Estaleiro Naval de Sarilhos Pequenos - Percurso Interpretativo

Ficha Técnica / Technical Info Elaboração de Textos – Maria Clara Santos Texts - Maria Clara Santos – António Nabais Science Review – António Nabais – Luís Jésero Graphic Design - Luís Jésero - João Hortelão; Jorge Feiteira; José Presumido e Paulo Guerreiro Photographs of the City Council Of Moita - João Hortelão; Jorge Feiteira; José Presumido and Paulo Guerreiro – António Nabais e Marcolino Fernandes Photo Credits - António Nabais and MArcolino Fernandes – Alexandre Vaz Print Design - Alexandre Vaz Edição – Câmara Municipal da Moita / DASC / Divisão de Cultura Edition - City Council of Moita / DASC / Division of Culture Data da Edição – Junho 2019 Date Printed - June 2019 Printing Company – 455986/19 Legal Deposit - 455986/19 ISBN – 978-989-54449-1-5 – 1000 exemplares Issue - 1000 copies

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

Índice / Index Nota de Apresentação / Presentation Note

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1 | História do Estaleiro Naval History of the shipyard

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2 | Caldeira Boiler

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3 | Plano Inclinado Inclined Plane

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4 | Armazém das Madeiras e Sala do Risco Wood Storehouse and Sketching Room

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5 | Serração das Madeiras Sawing The Wood

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6 | Casa do Guincho e da Estopa Winch and Tow House

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7 Hardware Workshop

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8 | Praia e Cais de Acostagem para as embarcações Beach and Mooring Quay for Vessels

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9 | Caldeira do Moinho de Maré de Entre os Termos Boiler from the old Maré de Entre os Termos Mill

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Bibliography

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

No Concelho da Moita permanece em actividade o último estaleiro naval de construção em maO Estaleiro do Mestre Jaime Costa em Sarilhos Pequenos assegura actualmente a manutenção Os barcos típicos do Tejo não sobreviverão ao desaparecimento do conhecimento e dos meios

inestimável onde se conjugam as ancestrais raízes históricas com um enorme potencial de vaVisitar o Estaleiro de Sarilhos Pequenos é conhecer um património vivo transmitido e preservado ao longo dos séculos e é também contribuir para a necessária e urgente acção de salva-

Presidente da Câmara Municipal da Moita

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Presentation Note The last wooden shipbuilding in the estuary of the River Tagus and one of the last in the coun-

The typical boats of the Tagus will not survive the disappearance of the knowledge and the -

ble legacy where the ancestral historical roots are combined with an enormous appreciation

transmitted and preserved over the centuries and also to participate in the necessary and urgent action to safeguard the Shipyard and the cultural richness of the Tagus riverine com-

Mayor of the city of Moita

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

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tres quinhentistas da Ribeira das Naus e dos estaleiros da mar-

History of the shipyard The Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard was built in 1947 by António Pinto, known as “Viana”, for the repair of vessels. It consisted of just a shed, half of which rested on wooden stakes, a beach, a hoist and a few other bits and pieces. In 1955, it was purchased by shipmaster Jaime Ferreira da Costa, born in Pardilhó and father of the current head of the shipyard, Jaime M. C. Costa. This led to the redevelopment of the yard, with the acquisition of land to expand the premises and the creation of naval support structures. Today it is the only shipyard still working with wood in the Tagus estuary, where one can observe the expertise and practices of the 16th century masters from Ribeira das Naus and the shipyards on the south bank of the Tagus (Telha and Arrentela / Seixal).

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

Master Jaime Ferreira da Costa.

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Shipyard of Sarilhos Pequenos: Route Plan

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Map of the Shipyard of Sarilhos Pequenos.

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Estuário do Tejo com a localização dos Mounting of the lining below the gunwale.

Construction of a barge boat.

Tagus Estuary with the location of the Shipyard of Ribeira das Naus, in the XVth and XVIth centuries and the Shipyard of Sarilhos Pequenos today.

LEGENDA / SUBTITLE Percurso interpretativo / 1

História do Estaleiro Naval / History of the Shipyard

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Caldeira /

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Plano inclinado /

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Armazém das madeiras e sala do risco /

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Serração das madeiras /

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Casa do guincho e da estopa /

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Praia e cais de acostagem para as embarcações /

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Caldeira do antigo Moinho de Maré de Entre os Termos /

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Caldeira A conservação das madeiras por imersão na água salgada cons-

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das dentro da caldeira e podiam permanecer aí durante muitos

Boiler The conservation of wood using salt water immersion is one of the oldest processes in existence. After cutting it at the appropriate time, the green wood with its bark was placed in the boiler, where it could be left for a number of years, thereby Ribeira das Naus, in Lisbon, which had an excellent area in Azinheira, in Seixal and in the shipyards on the south bank of the Tagus. The Sarilhos Pequenos shipbuilding yard, the main scenario for the preparation and departure of ships to the “new worlds”, is one of the few which has survived to modern times, is still operational, and features all the characteristics of the old shipyards from the age of the Discoveries.

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

Partial view of the fen, in Azinheira, where the wood for Ribeira das Naus was buried.

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

Preparation of the inclined plane.

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

Plano Inclinado

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e colocadas nos picadeiros (armação de madeira onde se

Inclined Plane

Boat climbing the inclined plane.

The inclined ramp, composed of two access lanes straight to the shallow waters, built with iron rails and masonry, is an essential piece of infrastructure in the shipyard, as it enables vessels to be taken out of the water and raised in order to work on the entire area beneath the water line. With new constructions the inclined ramp facilitates launching vessels into the water. When the shipyard was not equipped with a ramp, all this work was conducted manually, vessels were raised to a height of one meter using jacks and laid on picadeiros (a wooden frame on which the vessel is placed).

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Passar o desenho do molde para a

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sua curvatura natural para se consApplying the mould drawing to the piece of wood, selected for its natural curvature to build a boat.

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Wood Storehouse and Sketching Room In accordance with practices adopted in shipyards, green wood should not be used. After the trees are cut, the wood is smoothened, its bark is removed with an axe and placed in a well-aired place to dry for a period of at least one year. It is piled up here in the storehouse to ensure it is ventilated. This area also serves as a sketch room, where the master carpenters draw the sketches of the vessels parts in real size based on scaled drawings. In times gone by, when boats were built from memory, shipmasters designed the shape of the vessel in the form

Table of scantlings and bevel Percurso Interpretativo

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

Cleaning of cut wood.

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

Cutting the arm to the exact size of the mould.

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Sawing the Wood In naval carpentry, much use is made of the technique involving the use of a mould, based on which the part is designed on the wood selected. The excess wood is then cut away along the line of the mould using the band saw, to ensure the correct measurements, before adding the Cutting the arm to the exact size of the mould.

place in the vessel. The band saw is designed to make any kind of cut, both straight and curved, thy of which are the arms.

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Guincho da carreira Winch of the inclined plane.

técnico secular que persistiu no sector da construção naval em

Winch and Tow House The winch installed here serves to pull vessels up the inclined ramp using steel cables. This house still features the caulker´s tow and tool boxes. It is also here that the tow is methodically prepared, conducting the work involving the shredding, cleaning, twisting and rolling the yarn in order to form the skein for later use on the vessel´s board joints to waterproof it (the caulker). This is a secular technical procedure which has lasted in the wooden shipbuilding sector.

Caixa das ferramentas do calafate Toolbox of the drum and ball of tow.

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

Caulking the plank joints with tow.

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Preparation of the bolts.

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estaleiro naPreparation of the bolts.

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Hardware Workshop The hardware workshop, located in a wing of the shipyard, is a piece of infrastructure of great importance, both in relation to the production of iron pegs and in the preparation of nails, both used in the system for joining wooden parts. Iron has always been used to produce fastening elements. To prevent rusting and to ensure a better and longer period of conservation, both the pegs and nails are zinc plated. This workshop is also where all the hardware required for the vessel´s gear, such as pulleys, blocks, shoes, anchors, etc, are prepared.

Preparation of the bolts.

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madeira para acostagem das embarcações e ergueu-se a cábrea com quinze metros de altura (agora um equipamento inexistenciona como um espaço de atracação para as embarcações que

Beach and Mooring Quay for Vessels A sheltered river beach was once the ideal place to install a shipyard, and Sarilhos Pequenos is no exception. The wooden

Painting reproducing the Shears

by Marcolino Fernandes.

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Shears of the shipyard.

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

Caldeira do antigo Moinho de MarĂŠ Pond of the old Tidal Mill of Entre os Termos.

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Sarilhos Pequenos Shipyard – An Interpretive Tour

O Moinho de Maré de Entre os Termos dispunha de quatro pares Painting reproducing the Tidal Mill of Entre os Termos

by Marcolino Fernandes.

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Boiler from the old Maré de Entre os Termos Mill The Maré de Entre os Termos Mill featured four pairs of grindstones, two belonged to the district of Aldeia Galega and the other two to the district of Alhos Vedros and later, as of 1691, to the district of Moita. It remained in operation until the late 1940s. In addition to milling cereals, the tidal mills played a major role in cleaning river shallows over the centuries. The boiler from this mill is still used nowadays by the shipyard to clear the shallow waters of Sarilhos Pequenos, helping ensure they remain navigable.

Porta de água do antigo Moinho de Maré de Entre os Termos Sluice gate of the old Tidal Mill of Entre os Termos.

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Bibliography Relações entre Técnicas de Construção Naval Portuguesa do Século XVI e dos Mestres Construtores Poveiros

Revista do Exercito e da Armada

Embarcações e Artes de Pesca Archivo Pittoresco

Barcos do Tejo

Experiência e conhecimento na construção naval portuguesa do século XVI: os Tratados de Fernando Oliveira

XVI e XVII

Livro de Traças de Carpintaria

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A Construção do Navio de Madeira -

A Arte da Construção no Estudo das Tradições Navais A Arte Popular em Portugal Embarcações Regionais da Tradição Portuguesa

Dicionário de Linguagem da Marinha Antiga e Actual

Estudos sobre Navios Portugueses nos Séculos XV e XVI O Trabalho e as tradições Religiosas no Distrito de Lisboa

Dicionário da História de Lisboa Lisboa Subterrânea Livro da Fabrica das Naus Livro das Grandezas de Lisboa (1620) A Embarcação Tradicional “O Boa Viagem”: Memória de uma Recuperação Embarcações Tradicionais Portuguesas

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