2020 Western Maine

Maine’s History Magazine

FREE

Volume 29 | Issue 4 | 2020

15,000 Circulation

Western Maine

Bridgton’s George Libby

Medal of Honor recipient

Lewiston’s 1910 Prohibition War

Sturgis deputies raid liquor sellers

Maine Celebrates 200 Years!

Phillips’ Elizabeth Dyar

Revolutionary War heroine

Western Maine

Inside This Edition

2

3

I t Makes No Never Mind James Nalley

7

Three Lisbon Villages, One Community More than Moxie to survive Charles Francis

Maine’s History Magazine

Western Maine

10 The Goodall Mills Of Sanford Makers of luxurious plush

Charles Francis

Publisher & Editor

18 Lewiston’s ABC Pool & Spa Local family proudly serves the community

Brian Swartz

Layout & Design

21 Lewiston’s 1910 Prohibition War Sturgis deputies raid liquor sellers

Brian Swartz

Advertising & Sales Manager

24 Westbrook’s Rudy Vallee “Let every loyal Maine man sing”

Charles Francis 30 Bridgton’s George Libby Medal of Honor recipient

Charles Francis

Jim Burch

Liana Merdan

Tim Maxfield

Advertising & Sales Jennifer Bakst Dennis Burch Tim Maxfield

32 Norway’s George Beal The enlisted man’s general

Charles Francis

Field Representatives

36 Livermore Petitions The Court

Road issues concern farmers

Charles Francis

Liana Merdan

40 Waterville’s Asa Redington One of George Washington’s honor guard Jeff Stern 45 Farmington’s Nathan Cutler A pioneer dedicated to education

Charles Francis 50 The Rangeley Lakes Region Logging Museum A history of timber harvesting

Roger Gordon 54 Kennebec Martyr Father Rasle and the Norridgewock tribe

Charles Francis 59 Maine’s Incredible Tourmaline The story of the Havey Mine John Murray 63 Maine’s “Iron Brigade” Led by Waterville’s Harris Plaisted

Charles Francis 66 Phillips’ Elizabeth Dyer Revolutionary War heroine

Charles Francis 69 The Romance Of The Old Canada Road

Built upon old Native American trails

Charles Francis Editor Note We recognize an error was made with a photo description on page 44 of the 2020 Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock edition. The photo description describes it as a “cant dog” when it should have been described as a “picaroon”. This was a layout error and not an error by the author, John Redden.

James & Diane Nute

Office Manager

Contributing Writers Charles Francis Roger Gordon John Murray James Nalley Jeff Stern Brian Swartz

Published Annually by CreMark, Inc. 10 Exchange Street, Suite 208 Portland, Maine 04101 Ph (207) 874-7720 info@discovermainemagazine.com www.discovermainemagazine.com Discover Maine Magazine is distributed to town offices, chambers of commerce, financial institutions, fraternal organizations, barber shops, beauty salons, hospitals and medical offices, newsstands, grocery and convenience stores, hardware stores, lumber companies, motels, restaurants and other locations throughout this part of Maine.

NO PART of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from CreMark, Inc. | Copyright © 2020, CreMark, Inc.

SUBSCRIPTION FORMS ON PAGES 56 & 62 Front Cover Photo: Counselors and campers at Camp Hinds in Raymond Item # LB2013.13.11.10 from the Donald L. Merchant Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org All photos in Discover Maine’s Western Maine edition show Maine as it used to be, and many are from local citizens who love this part of Maine.

Photos are also provided from our collaboration with the Maine Historical Society and the Penobscot Marine Museum.

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It Makes No Never Mind

by James Nalley

A

t the time of this publication, Mainers should be thawing off from a long winter and looking forward to relatively warmer times. For those in Western Maine interested in something different, May is also when the whale-watching season kicks off, as hordes of hungry, migrating whales arrive to feed approximately 25 miles off the Maine coast. According to the University of New Hampshire’s Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, the whales’ main feeding area is Jeffreys Ledge, which is “a major morphologic feature in the western Gulf of Maine that lies about 150 to 200 feet below of the surface of the water.” For the whale-watching enthusiasts, there are plenty to see, including humpback (up to 55 feet in length), finback (up to 80 feet in length), minke (up to 30 feet in length), and right whales (up to 60 feet in length). As for the latter, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) states that “by the early 1890s, commercial whalers had hunted right whales in the Atlantic to the brink of extinction.” In addition, “researchers estimate that there are about 400 North Atlantic right whales in the population, with fewer than 100 breeding females left.” Thus, scientists and researchers fear that this breed is rapidly heading

toward extinction.

In general, whales can be spotted from late April to late October. Naturally, there are many whale-watching cruises available for those interested in catching that perfect photo of a whale expounding air through its blowhole, which, by the way, can be seen as far as two miles away. Keep in mind that the best visibility is when the skies are clear and the fog has dissipated, which is usually during the summer.

It is also important to note the three major threats to whales and their existence. First, entanglement in fishing lines can severely injure them, thus leading to death. In fact, according to the NOAA, more than 85 percent of whales have been entangled in fishing gear at least once. Second, since whales’ migration routes are close to major ports, they become vulnerable to collisions with ships, both large and small. Third, underwater noise pollution can greatly interfere with their communication.

Finally, among the most experienced whale-watching companies, there are the following: First Chance Whale Watch (with two boats: the 87-foot, twodeck “Nick’s Chance” and the 65-foot, single-deck “Kylie’s Chance”; www. firstchancewhalewatch.com); Bar Har-

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Well, on this note, let me close with the following jest: At a local elementary school, a teacher was having a discussion with one student about whether humans can be swallowed by whales.

The teacher tells the girl that it’s impossible for whales to swallow humans because they have small throats. The girl says, “You’re wrong. Jonah got swallowed by a whale and spent three days and nights in its belly.” Then, the teacher says, “Oh, that’s just a story from the Bible. It’s not true,” after which the girl says, “Oh yeah? Well, when I go to heaven, I’ll ask Jonah.” The teacher snidely replies, “Well, what if Jonah didn’t go to heaven?” The girl looks at him and says, “Well, then YOU can ask him!”

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Farwell Street in Lisbon. Item # LB2007.1.107764 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Three Lisbon Villages, One Community More than Moxie to survive

by Charles Francis

L

isbon is one of the most unique communities in Maine. One of the things that makes it so unique is, with a population of some nine thousand, it is one of the most populous municipalities in New England that maintains a town meeting form of government. Lisbon is also the host community for the famous Moxie Festival, which celebrates what many Maine and New England diehards consider the state’s (and the region’s) official soft drink. However, more than anything else, the one thing that really makes Lisbon unique is that it is a community comprised of three distinct villages.

If you were to ask a resident of Lis-

bon where he or she lived, you would most likely get one of three answers: Lisbon Falls, Lisbon or Lisbon Center.

Lisbon Falls is the largest of the town’s three villages. It is also the most southerly, bordering on Topsham. Lisbon is the oldest of the three. It borders on Lewiston and Sabattus. Between the two, on the highland overlooking the Sabattus River where it joins the Androscoggin, is Lisbon Center.

As a town, Lisbon is something of a contradiction. While the community is bordered by the four small towns of Bowdoin, Topsham, Durham and Sabattus, in addition to the city of Lewiston, it also has something of the flavor

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of an urban center. Over a hundred thousand people live within twenty miles of it. Back in the Roaring 20s, Lisbon was a transportation center for much of the lower Androscoggin Valley. It was here that the Androscoggin and Kennebec Trolley Line made its connection with the Lewiston-Bath Branch of the Maine Central Railroad. While the trolley line went out of business during the Great Depression, and passenger service on the Maine Central Railroad ended almost sixty years ago, Route 196, which traverses the entire length of the town, is a major connector between Interstate 95 and Interstate 295.

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(cont. from page 7) terpower in the region, Lisbon’s origins are steeped in industry. Just prior to 1770 Galen Moses, John Tebbets and Edward Plummer organized a stock company to establish mills in the Little River section of what is, today, the village of Lisbon Falls. The three acquired their holdings from the Pejepscot Proprietors. What was for a time known as Little River Plantation was a gore of land whose boundaries were the Androscoggin, Sabattus and Little Rivers.

Lisbon’s first mills were concentrated around the upper falls. Between the Revolution and 1800, there were at least six major sawmills and a gristmill here. At least as early as 1806 there was a mill manufacturing cloth on Little River Stream. A plant that manufactured scythes, and a brick factory, followed it. In 1808 Little River was annexed by Lisbon, and from that point on was known as Lisbon Falls.

The village of Lisbon lies on the banks of the Sabattus River. The seven-

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mile-long Sabattus has as its source Sabattus Pond. Originally, the pond was included within the bounds of Lisbon.

In 1840 what is now the town of Sabattus was set off as the town of Webster.

The Sabattus was the power source for one of the first of Lisbon’s great woolen mills, the Farnsworth Company.

Lisbon was originally a part of the town of Bowdoin. Except for the Lisbon Falls section, most of it was included in the Kennebec Purchase. The inhabitants of the westerly portion of Bowdoin asked to be incorporated as a separate town in 1798 because of the distance they had to travel to attend town meetings. The actual incorporation took place on June 22, 1799. The name for the new town was Thompsonborough. Thompson had been one of the early owners of the gore purchased

by Moses, Tebbets, and Plummer, as well as much of the newly incorporated town. In February of 1802 the name was changed to Lisbon because the pre-

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com vious name had been too cumbersome.

The cloth mill on the Little River, which was one of the very first in Maine, was followed by carding and dressing mills. Then, in I864 the Farnsworth and Worumbo companies, the first of the great Lisbon industries, were incorporated.

The Farnsworth Company opened it doors on the Sabattus River in Lisbon Center. It specialized in dress goods, shirts, and suits. In the 1920s the mill employed some one hundred and twenty-five workers. They oversaw the complete development of the company’s products from raw stock all the way to finished garments.

Without a doubt, the Worumbo Company was the most famous of Lisbon’s woolen mills. Part of its fame was based on having contracts to supply officers of the United States Army and Navy, as well as the cadets at West Point and Annapolis, with uniforms.

Another part of its fame lay with the high quality of its camel’s hair overcoats, which set the fashion tone at some of the trendiest boutiques of the early 1900s, during the era of the flapper and the open touring car.

Other notable Lisbon mills of the early twentieth century included the Lisbon Falls branch of Pejepscot Paper and the Lisbon Mills division of New

England Southern Mills. Today, however, Lisbon is known as the hometown of Moxie.

Lisbon’s annual Moxie Festival got its start with a book signing in 1982.

The book was The Moxie Mystique,

by Frank Potter. The signing was held at the Kennebec Fruit Company, which was also known as The Moxie Store.

The initial signing, which was the idea of Frank Anicetti, who is also known as The Moxie Man, has grown into a three-day celebration featuring a parade, a dance, and other festivities, as well as Moxie memorabilia of every shape and variety. The entire festival has the flavor of an old-fashioned Old Home Days celebration, the kind that only a town with a real sense of community can put on. In fact, it is just that sense of community that makes Lisbon, the town of three villages, what it is today.

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The Goodall Mills Of Sanford Makers of luxurious plush

by Charles Francis

P

lush! The word evokes images of luxury and relaxation in the Gay Nineties and the first decades of this century. Deep pile, plush carpets, chairs, and sofas with soft plush-covered seats and backs, luxurious automobiles and railroad cars made even more luxurious by plush seating call up a past where craftsmanship and comfort went hand-in-hand. And nowhere was this union of comfort and craftsmanship more evident than in the Sanford mills of the Goodall family, the kings of plush.

Today plush is generally made by combining such materials as cotton, nylon or rayon to create the deep pile most commonly found in contempo-

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rary carpets. A century and more ago, however, plush was primarily based on mohair, the long, silky hair of Angora goats, and almost all of the plush in this country came from Sanford Mills and was marketed under the trade name “Velmo” for velvet mohair. Velmo, Palm Beach cloth, and varieties of woolen goods were among the products manufactured for over seventy-five years by Goodall Industries of Sanford, a firm created and dominated by four giants of American industry, Thomas Goodall and his sons George, Louis, and Ernest. From its beginning in 1867 to its demise in 1954 Goodall Industries served as the economic focal point of Sanford and the surrounding region.

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When Thomas Goodall came to the United States from Yorkshire, England in 1846 he already had more than fifteen years of experience in the manufacture and sale of woolen goods.

Thomas Goodall’s first factory was in Troy, New Hampshire. Here he produced wool overcoats and the only shaped horse blankets in America.

During the Civil War he made a small fortune selling coats and blankets to the government. In 1865 he sold his Troy factory and returned to England for a visit, primarily to investigate British manufacturing advances and technology. He quickly became convinced that he could produce plush for robes and other uses at a profit in the United

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mills. He soon showed a real flair for technical innovation and refinement.

Due to his mechanical talents, Sanford Mills expanded its lines to include mohair, alpaca and other products, including Palm Beach cloth and Velmo upholstering.

Ernest Goodall was born in Troy, New Hampshire on August 15, 1853.

Like his older brothers, he attended private schools, and like them he had his final tutelage from his father at Sanford Mills. His first years were spent moving from one department to another until he attained familiarity with all the workings of the Goodall enterprises as well as in managing the workforce.

In 1883 Ernest succeeded his father as president of Sanford Mills.

By the 1920s, under the direction of the three brothers, Sanford Mills was the largest mohair-plush manufacturer in the world. The mills themselves covered twenty-seven acres of floor (cont. on page 12)

re

Seth

During the early development of the mills, George would arrive to work at 5:00 a.m., lock himself in the dye room and prepare the dyes for the day. Only after they were ready for when the mill opened at 6:30 would the young industrialist sit down for breakfast. He then spent the rest of the day helping his family supervise the mill. In the evening he would retire to the cellar of his Sanford home where his wife Henrietta held a kerosene lamp for him as he worked with his twin brother Louis on the development of a power loom for producing mohair plush. With the development of the power loom in 1881, George and Louis along with their younger brother Ernest began the manufacture of plush and pile fabrics on a scale never before achieved.

Louis Goodall, George’s twin brother, had the same secondary schooling as his brother. After finishing his year in England he began working with his father as the latter started up the Sanford

W

States.

In 1867 Goodall moved to Sanford where he purchased a flannel factory and a grist mill that became Mill #1 and Mill # 2 of Sanford Mills. Within months the two mills were turning out plush carriage robes and woolen horse blankets. Thus began the plush, worsted, mohair and wool industry that under the direction of Thomas Goodall’s three sons would make Sanford famous around the world.

George Goodall was born on September 23, 1851 in Winchester, New Hampshire. He attended various private schools, including a military school in Vermont, and spent a year at a private school in England at the time of his father’s visit there. Early on he showed a marked artistic talent. In 1872 he went to Brussels, Belgium where he studied painting. It was this training that enabled him to take charge of the design and coloring of the plush robes and other fabrics produced by Sanford Mills.

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(cont. from page 11) space and employed more than three thousand workers. All the leading car manufacturers used Velmo for their seating, as did the country’s major railroads, including the Pullman Company, and the leading furniture manufacturers of North America. Sanford Mills had the largest weave shed in the world with hundreds of looms each valued at nearly five thousand dollars. Sanford Mills also had the largest plush hand printing machine in the world. The machine printed the plush on slate blocks.

Each color — there could be fifteen or even more — was put on by hand. The brothers also operated Sanford’s second-largest employer, the Goodall Worsted Company, which manufactured Palm Beach cloth, alpaca coat liners, and various worsted products including draperies and bedspreads. There were also Goodall mills in Springvale, Kennebunk, and Waterboro. During this period Goodall agents scoured the world

for mohair, traveling to such far-flung places as Afghanistan and Constantinople. In this period more mohair was consumed in Sanford in one day than in a year in the rest of the United States.

All three brothers were actively involved in interests beyond the family mills. George Goodall was president of the Maine Alpaca Company, a director of the Holyoke Plush Company of Holyoke, Massachusetts, and treasurer of the Sanford Power Company. He gave numerous gifts to Sanford, including an athletic field, the town hall, and a hospital.

Louis Goodall was treasurer of the Mousam River Railroad, an organizer of the Harriman and Northeastern Railroad Company of Tennessee, and chairman of the Maine Commission to the St. Louis Exposition. He was also elected as Maine’s First District congressman twice.

Ernest Goodall served as president

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of the Sanford Light and Power Company, as a director of the Sanford and Cape Porpoise Railroad and the Atlantic Shore Line Railroad. He was a Sanford selectman, a state representative, and a state senator as well as a member of Governor Robie’s Executive Council.

In the late 1940s and early 1950s the textile industry was hit by a severe recession. This and competition from the South with its cheap labor force hit Goodall Industries and Sanford hard.

In 1950 Burlington Mills gained control of Goodall Industries by purchasing its stock at below market value.

In 1954 Burlington closed its Sanford operation, moved the machinery to its southern plants, and sold the buildings.

For a time it looked as if Sanford would become a ghost town. However, the Chamber of Commerce started a nationwide campaign to attract new business to the community. Using inge-

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nuity and foresight reminiscent of the Goodall family, the Chamber promoted Sanford as “The Town That Wouldn’t Die.” Soon a number of small and medium-sized businesses, including several aircraft companies, were revitalizing the local economy.

But what of plush? Today, plush fabrics no longer have mohair. Instead, they consist primarily of synthetic fibers. Somehow the word plush seems inappropriate when applied to them.

Perhaps the greatest contribution of the Goodall family is invested in the image that elegant, mohair plush engenders in the senses — soft to the touch, sensuously colored, and almost audible in its caress as one sinks into it.

Discover Maine * Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section *

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Western Maine

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Oak Street in Lisbon Falls, ca. 1882. Item # 5560 from the collections of the Maine Historical Society and www.VintageMaineImages.com

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Catholic church in Sanford. Item # LB2008.19.115566 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org Discover MAine Mag 4.85 vertical x 7.625 horizontal

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Western Maine

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Lewiston’s ABC Pool And Spa Local family proudly serves the community

by Brian Swartz

W

ith Clarence Letourneau “working for a gas company seven days and nights a week” and a growing family to support, he and his wife, Irene, decided to open Merit Pools in 1962. “My father said, ‘Pools in Maine? You’ll never make it,’” Clarence recalled.

He traveled to Massachusetts to learn how to install in-ground pools.

The Letourneaus “sold three pools the first year to insurance people,” he said, and “the second year was 15 pools.

Irene and I were working day and night.”

Merit Pools was the first company to sell in-ground pools in central Maine.

“There was a demand for pools, and nobody could fill it,” recalled Dan Letour-

neau, the oldest of Clarence and Irene’s six sons and two daughters. Mainers can enjoy outdoor swimming for only four months or so. “Even though it’s a short season, a pool has become an extension of your house. It’s another room,” Dan explained. “It’s easy, it’s at home, and you don’t have to travel anywhere.”

Dan and his next oldest brother, Gary, started working for Merit Pools at ages 14 and 13. Their parents started their business in a front room in their house at 1975 Lisbon Road. Business increased so much, “there were some years we sold 100 pools,” Dan said.

The Letourneaus moved out and used the entire house for Merit Pools, and that is where the business is still locat-

ed today.

Clarence also distributed pools to pool installers all over Maine. “We built a building next door” to Merit Pools, “and we put a display pool there, and people could come and look at it,” Irene said.

Eventually an addition was attached adjacent to the pool-display building, and the Health Club and Spa was established. A family member ran the health club for many years; the health club has since sold, but “the pool is used to this day,” said Greg Letourneau, Dan’s son.

Clarence and Irene sold Merit Pools in the late ’70s. Clarence immediately launched ABC Pool & Spa, so named because, as he explained with a chuckle, “I wanted to be the first in the Yel-

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ABC Pool and Spa was established to focus on retail sales, service, and pool renovations on older pools. In the mid ’80s, Clarence and Irene sold ABC to their eldest son, Dan and his wife Diane, and they still own it to this day.

Other family members have contributed to ABC Pool & Spa over the years.

Doris and Arthur Bourget, Dan’s sister and brother-in-law, worked in the business “for 30 years or so,” Dan said. John Letourneau, another of Dan’s brothers, also works for ABC, as well as two of Dan and Diane’s three children, Erica Dionne who joined the business in 2001 and Greg in June of 2003.

A fourth generation, represented by Erica’s 12- and 14- year old sons, has started working for the family business.

Long-term employees Steve Arsenault and George Raymond retired a few years ago, though they still help out now and then, and Larry Strickland who has been with ABC for about 20

Photo of pool circa 1964, courtesy of Clarence Letourneau. years. Today, the business employs 10 people and covers central Maine.

Open year-round, ABC Pool & Spa has continued its focus on service and supplies. “We do a lot with the ski areas, Sunday River, Sugarloaf,” Dan said. “We supply their chemicals and do service” on the outdoor pools that

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The Letourneaus specialize in above-ground residential pools, which “have come a long way over the years,” said Dan. “They’re really nice now and stand up well to the Maine winter.”

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Lewiston’s 1910 Prohibition War Sturgis deputies raid liquor sellers

by Brian Swartz

Y

ears before Eliot Ness and the Untouchables took down Chicago gangster Al Capone, Maine liquor agents tackled the bars, booze halls, and other places where liquor was illegally sold in the Pine Tree State. Assigned to the Sturgis Commission (so named for a York County state senator whose bill created the outfit in 1905), the so-called “Sturgis deputies” enforced Maine’s prohibition law statewide.

Maine had enacted Prohibition in 1851, repealed the law in 1855, restored the law in 1855, and then written it into the state constitution in 1884.

Repeal efforts steadily failed, but with many Mainers thumbing their noses at

Prohibition, the law faced nullification

by December 1905.

“A state law which cannot be repealed may be nullified in rebellious localities,” wrote Charles E. Owen that month. Secretary of the Christian Civic League of Maine, he explained how “in certain portions of Maine, notably in the cities … the demand for liquor was sufficient to encourage lawless men to engage in the liquor trade.”

Forging friendships with “local officials,” liquor dealers enjoyed local protection that later “extended beyond municipal administration” to encompass “county officials, sheriffs, and county attorneys” in 14 of 16 Maine counties, Owen wrote.

The Sturgis Commission set about replacing corrupt officials with honest men. “When in the judgment of the commission honest and efficient enforcement” of prohibition “is not being attempted,” deputy commissioners could be appointed to enforce Prohibition in certain counties and cities, Owen noted.

Androscoggin was first up at the county level, and Lewiston at the city level. “Lewiston … was the seat of difficulty,” Owen groused. “A large foreign element subject to bribery in elections” controlled local politics, and a recent local election resulted in the appointment of anti-prohibition county officials. (cont. on page 22)

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(cont. from page 21) “When the commission became convinced that conditions in Androscoggin County demanded their attention, six of the best deputies to be found were qualified and sent to Lewiston,” Owen wrote. By late 1905 the Sturgis deputies had shipped “151 liquor cases” to the Androscoggin County Supreme Judicial Court for adjudication.

But the prohibition war had just begun in Lewiston. For every liquor dealer put out of business or run out of the county, another dealer appeared. On November 3, 1909, “the Sturgis deputies … made two successful raids in Lewiston, Deputies Howard and Hayward making the seizures,” reported a local paper.

About 11 a.m. that day, the deputies “visited the place said to be run by Leander Lebrun, on Lincoln Street next to the canal.” The deputies “found a hide containing 15 pints of whiskey.”

In midafternoon, Howard and Hay-

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ward raided the home of “Mademoiselle Marie Fontaine, a resident of Hines Alley, and found a 16-gallon keg of beer and a considerable quantity of hard stuff,” the paper noted.

Four months later, around 2-3 p.m. on Saturday, February 26, 1910, Hayward and Sturgis deputies Beaulieu and Goss raided a building on lower Lisbon Street that was owned by Thomas Carpenter. Entering the building, the deputies “went directly upstairs” and burst into a room occupied by Thomas and Flossie Carpenter and two other women and three other men.

In the kitchen the deputies found a box containing “59-pint bottles of P.B. Ale,” Hayward told the municipal court judge. Beaulieu and Goss did not testify.

Identified as “a Lewiston hack driver,” Thomas Carpenter was arraigned in Lewiston Municipal Court on Monday, February 28.

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Lewiston doctor W.S. Garcelon then took the stand for the defense.

“He had prescribed whiskey or ale for Carpenter” in summer 1909, soon after the defendant “was struck by a car at the corner of Pine and Lisbon streets” in Lewiston. Garcelon had last treated Carpenter on February 10, 1910.

Thomas Carpenter next took the stand. A Lewiston resident the past quarter century, he owned the boarding house raided by the Sturgis deputies. He had received “a box from M.H. Cole of Boston” on Saturday, February 26.

“How much do you drink?” defense attorney Louis Brann asked.

“Well, I am no boozer, but I have to have about three bottles a day,” Carpenter replied.

“Did you drink any of the liquor that came Saturday?” Brann inquired.

“No, sir, I didn’t have time,” Carpenter said. He then claimed having

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com “met Sturgis Deputy Howard in front of the Blue store” in late February “and asked him if it would be all right to get some beer for myself.”

Howard “didn’t know why it wouldn’t be all right,” then commented “that there was no good beer in this town anyway,” Carpenter said.

Flossie Carpenter testified that after warning her husband about the approaching deputies, she handed the cover of the P.B. Ale box to Deputy Bearlieu and said, “Here’s a case for you.”

Boston and Lewiston Express driver John H. Folsom testified that he had delivered boxes “of the same size” to the Carpenters’ abode on January 22 and February 1, 4, 22, and 25. “He did not know what was in the boxes he delivered,” a newspaper reporter observed.

Brann conferred with the Carpenters in the courtroom corridor. Then Thomas Carpenter took the stand again and

claimed that his visiting aunt and uncle “had used some of the liquor to celebrate with.”

“I suppose your uncle drank quite a lot?” Brann asked.

“Oh, he does like it,” Carpenter responded.

Three Lewiston men attested to either Carpenter’s character or not knowing of any liquor being sold in his place. “At the conclusion of this testimony, Carpenter was discharged” and the charges dismissed, the reporter indicated.

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Western Maine

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Westbrook’s Rudy Vallee “Let every loyal Maine man sing”

by Charles Francis

T

hat Rudy Vallee, the first great American popular singer, had connections to Maine is a wellknown fact. Vallee crooned in the tradition of Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra, who were to succeed him. After all, he was the singer who made The Maine Stein Song famous. Many people believe because of this that Vallee was a Maine native. While he and his sister Kathleen, who was actually the more polished musician, grew up at 36 Munroe Avenue in Westbrook, both were actually born in Vermont. Also, many believe that because Vallee made The Maine Stein Song one of his signature pieces that he was a graduate of the University of Maine. This is a miscon-

ception too, for while Vallee did attend the University of Maine, he actually graduated from Yale. In addition, because of his making The Sweetheart of Sigma Chi a hit song and the fact that Sigma Chi fraternity was founded at the University of Maine, many believe Vallee was a member of Sigma Chi. This, too, is a misconception, as Vallee joined Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity when he attended the University of Maine.

Even given these facts, however, Rudy Vallee was indeed a Mainer, albeit not a native. Vallee spent his formative years as well as a fair portion of his adult life in Maine.

Hubert Prior “Rudy” and Kathleen Vallee were born in Island Pond, Ver-

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com mont. When the two were barely out of infancy, the Vallee family moved to Westbrook where their father, Charles, opened a pharmacy. Rudy and Kathleen graduated from Westbrook High School. Rudy, however, quit for a brief period. In 1917, he lied about his age — he was fifteen — and enlisted in the Navy. When the Navy found out how old he was, it immediately discharged him and he returned to Westbrook and high school.

Rudy and Kathleen Vallee were both academically gifted students as well as talented musicians. Both were multilingual, speaking French, Spanish and Italian. Rudy’s first instrument was the drums, which he played in the Westbrook High School Band. He later took up the clarinet and finally the saxophone, which was his instrument as a bandleader. Kathleen’s instrument was the piano. She went on to classical training in Montreal and at the prestigious Institute of Paris. After studying

in Paris, she returned to Westbrook and taught piano and served as accompanist for the nationally known Chopin Trio.

For much of her adult life, she was a member of the Chopin Club of Westbrook.

While Rudy Vallee was still a student at Westbrook High School he began to study the clarinet on his own. He was so successful with it that he was soon playing in the Westbrook City Band. Then, in 1919 he heard a saxophone recording by Rudy Wiedoeft, one of the popular bandleaders of the period. From that time on, he made the saxophone his instrument of choice, practicing some six to eight hours a day. Within a year he was playing at the Strand Theater in Portland. Vallee entered the University of Maine in 1921. Because of his constant playing of Rudy Wiedoeft recordings, his Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity brothers began calling him Rudy, the name he (cont. on page 26)

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(cont. from page 25) would eventually use as a performer. After one year at the University of Maine, Vallee transferred to Yale.

Vallee paid for his education at Yale by playing at local country clubs, social events, and school dances. He also joined the Yale Collegians, one of the premier college vaudeville troops in the country. It was with the Yale Collegians that Vallee first began to sing.

It was while the Collegians were on a vaudeville tour across the United States that Vallee began to use what would become his trademark, the megaphone.

He did this to enhance his relatively weak voice. Within a few years, a number of other popular singers of the time would copy Vallee.

At the end of his junior year, Vallee dropped out of college and went to London where he played with a band at the posh Savoy Hotel. During his stay in London he made his first recordings

with the English Victor Company. After a year he returned to Yale, graduating in 1926.

After a brief stay in Boston, Vallee went to New York to become the featured saxophonist and vocalist for the Bolton and Cipriano Orchestra. He would later become the leader of that orchestra. In 1929 Vallee had his first real brush with fame when WABC began daily broadcasts of the orchestra.

From this point on, Vallee’s star was on the rise. The same year that he and his band started on WABC, they went to Hollywood to appear in the film Vagabond Lover.

What made Rudy Vallee the first great American crooner was the development of the microphone. Prior to this, the most popular singers had been the ones who belted out songs like Al Jolson and Sophie Tucker. With the advances in electronic technology, it now

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became possible for singers with soft deliveries like Vallee and later Bing Crosby to be heard easily.

Rudy Vallee went on to star in countless movies, including How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying with Robert Morse, have his own radio show which introduced such future stars as Bob Hope and Edgar Bergan and Charlie McCarthy to America, and featured established stars like Groucho Marks and Lionel Barrymore, and make countless hit records. For the people of Maine, especially graduates of the University of Maine, however, Rudy Vallee will always be associated with The Maine Stein Song, which he first made famous, and which contains the words “Let every loyal Maine man sing.”

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Western Maine

30

Bridgton’s George Libby

by Charles Francis

G

Medal of Honor recipient

eorge Libby of Bridgton was a moral man. The rules of conduct that George Libby adhered to were of the very highest order. George Libby placed the lives of others above his own. He did so more than once, and in doing so lost his life.

George Libby lost his life in Korea as a result of wounds he received on July 20, 1950. The date is significant because it was less than a month after the North Korean Army crossed the 35th Parallel. That date was June 25, 1950, the date accepted by most scholars and historians as the beginning of the Korean Conflict.

Theologians may debate the nature of moral principle. It is doubtful, however, that any would dismiss altruism, selflessness, and stewardship as being

anything but examples of the highest order of morality. George Libby exhibited each of these moral principles.

Sergeant George Libby was wounded in two separate actions on July 20, 1950. The actions occurred at roadblocks. During the separate actions, Libby received a series of wounds.

Sergeant Libby received the first series of wounds when he deliberately placed himself between the driver of a vehicle who was loading wounded and the enemy. He did this in order to return enemy fire. It needs to be noted that the driver of the vehicle, an artillery tractor, was the only person available to operate it.

If the driver was killed it would have meant an end to any use of the vehicle — and the end to those who had been wounded.

The vehicle bearing the wounded as well as Sergeant Libby left the location of the first action only to encounter more enemy fire. Rather than receive medical care for his wounds, Sergeant Libby opted to return that fire.

The series of wounds Sergeant Libby received at the second roadblock occurred in much the same circumstances as those of the first action. Libby again shielded the driver of the vehicle carrying wounded with his own person.

George Libby is one of just five Maine men to receive the Medal of Honor for service in Korea. He was the first of the five. It was posthumously awarded on August 2, 1951.

George Libby was a sergeant with Company C of the 3rd Engineer Combat Battalion. Prior to the commence-

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com ment of hostilities in Korea, the 3rd was stationed in Japan. The 3rd was one of the very first American battalions stationed in Japan to be moved to the front lines of Korea in July of 1950.

On July 20, 1950 Sergeant Libby received orders to take a patrol out to observe the enemy. Libby’s orders were to report back if the enemy seemed a threat to Company C, and to delay the enemy in any way possible. Libby’s patrol encountered an enemy roadblock. In the ensuing firefight all of the men of the patrol were either killed or wounded except for Sergeant Libby.

Libby used a ditch as cover to continue firing at the enemy. In continuing to harass the enemy, Libby prevented the North Koreans from killing his wounded men. When the artillery tractor appeared on the scene and began loading the wounded, Libby received his first series of wounds.

George Libby had been part of the American occupation force in Japan.

As such, his duty was that of carry-

ing out the peacetime responsibilities of military personnel. Within the span of a bit less than two weeks, Sergeant Libby found himself in a wartime situation. On July 20, Sergeant Libby was a man willing to sacrifice himself for the wounded men of his patrol. Some might ask why.

Men who go beyond the call of duty are few. True sacrifice seems most often associated with combat. Soldiers sacrifice themselves for their comrades — their closest friends — the half dozen or so that they eat with, sleep with, laugh with, and work with. These are the men of their immediate section.

They are the comrades they will not let down in moments of desperation and terror. The very highest of moral principles seem likely to be exhibited at the personal level. It is only later that accolades such as the word gallant come to be used.

George Libby’s heroic actions occurred near the Imjin River in the gen-

eral area of Taejon, Korea. Today a bridge named for Sergeant Libby spans the Imjin. Built by the 54th Engineer Construction Battalion in 1951, it is a fine, long concrete span which is still in use today. At the dedication ceremonies of the bridge, General Maxwell Taylor read from George Libby’s Medal of Honor citation. In part, those words describing Libby are, “His courage and gallant self-sacrifice reflect the highest credit on himself, and uphold the esteemed traditions of military service.”

The Libby Bridge over Korea’s Imjin River is far from the Bridgton where George Libby was born in 1919. However, there is a memorial much closer to Sergeant Libby’s native land and state that recognizes his sacrifice and the service of others like him. It is the Maine Korean War Memorial in Mt. Hope Cemetery in Bangor.

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Norway’s George Beal The enlisted man’s general

by Charles Francis

T

he State of Maine produced some of the most outstanding general staff officers who, besides distinguishing themselves during the Civil War, went on to notable postwar careers. Joshua Chamberlain was a four-term governor of Maine, who later, through force of character alone, defused the temper of an angry mob which threatened to occupy the capitol building. As military governor of Mississippi, Adelbert Ames made that state the role model for Reconstruction. Oliver Otis Howard founded Howard University, the first university for freed slaves in the country. And, of course, Neal Dow was largely responsible for the temperance movement which produced the first statewide prohibition law in the

United States, the Maine Law. There is another distinguished Maine Civil War general who, while his name is largely forgotten today, was better known and more loved by Maine war veterans than any of those named above. He was George L. Beal of Norway. In fact, Beal was often referred to as the enlisted man’s general because he did more for Maine war veterans than anyone else in the state.

George Lafayette Beal was born in Norway on May 21, 1825. While still in his teen years, he worked on the Norway Oxford Observer as did Hannibal Hamlin, vice president during Lincoln’s first term, and Artemus Ward, the country’s first great humorist. He also worked as a bookbinder. His great

love was the military, however, and he always listed his pre-war professions as bookbinder and militia officer, even though the latter was non-paying.

Throughout the colonial period and down through the War of 1812, almost every Maine town of any consequence had a militia company which drilled regularly. However, as the War of 1812 receded into the past and the nation entered into what is called the “Era of Good Feelings,” militia drills became fewer and fewer so that by the late 1840s there were only a few active companies left in the state. George Beal’s involvement in Norway’s militia company, in which he held the rank of captain, is therefore rather unique.

The Norway Light Infantry was

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com one of the very first militia companies to answer Lincoln’s earliest call for volunteers. It, along with nine other Maine companies, most of which were from Portland, made up the 1st Maine Infantry Regiment. The most notable thing about the 1st Maine, which was a three-month company, is that a significant number of its members, including George Beal, actually signed up for longer periods.

The 1st Maine was stationed in Washington as a defense measure and saw no action. It was mustered out on August 6, 1861.

In October of 1861, George Beal and a large number of the old 1st Maine became part of the 10th Maine. Captain Beal was now Colonel Beal, the regimental commander. The 10th Maine was a two-year regiment. Among other battles, it took part in the Second Battle of Bull Run and the bloody fighting at Antietam.

When the 10th Maine’s tour of duty

was over, George Beal immediately began recruiting for a new regiment.

It would become the 29th Maine. By now Beal had become one of the most popular regimental commanders in the Union army. So much so that two whole companies of the old 10th Maine signed on for three more years to form the nucleus of the 29th.

The 29th Maine was assigned to the XIX Corps of the Army of the Shenandoah. George Beal would not be its commanding officer for long, however. He would be promoted to Brigadier-General and brigade commander in the XIX Corps. At the close of the war, Beal was a Major-General serving directly under Philip Sheridan.

Returning to Maine, Beal was made Maine State Adjutant General. In this position he oversaw the records of all the Maine men who had served in the War Between the States. He also actively lobbied the legislature for veterans benefits and was involved in

the founding of the Bath Military and Naval Orphans Asylum in Bath, which was established to care for children orphaned during the war.

Beal was also involved in establishing the Maine Department of the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). He was its first commander and, as such, was the preeminent spokesman in the state for veterans.

George Beal also served as Treasurer of the State of Maine, a position he held from 1888 to 1895. However, the real love of the bookbinder and militia officer from Norway was for the military and all those who had served in the military.

General George Beal died on December 11, 1896. Eulogies, which appeared in newspapers all across the state, always referred to the work he had done on behalf of veterans. General Beal was truly the enlisted man’s general.

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36

Livermore Petitions The Court Road issues concern farmers

by Charles Francis

R

oad construction and maintenance are, without a doubt, one of the dominant concerns of every city and town in the State of Maine. The most important articles of any town meeting deal with expenditures for winter plowing and summer maintenance. City counselors routinely spend vast amounts of time discussing citizens’ concerns involving everything from where to place a stop sign to the responsibilities of the road commissioner. Political careers at both the state and local level have hinged on decisions regarding roads.

In the early part of the 1830s the town of Livermore became embroiled

in a road issue involving the Oxford County commissioners. Townspeople felt that the county commissioners had overstepped their authority in the matter of a road running from Jay, through Livermore and on to Turner.

In fact, Livermore residents became so incensed that they had a town meeting to raise the money to hire an attorney to draw up a petition calling for the Supreme Judicial Court of the State of Maine to issue a writ for the county commissioners proceedings in regards to the road.

The seeds of the controversy began when Ebenezer Keyes, one of the prosperous farmers in Livermore, and

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more than a dozen others petitioned the Oxford County Commissioners for improvements to the road running from Jay to Turner. The road was the first step the Livermore farmers took in getting their crops to market in Portland. As to why they had to petition the Oxford County Commissioners, it is necessary to consider who had the responsibility for roads early in the history of Maine and how roads came into existence in the first place.

The construction of roads was a municipal responsibility. A town’s selectmen, or their appointed representatives, were responsible for determining the metes and bounds of a road. (Metes

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com and bounds included such details as to the length of the road and where it would run in relation to abutting property.) Once the metes and bounds had been determined, an article requesting the road’s construction would be placed on the warrant for the town meeting. If the voters approved what the selectmen proposed and voted to spend the money necessary for construction, the town would build the road. Usually, roads were then turned over to the county with the county commissioners assuming responsibility for the maintenance of the road. This was why Ebenezer Keyes and his neighbors had petitioned the Oxford County Commissioners to have work done on the road running from Jay to Turner.

Today, Livermore is in Androscoggin County. However, when the first settlers began arriving there in 1779, the township was a part of Cumberland County. In 1795 Livermore was incorporated as a town. In 1805 a large section of Cumberland County, which

included Livermore, was set off as Oxford County. (Androscoggin County was incorporated in 1854.)

In the early 1800s the population centers of Livermore were adjacent to Bartlett Pond and Brettuns Pond. Today these are identified on the map as Livermore Center and Livermore, respectively. Livermore Falls would not begin to assume its importance as a manufacturing center until the mid-1830s.

The first settlers to the area around Bartlett Pond and Brettuns Pond were successful farmers specializing in orchards and dairy products. By 1810 there were over a dozen major farms in Livermore sending apples, cider, cheese, and other farm products to the coast. In fact, Livermore farmers would load their wagons several times a year and make the journey to Portland to sell their produce. This was why having a good road in Livermore was so important to men like Ebenezer Keyes.

The road Keyes and his fellow farm-

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(cont. from page 37) ers wanted improved ran, more or less, where Route 4 runs today. It started at the county ferry, which crossed the Androscoggin between Jay and Livermore, and ran through Livermore to Turner. It was the major road connecting southern Maine to the Farmington area. In fact, one of the most famous inns of the time was located at Bartlett Pond. This was the inn of Abija Monroe, which did a thriving business serving travelers. The road was the chief means Livermore farmers had for getting their produce out of town and as far as Turner. From Turner, the farmers drove their wagons to Auburn and then on to Portland. At the time of the petition to the Oxford County Commissioners, the section of the road in Livermore was in desperate need of repair.

The petition of Ebenezer Keyes and his fellow Livermore farmers called for the road between Jay and Turner to be improved by various alterations. In Oc-

tober of 1832 the county commissioners recorded they had posted due notice to improve the road. In June of 1833 they recorded it was not their intention to discontinue any part of the road.

However, that is not what happened.

What the Oxford County Commissioners did, according to the petition filed with the Supreme Judicial Court on behalf of the town of Livermore, was to build an entirely new road without posting due notice of its intentions with the town. This, in effect, discontinued much of the original road, which the commissioners were to improve.

Among other things, it missed the inn of Abija Monroe. In addition, it actually made it harder for Livermore farmers to reach Turner.

The objection the residents of Livermore had was that the county commissioners acted in an illegal manner by going beyond their June, 1883 statement of record in which they said it was

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not their intent “to discontinue any part of any county road established in the town of Livermore.”

The Supreme Judicial Court of the State of Maine dealt with the Livermore petition during its May, 1834 term in Oxford County. The court found that the commissioners had, indeed, laid out “a new county road... in Livermore, upon the petition of Keyes and others.” It also found that “the town of Livermore, which has a deep interest in the question, had no notice that such a measure was contemplated.” In other words, the town had been notified of Keyes’ petition but not that there was to be a new road.

Based on an earlier ruling in Massachusetts, the court ruled that the alteration of a road in any way, however minimal, had the effect of discontinuing the old way. It had been the responsibility of the Oxford County Commissioners, then, to notify the town of

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com Livermore of its intentions.

The Supreme Judicial Court’s final ruling was that the objection of the town of Livermore was “fatal to the proceedings” of the county commissioners.

In reality, what the court’s ruling did was to give the county commissioners a gentle slap on the wrist. The new road they established was much closer to present-day Route 4 than the old.

The new road circumvented Livermore Center and, with the industrial development that was just beginning at Livermore Falls, Livermore Center declined in importance as a community center.

There is an old familiar saying: “You can’t beat city hall.” In this instance, city hall couldn’t beat county government.

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Waterville’s Asa Redington One of George Washington’s honor guard

by Jeff Stern

A

s a member of General George Washington’s elite Honor Guard in the Revolutionary War, Asa Redington, American patriot and Waterville pioneer, met the father of our country several times.

Near the end of the war, while Asa rested in a Princeton, New Jersey, infirmary recovering from smallpox, General Washington made his way through the crowded hall. Washington was so appreciative of Redington’s gallantry in battle that he ordered his personal physician to care for the stricken soldier.

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notes, Washington delivered “a bottle of excellent spirits, which proved very acceptable.”

You’d think close brushes with the already legendary leader of the Continental Army might go to a young soldier’s head. Not so with Asa Redington.

In his typically self-effacing, eloquent prose, he writes, “I mention these trifling circumstances merely to show that the Commander-In-Chief of the American Army was above that false pride which too often accompanies men invested with rank and power.”

In fact, in all his memoirs, Asa never mentions the Honor Guard outright, only once alluding to it obliquely, as if

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com serving on it wasn’t a big deal. It was, though. This elite unit, also referred to as Washington’s “Life Guard” or the “Commander-In-Chief’s Guard,” consisted of forty-five men who represented the cream of the crop of the Continental Army. They guarded General Washington’s life, his family, property, and personal records as he traveled about after hostilities ceased. Only soldiers of the highest moral character and crisp appearance were chosen.

Asa served in the Honor Guard from June through December of 1783 at which time he was discharged from the Continental Army. He made his way back to his native New England. Asa went on to build a sawmill on the Kennebec River in Winslow (now Waterville). The house he built for his family was one of Waterville’s first permanent residences.

But all that was to come later. Asa’s early years were chaotic. He was born in Boxford, Massachusetts on Decem-

ber 22, 1761. Asa’s father died at sea in a shipping accident when the boy was eight years old. Asa’s mother didn’t have the means to care for her six children, so they were split up and shuttled off to relatives. (She kept a seventh child that was born after her husband’s death.)

Asa moved from family to family, arriving finally on the farm of his Uncle Moses Putnam in Wilton, New Hampshire. Asa was fifteen. With all this moving about the country, there was no time for schooling.

About farm life, Asa wrote, “I had to labor very hard and beyond my strength, [and] was half-starved for food and clothing.”

Perhaps the rigors of life on the farm prepared him for the deprivations of war. In June of 1778 Asa signed up for a one-year hitch — the first of three enlistments. He joined Colonel Peabody’s Regiment in New Hampshire, which in turn augmented the Army of

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Providence commanded by General Sullivan.

That summer Asa studied war at Providence College. Then orders came to attack the British in Rhode Island.

The Americans crossed to Howland’s Island, and the fierce battle was joined.

“Lieutenant Dearborn, belonging to my company, had his head carried away by a cannonball and fell dead at my feet,” Asa writes, “and a young man, a messmate of mine by the name of Hastings had his leg carried away by one of these missiles of destruction.” Asa himself nearly perished when a cannonball struck the ground close by. To the astonishment of the men around him, he picked himself off the ground and resumed his place in the ranks.

The plan was for French ships to provide support, but a fierce storm crippled the fleet, and it wasn’t able to come to the Americans’ aid. Under the cover of darkness, the army retreated from Howland’s Island. Asa served (cont. on page 42)

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(cont. from page 41) icans retreated so fast they couldn’t retrieve the dead and dying. Certainly the remaining Americans would be cut down if not for the sudden, almost magical appearance of the French Cavalry. The British aborted their charge.

“I felt quite relieved at this unexpected turn of good luck, having given up all as lost,” Asa notes in his memoirs.

From New Jersey, the battle-weary troops continued to Annapolis, Maryland, and then south to Yorktown, Virginia. Rations were lean. The soldiers somehow marched staggering distances on meager amounts of gristly meat and mealy bread. At Yorktown they set to work digging breastworks. Day after day, 24 hours a day, they dug trenches.

During one brief respite, Asa laid down in the grass to steal some sleep. A British cannonball passed so close to where he lay that, like a great gust of wind, it threw back his blanket. Asa decided

he’d better get back to the trenches.

Shelling was heavy from both sides but after a three-week siege, British General Lord Charles Cornwallis surrendered. Cornwallis’ seven thousand men represented nearly twenty-five percent of the British troops in the colonies. Yorktown was the climactic battle of the Revolutionary War. The British still held key ports like New York City and Charleston, South Carolina, and sporadic fighting continued, but in the wake of the decisive defeat at Yorktown, the British decided the war was no longer winnable and entered treaty negotiations.

Asa toured the horrific destruction in Yorktown that was wrought by the American bombardment. Then he and many other soldiers marched north.

Asa was ill with smallpox, but he was fortunate. Many others died from the highly contagious scourge.

Asa was in New York in 1783 when

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the remainder of his first enlistment in scouting parties, frequently seeing intense action.

Asa returned to Wilton in July of 1780. He wasn’t out of the army for long, re-enlisting in March of 1781.

The wage was forty dollars a month.

As an added incentive to join, enlistees were promised twenty head of cattle upon their return. This time the recruits marched to West Point, where they joined the infantry under Colonel Alex Scammel, four hundred men strong.

“We were put under a severe discipline, maneuvering both day and night,” Asa wrote. Colonel Scammel stood nearly seven feet tall and was a strict taskmaster who abided nothing short of perfection during his troops’ drills. The infantry rowed down the Hudson River to New Jersey where they engaged the British at Kingsbridge. The British launched a ferocious counterattack. In the face of this onslaught, the Amer-

43

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com the Treaty of Paris was signed and the Revolutionary War officially ended.

That’s when he was selected for General Washington’s Honor Guard. He marched to Washington’s headquarters in Princeton where he served the remainder of his time in the Honor Guard.

Of his Revolutionary War experience, Asa wrote, “I am no friend to war, but pray that peace may reign on the earth.” He made his way back to New Hampshire.

Along with his brother Thomas, Asa took a schooner up the Kennebec River to Vassalboro. Asa taught school for six months. His employers, Esquire John and Captain N. Getchell, were satisfied with his performance as a teacher, “though I was far from being qualified for the purpose. This shows the low state of learning in this region at that period in 1784-85.”

Asa lumbered, fished, and farmed during the remainder of the 1780s, all

the while keeping his eye on settling on land near the Kennebec. That’s not the only thing he had his eye on. In September of 1788, Asa wed Mary Getchell.

Four years later, Asa, with the assistance of Captain Getchell, built a sawmill at the foot of Ticonic Falls on the Kennebec River. This was the first sawmill in the area. Soon after, he built a house. In November of 1793 Asa’s family moved in. Asa’s house, three other homes, and the sawmill comprised the original settlement that grew to become Waterville. Asa was Waterville’s first selectperson, and he helped found the First Baptist Church there.

Asa and Mary raised six sons and three daughters. Mary died suddenly on December 12, 1804. Her passing deeply affected Asa. “This was to me a dreadful stroke,” he writes, “and falling so suddenly upon me, the mind was unprepared to meet it…” Asa found con-

solation in his faith.

In 1806 Asa married Hannah Hobby, a Portland widow. She had two children, a boy and a girl from her first marriage. Asa built a large, elegant home for his son William on Silver Street in 1814 that, today, houses the Waterville Historical Society. The house, which is on the National Register of Historic Places, faithfully preserves furnishings and antiques from that era.

Asa died in 1845, outliving Hannah by twelve years. Asa is buried beneath what today is Monument Park in Waterville, across from the library. There once was a cemetery at this spot, but the exact location of his grave isn’t known.

Before his death, Asa requested that his body never be moved. Not too far from his unmarked grave, a stone obelisk stands in St. Francis Catholic Cemetery to honor this selfless American hero.

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Farmington’s Nathan Cutler A pioneer dedicated to education

I

by Charles Francis

n 1864 the trustees of Farmington Academy turned the school over to the State of Maine for use as the state’s first teacher training facility.

Known by a variety of names, including Farmington Normal School, it is now the University of Maine at Farmington.

Nathan Cutler, who was one of Farmington Academy’s founders, would undoubtedly be pleased with how the school he helped establish has changed and evolved.

Nathan Cutler was one of the most remarkable of the early settlers to venture into the Sandy River Valley.

A delicate and educated man who has been variously described as shy, book-

ish, and sickly, he cleared the land for his home, built it with his own hands, planted crops to feed his family until he

was able to establish a law practice, and fathered nine children. Preferring home life and quiet study, he ran for the Massachusetts General Court, the Maine House and Senate, and served as Maine Governor. As an indication of how much he valued education, he secured the charter for Farmington Academy.

Proof of the toll these accomplishments took on Cutler is the fact that he retired from public life in 1844 to live the life of an invalid until he died in 1861.

Nathan Cutler was the son of Joseph and Mary (Reed) Cutler. He was born in 1775. His birthplace is given variously as Warren, Milford, and Lexington, Massachusetts. Regardless of (cont. on page 46)

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(cont. from page 45) these conflicting facts, it is known that Joseph Cutler was a farmer, and a prosperous one. In fact, the elder Cutler did so well that he was able to send his son, who demonstrated his scholarly nature at an early age, to a private academy, and then to Dartmouth College.

After graduating from Dartmouth, Cutler first settled in Middlebury, Vermont, where he made his living as a teacher, and prepared for a career as a lawyer in the offices of a local judge.

In 1801 he was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar. Some two years later he moved to Farmington. A year after that, when he had built his Farmington home, Cutler married Hannah Moore of Weston, Massachusetts.

Cutler quickly became active in Farmington town politics, serving in a variety of offices, including that of town clerk. A deeply religious man, he became a close friend of Supply Belcher. Belcher, who is known as the “Handel of Maine,” is noted for com-

posing hymns, religious anthems, and The Harmony of Maine, the first collection of music by a Maine composer to be published. Supply Belcher was to be another of the founders of Farmington Academy. Cutler and Belcher would allow their own personal libraries to serve as the academy’s library during the school’s first years of operation.

Nathan Cutler’s library was his one indulgence and his pride and joy. Cutler and Belcher also served as members of the academy’s Board of Trustees.

Farmington Academy was established in 1807. That year Cutler traveled to Boston to secure the academy’s charter from the Massachusetts General Court. In design, the academy was to prepare young men for college. As such, it was a step beyond the common school that all communities were expected to support by Massachusetts statute. Nathan Cutler must have liked his experience in Boston because he would choose to return there as an “IF YOU’RE NOT AT HOME PURCHASING YOUR NEXT NEW OR PRE-OWNED VEHICLE YOU’RE AT THE WRONG ADDRESS”

elected official.

Cutler was chosen to represent Farmington in the Massachusetts General Court four times beginning in 1809. In 1819, during his last term in that body, he was a delegate to the Maine Constitutional Convention. As a member of the Convention’s Committee on Style and Title, Cutler took the lion’s share of the burden in polishing the final wording of the Maine Constitution as it appeared for the first time.

Cutler was elected to the Maine Senate twice — in 1828 and 1829. In 1829 he was chosen Senate President. When Cutler was a Senator, Enoch Lincoln was governor. Lincoln died in office in the fall of 1829. Under the Maine Constitution, the President of the Maine Senate succeeds the Governor in the event of his removal from office. This was how Nathan Cutler became the sixth Governor of Maine.

Following his tenure as Governor, Cutler began to limit his public life for

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com health reasons. An ardent Democrat, he worked for the election of Andrew Jackson for President. He served two one-year terms as Franklin County Treasurer in 1838 and 1842. In 1844 he ran for public office one last time, serving as Farmington’s representative in the Maine Legislature. It was his last publicly-held office.

There was one major exception to Nathan Cutler’s withdrawal from public service during his declining years.

He continued to serve on Farmington Academy’s Board of Trustees. This speaks to his dedication to the principles of the importance of education and his love of the institution he helped found.

Nathan Cutler died in 1861. He was eighty-six years old. Today Cutler Memorial Library preserves the Cutler name. It is a fitting reminder of the man who allowed students attending Farmington Academy to use his own personal library.

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Main Street in Mexico. Item # LB2007.1.101391 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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The landing at Pickford Camps in Rangeley. Item # LB2007.1.102152 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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The Rangeley Lakes Region Logging Museum A history of timber harvesting

by Roger Gordon Centrally located between the headwaters of both the Androscoggin and Kennebec rivers, Rangeley has long been one of Maine’s logging centers.

Native Americans used the forest of spruce, balsam fir, beech, birch, and poplar for their homes, canoes, foods, and medicines.

Timber rights attracted the first white settlers to the area in 1794, and 1833 saw the beginning of the first woods industry shingle mill. Several decades later, booms of logs and, later, pulp were towed across Rangeley’s lakes and driven down her rivers.

Rangeley’s forests were home to some of the last stands of virgin spruce.

This rich heritage, combined with active logging operations, made Rangeley an ideal location for a museum dedicated to western Maine’s timber heritage.

And that is exactly what occurred in the fall of 1990. After several years of dreams and hard work, the Rangeley Lakes Region Logging Museum, known as the Maine Forestry Museum since last year, became a reality.

Renovated four times since then, the three-story Maine Forestry Museum has a collection that consists of hun-

dreds of artifacts from regional logging operations, including two snubbing machines, sleds, an extensive assortment of crosscut and chain saws, the White Brothers’ forerunner of the skidder, and one of the last of the bateaux used on the Dead River drives. There are also exhibits on traditional art by western Maine lumbermen, including the fan towers and gumboots of William Richard, and the model drag drays and logging sleds of Carl Trafton. Nineteen oil paintings by Alden Grant, grandson of the founder of Grants’ Kennebago Camps that document life in the re-

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com gion’s lumber camps from 1915-28, grace the museum’s walls.

Other features of the museum include: *Photos and documentation about working in the woods from the late 1800s to the 1940s *Videos dealing with the logging process and working the river drives *Three unique dioramas depicting aspects of forestry other than logging *An interactive area for children, including logging toys A docent is available to handle routine information inquiries. Several pamphlets and books, including Logging in the Maine Woods: The Paintings of Alden Grant, are available for purchase. High-quality reproductions of any of Grant’s paintings, on canvas or paper, are available to order at the museum or online in full size or smaller size.

Outside the museum there is a onehundred-foot pole building with exam-

ples of heavy equipment used during both the hand and horse era of logging and the first forty years of mechanized logging.

Attached to the museum are more than a hundred and twenty-five acres of land in which there is an extensive trail system that will soon be expanded.

Part of the trail system is a portage trail for the seven hundred and forty-mile Northern Forest Canoe Trail system which runs from Old Forge, New York, to Fort Kent.

“There are plans to add another building aimed at interactive education,” said Ron Haines, past president of the Maine Forestry Museum. “The museum is now moving to include all of the forestry activities in Maine, not just the logging. We’re always seeking donated items.”

Since 1979, the Maine Forestry Museum has held several events, including an annual logging festival, demonstrations, exhibits, loggers competitions,

children’s games, parades, and concerts. Each year there is also an induction ceremony for the Loggers Hall of Fame.

“You can’t help learning a lot about the Maine logging and forestry industry by visiting the museum,” said Haines.

The Maine Forestry Museum is the result of a long road traveled by many people, most notably a gentleman by the name of Rodney Richard, Sr., the “Mad Whittler,” the one who started it all. In 1968 Richard, a Hall of Fame inductee, watched as a Brown Paper Company foreman was about to push an old snubbing machine over a bank.

“If you’re going to do that,” Richard yelled, “I’ll take it home.” He did, and his dream of a logging museum began to take shape. A few years later Richard talked to Rangeley individuals and organizations about creating a logging museum. In the fall of 1975, he and Peggy Yocom of the Smithso(cont. on page 52)

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(cont. from page 51) nian spoke with the Historical Society.

Four years later Richard, with a group of six loggers, homemakers, and area residents, founded the Rangeley Lakes Region Logging Museum, a non-profit organization intent on collecting materials and raising money for land and buildings.

In June of 1986, the Rangeley Lakes Region Logging Museum bought an eighteen-acre site in Dallas Plantation from Georgia Pacific Corporation, which helped make the purchase possible by deeding the property on favorable terms. Later that summer Richard began to remove the harvestable and dead timber from the property, which was completed in the fall of 1987. Also in ‘87, the final plans for the museum site were drawn up.

The foundation for the basement was constructed in the spring of 1989.

The first-floor framing and decking

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were also installed that year. Georgia Pacific provided gravel. Volunteers built a small pavilion to shelter festival diners. In April 1990 volunteers erected the framing for the second floor. Work continued throughout that summer to enclose the structure.

The Maine Forestry Museum is open Wednesday through Sunday from late June through Labor Day and Thursday through Sunday from September through early October, and also by arrangement. There is no charge for admission, but there is a donation box at the entrance with suggested contributions. Guided tours and lectures/ demonstrations are available to groups by arrangement for a modest fee.

For more information on the Maine Forestry Museum, please call 207-8643939 or visit maineforestrymuseum. org.

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Kennebec Martyr Father Rasle and the Norridgewock tribe

by Charles Francis

T

he upper reaches of the Kennebec River are a mecca for white water enthusiasts. Every spring and summer canoeists, kayakers and rafters travel here to challenge the many rapids and falls. There are, however, stretches of smooth quiet water. One of these is at Old Point near where the Sandy River joins the Kennebec in the town of Madison. Here, close to a picnic area surrounded by tall pines stands the tall shaft of a monument bearing an iron cross. The monument is a memorial to Sabastian Rasle, a Jesuit priest who was killed here more than 250 years ago.

The monument also stands on the site of Narantsouak, the last stronghold of the Norridgwog (Norridgewock) tribe

of the Kennebec Indians, the Indians to which Father Rasle ministered to for almost thirty-five years.

Sebastian Rasle was a symbol and a victim of the times in which he lived.

The Indians that he served from 1691 to 1724 considered him a saint. The Indians respected him, and he respected them. He worked beside them in the fields, in the forest, and on the river. He made bayberry candles for their chapel, led a choir of over forty of their young people, and compiled a dictionary of their language. For the English settlers of Maine, however, Father Rasle was a devil. He was French. He was Catholic, and he consorted with the Indians.

The Indians Father Rasle served

at Narantsouak were a semi-agricultural people. They grew corn, squash, and what was to become known as Jerusalem artichokes. They netted and speared alewives, salmon, and sturgeon from the Kennebec. They planted in the spring, traveled to the coast in the summer to gather shellfish and to fish, and in the winter they hunted. They were a peaceful people. Unfortunately, however, their village of Narantsouak was situated on a major travel route of both the French and the English.

The French were the first Europeans to frequent the lands of the Kennebec.

They canoed and portaged down from Quebec on the Chaudiere River and sailed up from Castine on the Kenne-

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com bec. The French treated the Indians they encountered well, quickly making them friends and allies. In turn the Indians asked the French for missionaries.

By the time the English had established trading posts at the mouth of the Kennebec and at Cushnoc (Augusta) the French were already well established, and the French practiced a policy of cultivating the Indians, which the English did not.

The first English settlers in Maine had for the most part maintained an uneasy peace with the native inhabitants of the territory. This relationship was to change, however, as the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony began what was to become a systematic eradication of the Indian. In 1675 King Philip’s War broke out in Massachusetts and quickly spread to Maine. From this time on Maine became the scene for some of the bloodiest fighting of the colonial period. Worsening the situation

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was the struggle between France and Britan for dominance in Europe and in the New World. Louis XIV of France was determined to replace Britan as the dominant imperial power in the world.

Maine, located between the colonies of British America and French Canada, was caught in the middle of the power struggle, and as a result, the English settlements there suffered attack after attack by the French and their Indian allies, most notably the Sokokis and the Kennebec.

All the English settlements in Maine were attacked. Some several times.

Over 500 settlers were killed and almost 2000 taken prisoner. Women and children were taken by force and made to march to Quebec. By 1713 only York, Kittery, and Wells were inhabited. It was during this period that Governor Shute of Massachusetts declared all-out war on the French and their Indian allies. The Indians at Narantsouak

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received special attention, as did Father Rasle.

In 1705 Colonel Winthrop Hilton led an expedition to Narantsouak and burned much of the village including Father Rasle’s church. Rasle, though, was undaunted. He quickly had a new temporary chapel built out of tree bark, and by 1718 a new and permanent church was completed. However, during the construction the aging priest broke both his legs and had to be taken by canoe to Quebec. By the time he returned the English had put a price on his head.

In 1722 Captain John Harmon led a force of 200 men against Narantsouak.

Unfortunately for the of the village and for Father Rasle, most of the warriors were away hunting. The now crippled priest was forced to flee to the woods where he again had to watch his church burn along with most of the village. In addition, his dictionary of the Abnaki (cont. on page 56)

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(cont. from page 55) language, a labor of some thirty years, was lost.

Finally, in 1724 the last attack on Narantsouak took place. This attack was led by Captain Jeremiah Moulton, who had a personal interest in wreaking violence on the Indians and their French confederates. A year or so earlier Moulton had returned to his home in York to find it in ruins from an Indian raid. He swore vengeance and was to achieve it with a sneak attack on Sabastian Rasle and his congregation. By the time he was done the village of Narantsouak was annihilated.

Father Rasle was leading a worship service when Moulton and his men swept down on the village. As the worshippers watched in horror, the priest was shot as he stood in the doorway of his little chapel. By the time the raid was over the Norridgwogs were so de-

moralized that they abandoned forever their home on the Kennebec. The surviving members of the tribe either journeyed to Quebec or joined with the Penobscots. As for Father Rasle’s records of the Kennebec, little remains but lists of local plants and animals and a few fragments of the work of a lifetime.

On the hundredth anniversary of the death of Father Rasle, Bishop Fenwick of Boston erected the monument that now stands on Old Point. In the 1920s land was acquired within sight of the iron cross on the monument for a Catholic cemetery. Nothing, however, remains of the village of Narantsouak, whose name ironically meant in Abnaki “smooth water between rapids.”

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Maine’s Incredible Tourmaline The story of the Havey Mine

by John Murray

S

ince childhood, Maine resident Forrest L. Havey has possessed an interest in mining, and this interest was cultivated because of the mining activities that were happening in the state. Since the 1800s Maine has produced large amounts of feldspar. Feldspar is a pale colored crystal, and is the most common mineral that is abundantly found near the surface of the earth.

As Havey grew into a man, he would turn this boyhood passion into an occupation as a feldspar miner. With nearly ten years of experience successfully mining feldspar in the Lewiston area, Forrest L. Havey had a hunch that farmland owned by David Brown would be a good patch of land to prospect for

feldspar. This farmland was near the settlement of Marston’s Corners, six miles west of Lewiston. An agreement to obtain a ten-year lease was made with landowner David Brown, and Havey immediately began searching

for feldspar. His initial efforts were dismal, and after working the land for a few months during the summer, Havey abandoned the farmland to return to his other mining operation in the Lewiston area.

For nearly five years the leased farmland was ignored by Havey as he concentrated his efforts on the other existing feldspar mine. Efforts were taken on the farmland to search for feldspar, but was stopped again after a few months of labor. A year later — in the summer of 1910 — Havey returned to the leased farmland with a dozen laborers. Over the course of the next three weeks, Forrest Havey and his group of (cont. on page 60)

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(cont. from page 59) laborers dug with intent through the topsoil and into the rocks below. At last, Havey’s hunch paid off, and the miners began to find modest amounts of feldspar. Once reaching the rock base, it was common practice to use dynamite to blast through the dense layers of rock. After multiple blasts, Harvey studied the unearthed rock formations with interest. To his surprise, Havey and his crew had reached a large vein formation of pegmatic granite. Excitement brewed in the mind of Havey, because he knew that the valuable gem tourmaline was most always encased within the pegmatic granite.

Havey’s knowledge and intrigue of gem tourmaline was learned when he was a child, and he memorized the legend of how the gem was first discovered in Maine. The very first gemstone mine in the country was established in Paris more than ninety years before, be-

ing accidently discovered by two young men. While in the midst of a hiking trip, the young men came upon a large toppled tree that had been uprooted by wind, and found a bright green crystal laying on the top of the soil. The two young men were mesmerized by the beauty of the crystal, and both knew that they had indeed found something that was truly unique. Fading daylight prevented them from searching for more crystals that day, but they would later return and find many more that were scattered about by the unearthing of the large fallen tree’s root system.

Neither of them had ever seen these green crystals before, and were baffled about their find. The decision was made to send a few of the crystals to Yale University, and a professor there concluded that these crystals were gem tourmaline. With the newfound knowledge of the gemstone, the young men

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ultimately returned to the location, and found a more substantial quantity of the gems that were encased in a nearby rock ledge. To their surprise, the colors of the additional gems varied, and some were green or red in color. The location where they found the gemstones would gradually become a major mining site called Mount Mica. Many more finds of gem tourmaline would occur over the years at this location.

As Havey studied the mass of pegmatic granite, he made the decision to blast with dynamite to crack open the granite. After the roar of the explosion and the smoke had cleared, one of the laborers climbed into the newly formed blast hole, and began clearing the debris of the broken rock. After a few minutes, the laborer abruptly stopped and let out a loud shout. Havey quickly joined the laborer inside the newly formed blast hole and was shocked by

61

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com what he saw.

Protruding from the exposed granite were pieces of green gem tourmaline.

Havey quickly began to harvest the exposed pieces of the green gem, and after digging further with a pick axe, a large pocket of multiple pieces of gem tourmaline was discovered. The find of gems that day would amount to nearly 1000 carats, which was valued at $15,000 in 1910. This was a considerable sum of money during that time, and would be worth nearly $400,000 today. Havey and his laborers celebrated with glee that evening, and all were eager to find out what the next day would bring.

The next day Havey and his crew were driven with renewed intent as they set off multiple dynamite blasts into the hillside. Three days later, not a single piece of additional gem tourmaline was discovered, though, and hopes began to

diminish. But Havey was a motivated man, and provided encouragement and assurance to his men that more gemstones were sure to be in this section of granite.

On the fourth day after the initial discovery, another large pocket of gem tourmaline was discovered. Unlike the previous green color of the previous gems, these gems varied in coloration. Some were the same green color, but others were yellow, pink and clear white. This collection was comparable to the value of the initial find, and would amount to another $15,000 day for Havey and his men.

Multiple dynamite blasts had also unearthed large amounts of feldspar, but this lesser valued mineral was now being ignored as Havey continued to search for more valuable gem tourmaline. A few days later, another segment of hillside was focused upon, and dy-

namite was exploded to reveal a now exposed granite ledge that was hidden underneath the hillside. The outermost segment of the ledge visually appeared to be loose, so a laborer took his pick axe, and forcibly inserted it into the top section of the ledge. As he pulled downward, the granite rock ledge protested for a moment with a loud crack, and then a large segment of the granite broke free.

Havey and his men stared in awe to the sight that lay before them. Packed inside the exposed granite was a huge mass of gemstones. Many of the larger gems were five to eight inches in length, and varied in color from green, white, purple and pink. This pocket of gem tourmaline would amount to over five pounds of gems, which amassed nearly 8000 carats. After Havey and his laborers gathered up the beautiful gems, they stared at a pile of glittering (cont. on page 62)

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(cont. from page 61) gems that had a value of $120,000. In today’s value of money, that would be equivalent to 3.1 million dollars.

Havey would continue to search the property for more gem tourmaline until 1912. A wealthy man at that point, Havey ceased operations at the mine site, now known as the Havey Mine.

The mine reopened briefly in 1976 under new ownership, and today the mine is active again with a new owner who is actively searching for and still finding gem tourmaline.

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Maine’s “Iron Brigade” Led by Waterville’s Harris Plaisted

I

by Charles Francis

n August of 1861 a young Maine lawyer named Harris Plaisted volunteered his services for the Union Army. At the same time, his friend Winslow Spofford also volunteered. Republican Governor Israel Washburn appointed Plaisted as Lieutenant Colonel of the 11th Maine Volunteer Regiment, which formed in Augusta in November of that year. Spofford became a major.

Probably the best explanation as to why Plaisted and Spofford were given high-ranking appointments is that both were active in the Republican Party. In particular, Plaisted served on the staff of Republican Party founder Governor Lot M. Morrill from 1858 to 1860. The

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fact that Plaisted and Spofford were political appointees, however, would have no bearing on the great contributions they would make to the overall war ef-

fort. Plaisted would become recognized as a brilliant field commander. Spofford would sadly lose his life commanding the 11th Maine at the siege of Petersburg.

The battles of the spring and summer of 1864 are considered among the bloodiest and hardest-fought of the Civil War. They are known in history as the Wilderness Campaign since made famous by Stephen Crane in The Red Badge of Courage. Some consider the Wilderness Campaign to be General Ulysses Grant’s finest hour as a military commander because it was then that his Army of the Potomac broke the back of Robert E. Lee’s Army of Vir(cont. on page 64)

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(cont. from page 63) ginia. Others, however, question his overall tactics because of the incredible loss of life they incurred. This is especially true of the death toll at the sieges of Richmond and Petersburg.

The 11th Maine was in the front lines at both Richmond and Petersburg.

It was one of the four regiments that comprised the 3rd Brigade of the 10th Army Corps of General Benjamin Butler’s Army of the James. The other three regiments making up the 3rd Brigade were the 10th Connecticut, 24th Massachusetts, and the 100th New York.

They were remarkably persistent in the face of overwhelming fire at Richmond and Petersburg and, for that, were nicknamed the Iron Brigade. (One should note that there were several other units known as The Iron Brigade, including one Confederate group. The most famous was the Western unit comprised of soldiers from the 2nd, 6th, and 7th Wisconsin Volunteers and the 19th Indiana Volunteers.)

Harris M. Plaisted had one of the most remarkable careers of any Maine figure of the mid- to late-nineteenth century. Born on a hardscrabble farm in Jefferson, New Hampshire on November 22, 1828, he put himself through Waterville College by teaching school.

He served as principal of Waterville Liberal Institute, as well as its Superintendent of Schools, before going on to prepare for the Bar at Albany Law School, graduating in 1855. He began his law practice in Bangor in 1856. He rose to the rank of Major General in the Union Army during the Civil War. Plaisted’s command of his troops was right in line with family tradition. One of his ancestors, Captain John Plaisted, was killed along with two of his sons fighting off an Indian attack at the Kittery garrison in the early 1600s.

Some five months after the 11th Maine left for the front, Harris Plaisted was promoted to Colonel and placed in command of the regiment for the Pen-

insula Campaign. He was in command of the 3rd Brigade during the Wilderness Campaign. The 11th Maine lost two hundred and twenty-two men and officers killed or wounded, and four officers and two hundred and thirty-three enlisted men by disease. One commander of the 11th Maine, Colonel Jonathan Hill, had his arm amputated as a result of wounds received in battle. At the siege of Petersburg, Winslow Spofford, now a Lieutenant Colonel and in command of the 11th Maine, was killed.

As a commander of troops, Harris Plaisted never allowed his men to move on the front line without being in the vanguard. He was twice commended by President Lincoln for gallant and meritorious conduct in the field. General Alfred Terry, Plaisted’s immediate commander, said Plaisted’s command was “not only one of the best... but the best I have ever seen.”

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com mander, wrote, “The discipline of his brigade is of the highest order, and its fighting qualities unsurpassed by any in the army. Colonel Plaisted, having commanded it since its organization at Morris Island, is, in my judgment, entitled to the greater share of the credit for the remarkable efficiency which it has attained. Colonel Plaisted is an officer of unbounded zeal and energy, loyalty, and patriotism.”

Harris Plaisted’s men held feelings similar to those of his immediate superiors, and probably those sentiments are what led his troops to also be called The Iron Brigade. Sometime after the conclusion of the war, after he had returned to Maine, he received a letter signed by the Colonel, Adjutant, and Chaplain, stating that “General H.M. Plaisted, our late Brigade Commander during long and arduous campaigns, may have formal assurance of what, from long association with us, he must fully understand are the true and hearty

sentiments of the officers of the ‘Tenth Connecticut, Resolved. That the unvarying and remarkable successes of his command are the best evidence of General Plaisted’s faithfulness and ability as a soldier, and that no higher tribute of praise can be paid to his skill and bravery than that he was a worthy commander of the ‘Iron Brigade.’ That until the memory of the events in which we bore a part with him and under him have passed from our minds, we shall ever cherish pleasing recollections of General Plaisted as an able commander, a gallant soldier, and an estimable Christian gentleman.”

From 1873 to 1875 Harris Plaisted was elected Maine Attorney General on three occasions. In 1875 he was elected to Congress. In 1881 he became Maine’s only Fusion Governor when a coalition of the Democrat and Greenback parties joined together in his support. He served as Governor of Maine from 1881 to 1883. He went on to edit

The New Age, an Augusta newspaper of the 1880s and 90s. Undoubtedly, what was one of the greatest moments of Harris Plaisted’s life was when he was asked to give the dedication speech for the laying of the cornerstone of Memorial Hall at Colby University in 1866.

Dignitaries in attendance compared his speech to those of Daniel Webster.

Harris Plaisted died on January 31, 1898, and is interred in Mount Hope Cemetery in Bangor. At the time of his death, he was still working as editor and publisher of The New Age. He was also involved with the publication of the Digest of Maine Reports, the proceedings of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. His life’s story, as is the story of the 11th Maine, and The Iron Brigade, is one of the most remarkable in Maine history.

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Phillips’ Elizabeth Dyar

by Charles Francis

Revolutionary War heroine

O

n the evening of December 16, 1773 three companies of fifty men each passed through the crowds of spectators thronging the wharves of Boston Harbor. For the most part, the men bore at least some minimal resemblance to Indians, although it was quite clear to all onlookers that there wasn’t an Indian among them. The hundred and fifty men were, of course, the masqueraders who have gone down in history as the Patriots of the Boston Tea Party.

The little town of Freeman in Franklin County has a direct tie to the Boston Tea Party. That tie comes through Elizabeth Dyar. According to an article in the Franklin County Journal of June

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12, 1914, Elizabeth Dyar’s husband Joseph Dyar was one of the “Indians” who helped dump the tea from the three East India Company vessels into Boston Harbor. According to the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), however, the Dyar who took part in the Tea Party was John Dyar, Jr. Regardless, Elizabeth Dyar, herself, is credited by the DAR with helping to disguise the “Indians” by daubing them with war paint. In fact, the Elizabeth Dyar Memorial in Freeman clearly states that “Elizabeth Nichols Dyar [was] one of three young women who mixed and applied the paint to disguise as Indians the men of the Boston Tea Party...”

Elizabeth Dyar came to Maine —

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along with her son Joseph Dyar — from Malden, Massachusetts in 1806.

At the time, Elizabeth Dyar had been a widow for twenty-three years. The Dyars first settled in Phillips and then moved to Freeman. Joseph Dyar was an influential figure in the development of the Free Will Baptist church in Maine.

At the time of his mother’s death in 1818, Joseph Dyar placed a simple stone slab at her grave. It gave her name, age (sixty-seven) and extolled the simple lines, “All flesh is grass.” The Elizabeth Dyar Memorial was erected by the Maine Council of the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1924. The memorial, a bronze plaque, also serves to commemorate the patriotic service

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com of Joseph Dyar the elder, who died as a result of injuries suffered at the hands of the British.

The Daughters of the American Revolution identifies the other two young women who helped paint the men of the Boston Tea Party as Sarah Bradlee Fulton and Ann Bradlee. The two were sisters-in-law, with Ann being the wife of Sarah Fulton’s brother Nathaniel. Sarah Fulton and her husband John lived in Medford and the Bradlees at the corner of Tremont and Hollis Streets in Boston.

At the time of the Tea Party, Elizabeth Dyar was living in Malden, a town that borders on Medford, where Sarah Fulton lived. Dyar was twenty-two, Ann Bradlee was twenty-seven and Sarah Fulton was thirty-three. The actual painting of the “Indians” took place at the Boston home of the Bradlees.

(Neither Medford nor Malden were close enough to Boston Harbor to have

served as a base of operations.)

While it is extremely doubtful that Elizabeth Dyar’s husband Joseph took part in the Tea Party as is stated in the Franklin County Journal, genealogy records do show that John Dyar, Jr. and Elizabeth Dyar’s husband Joseph were related. Joseph Dyar was, however, a bonafide Revolutionary War hero in his own right, as the Elizabeth Dyar Memorial clearly states.

Joseph Dyar was a sea captain who put himself in danger many times by bringing supplies to Patriot forces.

In fact, he was captured by the British while making an attempt to reach the beleaguered Continental Army on Long Island and nearly beaten to death.

It was as a consequence of this beating that he died in 1783.

As the history books tell us, the Boston Tea Party was one of the sparks that led to the American Revolution. As a result of the actions of “Indians” made

up by Elizabeth Dyar, Sarah Fulton, and Ann Bradlee as well as other acts of Patriot resistance to British authority, the Port of Boston was closed. This, in turn, led to Paul Revere’s famous ride and the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill. This continued Patriot resistance also led to trouble for Elizabeth Dyar and her children.

According to the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Dyar family was marked out by the British for their Patriot activities. At one point Elizabeth and her children even had to be smuggled out of Malden through British lines.

Elizabeth Dyar and the other two women who helped make up the Patriots for the Boston Tea Party have largely been ignored in the pages of history.

Of the three, Sarah Bradlee Fulton is the best known, as her name was the answer to a recent Internet trivia question: “Who was the mother of the Boston Tea (cont. on page 68)

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(cont. from page 67) Party?” And, until recently there was a Sarah Bradlee Fulton Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Medford. Today all that remains of that local chapter’s efforts to preserve the memory of Fulton is a small stone in Medford. There is no memorial at all to Ann Bradlee.

For the above reasons, the Elizabeth Dyar Memorial in Freeman is especially significant as it stands as one of the very few tributes to a heroine of the Revolution. Those who have continued to care for it over the years can be justly proud of their efforts to keep the memorial to this remarkable woman as a symbol of our nation’s heritage.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com

The Romance Of The Old Canada Road Built upon old Native American trails

by Charles Francis

T

here are a few roads in Maine that are true gateways to the past.

Somewhat ironically, each more or less follows an old Indian trail, as it was those first masters of the north woods who knew best how to travel.

Each also leads out of the state. In addition, each was a route used by French Canadians to immigrate to Maine. Two of the routes lead to New Brunswick and one to Quebec. The routes leading to New Brunswick are the fabled Airline and the old Military Road. The route to Quebec is the Old Canada Road leading from the general area of Bingham, through Jackman, and on to Saint Georges, Quebec and Quebec City. Today it is Route 201.

The original Canada Road was nothing more than a trail used by the Indians

to travel between the St. Lawrence and the Kennebec rivers. For approximately a quarter of its length, it followed the Kennebec before moving in a westerly direction towards Parlin Pond and on to the Chaudiere River in Quebec. Today the region, which in Maine is centered at Jackman and in Quebec at Saint Georges, is a mecca for snowmobilers who travel Maine Route 201 to reach it.

In the latter part of the nineteenth century, before there was any provincial or state road leading from Quebec City to the mill towns of Maine, French Canadians used the Canada Road to emigrate to cities like Lewiston and Waterville.

Today there is an ongoing joint project between the Province of Quebec and the State of Maine to celebrate the history as well as the natural beauty

of the Old Canada Road. In part, the road is viewed as a potential link between the Appalachian Trail and the Trans-Canada Trail. In addition, the project has other goals, including those of economic development and increasing tourism. However, this is not the first time there has been a concentrated effort to accomplish these goals.

In fact, well before French Canadians used the Old Canada Road to come to Maine, there was a project which had similar goals and objectives.

The first plan for a road through the region served by the Old Canada Road dates back to the days when the French controlled Canada and eastern Maine.

As early as 1670 a possible route for a road connecting Quebec City and the Penobscot Bay region was blazed out.

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It was Webber to whom a number of land speculators that were interested in the extreme north woods region turned around 1820 for advice, and who had as much to do with rejuvenating the idea of a road running from the Kennebec River to Quebec as anyone.

Around 1820 land speculators began to take an interest in the region between the upper reaches of the Kennebec and Moosehead Lake and the Canadian border. While timber was, of course, a consideration in this speculation, recreation was an even bigger factor. By 1830 surveyed land in the region was going for twenty-one cents an acre. In succeeding years, however, it hit sixty-one cents and even a dollar and sixty-six cents an acre.

This speculation was based specifically on the lure and novelty of the north woods. Many felt that the romantic scenery of the region would “make this [the region] a favorite tour for parties of pleasure and draw a large amount of travel…” Visionaries be-

lieved that “picturesque hamlets would soon be scattered... to the borders of Canada and that [the region] would be covered with cultivated farms.” One result of this was the beginnings of Maine’s Canada Road, the upper reaches of which were laid out by John Webber along old Indian trails.

The initial stretches of the Canada Road were local town road projects.

One of the very first was the stretch between Solon and Bingham. Eventually, this was continued to Caratunk and then The Forks, where it left the Kennebec in the direction of Parlin Pond, Jackman, and Moose River. It was a project that took decades, however, and would not be completed in Maine until the Maine State Department of Transportation began its first major road construction program around 1920.

Long before that, however, the Canada Road was being used by immigrants from Quebec eager for work in the mill towns of central Maine.

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(cont. from page 69)

Nothing, however, ever happened with this early French attempt at creating a road linking Acadia to the interior of French Canada. It would not be until Maine became a state that another concentrated effort would be made to create a Canada Road.

At the close of the Revolution, all of the original thirteen states had large blocks of public domain lands. With one exception, these lands quickly passed into the private sector. The one exception was Massachusetts. Actually these lands were in Maine, which was a part of Massachusetts until 1820, and even when Maine became a state, Massachusetts retained control of a portion of them.

Before and after Maine became a state, Massachusetts, at various times, employed a man named John Webber to act as their land agent. Webber was one of the most respected timber cruisers of the period and was considered by many the foremost authority on the upper reaches of the north woods.

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A-1 Seamless Gutters............................................................23 ABC Pool & Spa Center.........................................................18 Above and Beyond, LLC.........................................................17 ADA Fence Company, Inc. ...................................................40 Advantage Insurance.............................................................47 Affordable Auto Repair...........................................................32 Affordable Well Drilling Inc. ....................................................20 All Points Transportation........................................................49 Allied Realty............................................................................57 American Forest Management...............................................45 Andrew Ames Logging.............................................................5 Androscoggin Title Company.................................................21 Archie's Inc. Rubbish Removal...............................................65 @ Home Electric....................................................................62 Bay Haven Lobster Pound & Restaurant.............................28 Bean Maine Lobster................................................................15 Belgrade Regional Health Center...........................................37 Bell Boys Moving and Labor Services...................................21 Bessey Insurance..................................................................47 Bethel Chamber of Commerce..............................................60 Bethel Family Health Center..................................................37 Betty's Laundry.......................................................................32 Big Wheels Power Sports Service & Repair...........................26 Bingham Area Health Center..................................................37 Bingham Motor Inn & Sports Complex..................................54 Blanchet Builders, L.L.C. ....................................................57 Blanchette Moving & Storage Co. .........................................6 Bob's Cash Fuel.....................................................................69 Bolster Monumental Works....................................................13 Boomers Restaurant & Saloon...............................................59 Boos Heating Company..........................................................34 Bowley Brook Pure Maple Syrup...........................................46 Boynton's Greenhouse...........................................................57 Bragdon-Finley Funeral Home...............................................61 Captain Jack’s ........................................................................30 Central Maine Community College.........................................33 Central Tire Co. Inc. ...............................................................27 Chris' Electric.........................................................................32 Chuck Wagon Restaurant......................................................38 Cliff Gray Cremation - Funeral Services LLC........................59 Cobb's Pierce Pond Camps....................................................67 Cole Harrison Insurance........................................................50 Collins Enterprises.................................................................44 Colonial Valley Motel..............................................................44 Computer Improvements........................................................55 Cooper Farms.........................................................................35 Copp Excavating....................................................................22 Copy Kat's Printing & Design................................................10 Cote's Transmission.................................................................7 Coulthard's Inc. Pools & Spas................................................48 Countryside Auto Body & Repair.............................................7 Creaser Jewelers...................................................................32 Cumberland Stump Removal.................................................23 Cushing Construction.............................................................39 D.A. Wilson & Co. Complete Excavation Services..................34 Damboise Garage..................................................................42 Dan's Automotive Repair & Sales.........................................65 Danzig Painting & Home Improvements................................33 Debbie Bodwell - RMS..........................................................20 Deertrees Theatre..................................................................34 Den's Automotive Services, Inc. ..........................................12 Design Architectural Heating..................................................18 Dirigo Waste Oil......................................................................40 Dutch Treat.............................................................................46 Dyer Septic Service & Excavation..........................................35 Ecopelagicon......................................................................51 Ed Hodsdon Masonry, Inc. .....................................................7 Edmunds Market....................................................................66 Ed's Grove Discount Warehouse...........................................26 Engine 5 Bakehouse..............................................................62 Eric's Restaurant - Spirits - Banquets.....................................41 ESC Enterprises.....................................................................36 Evergreens Campground & Restaurant..................................68 Fairfield Antiques Mall.............................................................4 Farmington Farmers Union & Union Rental...........................64 Fast Eddies............................................................................23 Fine Line Paving & Grading....................................................55 Finley Funeral Home.............................................................61 Firefly Boutique......................................................................31 Floormaster North..................................................................58 Four Winds Too Lobster Co. & Redemption Center................61 Franklin County Chamber of Commerce..............................64 Franklin Savings Bank..............................................................3 Franklin Somerset Federal Credit Union.................................4 Freeport Antiques, Heirlooms Showcase...............................15 Fryeburg Glass.......................................................................12 Full Circle Artisan's Gallery....................................................28 G&G Cash Fuels....................................................................22 Garden Island Cleaners.........................................................70 Garage Girl Goodies...............................................................43 Gendron's Seafood................................................................17 George's Banana Stand.........................................................56 Giberson Funeral Home.........................................................55 Gingerbread Farm Perennials...............................................38 Glenn Snow Building and Remodeling..................................30 Good Times Unlimited RV Sales & Service............................45 Gray Family Vision Center.....................................................24 Greater Bridgton Lakes Region Chamber of Commerce........29 Greg's Auto Repair.................................................................69 Gridiron Restaurant ...............................................................19 Grimaldi Concrete Floors & Countertops...............................38 Hair by Tim.............................................................................65 Hall Implement Co. ..............................................................24 Hammond Lumber Company.................................................43 Hardys Motorsports................................................................70 Harris Drug Store...................................................................52 HealthReach Community Health Centers...............................37 Heart & Hand Inc. ..................................................................29 Hight Family of Dealerships.....................................................5

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High Tide Low Tide Seafood.................................................53 Hodgdon Well Drilling, Inc. .....................................................5 Hog Heaven Bar & Grill..........................................................66 Home Auto Group..................................................................46 Hungry Hollow Country Store..................................................4 Image Auto Body....................................................................68 Jake White Logging................................................................27 Jay Salisbury Heating and Air Conditioning.........................42 Jay, Livermore, Livermore Falls Chamber of Commerce........61 JD's Package Store & Redemption........................................27 Jean Castonguay Excavating.................................................37 Jimmy's Shop 'N Save............................................................69 Johnny Castonguay Logging & Trucking................................36 Jordan Lumber Co. ...............................................................49 J.P. Carroll Fuel Co. ................................................................11 JRB Auto Body.......................................................................36 JT's Finest Kind Saw..............................................................58 JW Awning Co. .......................................................................7 Kash for Kans Recycling, LLC..............................................10 Kim's Garage & 24 Hour Towing Service................................63 Knowles Lumber Company......................................................8 Korhonen Land Care..............................................................60 Kramers Inc. ..........................................................................39 L&L Timber Land Management..............................................62 L.R. Nadeau Inc. Excavation.................................................23 Lakepoint Real Estate............................................................42 Lakes Region Power Systems...............................................50 Laney's Pit Stop......................................................................57 Langlois' Auto Body & Auto Sales.........................................18 Larsen's Electric.....................................................................65 Lavallee's Garage..................................................................69 Law Office of Brian Condon, Jr. Esq. ......................................22 Legacy Realty.........................................................................18 Lenny's at Hawkes Plaza........................................................25 Lewiston House of Pizza.......................................................17 Liberte Auto Sales..................................................................21 Lincoln Street Radiator Shop....................................................7 Linda Bean's Maine Kitchen & Topside Tavern......................15 Linda Bean’s Perfect Maine Vacation Rental.........................15 Linda Bean’s Maine Wyeth Gallery.........................................15 Linkletter & Sons, Inc. .............................................................3 Long Green Variety.................................................................62 Looney Moose Café...............................................................50 Luce's Meats & Maple...........................................................53 Madison Area Health Center..................................................37 Madison Business Alliance.....................................................54 Maine Crafts Festival..............................................................66 Maine Dept. of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife.....................6 & 51 Maine Family Federal Credit Union...........................................6 Maine Forest Service..............................................................52 Maine Historical Society............................................................5 Maine Lakes Brewfest............................................................29 Maine Pellet Sales LLC............................................................7 Maine Veterinary Medical Center.............................................16 Mainely Puppies Plus, LLC.....................................................59 Maine's Northwestern Mountains...........................................49 Maine's Paper & Heritage Museum.......................................37 Mama Bear's Den..................................................................53 Maurice Restaurant................................................................33 McAllister Accounting and Tax Services...............................62 McNaughton Construction......................................................40 MEDCo.................................................................................17 Mel's Raspberry Patch...........................................................26 Memorial Guard LLC..............................................................37 Mid-Maine Chamber of Commerce........................................41 Mike Wainer Plumbing & Heating............................................58 Mills Market............................................................................66 Ming Lee Chinese Restaurant................................................39 Monmouth Federal Credit Union.............................................22 Montello Heights Retirement Community...............................19 Moose River Lodge & Motel...................................................53 Moosehead Motorsports.........................................................52 Morrell's Septic Tank Service Excavating.................................9 Mount Blue Motel....................................................................44 Mount Saint Joseph Residence & Rehab.............................40 Mountain Greenery Greenhouses..........................................35 Mt. 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Blue Drug.........................................................................45 Murdough Logging & Chipping...............................................30 Naples Marina........................................................................30 Naples Packing Co., Inc. ......................................................65 New Portland Lions Agricultural Fair......................................66 NewGen Powerline Construction............................................58 Niedner's Floor Finishing........................................................61 Nikken....................................................................58 North Camps..........................................................................52 Northeast Laboratory Services................................................5 Northeast Real Estate............................................................41 Norway/Paris Soft Serve........................................................13 Oberg Insurance & Real Estate Agency................................12 Ogunquit Beach Lobster House.............................................15 Old Mill Pub Restaurant..........................................................56 Otis Federal Credit Union.......................................................62 Our Village Market.................................................................67 Oxford Casino Hotel & Event Center..........................back cover Oxford Federal Credit Union...................................................47 Oxford Hills Chamber of Commerce......................................13 Packard Appraisal, Inc. ......................................................30 Paradise Inspection, LLC.......................................................61 Pat's Pizza - Auburn...............................................................20 Pat's Pizza - Windham............................................................25 Pawz & Clawz Petz..................................................................9 Peck's Family Acupuncture....................................................26 Penobscot Marine Museum....................................................14 Percy's Tires & Auto Repair LLC............................................10 Perkins Management..............................................................40 Phil Carter's Garage...............................................................63 Phil’s Concrete.......................................................................60 Pine Tree Orthopedic Lab Comfort Shoe & Foot Center..........37

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Pitcher Perfect Tire Service....................................................43 Poor Bob's Storage................................................................63 Presidential Pest Control........................................................17 Prestige Pools........................................................................20 Prime Financial Inc. ..............................................................41 Profenno's Restaurant & Pub.................................................25 Quality Construction...............................................................63 Quinn Hardware.....................................................................56 R&B's Home Source..............................................................54 R.E. Lowell Lumber Inc. ........................................................36 R.F. Automotive Repair..........................................................70 R.W. Day Logging...................................................................12 Randy's Full Service Auto Repair, LLC...............................57 Range Pond Campground.......................................................8 Rangeley Electric...................................................................52 Rangeley Family Medicine.....................................................37 Rangeley Lakes Region Chamber of Commerce..................50 Rangeley Vacation Rentals....................................................68 Ranger Pest Services.............................................................28 Record Building Supply, Inc. ................................................13 Redington-Fairview General Hospital....................................56 Residential Mortgage Service................................................20 Richard Wing & Son Logging Inc. .........................................26 Rick & Kevin Lewis Building & Remodeling.............................13 Ricker Hill Orchards...............................................................36 Rick's Garage.........................................................................53 River Valley Chamber of Commerce.......................................65 Robert W. Libby & Sons, Inc. ....................................................6 Rod's Cycle & RV....................................................................55 Ron's Market..........................................................................64 Ron's Transmissions................................................................8 Rottari Electric..........................................................................8 Route 26 Antiques..................................................................32 Roy Brothers Excavation........................................................21 Roy I Snow, Inc. .....................................................................21 Russell & Sons Towing & Recovery.........................................34 S.A. McLean, Inc. ...................................................................28 Sabattus House of Pizza........................................................20 Sackett & Brake Survey Inc. ................................................58 Sanders Auto Service.............................................................66 Sandy River Builders.............................................................45 Sarge’s Sports Pub & Grub....................................................50 Sebago Lakes Region Chamber of Commerce........................9 Sebago Spirits Festival.............................................................9 Select Auto Service...............................................................19 Seth McCoy's Excavating......................................................11 Sew it Seams..........................................................................68 Skowhegan & Waterville Tire Center.....................................70 Skowhegan Regional Chamber of Commerce........................57 Smile Again Dentures, Inc. ..................................................19 Solon Corner Market..............................................................56 Spanky's Speed Shop............................................................12 Spectrum Property Management............................................42 Spencer Group Paving, LLC..................................................36 Stacy's Service Center..........................................................13 Sterling Electric......................................................................45 Stratton Plaza Hotel & Traitor Lounge...................................68 Strong Area Health Center.....................................................37 Strong Hardware & Building Supply.......................................67 Styling Dog Grooming Boutique..............................................6 T&L Enterprises Auto & Small Engine Repair........................68 Taste of Waterville..................................................................41 Taylor's Drug Store.................................................................55 The Garden Goddess............................................................34 The Good Life Market............................................................25 The Irregular...........................................................................48 The Kingfield Woodsman Restaurant.....................................48 The Meadows...........................................................................8 The Old Maps of the 1800s....................................................29 The Red Barn Market.............................................................69 The Sedgley Place................................................................23 The Sterling Inn Bed & Breakfast...........................................52 The Village Donut Shop & Bakery............................................9 Town & Lake Motel Lakeside Lodging....................................51 Town of Carthage...................................................................64 Town of Farmington................................................................43 Town of Mexico.......................................................................48 Trail's End Steakhouse & Tavern...........................................67 Trash Guyz.............................................................................24 Treehouse Glass Studio..........................................................25 Triple D Redemption & Tanning Spa......................................70 Tri-State Steel.........................................................................20 Trusted Souls Adult Daycare, LLC. .......................................23 Twin Town Homes, Inc. ..........................................................59 V&G Home Improvements.....................................................22 Valley ArborCare....................................................................63 Valley Gas & Oil Company.....................................................67 VintageMaineImages.com................................................5 W.L. Sturgeon, Inc. ...............................................................12 Wadsworth Woodlands...........................................................28 Weber Insurance Group - Farmington & Livermore Falls.....47 Welch's Hardware & Lumber.................................................11 West Bethel Motel..................................................................35 Western Maine Family Health Center.....................................37 Western Maine Pharmacy, Inc. .............................................48 Western Maine Screen Doors.................................................49 White's Land Management.....................................................46 Whittemore & Sons Outdoor Power Equipment......................58 Wilson Excavating, Inc. ........................................................60 Wilson Funeral Home..............................................................8 Winslow Supply, Inc. ............................................................63 Wolf Creek Farm Store LLC...................................................39 Woodland Valley Disc Golf.....................................................10 Woodlawn Rehab & Nursing Center......................................55 Wood-Mizer of Maine.............................................................61 Woodsome's Feeds & Needs.................................................10 Zippy Copy Center..................................................................11

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~ 2020 Western Maine ~

Western Maine

ALWAYS OPEN,

ALWAYS FUN! Maine’s home for wicked good fun, with 24/7 casino action and our convenient hotel, pub and event center!

OxfordCasino.com

Experience round-the-clock casino excitement on our expanded gaming floor, including nearly 1,000 slot machines and 30 table games! With a hotel featuring over 100 rooms and a pub-style restaurant offering the best in Maine and New England cuisine, we’re building excitement every day!

Oxford Casino Hotel is just minutes from the Maine Turnpike on Route 26!

Persons under 21 years of age may not enter the gaming area unless licensed as employees. Gambling problem? In Maine, call 2-1-1 or (800) 522-4700 for help.