldiers packed the two Americans off to a POW camp near Bremen in Germany. For a while the U.S. Navy reported the USS Cythera lost with all hands; viewing their two prisoners as a novelty, German authorities violated international law by not notifying the Red Cross about Brown and Carter.

In time, Geoff Griffin, a British naval aviator in the same POW camp, told a girlfriend in Britain about the American sailors in a coded letter sent from prison. American authorities confirmed the claim.

Brown was sent to a few other POW camps before arriving at a stalag near Blechhammer, Germany. For some 2½ years he and other prisoners worked on construction projects around a synthetic oil plant; speaking to a Maine newspaper reporter in 1948, Brown claimed that his efforts to wind up on

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66 (continued from page 65)

the sick list (and hence off the work list) required more energy than digging trenches for pipes.

Soviet forces gradually approached Blechhammer, and German authorities evacuated the POW camp on January 20, 1945. The prisoners and their guards kept marching westward as the Soviets steadily advanced from the east. Not until April 9 did American soldiers from the Third Army liberate the prisoners in Norsburg, Germany.

Taking a convoluted route through France, Great Britain, Ireland, and Canada, Brown at last returned to the United States more than three years after leaving for Pearl. Resuming his studies at the Harvard grad school, he earned his master’s degree in 1946.

From there Brown worked initially at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C., then as the assistant director at the Institute of Contemporary Art in Boston.

In 1948 his developing career brought Brown northeast to Rockland, then a city far more associated with fishing and other industries than with the fine arts. The Farnsworths, a local family successful in various business ventures, had dwindled down to Lucy, the survivor of six siblings.

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The 97-year-old Lucy Farnsworth had died in 1935. In her will, she left a substantial sum to create the William A. Farnsworth Library and Art Museum, to be named after her father.

With James Munroe Brown III as its first director, the museum was officially opened on Sunday, August 15, 1948.

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68

Kay Aldridge Camden’s Queen of the serials

by Charles Francis

K

tensive view out over Penobscot Bay. Kay Aldridge was the kind of person who liked everyone. Some might see this as a fault, a dangerous one, the kind that leads to one being taken advantage of. Kay had once been a public figure, a very well known and recognizable one.

Over the decades Camden has attracted more than its share of public figures. Anyone who knows Camden at all can come up with at least a beginning list of the rich and famous who have graced the town for a time.

A good many of these lived lives of seclusion. Kay didn’t though, and she was recognizable. There was a time when Kay Aldridge was the most photographed woman in America.

ay Aldridge could have been Camden’sofficial greeter. In fact, there were some who looked at her as just that.

There are those who remember Kay Aldridge as the friendliest person in Camden. She had a cheery word for everyone, and when there was a project that needed an extra hand or boost to keep it on track, Kay could always be counted on to play a part. As far as being a Camden greeter is concerned, if Kay happened to meet a visitor to Camden in a downtown shop or on the street and start a conversation, that visitor, like as not, would be offered an invitation to Kay’s house with its ex-

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69

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com Kay Aldridge was a beautiful woman. In the 1930s she made her living as a Powers model and magazine cover-girl. Then she moved on to Hollywood. Here she sometimes found herself playing the role of “living statue,” because she was so beautiful, simply because she could “prettify” a movie set’s Technicolor backdrop. Roles like these, of course, didn’t come with dialogue. Kay did have some talking parts, though.

There is a Kay Aldridge story that says she was one of the actresses who was considered for Scarlett O’Hara in Gone with the Wind. Whatever the truth to the tale, Kay never made it to the big box office bonanzas as Vivien Leigh did. Kay’s forte was the blackand-white ‘B’ serial.

I met Kay Aldridge, though when I met her it was as Kay Tucker, her married name. I met her at the home of Alan and Ellie Linton on Bay View Street.

Like Kay, the Linton’s had a beauti-

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ful view out over the water, right out to Curtis Island and beyond. I remember Kay and Ellie joking about which house offered the better view.

When I met Kay I didn’t know who she was. It wasn’t until later that I learned she had been a serial movie star.

If I had been going to the theater around 1940 I would have known Kay immediately. I certainly knew her co-stars: they had names like Clayton Moore, Alan Lane and Kane Richmond. Clayton Moore, of course, played the Lone Ranger. Alan “Rocky” Lane was a serial great in his own right. In fact, Lane was sometimes billed as the “King of the Serials.” Kane Richmond played Lamont Cranston, The Shadow.

Kay Aldridge lived in Camden from 1956 until her death at Pen Bay Medical Center in January of 1995. I met her in the late 1970s or early 1980s. I remember her as “a presence” and as unusually attractive.

One writer described Kay with the

following words: “Nature has lavishly endowed her with the oval face, deep expressive eyes, tender mouth and exquisite skin that Hollywood beauties are supposed to have, but seldom do... .” The words are, of course, promotional. They were written in the late 1930s when Kay was modeling. They catch her physical essence, though. The same writer went on to say: “She not only looked like something elegant, but could do a neat bit of acting in the bargain.” From the latter statement one gets a sense of Kay Aldridge on the move, a move from the still shot cameras of modeling to those of Hollywood action films.

Kay was eighteen when she was spotted by the legendary John Powers.

Powers said she had a “perfectly balanced face.” He went on to put that face on the covers of magazines like Redbook, Life, Ladies Home Journal and Look. (continued on page 70)

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Midcoast Region

70 (continued from page 69)

Though Kay appeared in a fair number of full-length movies, she was bestknown for the cliffhanger serials which began in 1942 with the fifteen-part Perils of Nyoka, made by Republic Pictures. Kay played Nyoka Gordon. Nyoka was loosely based on a Edgar Rice Borroughs-like Jungle Girl character who confronts a host of villains while seeking her father, lost on an expedition in Africa. Clayton Moore was costar. Kay had top billing. Perils of Nyoka was immensely popular, so much so that it earned Kay the title “Queen of the Serials.”

Perils of Nyoka was followed by Daredevils of the West in 1943. It was another Republic serial. Kay’s co-star here was Alan Lane. Lane had been known for a time as King of the Serials.

This may explain why Kay had second billing. The two stars were billed as “their Majesties, the King and Queen of Serials.” Jay Silverheels, who played

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Tonto in the Lone Ranger, was in an episode. Eddie Acuff was featured, too.

Acuff went to to have an ongoing role in Blondie and he was the voice for the talking horse Mr. Ed. Kay’s last serial was the 1944 Haunted Harbor. Though Kane Richmond had top billing, there are indications that Kay was the higher paid of the two. The reason for this may relate to the fact Haunted Harbor was another jungle film recalling Kay’s Nyoka role.

Haunted Harbor was Kay’s last serial and almost her last movie. In 1945 she had supporting roles in The Man Who Walked Alone and The Phantom of 42nd Street. She retired from acting later that year.

During her years in Camden, Kay acquired a reputation as a philanthropist. She was a major contributor to the development of Pen Bay Medical Center.

Besides being recognized as an of-

ficial Camden greeter, Kay was a noted hostess and story teller. She liked nothing better than mixing with people and enjoying a good conversation.

I was once invited to a dinner party at her home. One of my great disappointments is being unable to attend.

Kay Aldridge and Kane Richmond in Republic’s “Haunted Harbor,” a 1944 serial.

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Midcoast Region

72

Waldo County Veterans Association The Civil War was still the rage at Belfast in 1912

by Brian Swartz

W

hen the Waldo County Veterans Association gathered at Memorial Hall in Belfast on Thursday, March 7, 1912, the Civil War was still all the rage as speaker after speaker harangued the 65 veterans attending the meeting.

Fittingly, the Thomas H. Marshall Post, Grand Army of the Republic, hosted the meeting, at which “a very large crowd was gathered,” reported the Bangor Daily News. The WCVA members dispensed with a scheduled morning business meeting so that people could renew acquaintances, and then “an excellent dinner was served at noon by the ladies of the Thomas H. Marshall Circle.”

Local Civil War veterans, many drawn from the 4th Maine Infantry Regiment, had formed the WCVA in June 1886. By 1912, almost 51 years had passed since the regiment had left Rockland for Washington, D.C. and a hot afternoon’s work at Manassas in late July 1861, yet wartime memories remained vivid.

“It was believed … that much good would result from a county organization of veterans, but I think it was hardly expected that after twenty years of uninterrupted success, these meetings could be maintained from month to month and from to year to year with unabated interest,” said L.C. Putnam, who opened the afternoon business meeting.

26 years! Bigger and Better than ever!

Their youthful locks long shaded gray, their faces now wrinkled, veterans listened raptly as Putnam explained why the WCVA remained so active.

“Comrades, I believe that the bond of comradeship which was fashioned out of some of the experiences which you shared in common in the camp, on the long, weary marches with hunger and burning thirst, the lonely vigils on the picket line and the vidett (sic) post, and the worse death conditions in rebel prison pens, the carnage, destruction, and death on the battlefield, and all other hardships and privations which our cruel Civil War imposed, formed a strong link in the chain of reasons for the continual success of this associa-

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73

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com tion,” Putnam intoned.

Gazing at the audience, he acknowledged that some WCVA members had recently died. Putnam compared that loss to the war, when “every battle of our service life we were called to mourn the loss of some comrade.” So now, as they watched “our great common enemy (death) … quietly thinning our ranks … the soldier’s stern duty is to close up the ranks and press ever forward,” Putnam said.

That March afternoon, how many aged veterans recalled December 13, 1862, when the 4th Maine had pressed forward during the Union assault upon Confederate lines downriver from Fredericksburg? How many WCVA members remembered that running gun battle at Devil’s Den on July 2, 1863?

Time and again these elderly men had closed up the regiment’s thinning lines; these veterans understood Putnam’s instructions.

“The present is ours,” Putnam said.

“It is all the time we have. Let us make the most of it, and do we not make much of our time, Comrades, in coming to these meetings?”

Other speakers followed Putnam, and in midafternoon “the whole audience united in singing Marching Through Georgia, with Mrs. Alice Burgess as pianist,” the Bangor Daily News reported. Not published until 1866, this song had proved particularly popular with Union veterans across the country.

Soloists — singers and musicians, men and woman — performed for the audience, and the Johnson Sisters concluded the program’s entertainment with the song Medley.

Then the Civil War again dominated the meeting. L.C. Morse of Liberty talked about his recent trip to the Confederate prison at Andersonville, Georgia. From there “he brought home some relics … among them being a piece of

hard pine from [the] stockade,” according to the newspaper.

Recognizing a familiar face seated at a table, Morse called attention to the Thomas H. Marshall Post’s Adelbert Knight, who “was the only surviving comrade of Andersonville present,” the newspaper noted. Thunderous applause echoed inside Memorial Hall as Morse crossed the crowded hall to present to the elderly Knight “a cane made from the hard pine of the [Andersonville] stockade.”

“So overcome that it was difficult for him to speak for a few moments,” Knight thanked Morse for the gift and indicated “that he would pass it on to his son.”

Morse reminded his audience “that the State of Maine buried in Andersonville 221 good and true men, and … had erected a monument there” that stood 36½ feet high.

Other speakers followed Morse. (continued on page 74)

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Later the Rev. Arthur A. Blair reminded the audience that “the association was not a growing one, but that the ranks were being constantly thinned.”

According to Blair, “no state in the Union sent braver men to the front than Maine, and that no state in the Union had better, braver men for every walk in life than the State of Maine, at the present time.”

With the Spanish-American War 14 years in the past and the Great War more than two years in the future, did Blair foresee the approaching time when Americans must fight again? He urged “the Sons of Veterans (an adjunct organization to the GAR) … [to] take the place of their fathers and be every ready to defend their country when called upon.”

With Blair’s speech, the direct reference to the Civil War faded. Other speakers discussed mundane issues,

and audience members finally stood to their feet — those who could stand, of course — and sang “America.”

Then “the meeting adjourned to meet in North Searsport on the first Thursday in April,” the Bangor Daily News reported.

How much longer could the WCVA meet? Within several years, membership sharply dropped as death claimed more Civil War veterans. On September 10, 1928, the Lewiston Daily Sun reported that “last night here” in Belfast, Surmandel K. Richards” had “died at the age of 89.”

He was “said to be the oldest Civil War veteran in Waldo County.” Richards had served “through the Civil War” with the 1st Maine Cavalry Regiment. He belonged to the Thomas H. Marshall Post, GAR, and the Waldo County Veterans Association.

Richards was not the last surviving

WCVA member, only among the last.

The association founded to benefit Waldo County men who had fought to save the Union would disappear with their passing.

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Gorton Pew Canning Co. in Stockton Springs, ca. 1913. Item # LB1999.27.62 from the Frye Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Midcoast Region

76

The Forgotten Town Of Perkins Thousands once visited the resort

by Charles Francis

P

erkins, Maine was once a bustling little Sagadahoc County town.

At one time it seemed to have every advantage necessary for developing into a commercial center, a resident community with fine homes or a recreational Mecca, drawing thousands of tourists during the warm months of the year. In fact, it was once the site of one of the premiere resorts in Maine, rivaling even Old Orchard Beach. Yet, today hardly anyone remembers that resort, and fewer still know that there was once was a town named Perkins.

Perkins does appear on the maps of the last census. According to those maps Perkins has a total area of 3.7 square miles. Also according to the 2000 cen-

sus, Perkins has a total population of zero. Of Perkins’ total area 2.2 square miles is land and 1.5 square miles is water. In fact, Perkins is surrounded by water, for it is an island or rather its land mass consists of two islands.

Today Perkins is an unincorporated township. The two islands that make up the township are some four miles above the head of Merrymeeting Bay. The smaller of the two consists of approximately forty acres. The larger is something less than four miles long and one mile wide. The smaller island is Little Swan Island and the larger is Swan Island.

Almost from the time the first explorers ventured up the Kennebec,

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Swan and Little Swan islands were known by those particular names.

Then, in 1847 their residents withdrew from Dresden and incorporated as the Town of Perkins.

Probably the first white men to set foot on Swan Island were some of the Popham colonists. It is known that Raleigh Gilbert, one of the Popham colonists, explored well up the Kennebec in 1607. Prior to that the Basheba or Sachem of the Kennebec tribe made their home on Little Swan. Tradition has it that Captain John Smith landed on Swan Island in 1614. Native Americans continued to live on the islands until Captain Benjamin Church drove them off in 1692.

77

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com What was to become the Town of Perkins was originally part of the Kennebec Purchase. The first settlers began arriving about 1750. Some of them, members of a family named Noble, were captured by St. Francis Indians raiding out of Canada and taken as prisoners to Quebec. In 1760 a family named Barker acquired land on Swan Island. Remains of the Barker homestead can still be seen today. George Harwood, a wealthy Boston merchant, purchased the Barker holdings in the late 1700s. Harwoods were among the founding fathers of the Town of Perkins.

In 1763 Dr. Sylvester Gardiner, for whom Gardiner is named, built a two and a half story saltbox house on Swan Island. That house is still standing today. It is one of the very few saltbox houses from colonial days left in Maine. It is on the National Historic Register. Around 1800 Major Samuel Tubbs, a Revolutionary War hero, built

a home on the northern end of island.

Today there is a move to preserve it and the Gardiner house by a coalition of area historical societies.

By the 1840s there were some eighty people living on Swan Island.

In 1847, fed up with paying taxes to Dresden, they seceded from the latter town and established Perkins. By the Civil War, Perkins had close to 100 residents. They made their living farming and fishing.

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, regular ferry service connected to Swan Island from Richmond and Bowdoinham. Bowdoinham had the nearest railway station. A trolley line ran from it to the Swan Island ferry.

Trolley lines also connected Augusta and towns to the south with the island.

The rail connections led to the development of a 1000-acre fenced-in park on Swan Island. The resort opened in the summer of 1898. It sported a zoo with moose, elk, bear, buffalo and

monkeys. Horses did a high-diving act. There was an amphitheater where a thousand spectators watched open-air performances. In addition, there was a three-story casino, famous all over the east for its shore dinners. For the wellheeled there was a posh trolley car for dining, the Merrymeeting. Its accoutrements featured easy chairs upholstered in plush and observations platforms.

During World War I, the resort fell on hard times, and with it so did the Town of Perkins. By the close of the war there weren’t enough people there to run the town, and in 1918 it became Perkins Plantation. Then, in 1936 the ferry service ended, and Perkins Plantation became an unorganized township.

In the early 1940s the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife purchased Swan Island. It was named the Steve Powell Wildlife Management Area.

Today what was once the Town of (continued on page 78)

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Midcoast Region

78 (continued from page 77)

Perkins has more in common with a western ghost town than a quaint Maine village of bygone years. While a concerted effort is being made to save the Gardiner and Tubbs dwellings, the rest of the structures in the old town are considered beyond salvage. In fact, the only way one can tell there was once a town there is by counting the cellar holes. While a few campers visit Swan Island to stay overnight at one of the island’s primitive, state-maintained campsites, the only real residents of the forgotten Town of Perkins are the birds and other wildlife that make the wildlife management area home.

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Treasure From The Attic Protecting family heirlooms

by Charles Francis

D

o you ever wonder what item or items might survive as representative of your life and who will be the keeper? Well, there is a good chance some of those particular items we hold most dear won’t stay in the family to be passed on generation after generation, no matter how much we hope that will happen. And, perhaps what is worse, if they do stay in the family they won’t be cared for.

Flea markets, treasure and trash barns and auction houses are wonderful repositories of what were once someone’s most loved and cherished possessions. A Waldo County auction house once sold a friendship book from the nineteenth century. It was a friendship

book of hair weavings. A hundred and fifty or so years ago it was a tradition that young girls collect knots of their friend’s hair. The knots were glued into scrapbooks with yarn or ribbon.

They yarn or ribbon kept the knot from coming apart. Sometimes the hair was braided into a pattern. The friendship book I am taking about included the first

name of every donor. This friendship book was a labor of love. Undoubtedly, its creator intended it as a lasting memorial to her youth. Quite likely it sat in an attic for decades before being carted off to auction. It sold for $265.

Some years ago my mother decided to get rid of a family heirloom. She was going to sell it to an antique dealer.

She just happened to let slip what she intended on doing. I appropriated the heirloom. It was a large framed ‘49er certificate, the California Pioneers of New England. My mother’s grandfather, my great-grandfather had been a forty-niner. He sailed around Cape Horn that momentous year. (continued on page 80)

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Midcoast Region

80 (continued from page 79)

Family heirlooms, whether they are directly related to your own family like my 49er certificate or something purchased like the friendship book cited above, are great treasures, but they can be easily damaged by light, heat, humidity, pests, and handling. In short, once we have an heirloom in our possession the question arises what to do next. The issue is one of care and preservation.

Most of us are amateurs when it comes to the care of antiques, old pictures and documents. We tend to treat them as we would a weekend handyman project. The old chair will get a coat of lacquer, the picture or document, a new frame, and like as not a bit of scotch tape to bind up rips or tears.

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81

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com do it yourself. Go to a professional.

My 49er certificate was in an old glass picture frame. Scotch tape had produced discoloring. There were other stains. I asked Donna Dakin of Searsport what I could do to better the certificate’s overall situation.

Donna Dakin was a profession photographer. She had a matting and framing business. She also worked for the Penobscot Marine Museum. Her comment about the stains on my certificate was a bit on the humorous side. First she said “stain removal is something I would not try.” She went on, “we had a wonderful photograph of grandparents which had water damage. I had to let it go that way and I think it is okay because it’s like us… character comes with age.”

Donna Dakin’s basic practices include use of archival, acid-free mounting materials. Matting and backing must be acid-free. Documents and

pictures must not touch glass. Archival tape should be used to attach hooks at the top of the picture or document. She emphasizes not adhering the subject in any way.

So you have or acquire, as I did, an old picture or document that is framed.

How do you tell if it is properly framed?

One clue is the back. If it is cardboard or chipboard, you have a problem.

Both are acid and will yellow the subject if they have not already. Then there is the matting. Matting is supposed to keep the subject from touching the glass. Is the matting performing its intended purpose? And, is the matting acid-free? If the edge of the matting is yellow, that’s acid. Matting should be as white as virgin, new-fallen snow.

Now suppose your picture or document has some or all of the problems cited above. What do you do? Remove the subject as quickly as possible? The answer here is the same as that for deal-

ing with any heirloom. Don’t try to do it yourself. If the subject has adhered to the glass you could take off some of the surface. Depending on the frame, the glass could break, too, further damaging what it was supposed to protect.

Glass and frame may have irrevocably joined. The solution is to take your heirloom to a professional.

Some families have real heirlooms – remarkable pieces or documents that have been handed down from generation to generation. Most of us do not have families like these. Maybe our ancestors were not the type to save pictures, original birth certificates or high school diplomas. Or maybe these treasures of family history were bought up by an antique dealer. What then?

One place to go searching for family history is eBay. Family bibles and local histories, yearbooks, birth certificates, and other bits of genealogical treasure make a regular appearance there. If (continued on page 82)

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Midcoast Region

82 (continued from page 81)

you’re patient, you may just find an old family document, photograph or other personal treasure. Another place to go hunting is the area where your family once lived.

Twenty or so years ago I found books with a cousin’s name, Fred Francis, on the flyleaf in an antique barn in Washington. Fred lived out his life in Jefferson.

Old photo albums, postcards, jewelry and other family items with no value to collectors often end up in local antique stores. Dealers buy up such treasures cheaply at estate sales, or sell them on commission for family members looking to make a little money off the contents of Grandma’s attic.

Antique stores near where your ancestors lived can hold all sorts of buried treasure – if not that of your family, at least bits and pieces of local history that can give you insight into what it was like when great-grandfather and grand-

mother were alive. Back when there were antique auctions at the Red Barn in Monroe I bought a framed print of a girl from the 1920s holding a glass of a golden liquid. It goes well with the od Paris street scene my wife picked up somewhere else. Both now grace our barn. Heirlooms are what you make of them.

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Midcoast Region

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The MISS FAYE being launched by Bruce Miller’s log skidder in West Waldoboro. Item # LB2005.24.15026 from the Boutilier Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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A Day In The New State Prison Convicts were not coddled

by Kenneth Smith

I

n the year 1825, Sheba Smith, Editor of the Portland Eastern Argus, one of Maine’s largest newspapers, in company with his wife Elizabeth, toured central and eastern Maine. Mr. Smith was planning to write a series of articles on interesting people and places they visited. A keen observer and solid journalist, he was sampling public opinion on our recent admission to the statehood via the Missouri Compromise, when on March 15, 1820, Maine became the 23rd State.

At Thomaston, the recently completed state prison caught his attention, so while editor Smith toured the penitentiary, wife Elizabeth visited the

elegant Knox mansion, the finest residence in the state. Later she would dine with friends while Sheba prowled the prison. General Henry Knox, you may recall, besides having a county and the Nation’s Gold repository named after him had been Washington’s chief of artillery and close friend.

Upon arrival, Sheba’s first act was to ascend the cupola to observe the lay of the land and check out the spectacular views. The prison had been sited on a hill by St. George’s River. Rockland and Penobscot Bay lay 3 miles off northeast. Owls Head and the full sweep of the open Atlantic 6 miles due east, with Warren west and St. George

off to the south.

Next Smith met with and interviewed the seven-man staff. Warden Rose, his assistant, properly termed Turkey or Keeper, a clerk and four overseers or guards, all were most obliging.

The prison was constructed with two separate cell units. These blocks consisted of two rows of cells, side by side. Located between the cell blocks, the granite two-story warden’s residence projected out from the cells.

When weather permitted, some of the convicts worked in the prison yard.

A circular affair, it was connected to the cells. Built of 15-foot-high cedar logs, the platformed stockade was routinely (continued on page 86)

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Midcoast Region

86 (continued from page 85)

patrolled by keepers armed with shotguns.

There were fifty single inmate cells, all currently filled to capacity. Prisoners were locked down every night and released for specific work details the next morning. Those unfortunates held in solitary confinement were detained there the entire period of their sentence.

Also at the time there was no trustee system.

Smith described the cells as being constructed entirely of granite slab, 6 feet long by 2 feet thick and wide.

Rectangular in shape, 4 feet wide by 8 feet in length, barely enough room to hang a sleeping hammock and squeeze by it. A bucket was provided for personal needs. No cupola view for these felons, four windowless walls. A high iron-grated ceiling provided the sole means of access to these escape-proof cells. Several small openings in the floor allowed for some air circulation

and a bit of heat in winter.

At sunrise several armed overseers released the first convict, unlocked the trapdoor, and lowered a long ladder. In turn the inmate would raise the gull on the adjacent cell and extend the ladder. This process was repeated until all prisoners, except those in solitary, were collected, breakfasted and conducted to their daily unpaid labors.

Nearly half the inmates, some thirty, work at the local lime quarry.

Other tasks included stone cutting, blacksmithing, shoe making, carpentry, washing clothes, cooking, barrel making, tailoring and oakum picking.

This involved twisting together strands of tar soaked hemp used to caulk boat seams. Must have been important activity since 6 convicts were assigned to this.

Now, if Sheba’s figures are correct there were sixty-six prisoners for fifty cells. Where the additional sixteen were

kept, Editor Smith makes no reference.

Convict food did not vary. Breakfast and suppers consisted of cornmeal mush and molasses, dinner a thin watery soup. Those in solitary received only bread and water.

Bible readings were observed both at breakfast and at dinner, and were given by a selected inmate. Minister -conducted Sunday services were held, attendance mandatory.

According to Sheba, the most infamous resident was one of the Bay State’s most wanted, “Captain Thunderbolt,” notorious leader of a band of Massachusetts cutthroats. He was nabbed by a sheriff on his way to Canada. Seems the Captain had ‘horsejacked’ a horse and wagon and headed north. Johnson, by name, was the prison barber. Mr. Smith described him as huge, surly and threatening.

At the end of his day-long visit, the newspaper man observed “There was

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perfect order and decorum throughout the day.”

Compare today’s 80% rate of recidivism with that in Smith’s time and you’ll find the return to further criminal behavior by freed convicts was nearly nil. Crime may not pay, but neither does coddling the criminal. * Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

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Midcoast Region

88

Jonathan Cilley Sought Revenge For An 1838 Duel Adapted from “Maine At War”

by Brian Swartz

A

fter a Confederate cannonball mangled him at Middletown, Virginia in 1862, Jonathan Prince Cilley had sufficient excuse to doff his Union uniform and sit out the Civil War. But the hard-riding cavalryman from Thomaston had other plans, despite the Army’s efforts to sideline him into a desk job.

His mangled right shoulder not fully recovered, Cilley took an assignment as a War Department paper pusher in early winter 1863. A major in the 1st Maine Cavalry Regiment, Cilley was out of that outfit’s promotion loop; field

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officers received top priority as vacancies occurred, and a Washington, D.C. bureaucrat did not qualify as a field officer.

Then the 1st Maine Cavalry fought at Brandy Station and Aldie in Virginia in June 1863. The latter battle had killed the regiment’s commander, Col. Calvin Douty. Writing from Washington on Saturday, June 20, Cilley cited Douty’s death as a good reason for Maine Gov. Abner Coburn to restore Cilley to combat duty.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com motion” that Cilley had filed with any Maine official who might help him, including Vice President Hannibal Hamlin.

“The sudden death of Col. Douty, before my return to field service precludes my claiming the position of Colonel, but I do think I have a claim to the position of Lieut. Colonel,” Cilley wrote.

Then he laid bare his soul. Despite his terrible wound and the Army’s subsequent decision to involuntarily retire him for medical disability, Cilley had lobbied in 1862 for reinstatement with the 1st Maine Cavalry. That request granted, he soon realized that Army brass viewed him as a cripple not worth promoting.

That insight stung.

“Is it fair, right, or just that a wound received in the line of my duty, and in the service of my country, should be the means of my disgrace, a bar to any means of promotion?” he asked Co-

burn.

The “Government … has take careful care of, promoted, and heaped honor upon her wounded soldiers,” Cilley stressed. “Why should there be an exception made in my case, and my wound bar me from advancement, and send up any [and] all hopes of honor and usefulness.

“I know my wound has been a severe one, but should that fact be the means of bringing more disgrace upon me, of laying me on the shelf in the springtime of my youth (he was 28) and health, and at the very time a man would wish to live that desires to serve his country,” Cilley wrote.

“Governor, please make my case your own,” he begged Coburn.

Then Cilley explained why he wanted to rejoin the right.

“Vengeance is mine, I will repay,” Cilley figuratively wrote, referring to a quote attributed to God in Romans

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12:19.

Twenty-five years earlier first-term Maine Congressman Jonathan Prince Cilley — now a proud “Senior” since the birth of his namesake son — had on the floor of the House publicly excoriated James Webb, a New York-based newspaper editor. Among the representatives serving in Congress that year was Kentuckian William Graves, a Webb ally and friend.

Angered by the speech, Graves challenged Cilley to a duel. Cilley could have declined, but he, Graves, and their seconds dutifully trekked to the Bladensburg, Maryland Dueling Grounds, site of some 50 duels over the years.

The duel took place on Saturday, Feb. 24, 1838. Armed with dueling pistols, Cilley and Graves fired twice at each other and missed. On the third attempt, Graves wounded Cilley in the leg; he bled to death.

His young son, only 3 in 1838, heard (continued on page 90)

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the tale repeatedly while growing up in Thomaston. Now was the time for payback, Cilley told Coburn.

“Your father has been killed at the very entrance of public life,” Cilley wrote, referring to family history.

“Years after, just as you are attaining the full powers of manhood, the same influence that slew your father seeks to destroy the life of your Country.

“You joyfully rush to its aid, glad of the opportunity to avenge the death of your father, and to serve your native land, you are wounded: laid on the shelf; passed by, others passed over you, and your high hopes of usefulness and renown destroyed,” Cilley related his wartime service.

“Is such a just reward for those who peril their lives that their country may live?” he asked Coburn. “My character as an Officer and a man, is I think, high and honorable.

“I beg, Governor, a careful and

friendly consideration of my claim to the Lieut. Colonelcy of the Regiment,” Cilley concluded.

Coburn did not grant that request, but if Jonathan Prince Cilley sought return to combat status, to the 1st Maine Cavalry Regiment in the field he would go.

And his vengeance he would have.

Cilley would ultimately command the 1st Maine Cavalry, and the Confederacy would hear from him repeatedly and loudly by April 9, 1865.

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Thorndike’s Alden Blethen Raise hell and sell newspapers

by Lorraine McConaghy

I

t’s a long way from Thorndike, Maine to Seattle, Washington, and a long time from 1800 to 2014, but the Blethen family bridges that distance.

In 1810, Job Blethen and his sons moved from Durham out to “the frontier” in Maine’s Waldo County, and built first a crude log cabin and then a substantial farmhouse and barn. The family sheep ranged across the grasslands, and the Blethen men registered their animals’ earmarks with the Thorndike town clerk.

Job Blethen’s great-grandson Alden was born in 1845, one of six children.

Disaster struck when the boy was only three years old: his father died suddenly, leaving his widow Abigail Blethen

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responsible for the farm and the family.

She faced the dry summer and harsh winter, trying to keep the family together in remote Waldo County. Nineteenth century fictional women rose above such difficulties, but Abigail did not – she fled to Boston, leaving her children behind. Such children were called “town paupers,” auctioned off to the lowest bidder who would agree to feed and clothe them – and put them to work. Little Alden Blethen was “farmed out,” and worked on Waldo County farms for a decade.

In his teens, the clever, bookish boy taught in country schools, and eventually enrolled in the Maine Wesleyan Seminary and Female College, at

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Kent’s Hill, near Augusta. In 1864, nearly two hundred young men and women attended this private academy, which offered a liberal arts education in a Methodist context. Blethen graduated from Kent’s Hill in 1868 and began to study law, apprenticed to a Portland firm. The legal profession offered an enterprising young man an alternative to the drudgery of farming; later, Alden Blethen reminisced, “in the good old state of Maine, the lawyer was the man who did things.”

In 1869, he married Rose Ann Hunter, of Strong, Maine, and the young couple could not support their growing family on a law apprentice’s pay. Borrowing family money, they leased the

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com Abbott Family School, in Farmington, Alden as principal and Rose as matron.

Farmington was a bustling market town on the Androscoggin Railroad, boasting a cheese factory, a tannery, spool and wagon factories, nearby mica mines and slate quarries. The Abbott Family School boarded boys from throughout New England, as well as Uruguay, Spain and Cuba. Advertising in the Farmington Chronicle, Alden Blethen noted that the school’s “location was one of the best in the Union, being entirely isolated from all pernicious influences…” and surrounded by “the beauty of the Sandy River valley.”

Under Blethen’s administration, the Abbott School was a success, boarding fifty boys. By 1872, Alden Blethen had made an impression in Maine as an educator and businessman; he was a young man of great promise. He received an honorary degree from Bowdoin College. He was active in the Odd Fellows and in the Republican Party, and head-

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ed the subscription drive to outfit the Farmington Cornet Band. Restless and ambitious, Blethen had begun to study law again in the evenings, preparing to sit for the Maine state bar exam.

In December 1873, the Blethen family left Farmington for the big city — Portland, Maine. They moved into their new home on Bramhall Hill, Portland’s most fashionable neighborhood. Blethen publicized his practice as “Counsellor at Law,” posting advertisements in the Portland Press. In 1874, Portland pulsed with enterprise.

Sixty-five trains passed through daily, carrying passengers and freight to and from Boston, New York and Montreal, and passenger steamers departed daily for Boston and weekly for Europe. $50 million in cargo crossed Portland’s wharves and warehouses each year. Rebuilt after the great 1866 fire, the city seemed brand-new to its population of 35,000. Blethen’s law office was on Exchange Street, as were Board of

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Trade offices, the U.S. Superior Court, the Merchants’ Bank and the Printers’ Exchange, where the Argus, Advertiser, and Portland Press were published.

In the language of the day, Alden Blethen was a “warm man.” Active in Portland politics, building his network of professional connections, he continued his membership in the Odd Fellows. Blethen stumped for Republican candidates James Blaine and Thomas Brackett Reed, and occasionally submitted articles to the local newspapers.

But he was at his best in a courtroom, as a trial lawyer appealing to the jury – flamboyant, sarcastic and wheedling at turns. In 1879, the sensational Charles Witham murder case rocked Portland, and offered attorney Alden Blethen his greatest chance for fame.

Dr. Witham was accused by a domestic, Annie Small, of murdering their baby in a botched abortion attempt. She claimed that he had professed love and (continued on page 94)

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proposed marriage, but instead forced her to take ergot to induce an abortion.

Further, she claimed, when the infant was born alive, Witham murdered the child and hid its body. She knew the baby was living, she said, because she heard it cry. Accused of fornication and murder, Witham chose Alden Blethen as his defense attorney.

Abortion was a felony. But if the baby had drawn breath to cry, the doctor could be tried for murder. At Blethen’s direction, the tiny body was recovered from the privy and placed in a jar of alcohol. At the time, submersion in alcohol made it impossible to know whether the baby’s lungs had inflated – did Blethen realize this? Did he advise this preservation to protect his client?

At first, the Portland newspapers’ reporting favored the professional man, describing servant Annie Small as “weak-minded,” while describing Dr. Witham as “carefully dressed and calm, a good looking man with red side whis-

kers and mustache.” Blethen advised his client to admit to the abortion but deny the murder. Since the evidence was damaged, the case came down to Witham’s word against Annie’s. The jury found Dr. Witham not guilty of murder, and Alden Blethen won a very high profile case in the Portland courts and press.

But by Portland standards, Charles Witham was a libertine. A parade of witnesses enthralled the court with scandalous testimony about the doctor’s promiscuity. Local newspaper readers were riveted by tales of his seduction of a dozen young women – sometimes more than one at a time — in the bed that he shared with his wife. Annie Small produced a sheaf of his passionate letters. Dr. Witham was condemned by public opinion; his way of life “revolting to any human being.”

Attorney Blethen won the case, but lost his reputation. He became noto-

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rious rather than famous. Soon, he formed a partnership with an attorney in Kansas City, Missouri, and left Portland forever. Throughout his life, he maintained that he’d left Maine because of poor health, requiring the “dry climate” of Kansas City. Perhaps. But at 35, he may have wanted to try his luck in the West, to “grow up with the country.” Blethen soon abandoned his legal career in Missouri, and moved north to Minneapolis, to edit and publish newspapers there. In 1893, he traveled to Seattle and purchased the newspaper that became The Seattle Times, thriving in the Klondike Gold Rush. Alden Blethen’s descendant, Frank Blethen, manages that newspaper today.

This article is excerpted by Lorraine McConaghy, from Sherry Boswell and Lorraine McConaghy, Raise Hell and Sell Newspapers: Alden J. Blethen and the Seattle Times. Washington State University Press, 1996.

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Meet Our Writers We would like to give a special “Thank You” to our writers who shared great history stories with us for this edition.

Charles Francis Charles Francis is a Maine native. Born in Portland in 1942, he taught high school history and English at Central Aroostook High School. His antecedents extend back for generations on Monhegan Island and in the Mid Coast Region. Louds Island in Muscongus Bay is named for one of his direct ancestors. In addition to writing local history, genealogy and nostalgia, he is a recognized poet.

James Nalley James is a full-time writer and editor specializing in history, travel, and cultural topics. In addition to his regular column, It Makes No Never Mind, he is a busy editor for the Enago Corporation based in Tokyo, Japan and Mumbai, India. His articles have been published in more than 100 magazines, journals, and websites. When not writing, James is a competitive full marathoner and a frequent traveler who enjoys exploring the mountains, beaches, and volcanoes of Nicaragua.

Brian Swartz A fourth-generation Mainer, Brian Swartz recently retired after a 25-year career as a newspaper editor. An avid historian, he publishes the Maine At War blog, and enjoys writing for Discover Maine Magazine. Brian lives in Hampden with his wife and their fluffy orange cat.

Dave Bumpus Dave Bumpus is a native Mainer, currently living just outside New York City. He holds a Masters Degree in Creative Writing, and specializes in historical pieces, product reviews, blogs, and script writing. In his spare time, he enjoys artwork of various mediums (including Etch-A-Sketches), cooking, shooting darts, and watching TV and movies. He would someday like to be a scriptwriter for comedy shows.

Dale Potter-Clark Dale Potter-Clark is a retired nurse and hospice executive director who currently spends her days (and sometimes nights) doing genealogy, historical research and writing for newspapers, town and organizational newsletters, and her own books and monographs. She is a 10th generation ‘Maineah’ who has loved Maine’s history for as long as she can remember. As a child her parents “dragged her along” on Sunday rides all over the State, for which she is grateful today, and continues to enjoy. Her years as a historical interpreter at Washburn Norlands Living History Center in Livermore augmented her love for Maine and local history. Clark has created several historical blogs and websites where she posts information about early Readfield.

A very special thanks as well to the following writers for their contributions to this edition: Shirley Babb, Kenneth Smith and Lorraine McConaghy.

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Dave Blackwell Plumbing & Heating ..................10 Dave’s Diner ........................................................16 David Murray Home Repair & Cottage Care ..........83 Davis Dirt Works & Excavation .........................94 Davison Construction, Inc. ......................................37 Days Crabmeat & Lobster, Inc. ..............................21 Deb’s Diner .....................................................84 Dickinson’s Painting ..........................................56 Direct Cremation of Maine ...................................89 Dirigo Surveying ........................................................44 Dom’s Barber Shop ..............................................17 Donald E. Meklin & Sons ....................................86 Don’s Redemption Center ........................................8 Dorr Woodcarving & Sign Co. ...............................88 Down River Carpentry .........................................32 Downtown Diner .............................................18 DP Carpentry ....................................................11 Dresden Take Out ...................................................38 Drywall Concepts ..............................................37 Dube’s Music ............................................................22 Dunton’s Doghouse ..........................................82 East Neck Electric, Inc . .....................................46 Eco Seal ....................................................................44 Ed Bouchard Electric, Inc. .......................................8 Ed’s Stuff ...............................................................13 Elder Care Network .................................................47 Electric Works Inc. ................................................33 Elmer’s Barn & Antique Mall ....................................15 Erica’s Seafood ..................................................31 Evergreen Self-Storage ..........................................66 Fair Cape Woodworks .............................................90 Fairground Cafe ....................................................25 Fat Boy Drive-In ....................................................9 Fireside Inn & Suites Belfast ..................................73 First Class Florals ...................................................47 Five Islands Lobster Co. ........................................36 Five K First Class Landscape Arborist .....................57 Fleet Service ......................................................39 Freeport Cafe ........................................................7 French & Brawn Market Place ..................................68 Friendship Painters ............................................59 Fuji Sakura ......................................................23 Game Box Video Games & Comics ...........................24 Gary Doucette Plumbing & Heating .......................78 Gary Ladner Landscape Design, LLC ......................39 Gene Reynolds & Sons Paving .................................35 Genuine Automotive Services ...................................62 Giant Stairs Seafood Grill ......................................31 Giles Rubbish .....................................................80 GLP Builders ......................................................38 Goggins IGA ...........................................................17 Good Tern Natural Foods Coop & Cafe ....................62 Goose River Golf Club ............................................67 Gosselin Mechanical Services ..................................7 Granite Hall Store ................................................58 Gray’s Homestead Ocean Campground .................52 Green Bean Coffee Shop ........................................45 Griffins the Other Place .........................................93 Grindle Builders ...................................................88 Haggett Hill Kennels .........................................83 Hamilton Sandblasting, Inc. ................................25 Hammond Lumber Company ...............................28 Hampton Inn Bath ...........................................34 Hampton Inn of Augusta .......................................44 Harbor Plaza LLC ..................................................64 Harbour Towne Inn on the Waterfront .............53 Harraseeket Lunch & Lobster Co. .............................22 Harry Doughty & Son Excavation ...............................31 Hartford Construction ........................................79 Hatch Well Drillers .................................................78 Hawkes’ Lobster .................................................11 Hawkes Tree Service ............................................31 Head To Toe Physical Therapy ......................................8 Heatwerx ..............................................68 Hilltop Store ........................................................94 Holbrook’s Snack Bar & Grille ...................................29 Home Care For Maine ............................................17 Homeshare, Inc. ................................................60 Houston-Brooks Auctioneers ....................................5 Ideal Septic Service ..................................................83 Indian Trail Antiques ...........................................49 Intercoastal Concrete & Waterproofing Inc. .............94 J&H Marine ...........................................................86 J. Edward Knight & Co. ..........................................6 J.H. Kilton Carpentry & Painting ............................69 James C. Derby Housewright & Home Inspections..85 Janson’s Clothing Store ..........................................54 Jensen’s Pharmacy .................................................65 Jess’s Market .......................................................65 Jewett Builders .......................................................16 John’s Handmade Ice Cream Factory .....................71 Johnson Hall Performing Arts Center ..................39 Journey’s End Marina ..........................................63 Jung Restoration .....................................................33 Just Barb’s Restaurant ...........................................75 Katahdin Cruises ..................................................51 K.V. Tax Service, Inc. ....................................................17 Katahdin Cruises ......................................................51 KDT Towing & Repair .................................................41 Kennebec Cigar Co. ...............................................40 Keystone Masonry Inc. ............................................81 Klassic Klunkers ................................................38 Knights Inn ........................................................10 Kopper Kettle Cafe .................................................25 Lake Pemaquid Campground ...................................48 Lakeview Lumber Co. .........................................77 Larrabee Insurance ................................................15 Larry H. Genthner Building Services ............. .......49

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Linekin Bay Resort ..............................................50 Linekin Bay Woodworkers, Inc. ................................82 Little Saigon Maine ...............................................26 Little Tokyo Maine ................................................26 Lobster Pound Restaurant/Andy’s Brew Pub .......67 Longfellow’s Cedar Shingles & Shakes .......................46 Longfellow’s Hydroseeding ................................46 Lucas Construction ..........................................69 Lyric Meadow Farm ...........................................52 Macomber, Farr & Whitten .....................................76 Mac’s True Value ..................................................94 Maine Coast Lobster Company ...............................86 Maine Coast Petroleum, Inc. ........................................86 Maine Grilling Woods ..............................................93 Maine Historical Society ............................................3 Maine Instrument Flight .......................................42 Maine Lighthouse Museum ....................................64 Maine Lobster Festival .............................................65 Maine Maritime Museum ......................................33 Maine Pellet Sales LLC ...........................................8 Maine State Music Theatre ......................................29 Maine State Prison Showroom Outlet .........................60 Mainely Pottery ..............................................92 Maine Warden Service ...............................................96 Mama D’s Cafe ....................................................52 Maple Lane Builders, Inc. ........................................78 McNaughton Bros. Construction .............................40 Metcalf’s Submarine Sandwiches ...........................48 Mid-Maine Construction Hardscape & Landscape .......39 Miller and Sons Construction .................................84 Millers Garage & Body Shop ................................38 Mishka North Plumbing and Heat Contracting .....65 Mister Bagel Yarmouth ..........................................20 Monhegan Boat Line ..........................................61 Monkitree ..............................................39 Montsweag Flea Market .......................................36 Moody’s Diner .........................................................59 Moon Harbor Realty ...............................................70 Moosehead Marine Museum .............................51 Morning Glory Natural Foods .......................................26 Morse’s Cribstone Grill ..........................................30 Morse’s Sauerkraut ..............................................84 Mr. Tire & Company ...................................................85 Murray Builders .......................................................89 Muscongus Bay Lobster ..........................................59 Narrows Tavern ..................................................60 Nature’s Way Portable Toilets ..................................6 Nautilus Seafood & Grill .........................................71 Neighborhood Redemption & Discount Beverage ...18 North Atlantic Blues Festival ...............................87 North Country Wind Bells .........................................57 Occupational Health Associates .................................34 Offshore Restaurant ............................................89 On The Money Builders, LLC ..............................40 OTHF Construction ...................................................91 Park Street Grille ...................................................62 Pasta’z Italian Cuisine ............................................39 Pat’s Pizza Yarmouth ..............................................20 Patterson’s General Store ......................................94 Paul Hanna’s Plumbing .............................................41 Pen-Bay Glass, Inc. ....................................................88 Penobscot Island Air ..............................................62 Penobscot Marine Museum .....................................19 Percy’s Hardware Co. ...............................................40 Perry’s Nut House ..................................................71 Petrillo’s Food & Drink .............................................23 PFBF CPAs ...........................................................34 Phippsburg Shellfish .............................................12 Phoenix Health & Fitness ......................................95 Pine Grove Cottages ...............................................91 Pine Ridge Heating & Plumbing, Inc. ..........................88 Pinkham’s Seafood ..............................................83 Pioneer Motel ...................................................80 Plumber MD .......................................................16 Pontes Marine ......................................................25 Ports of Italy Ristorante ...........................................49 Prock Marine Company ........................................63 Pro-Rental of Rockport ............................................89 Purse Line Bait ......................................................12 Quahog Bay Inn .....................................................28 Quarry Run Disc Golf .................................................77 Quick Turn Auto Repair & Towing ...........................48 Quonset Hardscape, Inc. ........................................13 R. Lilly & Daughters Excavation ...........................38 R.J. Energy Services, Inc. ..............................18 R/S Auto Repair ...................................................59 Ralph’s Cafe ..........................................................74 Randy’s Performance Maintenance .....................92 Ray’s Automotive & Fabrication ..............................59 Red’s Automotive ...............................................75 Red’s Eats ...................................................................37 Regional Rubbish Removal, Inc. ..............................56 Reilly Well Drilling ..................................................56 Richard’s Restaurant & Edelweiss Lounge .............10 Riverfront Barbeque & Grille ...................................43 Rob’s True Value ..................................................3 Rockland Mercantile Co. .......................................87 Rockport Charters ...................................................66 Rocky’s Stove Shop Sales & Service .........................43 Rodeway Inn & Suites .............................................28 Rogers Ace Hardware ..............................................35 Rolfe’s Well Drilling Co. .........................................41 Roy I Snow, Inc. .........................................................20 S&S Excavators ......................................................85 S.D. Childs & Sons Excavation ....................................78 Sadie Green’s .............................................................53 Sail Muscongus .....................................................50 Salt Bay Art Supply ...................................................79

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Salt Cod Cafe .........................................................10 Samuel Miller Mason Contractor ..........................23 Santana Excavation ...............................................89 Sarah J. Dunckel & Associates ......................................41 Sarah’s Cafe & Twin Schooner Pub ............................14 Sawyer Auto Sales ...............................................96 Sawyer Brothers Inc. ..........................................61 .

Scarborough’s Collision ........................................48 Schooner Bay Motor Inn ..................................66 Scrummy Afters Novelty Candy Shoppe .............41 SD Ryan & Sons Plaster & Drywall ...........................60 Seagate Motel ....................................................82 Seaside Creations ......................................................12 Seymour Excavating Inc. .................................22 Shamrock Stoneworks & Landscaping, Inc. .............27 Shaw’s Fish & Lobster Wharf .................................58 Shear Artistry Family Hair Salon ........................50 Ship 2 Shore Store ...............................................29 Shore Hills Campground & RV Park ..........................53 Shorty’s Towing Service .......................................88 Skip Cahill Tire ..........................................................81 Smith’s Swiss Village Cottages ..........................62 South Bristol Fisherman’s Co-op ...........................57 Southern Midcoast Chamber of Commerce ........26 Southport General Store ........................................56 Spinney’s Restaurant .....................................30 Sprague & Curtis Real Estate ...................................42 Sprague’s Lobster ..............................................38 St. Pierre Concrete Services ......................................24 Steele’s Landscaping & Firewood .............................37 Steve Brann ................................................................23 Stone Shapers Custom Landscaping ......................31 Strong-Hancock Funeral Home .........................48 Sunset Cabins ....................................................47 T&D Variety ......................................................54 T.E. Berry Excavation & Trucking ............................74 Tardiff Excavation ............................................79 Temple Well Drilling Inc. ..........................................24 Thai Garden Restaurant .......................................22 The Birches Resort ................................back cover The Bog Tavern ...................................................58 The Cabin ............................................................13 The Cabins At China Lake .....................................45 The Cashmere Goat ...............................................90 The Chimney Doctor .................................................8 The Country Inn .....................................................68 The Driftwood Inn ...................................................30 The Gin Mill .....................................................43 The Good Table ....................................................72 The Harbor Hotel ....................................................56 The Mount Battie Motel ...........................................70 The Sea Gull Shop .......................................................84 The Shop Classic Restoration ............................24 The Theater Project ...................................................5 The Tidewater Motel ..........................................63 The Town Landing Restaurant ................................24 Thomas Bandsaw Mills ........................................93 Thomaston Grocery .........................................60 Thor Construction .................................................28 Tim’s Heating & Cooling Sales & Service ................15 TM Precision Flooring .........................................45 Tom Roberts Construction .....................................93 Topsham Truck Auto & RV ..................................25 Town of South Bristol ..............................................57 Tri State Staffing ...............................................76 Triple K Excavation ...............................................7 Tweak’s Small Engine Repair ...................................16 Two Fish Boutique ..................................................47 Two Hogs Winery ..................................................45 Two Salty Dogs Pet Outfitters .................................54 Union Area Chamber of Commerce .......................88 Union Stone / Stone Masonry & Design .....................65 Unique Spiral Stairs .................................................95 United Realty ..................................................72 Upright Building Services ........................................27 Uprising Solar & Electrical .......................................56 Vancil Vision Care ................................................96 Vickery Cafe ......................................................18 Vintage Barber Shop ...........................................13 Vintage Maine Images.com .................................3 Wanderin Moose Campground .........................96 Wardwell Construction & Trucking Corp. .............96 Warren Auto Barn ..................................................61 Waterfront Flea Market ....................................9 Water’s Edge Carpentry .........................................66 Weaver’s Roadside Variety ....................................93 Webber & Sons ..................................................11 Wellman Plumbing & Water Treatment ..............95 WellTree, Inc. ......................................................4 Weskeag Inn ....................................................85 Weston’s Meat Market .....................................40 Wetty’s Yardscaping & Lawncare ................................8 White & Bradstreet Inc. .....................................43 Whitecap Builders ................................................74 Wilson Construction & Landscaping .......................60 Wilson’s Drug Store ............................................13 Windsor Fair ....................................................46 WinsMor Garage Door Co., Inc. ...........................74 Wiscasset Glass ..................................................14 Wiscasset Motor Lodge ........................................36 Wiscasset, Waterville & Farmington Railway Museum ..15 Woodfield Farm ..................................................15 Worcester’s Lobster Bait & Trap Runners ...................75 WOW 1 Day Painting ..............................................38 Yankee Lanes ...................................................30 Yankee Yardworks ..............................................23 Ye Olde Forte Cabins ...............................................57 Young’s Lobster Pound ........................................72

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~ 2015 Midcoast Edition ~

Midcoast Region