2022 Midcoast Region

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Maine’s History Magazine Volume 31 | Issue 5 | 2022

15,000 Circulation

Midcoast Region

The Boothbay-Built Bowdoin Maine’s official sailing vessel

Warren’s Ellis Spear

20th Maine Regiment captain

Gardiner’s William Clark Noble A renowned sculptor

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Midcoast Region

Inside This Edition

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3

I t Makes No Never Mind James Nalley

4

Monhegan A magical place John L. Raye

9

Old Fort Western To Mark 100 Years As Museum (reprint from the Kennebec Current) Bob Bennett

13 Climbing The Towers (Excerpt from Salt and Roses by May Davidson) Submitted by Island Port Press 16 Yarmouth’s Eleazar Burbank Doctor took his profession seriously Brian Swartz 20 Topsham’s Pottery Connection Collectibles contain a piece of Topsham Charles Francis 29 Gardiner’s William Clark Noble A renowned sculptor James Nalley 36 The Boothbay-Built Bowdoin Maine’s official sailing vessel Charles Francis 40 Waldoboro-Built Ships They met different fates at sea Brian Swartz 44 Rockland’s 1863 Dance Event was sponsored by firefighters Brian Swartz 47 Sons Of Union Veterans Of The Civil War “Keeping the memory alive in Maine” Robert Richford 50 The British In Belfast Cause for concern among locals Brian Swartz 55 Warren’s Ellis Spear 20th Maine Regiment captain James Nalley 58 Bucksport’s Edward Winslow Hincks A battle-scarred Civil War general James Nalley 60 Joanna Carver Colcord The social work pioneer’s Searsport connection James Nalley

Maine’s History Magazine

— Midcoast Region — Publisher Jim Burch

Editor

Dennis Burch

Design & Layout Liana Merdan

Advertising & Sales Dennis Burch Owen Davis Tim Maxfield

Advertising & Sales Manager Tim Maxfield

Field Representative Don Plante

Subscriptions / Billing Liana Merdan

Contributing Writers Bob Bennett • May Davidson • Charles Francis James Nalley • John L. Raye • Robert Richford Brian Swartz

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Front Cover Photo: Verona Bridge in Bucksport. Photo courtesy of Diana at Frank’s Barber Shop in Bucksport.

All photos in Discover Maine’s Midcoast Region edition show Maine as it used to be, and many are from local citizens who love this part of Maine.

Photos are also provided from our collaboration with the Maine Historical Society and the Penobscot Marine Museum.

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It Makes No Never Mind

by James Nalley

A

t the time of this publication, the relatively warmer weather should arrive, and summer plans will be in the making. However, in light of the ebb and flow of the COVID-19 pandemic, various questions will remain such as “Are there fun outdoor activities?” or “Are there safe social-distancing events in the MidCoast Maine area?” In this regard, the answer is a hard yes. The following are just a few choices.

First, there is the Odd Alewives Farm Brewery (OAFB) in Waldoboro.

Founded by John and Sarah McNeil, it includes a newly renovated 1820s barn, which currently houses the brewery and tasting room. It is also surrounded by more than 22 acres of gardens and forest. According to the McNeils, “We grow a variety of hops, fruit, herbs, and even vegetables all for beer production. Ingredients not produced on the farm are sourced locally, to capture the taste of a true Maine farmhouse ale. On top of their craft brews, they offer 12” wood-fired pizzas (with a menu that changes weekly) and s’more kits (with their fire pit reservations). For more information, their website is www.oddalewives.com.

Second, sometimes people come up with unique ways to share their skills

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and promote their businesses. The Uproot Pie Co. is no exception. Based in Thomaston, Jessica Shepard (a graduate of the Western Culinary Institute in Portland, Oregon) provides her mobile wood-fired pizza oven. According to Shepard, “After connecting with mobile wood-fired pizza vendor Mark Doxteder, she learned that you can put just about anything in a wood-fired oven!”

To date, she has been booked for everything from weddings and backyard birthdays to a gathering of friends just for fun. For example, every Wednesday night in the summer, she pulls her oven into the front yard of the Oyster River Winegrowers (www.oysterriverwine. com) in Warren for an evening of pizza and wine. For more information, her website is www.uprootpieco.com.

Finally, as they say, “It’s difficult to find a bad lobster roll in Midcoast Maine.” In this case, there are several favorites. For those who want to follow the press and are willing to wait in a long line, there is Red’s Eats (www. redseatsmaine.com) in Wiscasset. It is no surprise that it continues to garner awards and media coverage. However, located across the street and arguably as good is Sprague’s Lobster (find them on Facebook). According to NewEngland.com, “Sprague’s serves a righ-

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teously fine lobster roll, and it has two big pluses over its cross-street rival: there’s no long line to stand in, and it serves whole-lobster dinners with all the trimmings, which isn’t on the menu at Red’s.” Meanwhile, if you want to head out to Spruce Head Island, there is McLoon’s Lobster Shack (www.mcloonslobster.com), where they serve everything from whole lobster and lobster rolls to crab cakes and roasted littleneck clams.

Well, on this note, let me close with the following outdoor-inspired jest: Two men go camping and hunting in the forest. They are walking along with their guns and enjoying the outdoors when one man suddenly collapses. His friend grabs him to see what’s wrong, but he doesn’t move. He immediately calls 911. The man shouts frantically into the phone, “My buddy just collapsed! He isn’t moving and I think he’s dead!” The 911 operator calmly replies, “Sir, first, you need to make sure he is actually dead.” The operator hears the man leave the phone. She then hears footsteps followed by a moment of silence and a loud BANG. The friend returns to the phone. “Okay, he’s dead, now what?”

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Monhegan A magical place

by John L. Raye

I

feel like salt water, sweat and seaweed when I think back…….It was the most beautiful yet frightening day yet of my young life. The day started uneventfully enough. I was working at The Maine Photographic Workshops in midcoast Rockport in 1974. It was deep summer and I had arranged for a day off work to take a photo excursion to Monhegan Island an hour or so off the rocky shore and out to sea.

The trip held an exciting yet deeply meaningful prospect for me. As a photographer I was always intrigued by its mystical allure for great and not so great artists of many passing generations. Also, my parent’s first huge fight had happened there and for years its coldness hung in the air. Monhegan

had bad associations for my folks. All my photography and artist friends said I had to visit there at least once and I was drawn to it like a moth to the flame.

I had befriended an elderly lobsterman with a thick downeast accent as salty as the brine he challenged, yet he somehow survived for fifty odd years.

His eyes were weathered and the color of the sea. He was a grizzled man of few yet well chosen colorful words.

He called himself, “the old man of the sea” and I called him Tom. This ancient mariner had volunteered to take me out to Monhegan in his wooden, much patched small boat. This was quite an honor, because he needed lobster sales to keep the wolves from his shanty door. Yet we had set a date weeks earli-

er and he was waiting for me in the fog at the much mended wharf at five a.m. in the classic old masted lobster boat that was by now really quite gritty.

I carefully climbed straight down the ladder at the end of the pier weighed down by a heavy camera case over my shoulder. The boat waited in the low tide and in the darkness.

The sun was soon rising in the east and trying mightily to cut through the mist. It was already warmish yet the salt air made it feel moist. I smelled gas from the old one-lunger as it’s thudthud set our tempo. Tom threw over the bow line and we chugged out into the little harbor. Tom said, “we may have some sea later as the wind is from the northeast, yes siree sir. It may get a

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com touch rocky and a rolly.” I sat in silence on a milk crate and rummaged through my kit. Camera with Kodachrome and camera with Tri-X black and white… check… extra macro lens… check… telephoto lens… check… wide angle lens… check … extra film check… check. Tom didn’t talk much. He drank hot coffee from a thermos and navigated by feel out into the ocean. It was still fairly foggy with deep green chop and seagulls overhead.

The trip was spetacular! Fog — then clear with green light streaks picking up the diamonds on the exposed white caps. There was a good breeze and the swells dipped and peeked through the crests and troughs. Tom said, “half expected you would be sick, ayah.” The fog cleared again and I hadn’t seen anything but the ocean for over an hour and a half. I must say I savored every minute of that voyage.

The old man pointed out a speck in the distance that was our destination.

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On the way in to shore a seal came up next to us and sized us up with a knowledgeable gaze and disappeared. Tom warned me to be prompt at the dock at three o’clock. He told me to watch for rogue waves as he waved to the one hermit and only resident of Manana Island just on the way in and wished me good luck as I launched myself out of the boat and onto the empty ferry pier.

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He would fish while I was ashore to make some income.

I trudged up the little hill and admired my surroundings. The sea was everywhere. A huge relic anchor brought me back to earth and a few rustic houses and fishing sheds welcomed me to the island. Keeping to the lonely deserted path that followed the rocky shoreline I searched for the petroglyphs (cont. on page 6)

Midcoast Region

6 (cont. from page 5)

carved in the rock an eternity ago. They seemed to be in an unreadable Celtic script. A tame deer came out of the woods and looked at me from ten feet away then disappeared into the brush from which it had come.

At last I found what I had hoped for. An overlook down into a tide pool glimmering in light and color some thirty feet below. Golden and silver and gray with starfish. I found a safe perch to lay down with my camera pointing down at an unbelievable spectacle. I thought deeply, chose a lens, the Canon F-1 with Kodachrome , composed my frame carefully and started bracketing my shots.

The sea crashed on the granite below the rocks with the tide pools in a deep voice as the crows shrieked and then went quiet.

I heard a deep thunder but was concentrating on my camera angle, too much to worry about the weather.

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Then I saw it… a towering monster of a wave engulfing my island and safety. I jumped to run but it was too late.

The thunderous weight hit me, knocked me down and swallowed me up. I was drowning and being somersaulted down into the ocean. I hit a boulder hard and was caught in a crevasse as the monster retreated into Neptune’s realm. I was full of water and bruised but alive and conscious. I heaved up sea water, brushed off a halo of fish-smelling seaweed and unconciously prayed to God to save me. The sea was seemingly still and there was a timeless silence. Then I realized I was still alive… finally and mysteriously alive and the wave was gone…. As were my cameras… and all my equipment… but I was alive! I had made my offering to the sea and was released by the sea.

I somehow made my three o’clock appointment at the dock but it was a very long and somber voyage, sitting

among a dozen haddock, back to the mainland. It was a day that has haunted my every waking moment and will as long as God lets me live.

Now I’m the old man. I lost touch with Tom, the old man of the sea, a couple of years after I moved away. He has, of course, been long departed from this mortal coil. I look back now to see what I gleened out to sea at Monhegan. Paramount would be an effort to be present with the bigger picture. Mother Nature, in her subtle, and not so subtle ways, truly rules. I almost went back into the sea which, in a way, we all came from.

The ocean still rises and falls like it did before man thought he ruled the seas.

The tides will come and go long after man has departed. There will be diamond highlights on the crests and deep green in the troughs, and the tides will forevermore carry on.

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Old Fort Western To Mark 100 Years As Museum (Reprinted with permission of the Kennebec Historical Society, as seen in the January-February issue of the Kennebec Current)

by Bob Bennett

I

n 2020 — or 2021, depending on your pandemic timeline — Maine celebrated its bicentennial of statehood. Now in 2022, Kennebec County and more specifically, Augusta, are noting the 100th anniversary of the Old Fort Western Living History Museum as a public entity and attraction.

Activities planned to mark this milestone include an August 20 tavern night at which participants will be able to purchase a tankard containing a Colonial-type beverage. Also, a shallop — a low-slung rowboat used by Au-

gusta’s early settlers — will be brought up from Plymouth, Massachusetts, and put on display at the fort, which is a National Historic Landmark.

Other events include: • Mother’s Day activities commemorating Augusta midwife Martha Ballard, whose 1785-1812 diary chronicled day-to-day life in a rural New England setting; • Fundraising events on Memorial Day; • Father’s Day events on the river from Pownalborough (today’s Dres-

den) to Old Fort Western to Fort Halifax, in conjunction with Winslow’s Halifax Days; and • A Fourth of July cannonade using vintage guns, at which the city of Hallowell’s 18th-century copy of the Declaration of Independence will be on display.

The city of Augusta took the then-dilapidated fort in 1919 by eminent domain and deeded it to local father-and-son publishing entrepreneurs William H. Gannett and Guy P. Gannett. After extensive renovations that (cont. on page 10)

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included building blockhouse replicas and restoring the stockade fencing, the Gannetts gave the reborn edifice on the east bank of the Kennebec River back to the city, according to the city’s website. It opened as a museum on July 4, 1922.

The historic space has a varied past, dating to the period before the American Revolution. As was true of many of English colonies in North America, habitation and commerce in Massachusetts – of which Maine then was a part – moved inland and upstream from the Atlantic. Starting with the early settlement at Popham at the mouth of the Kennebec River, colonists began interacting and trading with native Americans, planting and harvesting crops from the new soil, and reaping profits from local products such as lumber and animal pelts. Gradually those ac-

tivities proceeded up the rivers, so the need for further settlements, and thus defenses, increased.

The original Fort Western was built in 1754 on its present location on the eastern shore of the Kennebec River, two years before the onset of the Seven Years’ War — or as it was more widely known here in the New World, the French and Indian War, so named for the enemies of the British at that time. The site was chosen because it was the end point of navigation for ships sailing up the river from the Atlantic Ocean. Those vessels were bringing supplies and passengers from the English Colonial center of Boston.

In turn, much of the cargo was taken overland up the river to replenish Fort Halifax at Winslow. The original Augusta post featured a two-story main structure, a store and warehouse, and

blockhouses and watchtowers on corners of the log wall, or palisade, that surrounded everything.

The first garrison was a 17-man detachment from Massachusetts commanded by Capt. James Howard, who was a direct ancestor of the Gannetts.

Protected by cannons that fired 4-pound projectiles, the fort’s occupants took care of mostly everyday duties such as preparing food and drink and gathering firewood. Though Fort Western was not directly attacked during the French and Indian War, the garrison remained in place when the Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the conflict. To maintain an English and Colonial presence on the river, some soldiers stayed on-post until 1767.

In 1769, Howard bought the fort and about 900 acres surrounding it for about 270 British pounds.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com Fort Western’s second military exercise, of a sort, came in the fall of 1775, the first year of the American Revolution. The expedition led by Benedict Arnold in his ill-fated attempt to capture the British fortress at Quebec spent a week or so at the post in late September. Arnold and other officers, including the infamous future U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr, were guests of the Howards in the fort’s quarters while the remainder of the force took a break and prepared for their march up the Kennebec River and down the Chaudière River in what is now Quebec province, an arduous and intrepid venture that ultimately ended in failure.

During its short stay at Fort Western, the Arnold expedition engendered a major crime as well. According to a document produced by the Gannett Publishing Company in 1922, one of Arnold’s soldiers, Reuben Bishop,

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was shot and killed by a colleague, James McCormick. The incident occurred while the two, and allegedly a number of others, were drinking alcohol in their quarters. McCormick was sentenced to death but that fate was reversed and he was sent to a military jail in Boston, where he ultimately died of natural causes.

After the revolution, Howard, along with his sons Samuel and William, controlled the property. A commercial firm, S&W Howard, was established,

and that company became a major factor in the shipping and distribution of goods and products into and out of the developing Augusta area. William Howard lived in the fort until his death in 1810. After that, the main building gradually receded into tenement-type housing. As the city website states, “At that time, it was surrounded by several decrepit buildings that eventually became a refuge for the illegal sale of liquor. The neighborhood be-

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Midcoast Region

(cont. from page 11)

came an unsavory menace to the city.”

Fortunately, that would change. The several business and manufacturing enterprises that developed in the area vanished by the 1980s, and their buildings were demolished. The city then was able to recreate the fort’s appearance of the late 18th century.

Today America’s oldest surviving wooden fort is a tourist destination and an educational resource, staffed by docents and helpers. It regularly hosts visiting school groups from around the state.

Details of the upcoming events and festivities are expected to be announced as the centennial celebration approaches. The museum is scheduled to be open from June to November.

More information is available on the city’s website and at the fort itself at 16 Cony Street, Augusta, ME, 04330.

The phone number is (207) 626-2385.

A postcard image of Post Office Square in Freeport, ca. 1930, located at the corner of Main and Bow Streets. Item # 17411 from the collections of the Maine Historical Society and www.VintageMaineImages.com

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Climbing The Towers (Excerpt from Salt and Roses by May Davidson) Submitted by Island Port Press

M

any people are drawn to the sea either because they were brought up next to it, as it was for Jim and me, or for its endless fascination. Exploring it, making a living from it, enjoying its beauty, challenging its danger, and being awed by its constant change pulls us to its shores. As all surface land water finds its way to the sea, so do most humans at some time in their lives.

There are things unique to the ocean and its coastlines that are found nowhere else, such as lighthouses. People are captivated by them even if they have no experience with boating or realize the importance of their existence.

Lighthouses have always had a

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meaning for us beyond their value when making a passage on a dark night. As teenagers, we were privileged to have the light keeper at Pemaquid Point take us up inside that wonderful old tower.

It was not very high, but history seeped from its walls.

Anywhere we find a lighthouse in our travels we have to see it, walk around it, read about its past, and hope we can be allowed inside. Few are open to the public. One that was open was Cape Hat- teras Lighthouse, that massively tall and black spiral striped spire on the Outer Banks in North Carolina.

It has rested upon that flat and boundless sandpit for many decades. (cont. on page 14)

Midcoast Region

14 (cont. from page 13)

A few years ago we climbed two hundred and forty-two steps to its top.

On the way we observed with vague concern the many deep, long, darkened cracks in its walls and marveled that the whole thing hadn’t given up in a hurricane. It looked ready and waiting for one.

When our weary bones arrived at the top, a uniformed attendant was greeting the breathless who had completed the struggle. He looked to be quite fit and in his forties. I asked him if he made this journey every day, thinking he must be almost able to jog up the great length of steps by now. He replied that he did, and that he dreaded the killing pain of it each day.

The view was far reaching. High surf pounded the interminable miles of sand. There was beauty in it, but also relentless monotony of sand, sea, and horizon unbroken by forested islands like the Maine coast. Going down the

steps was almost worse than going up.

My legs quickly turned to rubber.

A few years after our visit to Cape Hatteras, when the mammoth task of moving this lighthouse back from the encroaching sea had successfully taken place, we could only think of the tower’s great age and the stress cracks in its walls. We marveled at man’s ingenuity to ensure its survival of the move.

Our most cherished lighthouse visit took place on our own Maine Coast. The lighthouse is perched on the ledges of a relatively small, thickly spruce-covered island. There must have been a house by the light, but it has been gone for decades. There is no habitation on the island—it is completely wild, likely because landing on it is so difficult. It is all stone-jawed rocks. No coves or small beaches. Perhaps in the days of the light keeper there might have been a crude railway. We couldn’t imagine how they off-loaded supplies. With the

light now automatic, this was no longer a problem.

As we passed this island, we often wanted to land on it and explore around the lighthouse, the spruce woods, and the shore, but there was always breaking water to deter us. One calm mid-summer day, we were not far from the island and saw there were only smooth swells sweeping the rocks.

We looked at each other with a glance that said This is the day. We dropped the anchor in the lee of another island, lowered the inflatable dinghy, and headed for a long flat ledge near the lighthouse that seemed the most logical place to land. The swells were long, but reasonably gentle enough to negotiate the ledge without tearing the bottom out of the Rubber Ducky if we timed the waves carefully. With the dinghy safely above the water line, we set out for the adventure we had been waiting for.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com clang. At the top we stood entranced for almost an hour by the astounding view of islands, ocean, and distant mainland. What made it so special was that we were the only two people on the island and in the lighthouse of this small, magical world. When we left, we

searched for a large rock and propped it against the tower door so it couldn’t blow open anymore. We felt we had been allowed to be part of a beauty so deep and moving it was almost a religious experience.

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The rock outcroppings around the tower had several indistinguishable, weather-worn initials and dates carved into them. The old dates showed that it had to be the light keepers who labored to put their initials here, perhaps as a way to leave their mark during those long and lonely days.

The island was on its own planet of sun, wildflowers, and pun- gent aromas of spruce and the sea. Profound silence reigned as well. But, oh, the lighthouse!

In delighted awe we saw that its simple rugged door was half open, and there was no latch on it. We hesitantly peeked inside. The iron spiral staircase was heavily rusted, and the walls inside were darkened with age. The ancient past of this edifice was so penetrating we found ourselves whispering in reverence.

As we climbed the rust-encrusted stairway, it shuddered often, and every step we took echoed in a resounding

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16

Yarmouth’s Eleazar Burbank Doctor took his profession seriously

by Brian Swartz

B

orn in Scarborough in 1793, Eleazar Burbank grew up working at hard physical labor, “which gave … him a vigorous constitution, and habits of industry and economy.” Sometime during his youth, he apparently met a trusted doctor who stirred in Burbank an interest in medicine.

Once of legal age, Burbank “twice walked 100 miles and back from Maine to Dartmouth Medical School to attend the lectures” in Hanover, New Hampshire, a biographer noted. After graduating from Dartmouth, Burbank “settled in Poland … where he practiced with much success.”

Small-town Maine doctors often

traveled some distances to tend their patients. Burbank’s “circuit extended to many of the surrounding towns” during the years he lived in Poland, where he courted and married a local woman, Sophronia Ricker. A son, Augustus Hannibal Burbank, was born in Poland on January 4, 1823. He would follow his father’s footsteps by becoming a doctor

after studying medicine at the Harvard Medical School, graduating from there in 1847.

Meanwhile, Dr. Gad Hitchcock practice medicine in Yarmouth and continued doing so until dying at age 49 on November 17, 1837. “A committee of citizens, chosen to select a [replacement] physician,” asked Burbank to take over Hitchcock’s practice, the Portland Daily Press wrote in June 1867, not long after Burbank’s death. Moving his family from Poland in 1838, Burbank later bought the Federal-style house built in Yarmouth by Dr. Ammi Mitchell, a physician who had died in 1824. Now on the National Register of Historic Places, the house

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Burbank “had a high reputation as an intelligent, faithful and successful physician,” the Daily Press claimed. He “was a man of sound judgment, close observation and patient investigation,” the last trait being valuable as Burbank developed “a large practice, extending to many of the adjoining towns.

“In his practice he was kind, having a tender regard for the sufferings of the afflicted,” the newspaper stated.

The good doctor was well known for not forming “his opinions till he had carefully examined the facts. He had a mind capable of applying judiciously what he read and was possessed for strong common sense.”

“His reputation as a physician was founded on true merit,” the Daily Press wrote in an era when quack doctors and patent medicines (usually heavy on the alcohol, mercury, or opiate side) were what many people associated with the medical profession.

Professionals like Burbank took their work seriously and knew they did not always have the answers. He asked advice from other doctors, but apparently felt comfortable with his own knowledge.

“Seldom did consulting physicians have occasion to change his treatment,” the Daily Press stated.

To strangers or patients who did not know him well, Burbank “may have seemed timid and excessively cautious” — a good trait for a doctor in that era — “but this careful forming of his opinions rendered them more valuable,” the newspaper claimed.

Timidity did not carry too far into public life, however. Burbank “took an active and prominent part in town affairs” and often moderated public meetings; a shy man would avoid such duty. He was particularly interested “in the educational affairs of the town.”

Indications are that Burbank was an intellectual who “read carefully on the

important subjects of the day. He had industry, energy and patient thought … and what he professed to know [,] he knew thoroughly.” the Daily Press stated.

Not among the “non-descript neutrals” or among “the so-called modern conservatives, opposed to all improvement and progress,” Burbank was politically liberal and “more resembled the radicals who strive for an uprooting of evils.”

Specifically, Burbank was a Republican abolitionist who won election to the Maine State Senate in 1857 and “served … with fidelity and honor.” A man “intelligent and decided,” he vehemently opposed the Confederacy and “united heartily with all the lovers of truth and free government to suppress reason and rebellion.”

Closely following Union war efforts, Burbank could be found “rejoicing in success, and sorrowing in our defeats,” (cont. on page 18)

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stated the Daily Press. “His anxiety at times … was great” as the war dragged on, “but when victory finally crowned our arms, [and] rebellion was crushed,” Burbank “greatly rejoiced.”

He served as “an office bearer” in a Yarmouth church, and “his excellent pastor” published a treatise on Burbank’s “character as a Christian” after the doctor died.

He practiced medicine for 29 years in Yarmouth before falling ill. “In his last sickness, crowds, almost daily, visited him, eager to learn his condition and to express their sympathy,” the newspaper heard from Yarmouth residents. Burbank “is now gone, and the void created is seen and felt in church, town and State,” the Daily Press said.

Dolbeck and Ricker of the Chandler Concert Co. in Freeport, ca. 1908.

Item # 17728 from the collections of the Maine Historical Society and www.VintageMaineImages.com

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This dramatic image shows the Pejepscot Paper Company on Main Street in Topsham in the background, with the Androscoggin River roiling in the foreground. Item # 5430 from the collections of the Maine Historical Society and www.VintageMaineImages.com

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Topsham’s Pottery Connection Collectibles contain a piece of Topsham

by Charles Francis

P

ottery collecting is one of the fastest-growing hobbies today.

In fact, it is so popular that it is rare to find many examples of pottery in the myriad of antique stores that one can find in most any Maine town or elsewhere for that matter. Pottery productions from the past, whether they be glazed vases, figurines, jardinieres, or kitchenware are in demand. So too are pottery frogs, alligators, turtles, kittens, rabbits, and birds as well as pottery apples and lemons.

Two of the most popular collectible pottery brands from the past are McCoy and Shawnee. Both began operation in Ohio, the former in Roseville and the

latter in Zanesville. Today coffee table books are published almost annually on McCoy and Shawnee productions.

Besides containing exquisite photos of particular pieces of each company’s work, the books also give current price listings.

McCoy and Shawnee and other pottery brands from the early 1900s have a decided Maine connection, most notably a Topsham connection. Maine feldspar was a major component of a fair amount of the pottery produced some one hundred years ago, and much of that feldspar came from Topsham. In fact, in the 1920s and ‘30s, Topsham, with two mills and many quarries, pro-

duced more ground feldspar than any other town in the United States.

Feldspar ground to an extremely fine consistency is almost universally used in manufacturing pottery, as well as wall and floor tiles. All pottery, except for earthenware such as flower pots, contains feldspar. It is also the chief ingredient in the fine glaze that is applied to the pottery. In addition, feldspar is used in wood fillers and glass, and because it is mildly abrasive, in soft cleaning preparations and soaps.

The first feldspar quarry and mill in Topsham was that of the Trenton Flint and Spar Company of Trenton, New Jersey. Its operation opened in

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com the town’s Cathance district in 1869.

The company shipped ground feldspar to Trenton to be used in the manufacture of pottery. Topsham’s next feldspar concern was opened by the Maine Feldspar Company in 1912. While there were other feldspar operations in Maine — there were many quarries in Hebron, Rumford and Peru and a grinding mill operated for a time on Commercial Street in Portland — the Maine Feldspar Company was by far the most successful.

The Maine Feldspar Company was first established in Auburn in 1902 by B. Gilpin Smith, who was president, and his nephew Norman Smith, who was treasurer and general manager. Initially, the Auburn plant produced ten tons of ground feldspar a day. This output soon increased to thirty tons a day.

However, it was the Maine Feldspar Company’s Topsham plant that was to be the company’s major operation.

Both B. Gilpin Smith and Norman Smith were “from away.” Both were

born in Conowingo, Maryland and made their first marks in the business world in the Middle Atlantic states.

Both, however, were to make Brunswick their home and become important members of the community there. Their contributions to their adopted hometown, and the role played by the Maine Feldspar Company in Topsham and the surrounding area, is part of the story of Topsham feldspar and its pottery connection.

B. Gilpin Smith and Norman Smith were members of the Society of Friends or Quakers, a sect noted for its commitment to community service. As such, both were active members of the community contributing to a wide variety of community betterment projects and local area businesses in Brunswick and Topsham. These included the Brunswick Development Company and the Rotary.

By the 1920s the finely ground feldspar of the Maine Feldspar Company was in demand all across the country.

It was used by the McCoy and Shawnee pottery companies and countless others for this was the period when retailers like Sears, Woolworth’s, and S.S. Kresge ordered their own special pottery designs, and companies like Proctor and Gamble offered pottery as premiums. In fact, many movie theaters even had special pottery nights to attract housewives. Maine Feldspar Company feldspar was also used in Bon Ami soap (cont. on page 22)

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and other abrasive cleaning products.

The Maine Feldspar Company’s Topsham operation was a major employer for the area. Over seventy-five workers made their living at the mill throughout the 1920s and into the 1930s, as well as some fifty more in the company’s quarries. During this period, which was the heyday of Topsham feldspar, the Maine Feldspar Company mill’s production averaged at least forty tons of ground feldspar a day.

In the 1940s the demand for feldspar declined as synthetics began to replace pottery. Today chain stores like Walmart and Sears no longer carry their own specially designed pottery.

This is part of the reason why McCoy and Shawnee pottery creations are now prized collectors’ items — collectibles that quite likely contain a bit of Topsham.

Hubbard Hall at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, ca. 1920. Item # 4247 from the collections of the Maine Historical Society and www.VintageMaineImages.com

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Midcoast Region

People disembarking from a vessel and walking onto Orr’s Island in Harpswell, ca. 1900. Item # 6492 from the collections of the Maine Historical Society and www.VintageMaineImages.com

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New Meadows Inn in West Bath, courtesy of Maine Maritime Museum

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Bird’s eye view of Wiscasset in 1879, which provides an idea of how busy this coastal harbor once was.

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Gardiner’s William Clark Noble A renowned sculptor

by James Nalley

T

he Maine State House in Augusta was built in 1832, just one year after the city became the capital. Previously topped by a cupola, the building was remodeled in 1909–1910 and the cupola was replaced by the current copper dome rising to 185 feet.

However, it is the draped female figure that adorns the dome that makes it special. Although commonly confused for Athena (the Greek Goddess of Wisdom), it was created and donated by a Gardiner-born man who called it the Lady of Wisdom. In this regard, her upraised right arm symbolizes the city of Augusta, while the pine torch in her hand represents the state of Maine. He would go on to win numerous sculpting competitions and commissions, many of which were monuments of well-known

figures such as Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson.

William Clark Noble was born in Gardiner on February 10, 1858. He and his older brother were raised by his maternal grandfather after his father, a ship’s captain, was lost at sea.

According to his biographical article by the Bronze Gallery (1998), “Noble showed great fondness for art at an early age, spending many hours modeling animals in the local clay near his grandfather’s home. He then decided that he was going to become a full-time sculptor at the age of eight, after reading the life story of the Danish sculptor Berthel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844).” Thorvaldsen had made a name for himself as an award-winning sculptor, maintaining a large workshop in the city of Rome, It-

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In 1870 his grandfather died, after which 12-year-old Noble went to Boston and became an apprentice to an architectural sculptor for three years.

He continued his studies in art with the American painter Charles Franklin Pierce (1844–1920) and the American sculptor Richard Greenough (1819– 1904) in Boston. In 1879, Noble opened his first studio in Newport, Rhode Island. After gaining a reputation in the region for his detailed sculptures, he was naturally chosen to create the Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1890) at Congdon Park in historic Newport. The monument consists of a bronze statue (cont. on page 30)

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Midcoast Region

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of a soldier standing and a sailor kneeling. On each side of the base is a large plaque representing the Grand Army of the Republic, the State of Rhode Island, the Artillery, and the Cavalry, respectively.

By the 1890s, New York City had become the most important location for sculptors in the United States, since many profitable commissions were awarded there. Accordingly, in 1892, Noble moved to New York and opened a studio. As stated by the Bronze Gallery, “After opening his studio, he received many monumental commissions, most of them being awarded after winning sculpture competitions.

In fact, out of the 32 competitions for monuments that Noble entered, he won 29.” Among his most notable works in the city is the Phillips Brooks Monument at the Church of the Incarnation in mid-town Manhattan.

In 1904, the Louisiana Purchase Ex-

position, also known as the St. Louis World’s Fair, was held from April 30 to December 1. More than 60 countries and 43 out of the then-45 U.S. states presented exhibitions at the event. It was attended by approximately 19.7 million people. In general, historians emphasize the importance of the fair and its long-lasting impact on scholars in the fields of history, art, architecture, and anthropology. Meanwhile, Noble was commissioned to present not one but three sculptures, including Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas Jefferson, and Revolutionary War General “Mad” Anthony Wayne.

In 1924, Noble was selected by the Woman’s Universal Alliance to create the Mothers’ Memorial planned (but never built) for Washington, D.C., in honor of motherhood and the “world’s great women.” As for Noble’s relationship with women, he was married three times, including his last marriage to

Emile Berlin Bleecker. His son, William Clark Noble, Jr., also became an artist.

Interestingly, Noble not only produced high-profile sculptures, but he also designed coinage such as the Charles William Eliot medallion (1924), the Guatemala quetzal (1925), and the Panama balboa (1931). However, Noble became best known for his sculptures of soldiers and well-known figures in American society. For example, his long list of commissions includes Lincoln the Candidate (1909); George Washington Carver (1910); the 50th and 100th Pennsylvania Volunteer Reserve Infantry Monuments (1904), respectively, at Antietam Battlefield, Maryland; the Civil War Memorial (1906) at the Centre County Courthouse in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania; and the aforementioned Lady of Wisdom at the Maine State House. (cont. on page 32)

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Midcoast Region

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On May 10, 1938, Noble died in Washington D.C. He was 80 years of age. He was subsequently buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in Gardiner.

Although his legacy as a sculptor has been cemented through his works, perhaps his generosity and motivation to produce long-lasting sculptures was the most important. For instance, he wrote, “I was spending time in Boston, and happened into the office of Mr. Desmond, the architect, and noted, while looking over the plans for the alteration of the Maine Capitol, that he had suggested a statue for the dome. In answer to my questions, he informed that there was no appropriation made to pay for such a one as he would like to have, but informed that the contractor would put some type of figure in tin or zinc, pressed in halves and riveted together…” Noble immediately went to the

William Clark Noble with sculpture in 1924 contractor and interested him in a copper statue, making a gift of his time and skill. When it was finally gilded and

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Midcoast Region

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The Boothbay-Built Bowdoin

by Charles Francis

I

Maine’s official sailing vessel

n the spring of 1941 the United States Navy purchased an eighty-eight foot long, Maine-built sailing vessel. For twenty-seven months the vessel saw almost constant duty in what most knowledgeable mariners consider the most treacherous waters in the world.

Making the schooner’s duty even more hazardous was the fact that the waters she patrolled were the almost unfettered hunting grounds of the German Navy’s wolf pack of U-boats. In fact, for much of the time the vessel saw duty, German submarine captains referred to the period as “the happy time” and the region as “the happy hunting ground.”

The reason why German submarines had near-free reign in the North Atlantic, from the waters around Greenland

all the way down the east coast to the Gulf of Mexico, was that the American Navy was concentrating almost all its efforts in the Pacific. The only military vessels of any consequence patrolling the coast of North America were Coast Guard vessels and jury-rigged, privately owned yachts which had been volunteered for active duty by their owners.

Yet, throughout this period, the vessel survived all the North Atlantic could challenge her with, including ice-packs and hurricane-force gales. The vessel was, of course, the Boothbay-built Bowdoin, one of the most famous ships ever built in Maine, and Maine’s official sailing ship.

Given Maine’s maritime heritage, it is not at all surprising that she should

have an official sailing vessel. Several states, as well as countries with maritime traditions, have one. Some are training vessels like New Zealand’s Leander. Others, like the USS Constitution, “Old Ironsides,” are historic landmarks. Still others, like Nova Scotia’s Bluenose, which could be considered a first cousin of the Bowdoin, serve as ambassadors of goodwill. The Bowdoin, which was Donald MacMillan’s Arctic exploration vessel as well as the World War II naval vessel, is all of these.

The Bowdoin slid down the ways of Hodgdon Brothers of East Boothbay on April 9, 1921. In the nineteenth century, Boothbay, like Gloucester, Massachusetts and Lunenburg, Nova Scotia,

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com was a center for the Grand Banks fishing industry. As such, the Bowdoin is in the tradition of the Grand Banks schooner, like Lunenburg’s Bluenose, which was built for the cod-fishing grounds off Newfoundland. In fact, the Bowdoin and the Bluenose have a good deal in common.

Anyone who goes below decks in the Bowdoin or the Bluenose is struck by the similarity of traditional construction and spacing. For example, the forecastle of both vessels is constructed with tongue-and-groove planking. In both, the mess table is forward of the mast, and the lockers serve as seats.

Above decks, the deckhouses of both are low, and take up little space, allowing for an uncluttered work area.

In addition, the rigging is designed to be as simple as possible and handled by as few crewmen as possible. In particular, neither vessel has topsails. This design is a safety measure as well as one which expedites handling. North

Atlantic winds like those of the Arctic are known for their unpredictability, and not having to venture high above deck to raise and lower sails is a decided advantage. However, the hull of the Bowdoin is quite different from that of the Bluenose, as it was designed for the Arctic rather than the North Atlantic.

Today the Peary-MacMillan Museum at Bowdoin College serves as a repository for most of Donald MacMillan’s records. Included in them are MacMillan’s specifications for the Bowdoin. MacMillan’s specifications state, “She should have the very best white oak in her frame, heavy oak planks, white pine decks, a heavy ceiling of Oregon pine, and an outside sheathing of greenheart or ironwood to serve as protection against the abrasive power of the ice. To be without this last,” MacMillan said, “is to court disaster the minute one enters the ice.”

Aside from the Bowdoin’s ironwood sheathing, her hull is quite similar in

appearance to the hulls of Grand Banks schooners like the Bluenose. She has a traditional “Knockabout hull” with sharp bilges. The Bluenose, in fact, is even sharper in design, which made her victorious in all her famous races against Gloucester fishermen. In the case of the Bowdoin, the sharp design was to facilitate passage through the ice. The Bowdoin, however, carries a good deal more ballast than a traditional Grand Banks schooner — twenty-one tons of iron and concrete. The intent of the added weight was to allow her to settle through ice she may have been driven up onto. The other big difference in appearance between the traditional Grand Banks schooner and the Bowdoin is the shape of the prow. The Bowdoin has a spoon-shaped bow, another feature to facilitate passage through the ice. Traditional schooner bow design evolved from the clippers, which were as sharp as possible for speed. The Bowdoin, of course, is much more staunchly built (cont. on page 38)

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Midcoast Region

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than traditional schooners with, among other things, double-sawed supports.

Another difference between the Bowdoin and traditional schooners is storage. For MacMillan, the Bowdoin was a floating classroom which he used to introduce young people to the flora, fauna, geology, and other wonders of the Arctic. For this reason it was constructed with all manner of compartments for the safe storage of scientific equipment and specimens.

Today the Bowdoin is recognized as one of the greatest exploratory vessels of the twentieth century. The Peary-MacMillan Museum at Bowdoin College serves as a permanent memorial of this achievement.

All told, Donald MacMillan made twenty-six trips to the north with the Bowdoin. The majority who sailed to the Arctic on her were either Bowdoin College faculty or students. She transported a variety of scientific instruments north, and brought specimens back to civilization and Bowdoin Col-

lege and other institutions for analysis.

In fact, in one year, 1938, she brought back some forty thousand botanical specimens.

The Bowdoin’s last voyage of Arctic exploration occurred in 1948 and 1949.

By that time, countless “boys” had sailed on her with MacMillan and his wife, Miriam.

For a number of years the Bowdoin made Wiscasset her home port. She was also a frequent visitor to Camden, where countless summer tourists had the opportunity to view her. Today she is proudly utilized as a part of Maine Maritime Academy’s Merchant Marine Training Program.

In 1986 the Bowdoin was honored as Maine’s official sailing vessel. In 1989 she was designated a National Historic Landmark. The two events were fitting tributes for the historic East Boothbay-built vessel, which during World War II also performed a vital role in the defense of America as the USS Bowdoin.

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Midcoast Region

40

Waldoboro-Built Ships

by Brian Swartz

W

They met different fates at sea

aldoboro shipbuilder George L. Welt was so well known that a Boston shipping merchant hired him to build several ships early in the 20th century.

In his heyday, William F. Palmer had 15 ships built to haul coal to New England seaports, and Waldoboro yards turned out six. Welt went on a spree in the early 20th century, building for Palmer the 2,075-ton Fannie Palmer in 1901; the 1,763-ton Paul Palmer in 1902; the 2,315-ton Dorothy Palmer in 1903; and the 2,357-ton Singleton Palmer and 2,400-ton Harwood Palmer in 1904.

At least three of these schooners met their fates at sea.

The Paul Palmer had a close call while docked at Baltimore in 1908.

A fire sweeping that city’s coal docks torched the schooner’s foremast, but swift repairs soon put the ship out to sea again.

With Captain Howard B. Allen in charge, the Paul Palmer unloaded coal at Bangor in June 1913 and stopped briefly in Rockport. Allen had aboard 11 people, including his wife and daughter.

He sailed from Rockport on June 13 to load coal at Newport News, Virginia. Not far off Cape Cod on June 15, the Paul Palmer caught fire; crewmen took to the pumps to fight the advancing flames, but Allen finally ordered his

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Everyone took to the ship’s boats.

The Rose Dorothea, a fishing boat out of Gloucester, Massachusetts, rescued all the crew and passengers and took them to Provincetown. The Paul Palmer sank.

Early in the 21st century, the ship’s remains were found on the ocean floor at Stellwagen Bank, now a national marine sanctuary between Cape Ann and Cape Cod. The Paul Palmer has since been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Welt laid the keel for the five-masted Singleton Palmer in June 1903.

When completed, she would be 269 feet long and 45.6 feet wide. Virginia

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com oak reinforced with iron straps formed the ship’s frame, and the outer planking was 5½ inches thick. Made from Oregon pine, each mast was 118 feet long.

The schooner had four cabins. One housed the 25-horsepower main engine and boiler room, and a smaller cabin housed a second, similar-sized engine.

A third cabin contained the crew’s quarters and the galley, and the main cabin housed the spacious quarters for the captain and officers.

Despite her two steam engines, the Singleton Palmer was designed for wind power caught in her 11,000 yards of canvas spread aloft. A beautiful ship seen through 21st-century eyes, she was a workhorse intended to haul dry cargo; particularly cargo supposedly her holds could carry a maximum 4,400 tons.

Work progressed well through summer and fall, with employment ranging between 100 and 125 men, including

master carpenter George W. Billings, rigger Henry Bohndell, blacksmith Elisha Varney, and sailmaker S.A. Jones.

Winter 1903-1904 proved brutally cold along the Midcoast and so icy that by mid-February local newspapers speculated when the Sheepscot River ice would sweep away the toll bridge connecting Edgecomb and Wiscasset.

The snow and cold often delayed work on the schooner.

Welt inauspiciously launched the Singleton Palmer during “a heavy snowstorm” on Saturday, April 16, 1904, noted a local reporter attending the event. “The snow was falling in clouds” when the ship was slated to slide down the ways at 10:30 am., and six inches of snow on the ground hampered workers trying to knock out the blocks keeping the vessel upright.

A large crowd watched from both Medomak River shores as the planned launch time came and went. Ax-wield-

ing workers split the wooden blocks.

Finally, the Singleton Palmer moved “so slowly … that she had gone a foot or more” before anyone realized the ship was moving.

“She went fast, making a very pretty sight as she slid off the ways in a heavy snowstorm.” thrilled the reporter.

Reaching the Medomak River, the schooner flew through the water and struck hard the mud along the opposite shore. The collision busted the ship’s rudder “and started her stern-post,” the reporter said. The collision’s noise echoed upriver into downtown Waldoboro, and people aboard the ship later said they thought the Singleton Palmer had struck a ledge.

“This is the first accident of any kind to occur at a Waldoboro launching,” the reporter observed.

Soon repaired, the Singleton Palmer dutifully hauled coal for William Palmer until he sold his fleet to the J.S. (cont. on page 42)

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Midcoast Region

42 (cont. from page 41)

Winslow & Company in 1911. That firm managed other freight, including lumber, and ultimately sold some of the Waldoboro-built ships.

The Singleton Palmer remained a workhorse until she sank after a circa 1920 collision with another ship off the East Coast.

The Harwood Palmer suffered a violent end, too. Owned by New York City-based France & Canada Steamship Corporation, the schooner was hauling steel bars from Boston to St. Nazaire, France in late May 1917.

As the ship entered the Loire River estuary, German submarine UC-21 surfaced and shelled the vessel with a deck gun. Exploding shells hit home; her skipper anchored the Harwood Palmer near shore, but the ship sank without any casualties among her crew.

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Rockland’s 1863 Dance Event was sponsored by firefighters

by Brian Swartz

A

s winter 1863-1864 settled over Rockland, residents relied on a volunteer firefighters’ association, Dirigo Engine Co. No. 3, to protect the Lime City against the destructive fires that often occurred in that era.

Firefighters met monthly, trained, kept their equipment spotlessly cleaned, and turned out whenever alarms sounded in Rockland. Autumn had been quiet, perhaps too quiet, and the cold weather arrived with little action on the firefighting front.

But life was not all serious duty for Rockland’s finest.

With the United States observing its third Christmas at war, Rockland resi-

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dents seemingly had little reason to celebrate, yet the Rockland Gazette opined in early January 1864, “It is probable that Christmas was never more generally celebrated than last week.

“We think that the expenditure for Christmas gifts in this city was greater than for any year past, and Christmas festivities were more abundant than usual,” the paper commented.

Facing competition from other events, the Second Baptist Church women moved their fair from Christmas Eve to December 22. “Well attended and successful, as usual,” the fair netted $100, a decent sum in those days.

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Over at Atlantic Hall, which doubled as the Knox County courthouse, a concert featuring “Sunday School scholars and … juvenile singers” took place before “a large audience” on Christmas Eve, the Gazette reported.

The Christmas tree set up inside the hall “was loaded with presents for the young people.”

Over at Rockland City Hall, Santa Claus showed up for a Christmas Eve program held by the First Baptist Sabbath School and the church’s congregation. As at Atlantic Hall, “the Christmas tree was loaded” with presents, which were passed out as the evening wore on.

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On Christmas night the Quadrille Band held a dance at Atlantic Hall “for the benefit of our sick and wounded soldiers” via the U.S. Sanitary Commission, a civilian organization serving soldiers at the war front. Although the band played superbly, a “not very large company” attended, and the band raised only $50.

Doubtless the poor attendance at Atlantic Hall was caused by Christmas night’s “most popular entertainment,” the dance held at Pillsbury Hall by Dirigo Engine Co. No. 3. Announced weeks earlier, the dance was probably the most anticipated holiday-season event in Rockland.

“The Dirigo boys deserve much credit for initiating this plan of a Christmas benefit for the soldiers, and the spirit, efficiency and good management which they always bring to their public entertainments will, we doubt not, en-

sure the success of the plan which their generosity has devised,” the Gazette had commented in early December.

Also a fund-raiser “for the benefit of the soldiers,” the dance drew “a very large company” that left “the hall … somewhat crowded,” but revelers had a good time as a four-piece band played.

Invited “to ‘trip the light fantastic,’” people danced late into the evening in what was billed as “the best hall for dancing in the city.”

Always thinking ahead, the Rockland firefighters organized a free supper managed “by the ladies” (apparently women affiliated with Dirigo Engine members). Everyone attending the dance was invited to sit down and dine “without money and without price,” with fifty couples being seated at a time, according to the Gazette.

The firefighters raised $123 for the Sanitary Commission.

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Life was not all fun for Rockland firefighters, of course. Around 10:30 p.m. on Wednesday, January 27, 1864, someone discovered fire “issuing from the rear part of the lower story” of a “joiner’s shop” on Main Street, in the heart of downtown Rockland.

Alarms rang, “and the [fire] engines were promptly on hand” as Dirigo Engine turned out en masse to battle the blaze. A reporter wrote that “the building and contents were of most inflammable material,” and a bright and hot fire was expected.

But “the atmosphere” was “nearly at a calm,” and with “the tide being in and hydrants in good order,” Dirigo firefighters poured water on the fire. The reporter’s phrasing suggests that salt water flowed from local hydrants, but the possibility remains unclear.

Exerting “emulous energy,” the vol(cont. on page 46)

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unteer firefighters “promptly subdued” the fire “with but little injury saved to the interior of the building and its contents,” the latter including “doors, sash and blinds, fencing material and lumber,” the reporter wrote.

Experienced firefighters examining the scene once the flames were out noted that “the fire was undoubtedly the work of an incendiary,” which meant the fire had been set.

“This fire (the first for several months) happened under circumstances so favorable to prevent a more extended conflagration,” the Gazette commented. However, to keep Rockland safe, “such renewed vigilance on the part of the night-police” was required “to prevent the hellish work of the incendiary” (arsonist).

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Sons Of Union Veterans Of The Civil War “Keeping the memory alive in Maine”

by Robert Richford

T

he Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW) Department of Maine is a not-for-profit patriotic organization whose purpose is to carry on the mission of the Grand Army of the Republic, the largest Union Veteran’s organization.

The Grand Army of the Republic was a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army, Navy, Marines, and the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service who served in the American Civil War. The Grand Army of the Republic was founded in 1866 in Springfield, Illinois. It soon grew to include hundreds

of “posts” across the nation (mostly in the North, but there were also a few in the South and West). GAR linked men through their war experience and became among the first organized advocacy groups in American politics, supporting voting rights for black veterans, promoting patriotic education, helping to make Memorial Day a national holiday, and lobbying the United States Congress to establish regular veterans’ pensions. This responsibility now falls on the federal government through the Veterans Administration.

The organization of the GAR was

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(cont. on page 48)

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Midcoast Region

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based upon three objectives: fraternity, charity, and loyalty. The first ideal of the fraternity was encouraged through regular, locally scheduled meetings and joint gatherings with members from other posts. Here, a group of comrades sat in their hall or around dinner tables, singing old war songs, recounting wartime experiences, and swapping accounts of their deeds. Cities in twenty-two states, from Maine to Oregon, hosted the veterans.

To promote the Grand Army’s second objective, charity, the veterans set up a fund for the relief of needy veterans, widows, and orphans. Medical, burial, housing expenses, and food and household goods purchases were funded by the GAR. Loans were arranged, and sometimes the veterans found work for the needy. The GAR was active in promoting soldiers’ and orphans’ homes. Through the Grand Army’s efforts, soldiers’ homes were established

in sixteen states and orphanages in seven states by 1890.

President Lincoln signed an act near the end of the Civil War, creating the National Asylum or homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. The Eastern Branch at Togus, Maine, was the first of the new homes to open in November 1866. Togus is now the primary hospital for veteran services in Maine, with satellite services throughout the state.

To promote the Grand Army’s third objective, loyalty, the GAR emphasized supporting veterans, remembering them on Memorial Day, and making sure they are never forgotten. The Grand Army’s responsibilities did not end in supporting and caring for veterans.

The Grand Army was dissolved in 1956 when the last member died. The GAR handed over the responsibilities to the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. Originally named the Sons of

Veterans of the United States of America, it was founded in November 1881 to ensure the preservation of principles of the Grand Army of the Republic and to provide assistance to veterans.

Today this responsibility falls to the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War to carry on the Grand Army of the Republic’s objectives of fraternity, charity, and loyalty. The Department of Maine was founded in 1883 and currently consists of camps with members who carry on the objectives of the Grand Army of the Republic.

The Grand Army’s peak membership, at 410,000, was in 1890, a high point of various Civil War commemorative and monument dedication ceremonies. It was succeeded by the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, which is composed of around 6,000 male descendants of Union Army, Navy, Marine and U.S Revenue Cutter Service veterans. In Maine, there are

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com about 80 current members with goals of additional growth of members in the future.

The Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War Department of Maine is a notfor-profit patriotic organization whose purpose is to carry on the mission of the Grand Army of the Republic, the largest Union Veteran’s organization.

Founded on the principles of Fraternity, Charity, and Loyalty, the Order perpetuates the work of the Union Veterans.

The Department of Maine was founded in 1883 and currently consists of camps in Bangor, Camden, and Dover Foxcroft with members found throughout the throughout the state.

The Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War conduct meetings to interact and transact business and discuss correspondence received. On occasion, field trips are organized to visit Civil War-related sites in New England and the South. In addition, Brothers fre-

quently attend State, Regional, and National Encampments of the Order. Elsewhere, members volunteer their time conducting historical research on the Maine Civil War experience, visiting cemeteries throughout Maine to register and photograph Civil War veteran’s graves, and evaluating the condition of Civil War monuments.

Each spring, members travel to graves of Civil War soldiers to place a small American flag on the grave, a tradition that dates to the 1800s. Fur-

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thermore, every May, members gather for the most important day of Civil War remembrance: Memorial Day. If you are a member of Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War you are eligible to join The Sons of Veterans Reserve. SVR is the ceremonial uniformed military component of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. The National Military Department of the SVR consists of the General Staff and seven geographical Military Districts across the nation. Sons of Veterans Reserve Units participate in Civil War related ceremonies, parades, living history programs, and re-enactments.

If you would like to find out more information on the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Department of Maine, you can visit https://suvcwmaine.org/

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Midcoast Region

50

The British In Belfast

by Brian Swartz

P

Cause for concern among locals

aul Revere never rode through Belfast crying, “The British are coming! The British are coming!”

He should have, however, since he encountered the Royal Army just across Penobscot Bay — and the British did come to Belfast. Revere wasn’t in town the first time they came through, though.

That occurred in the summer of 1775. Lexington and Concord were already memories, and Americans had already seized the Royal Navy cutter Margaretta in a short, sharp engagement off Machias. Sometime by midsummer, the British prisoners taken there were on their way to George Washington’s camp near Boston.

John Davidson, an early Belfast resident, recalled the initial moment when everyone learned that the British were coming. A panic-stricken neighbor, surnamed Durham, ran to Davidson’s house, claiming that he had seen “red coats and glistening guns ... approaching the road from the shore.”

While his wife bolted for the woods — a standard hiding place — Davidson waited to meet the oncoming soldiers.

They proved to be twelve prisoners captured in Machias. Using an impromptu shuttle, Americans were funneling the soldiers along the coast to Massachusetts.

Three Americans had brought the prisoners to Belfast, where Davidson,

John Durham Jr. — perhaps his frightened neighbor — and Samuel Mitchell placed the British soldiers in a boat and sailed them to Camden. Other Americans took the prisoners farther south.

Davidson never forgot that interesting excursion along the Midcoast. “We three — he and his companions — sat in the stern of the boat with our guns in good order and loaded,” he later wrote.

“No doubt the prisoners could have taken us, as they probably each had a knife, had they attempted it,” David recalled. “Some of them appeared cross and ill-natured, but they made no attempts to go from us or to harm us.”

Life along Penobscot Bay remained quiet until 1779 when the British moved

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51

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com in force to occupy the region. In June of 1779 Captain Henry Mowatt, the arsonist who burned Portland, — called Falmouth in those days — brought three sloops and some transports to Castine, or Bagaduce. After taking the town, the British started building Fort George atop the ridge overlooking Castine Harbor.

The Massachusetts Commonwealth reacted vigorously by dispatching forty-three ships — nineteen warships and twenty-four transports — to face down the British. Dudley Saltonstall commanded the naval forces, Solomon Lovell the infantry. Paul Revere went along as the artillery commander.

Belfast residents gathered on high ground to watch the opening maneuvers. “I saw the American fleet when it came up the bay, and the vessels attacking each other,” a woman wrote.

“The sound of the guns was distinctly heard.”

The expedition ended in disaster.

On August 13, 1779 seven English warships stood up the bay. The American campaign came apart at its seams.

American ships fled upriver as far as Bangor. What the Royal Navy did not capture along the Penobscot River, the American crews burned. No Colonial vessel escaped. Soldiers and sailors, including Paul Revere, escaped through the woods to Massachusetts.

So, Belfast residents faced enemy troops across the bay. Some fleeing American troops passed through Belfast where they received food and clothing. With the British so near, most Belfast residents joined the flight. In a few days, the town was almost deserted.

There later occurred a tragic incident in which a British infantry patrol got lost in the fog in Belfast. The British blundered into Americans who took offense at their presence. A short ex-

change of gunfire killed Lt. Armstrong, a British officer. He was buried near where he fell, but the next day, British soldiers disinterred his body and buried him in Castine.

Peace returned after the Revolution ended, and no one in Belfast expected to see British troops again. But the United States and Great Britain fought the War of 1812, and the redcoats returned to Castine on September 1, 1814.

Warships and soldiers went upriver to win the Battle of Hampden and occupy Bangor and Brewer. Three other ships sailed into Belfast Harbor after an officer “convinced” Wiggins Merrill of Belfast to act as pilot. That evening the 29th Regiment of Foot disembarked in Belfast. The residents were quite impressed. After forming on the waterfront the seven hundred soldiers stepped out to the popular English tune, The British Grenadier, which was played by a band comprised of black (cont. on page 52)

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British troops spread through Belfast and occupied the larger buildings in town. Pickets watched the roads leading out of Belfast. No one interfered with the occupation.

Satisfied that the Americans would give them no trouble, the British left Belfast on September 7th. Not all British soldiers returned to Castine. At least one soldier successfully deserted. He got as far as Montville, where he settled down.

While the British occupied Belfast, Maine militiamen gathered in Belmont.

They marched hither and yon — toward Hampden, then back to Belmont, into Belfast after the British evacuated that town, and finally toward Camden, the next town rumored to be on the Royal Army’s “hit list.” The militiamen did repulse an attempted landing at Northport, but whether or not shots were fired remains questionable.

The nine-month British occupation

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Warren’s Ellis Spear 20th Maine Regiment captain

by James Nalley

O

n July 2, 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg in the U.S. Civil War, Confederate General Robert E. Lee attempted to capitalize on his success from the first day. In this case, the Army of Northern Virginia launched multiple attacks on the flanks of the Union Army of the Potomac, including Little Round Top, the smaller of two rocky hills south of Gettysburg. It was there where the 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, commanded by Lt. Colonel Joshua Chamberlain, defended the attacks, culminating in the dramatic downhill bayonet charge. At his side, commanding the left of the regiment, was his good friend and acting major from Warren.

Ellis Spear, ca. 1875

(cont. on page 56)

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Ellis Spear was born in Warren on October 15, 1834. There, he grew up on his family’s farm and regularly attended a Presbyterian Church and Sunday school. He eventually enrolled at Bowdoin College and graduated in 1858.

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56 (cont. from page 55)

casset while studying for the bar examination. As stated on Spear’s biography on www.20thmainecompany.com, “In the early fall of 1862, President Lincoln called for 300,000 more volunteers to help put down the rebellion. Spear began recruiting a company of men from Wiscasset, his hometown of Warren, and the neighboring areas of Lincoln and Sagadahoc counties.” Overall, the company of “87 men, was assigned to the 20th Maine Regiment and designated as Company G,” with Spear (a captain) serving as the commanding officer. However, according to the American Battlefield Trust (ABT), “The 20th Maine was not, as Joshua Chamberlain noted, one of the state’s favorite fighting units. No county claimed it; no city gave it a flag; and there was no send-off at the station.”

As for Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg, it was left undefended, due to some strategic deci-

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sions by the higher command. In this case, General Gouverneur Warren, after climbing Little Round Top, found only a small signal corps station there.

Meanwhile, he saw the glint of bayonets in the distance, realizing that a Confederate assault was imminent.

As the Alabama and Texas regiments began their relentless attacks, the 15th Alabama attempted to find the Union left flank, which consisted of 386 officers and men of the 20th Maine and the 83rd Pennsylvania. According to the article “Battle of Gettysburg: Fighting at Little Round Top” (2006) by David Cross, “Despite heavy losses, the 20th Maine held through subsequent charges by the 15th Alabama for approximately 90 minutes. Chamberlain (realizing that his men were out of ammunition, his numbers were being depleted, and his men would not be able to repulse another Confederate attack) ordered his men to equip bayonets and counterat-

tack, thus crediting him for one of the most well-known actions of the entire war.”

However, as stated by the ABT, “After Chamberlain ordered bayonets, the Union line hesitated until Lieutenant Holman Melcher sprang out in front of the line with his sword flashing.

Meanwhile, Captain Ellis Spear said he never received a formal order and only charged after he saw the colors start forward, while Chamberlain claimed there was no hesitation and said that the line quivered for the start.” Moreover, “Great responsibility also fell upon Captain Spear, whose flank was to start the attack, otherwise the charge would not pivot and work to its fullest potential. But Spear gets curiously little credit for marshaling and organizing the tactics of the left flank of the 20th Maine. Spear literally controlled half the regiment during the climactic counterattack.” It was perhaps this lack of

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com credit and the conflicting accounts that “helped create the rift that later developed between him and Chamberlain.”

In this regard, Spear simply believed that all of the officers shared in the battle, both fully and honorably, but that the bayonet charge was a success “largely due to the spirit of the enlisted men.”

Later, according to the ABT, “Spear suggested (somewhat bitterly) that the abundance of articles written by Chamberlain himself indirectly led to Chamberlain receiving sole credit for the victory.” Furthermore, most of the primary information about Little Round Top “did not come directly from Chamberlain, who published 25 separate writings on the battle. Chamberlain was also a member of the official Maine at Gettysburg Commission and wrote the organization’s chapter on the 20th Maine.”

As for this so-called “Chamber-

- Western slope of Little Round Top in 1863 -

lain-Spear Controversy,” Desjardin wrote the following: “There are elements of truth in what we know today of this ‘controversy,’ but the notion that a blood feud existed between the two is far-fetched…In the post-war years, the affection Spear had for the senior Chamberlain did not abate. In fact, they corresponded, attended reunions and other events together, and shared a key role in memorializing their old regiment.”

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After Gettysburg, Spear was promoted to lieutenant colonel and full colonel in September 1864 and May 1865, respectively. He then assumed command of Brigade 2, Division 4, V Corps in June 1865. He was mustered out of the volunteers on July 16, 1865.

Regarding his post-war years, Spear returned to the field of law and became a patent attorney. He even served as the U.S. Commissioner of Patents from 1877 to 1878. According to the Arlington National Cemetery website, “Spear made his home in Washington D.C., where he died on April 3, 1917. He was subsequently buried at Arlington National Cemetery. As for his legacy, his book The Civil War Recollections of General Ellis Spear was posthumously published in 1998, and he was portrayed by Donal Logue in the 1993 film Gettysburg and by Jonathan Maxwell in the 2003 film Gods and Generals.

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58

Bucksport’s Edward Winslow Hincks A battle-scarred Civil War general

by James Nalley

I

n 1861, a Bucksport-born man received a regular army commission as a second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Cavalry. However, after the U.S. Civil War broke in April of the same year, he was offered a volunteer commission as the colonel of the 19th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Seeing it as an attractive command position, he promptly accepted it and led the men in several major battles, beginning with the Battle of Ball’s Bluff in October 1861 and ending with the Battle of Antietam in September 1862, where he was seriously wounded. After (mostly) recovering, he eventually commanded the 3rd Division of the XVIII Corps, which was composed entirely of United States Colored Troops, many of whom were former slaves who had volunteered to fight in the Union Army.

Edward Winslow Hincks was born in Bucksport on May 30, 1830. After attending local public schools, he moved to Boston, Massachusetts, at the age of 19, and worked in the printing and publishing business. Through his connections in the city, Hincks went on to get elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1855. He

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General Edward Winslow Hincks, ca. 1864

also served on the Boston City Council in the same year.

As the country braced for the oncoming civil war in 1861, Hincks, due to his leadership experience, received a regular army commission as a second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Cavalry. However, as stated earlier, when the U.S. Civil War officially began on April 12 of that year, Hincks was offered a volunteer commission as the Colonel of

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the 19th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. At that time, the 19th Massachusetts was organized at Camp Schouler in Lynnfield, Massachusetts, and it was mustered in for a three-year enlistment on August 28, 1861.

Under Hincks’s command, the regiment left two days later for Washington D.C., where it would camp in the area until October 21, when it finally saw action at the Battle of Ball’s Bluff. This battle was one of the early skirmishes of the war in which the Union Army (under Major General George B. McClellan) suffered a humiliating defeat, despite having an equal number of troops on each side (approximately 1,700).

Although the Union loss was relatively small, compared to other battles, it had a significant impact on future military affairs. For example, according to the National Museum of the U.S. Army, “In addition to losing 223 soldiers, the Union lost a sitting senator, which led to the establishment of the Congressional Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War.” Its establishment “would bedevil Union officers for the remainder of the war (particularly those who were Democrats) and contribute to nasty po-

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litical infighting among the generals in the high command.”

Hincks and his regiment went on to fight in the Peninsula Campaign (March to July 1862) and the Battle of Glendale (June 1862), where he was wounded.

In the latter battle, Confederate General Robert E. Lee failed to achieve his objective of preventing the Union Army’s retreat and destroying Major General George McClellan’s forces.

As for Hincks, according to the book Massachusetts in the Rebellion (1866)

by P.C. Headley, “he was wounded by a bullet through the upper portion of the right thigh, and received a severe contusion in the left ankle, after which he was sent to the rear.”

Upon recovering, Hincks returned to his regiment for the Maryland Campaign (September 4-20, 1862), which was Lee’s first invasion of the North.

However, Lee was promptly intercepted by McClellan near Sharpsburg, Maryland, resulting in the Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862), the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. history.

This was also where Hincks was seriously wounded. As stated by Headley, “Col. Hincks fell wounded with a bullet through the right arm that fractured and shattered the bone, and another that went through the abdomen, passed over the right hip in front, penetrated the colon, and exited the left side of the spine, in the region of the kidneys.” Hincks’s

wounds were thought to be so serious that obituary notices appeared in Massachusetts newspapers.

Although he did manage to recover, the wounds disabled him for six months and caused him pain for the rest of his life. For his actions in battle, Hincks was brevetted to the rank of colonel in the regular army. Then, while on convalescent leave, he was promoted to Brigadier General of Volunteers in November 1862. However, due to his wounds, he was assigned to restricted positions, such as court martial and recruiting duty, for the next two years.

From March to May 1864, Hincks commanded the prison camp at Camp Lookout, Maryland, which was relatively mundane. He was then assigned to command the 3rd Division of the XVIII Corps, which was, as stated earlier, composed entirely of U.S. Colored Troops. He then served as one of the leaders of the unsuccessful First Battle of Petersburg (June 9, 1864). However, by July 1864, Hincks had become frequently ill and his wounds prevented him from effectively continuing his command. He was then re-assigned to recruiting duty until the end of the war in 1865.

After the war, Hincks remained in the army as the Lieutenant Colonel of the 40th U.S. Infantry Regiment, before retiring at the rank of colonel in December 1870. He then spent his remain-

ing years as Governor of the National Military Home for Disabled Veterans in Hampton, Virginia (1870-1873), and in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1873-1880).

He died on February 14, 1894, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was 63 years of age.

As for his legacy, he was a battle-scarred leader who, despite his valiant efforts, remained humbled by his experiences. For example, according to the book The Forty-Fifth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia (1883)

by Hincks himself, “In 1864, while in front of Petersburg during the siege, General Butler said to me one day, ‘General Hincks, do you know what is the most gallant action that has been performed in this war?’ I said, ‘I certainly do not. I have no doubt that when the history of the war is written, we shall find many gallant acts that have been performed, but it will be difficult to tell what is the most gallant.’ Butler continued, ‘Well, I’ll tell you, when you marched out of the naval academy with two companies in order to invade a hostile state and oppose the acts of the large mob, it was the most gallant act of this or any other war.’ I replied, ‘I know it was an important duty, but I claim no credit, except for having volunteered to perform it.’”

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60

Joanna Carver Colcord The social work pioneer’s Searsport connection

by James Nalley

I

n 1882, Captain Lincoln Colcord, a Mainer with generations-long traditions of life at sea, was sailing in the southwest Pacific near New Caledonia. In March of that year, his wife (also onboard) gave birth to a daughter.

Aside from time on shore at Penobscot Bay or in Searsport, she spent most of her childhood at sea. However, Jane (her mother) tutored her and ensured that she receive her education through a correspondence course. Eventually, she attended the University of Maine and became a pioneering social worker and author. As for the former, she became an advocate of professional training and standards, especially during the Great Depression.

Joanna Carver Colcord (courtesy of Special Collections, Fogler Library, University of Maine)

Joanna Carver Colcord was born in the Southwest Pacific on March 18, 1882. Her father, Lincoln Colcord, delivered his daughter on the sailing ship Charlotte A. Littlefield, as it was sailing to Yokohama, Japan. According to Lincoln himself in the Introduction of the book Songs of American Sailormen (1938).

Up to the age of 18, she spent most of her girlhood at sea on board her father’s command, sailing on China voyages; and from this experience, she acquired, as if by nature, the essential feeling of ships and the sea. Throughout her youth, she lived constantly in an atmosphere of seafaring, in a setting of ocean days, knowing none but the men

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com and women of the sea, seeing nothing but ships and ports about the world, and hearing no speech but the nautical vernacular.

However, as stated earlier, her mother initially tutored her, after which she became adept at geography and mathematics through first-hand experiences aboard the ship. She eventually completed her high school education through a correspondence course. Colcord later recalled that in addition to these subjects, she learned various concepts such as “racial equality, self-control, orderliness, and a sense of duty.”

In 1902, Colcord enrolled at the University of Maine, receiving her Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry in 1906 and her Master of Science degree in biological chemistry in 1909. Interestingly, after being unsatisfied with the positions available to her in applied chemistry, a former teacher suggested that she consider the field of social service. Thus, in 1910, Colcord studied at

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the New York School of Philanthropy (eventually known as the New York School of Social Work), where she was mentored by social work pioneer Mary Richmond.

Colcord began her social work career in 1911 with the New York Charity Organization Society (COS). During her tenure with the COS, she also spent time with the American Red Cross in the Virgin Islands from 1920 to 1921.

In 1925, she left the COS for a position with the Minnesota Family Welfare Association as General Secretary.

In 1929, she returned to New York to head the Charity Organization Division of the influential Russell Sage Foundation. From this position, which she held until 1944, Colcord became one of the most influential social workers in the country.

Specifically, according to her biographical article by Linda Gordon (2011) of the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Social Welfare His-

tory Project, “Throughout her career, Colcord worked to raise the standards of professional training required of social workers and to promote what she considered scientific research and administration of social work.” Her influence was most impactful during the Great Depression, when she “led in encouraging the private social work establishment to support federal relief and welfare provisions, and to consider them part of social work’s appropriate function to agitate for better social provision.”

She also immediately noticed that the casework approach was no longer effective during periods of mass deprivation such as the Great Depression.

In this regard, in 1930, she called a national conference of private social work executives to plan for relief during the upcoming winter. Moreover, in 1933, during Franklin Roosevelt’s “New Deal,” Colcord became an important (cont. on page 62)

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liaison between private social work and the government’s relief administrators.

She also advocated for an economic security program, including health insurance. Naturally, by 1936, Colcord was among the numerous social workers who criticized the Roosevelt administration “for simply not doing enough and for retaining certain poor-law traditions in public provision.”

Regarding her private life, health problems, including circulatory problems and diabetes, forced Colcord to retire in 1944. Colcord had been single until 1950, which was typical of the culture in which women were required to choose between marriage and career. In that year (at the age of 68), she married her recently widowed friend and co-worker of 40 years, Frank Bruno, another pioneer in social work and a professor of applied sociology at Washington University in St. Louis.

However, he died five years later. Following his death, Colcord moved to In-

diana to live with her stepson. She died from a stroke on April 8, 1960. She was 78 years of age. She was subsequently buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Searsport.

As for her legacy, it is obvious that Colcord made a significant impact on the field of social work as a whole.

However, Colcord also had a love for the songs of sailors. According to a 1936 interview in the Portland Sunday Telegram, she stated, “I still recall the thrill of hearing the crew of a British ship lying beside us in Shanghai sing the old shanty ‘Goodbye, Fare Ye Well,’ as they heaved up anchor, and of comprehending for the first time that this was beautiful and distinctive music.” Her interest actually culminated in three books: Roll and Go: Songs of American Sailormen (1924); Reissued as Songs of American Sailormen (1938); and American English, Sea Language Comes Ashore (1945).

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ADA Fence Company, Inc. ....................................................51 Affordable Well Drilling Excavation & Forestry.......................15 American Awards Inc. ...........................................................31 Another Man’s Treasure..........................................................10 A Twist of Moody’s.................................................................40 Augusta Tool Rental...............................................................31 Bailey Island General Store....................................................23 Ballstown Firearms................................................................28 Balmy Days Cruises................................................................11 Bart Flanagan Tree Service & Excavation.................................8 Bath-Brunswick Regional Chamber.......................................21 Bay Wrap................................................................................57 Bean Maine Lobster...............................................................12 Belfast Area Chamber of Commerce......................................49 Bennett’s Gems & Jewelry.....................................................51 Best Western Plus Augusta Civic Center Inn.........................32 Big House Sound LLC.............................................................52 Birches Lakeside Campground...............................................30 Bisson’s Center Store................................................................7 Blaze Craft Beer & Wood Fired Flavors...................................47 Blood’s Garage.......................................................................50 Boothbay Harbor Chamber of Commerce...............................35 Bowen’s Tavern......................................................................49 Brillant & Sons Inc. Auto Repair & Restorations........................7 Bucksport Inn........................................................................53 Busted Knuckle Tires & Repair..............................................55 C&J Chimney & Stove Service, LLC..........................................5 Cahill Tire Inc. .......................................................................25 Camden Harbor Cruises.........................................................47 Camden Opera House.............................................................47 Cameron’s Lobster House......................................................20 Capital Area Tree Service..........................................................9 Cayouette Flooring, Inc. ........................................................56 Cedar Haven Family Campground....................................16/33 Cedar Mountain Cupolas.......................................................18 Chase Farm Bakery................................................................28 China By The Sea...................................................................11 Clark Auto Parts....................................................................33 Clayton’s Cafe & Bakery...........................................................6 Coastal Car Wash & Detail Center..........................................38 Coastal Maintenance Painting...............................................35 Coastal Motors.......................................................................35 Coggins Road Auto................................................................39 Comfort Inn - Brunswick........................................................23 Comfort Inn Civic Center - Augusta.......................................32 Cook’s Carpentry....................................................................59 Copeland’s Garage.................................................................42 Cornelia C. Viek, CPA................................................................7 Creamer & Sons Landwork, Inc. ............................................27 Daffy Taffy Factory & Fudge Factory.......................................35 Dark Harbor Boat Yard...........................................................57 Daryl Horak Logging.............................................................33 David Murray Home Repair & Cottage Care..........................35 Davis Paving LLC....................................................................33 Deborah Lincoln House.........................................................50 Delano Seafood Market.........................................................41 Delano Seafood Shack...........................................................41 Design Architectural Heating................................................15 Dirigo Waste Oil.....................................................................15 Doherty’s North Freeport Store...............................................6 Donald E. Meklin & Sons.......................................................55 Downeast Ice Cream Factory..................................................37 Downtown Diner.....................................................................9 Driscoll’s Excavation & Tree Service.......................................25 El Rodeo Mexican Restaurant...............................................22 Elmer’s Barn & Antique Mall...................................................9 E-Z Out Stump Grinding........................................................50 Fairground Cafe.....................................................................19 Five Islands Lobster Co. ........................................................27 Flux Restaurant & Bar..........................................................20 Freeport Antiques and Heirlooms Showcase........................12 Fresh Off The Farm Natural Foods..........................................46 Friends of Fort Knox..............................................................52 G&G Cash Fuels.....................................................................29 Genuine Automotive Services................................................44 Goose River Golf Club............................................................45 Granite Coast Orthodontics....................................................45 Granite Hall Store..................................................................40

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Griffins Other Place...............................................................56 Grimaldi Concrete Floors & Countertops...............................14 Gulf of Maine Books................................................................7 Haggett Hill Kennels.............................................................11 Haley Power Services............................................................52 Hammond Lumber Company................................................25 Hampton Inn - Bath..............................................................26 Hampton Inn - Freeport........................................................19 Harborside 1901 Bar & Grill...................................................36 Harbour Towne Inn...............................................................35 Harraseeket Inn & Broad Arrow Tavern.................................18 Harraseeket Lunch & Lobster Company................................17 Harvest Time Natural Foods.................................................31 Hatch Well Drillers................................................................11 Hawkes’ Lobster & Gifts.........................................................25 Hazel’s Take-Out....................................................................44 Hi-5 Maine Hemp and Cannabis...........................................15 Holbrook’s General Store.......................................................25 Holbrook’s Lobster Grille.......................................................25 Hoppe’s Tree Service.............................................................42 Indian Trail Antiques.............................................................34 Insure Maine.........................................................................29 J&H Marine...........................................................................56 J. Edward Knight & Co. ...........................................................5 Jack’s Property Service..........................................................17 Jensen’s Pharmacy................................................................45 Jess’s Market.........................................................................44 JM Automotive.....................................................................27 John’s Handmade Ice Cream.................................................47 Katahdin Clapboard Company.................................................3 Katahdin Cruises...................................................................38 Kate’s Custom Sewing...........................................................43 Kathryn’s Antiques................................................................59 KC’s Collision.........................................................................41 Kirkpatrick’s Service & Repair.................................................9 L.R. 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Excavation..................................................29 Lake Pemaquid Campground................................................34 Lakeview Lumber Co. ...........................................................10 Liberte Auto Sales.................................................................20 Liberty Tree Arms..................................................................55 Lincoln County Historical Association.....................................8 Linda Bean’s Maine Kitchen & Topside Tavern.....................12 Linda Bean’s Maine Wyeth Gallery.......................................12 Linda Bean’s Perfect Maine Vacation Rental........................12 Macomber, Farr & Whitten Insurance..................................10 Maine At War........................................................................61 Maine Dept. of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife..........................8 Maine Historical Society.........................................................3 Maine Lighthouse Museum..................................................44 Maine Lobster Festival..........................................................43 Maine Lobstermen’s Association.....................................28/61 Maine Maritime Museum.....................................................26 Maine Pellet Sales LLC............................................................5 Maine State Music Theatre...................................................21 Maine State Prison Showroom............................................42 Maine Veterinary Medical Center..........................................13 Maine Warden Service..........................................................60 Mainely Gallery & Studio......................................................57 Maritime Energy...................................................................44 Maritime Farms Lighthouse Deli..........................................44 Mattson’s Flooring & Window Treatments.............................29 McNaughton Construction....................................................15 Metcalf’s Submarine Sandwiches.........................................33 Midcoast Collision.................................................................33 Monhegan Boat Line.............................................................43 Monkitree.............................................................................29 Moody’s Diner.......................................................................40 Moon Harbor Realty.............................................................48 Morning Glory Natural Foods................................................20 Morse’s Sauerkraut.................................................................4 Mr. Tire & Company...............................................................41 Muddy Rudder......................................................................16 Narrows Art Gallery..............................................................54 N&S Trucking & Excavation..................................................51 Natanis Golf Course..............................................................33 Nathan’s Wellness Pharmacy & Apothecary.........................38 NewGen Powerline Construction..........................................15 Occupational Health Associates......................................25/27

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Ogunquit Beach Lobster House.............................................12 Owls Head Transportation Museum.....................................43 Pat’s Pizza - Brunswick & Yarmouth......................................17 Patterson’s General Store......................................................58 Paul Pinkham’s Auto Repair....................................................6 Pemaquid Craft Co-op..........................................................39 Pen-Bay Glass, Inc. ...............................................................56 Penobscot Marine Museum......................................back cover Pepper’s Landing Lobster Co. Restaurant.............................22 Perry’s Nut House..................................................................49 Pine Ridge Heating & Plumbing, Inc. .................................57 Pinkham’s Gourmet Market..................................................39 Plants Unlimited...................................................................46 Quick Turn Auto Repair & Towing..........................................34 R.J. Energy Services, Inc. .......................................................9 R.W. Glidden Auto Paint & Body Specialists.........................40 Rainwater Solutions.............................................................60 RD Martineau Specialty Excavation......................................61 Red’s Automotive..................................................................53 Red’s Eats..............................................................................28 Reilly Well Drilling.................................................................38 Reunion Station Restaurant..................................................11 Richard’s Restaurant.............................................................23 Rising Tide Co-op..................................................................34 Riverfront Barbeque & Grille................................................31 Roar Charter Services............................................................56 Rob’s Hardware Belfast & Bucksport....................................53 Rocky Ridge Motel................................................................54 Salt Cod Cafe.........................................................................23 Seymour Excavating Inc. .....................................................18 Shawn Thyng Paving.............................................................49 Shaw’s Fish & Lobster Wharf Restaurant..............................40 Smith Family Builders..........................................................58 South Bristol Fisherman’s Co-op..........................................39 Sprague & Curtis Real Estate.................................................31 Sprague’s Lobster..................................................................28 St. Pierre Concrete Services...................................................20 Stockton Harbor Yurts...........................................................54 Stone’s Earthwork.................................................................60 Storer Lumber.......................................................................55 Sweet Cheeks Bakery............................................................53 Thai Garden Restaurant........................................................16 The Chimney Doctor................................................................7 The Club Marina and Bar......................................................61 The Driftwood Inn................................................................23 The Gin Mill..........................................................................31 The Good Table.....................................................................49 The Great Impasta................................................................21 The Harbor Room Restaurant..............................................39 The Harbor’s Choice Laundry & Dry Cleaning......................38 The Mount Battie Motel.......................................................48 The Old Maps of the 1800s..................................................14 The Perfect Circle Cheesecakery...........................................10 The School House 1913........................................................24 The Sea Gull Shop Restaurant & Gift Shop............................38 The Tidewater.......................................................................45 The Tipsy Butler....................................................................34 Thomaston Grocery...............................................................41 Tim’s Heating & Cooling.......................................................27 Treats of Maine.....................................................................27 Uncle Pete’s Community Market...........................................22 Unique Spiral Stairs..............................................................52 Vancil Vision Care.................................................................59 Vasvary Electric.......................................................................9 Vintage Maine Images............................................................3 Warren Auto Barn.................................................................43 Waterfront Flea Market..........................................................7 Weaver’s Roadside Variety....................................................58 Weskeag Inn.........................................................................55 William Landmesser Fine Art...............................................54 William Raveis Real Estate...................................................41 Wilson’s Drug Store.................................................................8 Wiscasset, Waterville & Farmington Railway Museum.........28 Yankee Yardworks.................................................................17 Yarmouth Clam Festival..........................................................6 Young’s Lobster Pound..........................................................51

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