TEST BANK Connect Core Concepts in Health, BIG, 17th Test Bank for Edition by Paul Walton Roth Connect Core Concepts in Health,Insel, BIG, 17th Edition Paul Insel, Walton and Roth andClaire Claire Insel Chapter 1-18 Answers are at the End of Each Chapter Insel Chapter 1
Student name:__________ 1) Select five of the nine dimensions of wellness discussed in the text and, for each dimension, list three behaviors or habits that you would consider engaging in to promote its development
2) Explain and give an example of the interrelationship between emotional wellness and interpersonal wellness. Clearly distinguish between the two and then demonstrate their interrelationship.
3) Discuss three ways in which a new graduate with a limited income can improve their financial wellness in the first year out of school.
4) Discuss the role that lifestyle choices play in determining quality of life. Give at least three examples of healthy lifestyle choices and explain how they promote quality of life and specifically affect the individual dimensions of wellness.
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5) Describe the four broad national goals of Healthy People 2020. Then choose one of the special population groups described in Healthy People 2020 and identify two health issues of particular importance for that group.
6)
Describe five strategies for critically evaluating health-related information.
7) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data on leading causes of death, which lifestyle factor is LEAST associated with an increased risk of death from diabetes mellitus?
A) excessive alcohol consumption B) inactive lifestyle C) smoking D) poor dietary habits
8)
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the nine dimensions of wellness?
A) dietary wellness B) emotional wellness C) environmental wellness D) cultural wellness
9)
The nine dimensions of wellness
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A) are entirely within people's control. B) may affect each other. C) ensure the separation of mind and body. D) are static and unchangeable.
10) Which contributes primarily to one's physical wellness, as opposed to one of the other dimensions?
A) taking advantage of training opportunities on the job B) avoiding unprotected sex C) avoiding debt D) establishing an intimate relationship
11) Trust, self-confidence, and the ability to understand and accept one’s feelings are components of
A) emotional wellness. B) interpersonal wellness. C) intellectual wellness. D) spiritual wellness.
12) Adam's parents are recent immigrants from China. They are not concerned about their son's ability to adapt to college because he is curious, open to new ideas, and eager to master new skills. These qualities are reflective of Adam's ________ wellness.
A) emotional B) intellectual C) interpersonal D) cultural
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13)
Spiritual wellness is enhanced by having
A) a strong support network of family and friends. B) a selfless concern for the well-being of others. C) the ability to express oneself creatively. D) an openness to new ideas.
14) Interacting well with people of a different religion, ethnicity, or sexual orientation is an aspect of
A) interpersonal wellness. B) spiritual wellness. C) intellectual wellness. D) cultural wellness.
15)
Financial wellness includes a person's ability to
A) find a job that has a retirement pension. B) balance income and expenses. C) avoid occupational hazards. D) earn enough money to leave a regular occupation.
16)
What is the significance of APR and the minimum monthly payment for credit cards?
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A) The minimum monthly payment determines the APR. B) The APR is reflected in the interest you pay on your balance with each monthly payment. C) APR and minimum monthly payment are the same thing. D) Debit cards have a higher APR than credit cards.
17)
Interpersonal wellness will be most affected by improving your
A) motivation to master new skills. B) sense of belonging to something greater than yourself. C) creativity. D) support system of friends and family.
18)
Occupational wellness can be enhanced by all of the following EXCEPT
A) contributions to a retirement fund. B) feeling valued by your employer. C) enjoying social time with coworkers on lunch breaks. D) attending on-site continuing education opportunities to learn new aspects of your job.
19) You usually walk to and from the local soup kitchen where you volunteer every Saturday. You have found a new network of friends there, and even when it’s raining or not convenient, you never miss a shift. This routine enhances both your
A) intellectual and cultural wellness. B) spiritual and physical wellness. C) occupational and interpersonal wellness. D) emotional and environmental wellness.
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20)
Differentiate between self-acceptance and self-esteem.
A) There is no difference; they are synonymous. B) Self-esteem is your personal satisfaction with yourself regardless of the views of others. C) Self-acceptance is your personal satisfaction with yourself regardless of the views of others. D) Self-acceptance is primarily related to the way you think others perceive you.
21)
What is the role of genetics in determining life span?
A) The strongest correlation between genes and mortality is susceptibility to coronary artery disease. B) Studies show that over 75% of the variability in life span can be traced to genetics. C) Mortality is entirely determined by environmental and behavioral factors. D) Mortality is unrelated to genetics.
22)
Life expectancy declined in 2017 and 2018. The suspected reason for this is related to
A) increased exposure to toxic environmental substances. B) an increase in deaths from factors related to obesity and drug use. C) the increased incidence of motor vehicle accidents due to the introduction of autonomous vehicles. D) an upsurge in deaths from heart disease and stroke.
23) Public health achievements during the 20th century are credited with changing the major causes of death from ________ to ________.
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A) infectious diseases; chronic diseases B) accidents; drug overdoses C) chronic diseases; infectious diseases D) infectious diseases; drug overdoses
24)
Evaluate the change in mortality over the course of the 20th century.
A) Life span did not change significantly. B) Life span increased at a very steady rate throughout the 100-year period. C) Life span increased dramatically in the first 50 years and then more gradually in the second 50 years. D) Life span increased gradually in the first 50 years and then very dramatically in the second 50 years.
25)
Which was the number one cause of death in 2018 in the United States?
A) accidents B) malignant neoplasms C) heart disease D) diabetes mellitus
26)
Lifestyle factors that contribute to heart disease include
A) sex. B) cigarette smoking. C) family history of heart disease. D) age.
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27)
The leading cause of death among Americans aged 15 to 24 is
A) accidents. B) infectious diseases. C) homicide. D) suicide.
28)
The dominant focus of U.S. government health policies is
A) improving diversity among healthcare providers. B) preventing unhealthy behaviors. C) improving access to healthcare through provisions of the ACA. D) preventing deaths from respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD.
29)
A primary goal of Healthy People 2020 is to
A) shift the focus to environmental factors instead of social factors in determining health. B) increase the proportion of adults who meet federal guidelines for exercise. C) increase life expectancy beyond 100 years. D) reduce the cost of health care.
30)
Which of the following statements about the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is true?
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A) Being a student disqualifies a person from being eligible for Medicaid. B) "Catastrophic" health plans are available but will have a higher premium. C) The majority of people are able to avoid a penalty if they choose not to get a health plan. D) Rehabilitative services are considered one of the ACA’s 10 essential benefits.
31) Allan was born in a rural area and has lived his whole life there. Which is most likely to be true about him when compared to someone raised in an urban area?
A) He is less likely to wear his seatbelt when driving. B) He is less likely to die of injury. C) He is more likely to be physically active. D) He is more likely to seek preventive care.
32) Income and education are correlated with health status. The relationship between the poverty rate and health status is a(n) ________ one, and the relationship between education level and health status is a(n) ________ one.
A) direct; direct B) inverse; direct C) direct; inverse D) inverse; inverse
33)
Differentiate between the terms “sex” and “gender.”
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A) Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men, women, and intersex people. B) Sex refers to the act of intercourse, and gender refers to the biological and physiological characteristics of men and women. C) Gender encompasses men and women but does not account for intersex people. D) Gender and sex are synonymous terms and refer to the same thing.
34)
What risk factor for poorer health is more prevalent in adult women than in adult men?
A) tobacco use B) alcohol use C) poverty via lower earnings D) delayed routine medical care
35)
Which statement regarding the health of diverse population groups is correct?
A) Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Blacks and Hispanics are less likely to get appropriate medication for heart conditions. B) Rates of death related to smoking and alcohol are lower among American Indians than the general population. C) Rates of diabetes and asthma are lower among Pacific Islanders than the general population. D) Latinos tend to suffer from higher rates of suicide than the general population.
36) Kent, who is African American, has decided to add exercise into his daily routine to prevent health issues. Based exclusively on his race/ethnicity, which chronic condition is the most likely health issue of particular concern that would be favorably affected by increased physical activity?
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A) prostate cancer B) diabetes C) cystic fibrosis D) Tay-Sachs disease
37)
When compared to the overall U.S. population, Asian Americans have
A) lower rates of lung cancer. B) higher rates of alcohol abuse. C) lower rates of coronary heart disease. D) shorter life expectancies.
38)
Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender teens have higher rates of
A) asthma. B) cancer. C) diabetes. D) drug use.
39)
Which of the Healthy People 2020 targets is in danger of not being reached?
A) Increase proportion of people with health insurance. B) Reduce proportion of obese adults. C) Increase proportion of adults who meet federal guidelines for exercise. D) Reduce proportion of adults who use cigarettes.
40)
Which is correct regarding health disparities between Blacks and whites?
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A) When comparing groups with similar earnings, disparities were eliminated or reduced in the areas of hypertension and diabetes. B) When comparing groups with similar earnings, disparities remained unchanged, with higher rates of hypertension and diabetes seen in Blacks. C) Rates of hypertension and diabetes are higher among whites regardless of income level. D) Rates of hypertension and diabetes are not different between Blacks and whites, regardless of income level.
41)
The health determinant that we have LEAST control over is
A) diet. B) exercise. C) heredity. D) stress.
42)
Which is NOT considered an environmental factor that affects health?
A) household cleaning products B) amount of crime in your community C) access to vaccinations and screening tests D) radiation from sun exposure
43) Differentiate between the underlying factors related to cystic fibrosis and those related to diabetes.
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A) Both conditions are primarily the result of genetic errors. B) Both conditions are due primarily to the interaction of behavior and environment. C) Diabetes is primarily related to genetic errors, whereas the interaction of behavior and environment contributes significantly to cystic fibrosis. D) Cystic fibrosis is the result of genetic errors, whereas the interaction of behavior and environment contributes significantly to diabetes.
44) Which would be considered the initial step in improving wellness through lifestyle management?
A) Select a target behavior. B) Ask your family for assistance. C) Evaluate your current habits. D) Seek guidance and assistance from local programs.
45) Which strategy is most likely to improve your success in changing an unhealthy behavior?
A) Identify as many unhealthy target behaviors as possible so you can work on them all simultaneously. B) Ask family members to track your behavioral changes. C) Reduce the number of activities you take on so that you can better focus on change. D) Place your emphasis on a single target behavior you wish to change.
46)
What is a target behavior?
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A) a habit or mannerism that is the focus of your behavior change plan B) a friend's behavior that you identified needs to be changed C) a health condition such as diabetes D) a characteristic such as obesity
47)
Which element is most likely to indicate the reliability of the information on a website?
A) the popularity of the website B) the date of the post on the topic C) the “About Us” link D) the testimonials page of the website
48)
Which strategy is LEAST helpful in promoting a behavior change for better health?
A) Target multiple behaviors simultaneously. B) Identify cues to behaviors. C) Incorporate rewards for reaching goals. D) Make slow, systematic changes in behavior.
49) to as
The belief in one's ability to be successful in the performance of a given task is referred
A) self-control. B) self-efficacy. C) self-esteem. D) self-talk.
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50) Shelia is 25 pounds overweight. All her relatives are also significantly overweight, and she sees this as the reason that she has been unable to be successful in losing weight despite having tried a variety of diets. Based on this information, you conclude that Sheila has
A) poor self-esteem. B) a lack of self-confidence. C) an external locus of control. D) an internal locus of control.
51)
Those with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on
A) fate or luck. B) heredity. C) a “higher power.” D) their input and actions.
52)
Visualizing yourself engaging in a new, healthier behavior is one of the best ways to
A) boost your self-efficacy. B) improve your physical strength. C) identify barriers to change. D) externalize your locus of control.
53) Which strategy is most likely to increase your chances of success in the pursuit of a new behavior?
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A) Select a different behavior to change if you experience a temporary failure. B) Utilize visualization techniques. C) Rationalize temporary setbacks to minimize feelings of failure. D) Stick with the program even during periods of high stress.
54)
The precontemplation stage is characterized by
A) no acknowledgement of a need to change. B) an outward modification of behavior. C) thinking about making a change. D) seeking outside support for the problem.
55) Following your annual physical, you review your lab work and find that your cholesterol is elevated. Your physician tells you that this can increase your risk of heart disease and stroke and recommends exercise. You think that when the snow melts in about 4 months you’ll take up a walking program. According to the transtheoretical model of change you are in the _________ phase.
A) denial B) precontemplation C) contemplation D) action
56) Tania has recognized that her eating behaviors are not healthy. Her response to stress previously was to severely restrict her calorie intake, often eating only one small meal per day. Her weight had dropped to unhealthy levels. In order to address her unhealthy eating patterns, she made several changes in her daily routines and has consistently been eating better for the past 4 weeks. She is feeling much better. According to the transtheoretical model, Tania is in the ________ phase of behavior change.
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A) preparation B) action C) maintenance D) termination
57) Relapses sometimes occur when trying to change a behavior. If this happens, the best strategy is to
A) choose a different behavior to change. B) acknowledge defeat and give up. C) give yourself credit for the progress you’ve made and avoid self-blame. D) set an even more challenging goal so that you’re motivated again.
58)
Which is a key to successful behavior change?
A) beginning with identifying all the behaviors to be changed B) concentrating on several interrelated behaviors C) refusing to tolerate temporary setbacks D) anticipating problems and include rewards
59)
Which is the recommended order of steps in creating a personalized plan for change?
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A) identify patterns, monitor behavior, establish action plan, set goals, make a personal contract B) establish action plan, set goals, monitor behavior, identify patterns, make a personal contract C) make a personal contract, set goals, establish action plan, monitor behavior, analyze data D) monitor behavior, identify patterns, set goals, establish action plan, make a personal contract
60) Entries made into a health journal about a behavior should note all of the following EXCEPT
A) how you felt at the time the behavior occurred. B) what you were doing when the behavior occurred. C) when and where the behavior occurred. D) your SMART goals.
61) Janae has the goal of exercising at least 30 minutes a day, five days a week, in order to lose ten pounds within two weeks. According to the "SMART" criteria, which element should she reconsider?
A) the specificity B) the target behavior C) the time frame D) the reality of committing to 5 days a week of exercising
62)
Your chances of success in changing a behavior increase if you
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A) set a very ambitious goal. B) ignore related habits. C) recruit support from friends or family. D) focus solely on short-term benefits.
63)
To help ensure success with a behavior change program, you should
A) establish a very broad goal. B) involve the people around you. C) avoid setting a firm deadline for completion. D) reward yourself only when you reach your final goal.
64)
Rewards included in health action plans should
A) be planned in advance. B) be provided only when you reach your overall goal. C) come in the form of food or alcohol. D) be given only when someone notices your success.
65)
Which item is NOT generally included in a personal contract for behavior change?
A) setting a date to begin B) stating your goal C) identifying how you will measure progress D) establishing consequences for failure to reach the goal
66)
Which is a recommended strategy for maintaining behavior change?
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A) Assess stress levels. B) Rationalize failures. C) Avoid social influences. D) Resist the urge to change techniques.
67) Marta has a very general desire to be healthier. Which is the best first step for her to take in moving toward that goal?
A) Start journaling about things that make her unhappy. B) Identify community resources for help. C) Choose two unhealthy behaviors and make goals for change. D) Perform a self-assessment and consider discussing the results with a close friend or family member.
68) Carla has become very busy since she came to college. She is a full-time student and is very active in campus clubs and organizations. Her classes and campus activities leave her little time to socialize with her friends. She is beginning to feel that she has let her friends down because she has had to miss several activities they had planned, but she also feels guilty if she isn't able to meet her other obligations. Carla has always thought that she was in control of her life and has managed well up until now. She is frustrated that she cannot spend more time with her friends without giving up her other activities.
68.1) Carla's frustration surrounding limitations to her time with her friends is affecting her ________ wellness.
A) spiritual B) interpersonal C) cultural D) intellectual
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68.2) If Carla succeeds in improving her time management so she can spend more time with her friends, she will most likely see a corresponding improvement in her ________ wellness.
A) financial B) physical C) emotional D) occupational
68.3) Carla wants to make a plan to spend more time with her friends. Which strategy is most likely to enhance the success of her plan?
A) closely monitoring and evaluating her schedule B) focusing on what motivated her to change her behavior C) establishing a reward she can give herself once she has succeeded D) developing an external locus of control
68.4) Which of Carla's characteristics would most help her succeed in balancing her time so that she can study, be active on campus, and have fun with her friends?
A) her belief that she is in control of her own life B) her ability to resist rewards C) her ability to persuade friends to do as she asks D) her rigid application of a plan without allowing for alterations
69)
The key element of wellness is the absence of disease. ⊚ ⊚
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70)
Self-confidence affects self-esteem. ⊚ ⊚
71)
Strong friendships are a key component of your environmental wellness. ⊚ ⊚
72)
true false
Interpersonal wellness includes the ability to detect problems. ⊚ ⊚
75)
true false
It is not possible to have health in the absence of wellness. ⊚ ⊚
74)
true false
Religion is a requirement for good spiritual health. ⊚ ⊚
73)
true false
true false
Prior to the 20th century, infectious diseases were a primary cause of mortality. ⊚ ⊚
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76)
Poor lifestyle choices are a primary factor in American mortality in the 21st century. ⊚ ⊚
77)
true false
Morbidity and mortality are synonymous. ⊚ ⊚
true false
78) One goal being developed for Healthy People 2030 is to eliminate health disparities among Americans. ⊚ ⊚
true false
79) Gender differences in rates of chronic diseases are reflected in the fact that men have higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease and women are at a greater risk of depression. ⊚ ⊚
true false
80) According to the National College Health Assessment II, obesity is a health factor that is reported to affect over 30% of students and ranks in the top three health issues affecting academic performance. ⊚ ⊚
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81) According to the National Center for Health Statistics, significant progress on racial and ethnic health disparities has been made over the previous 15 years. There is no longer a gap in life expectancy between whites and Blacks. ⊚ ⊚
true false
82) Factors such as education and economic status are not considered significant health determinants within Healthy People 2020. ⊚ ⊚
true false
83) Attainment of a 4-year college degree is associated with an additional decade of life expectancy. ⊚ ⊚
true false
84) Deeply rooted behaviors like addiction can never be changed through independent selfmanagement techniques alone. ⊚ ⊚
85)
true false
Access to adequate health care is needed to facilitate a behavior change. ⊚ ⊚
true false
86) Motivation and commitment to change behavior increase with an external locus of control. Version 1
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⊚ ⊚
87)
Motivation for behavior change is unaffected by social support. ⊚ ⊚
88)
true false
The role of visualization in behavior change is to increase your external locus of control. ⊚ ⊚
89)
true false
true false
Lapses into previous unhealthy behaviors should be considered failures. ⊚ ⊚
true false
90) A health journal should address only the specific target behavior rather than the circumstances around that behavior. ⊚ ⊚
true false
91) Most people are more likely to be motivated toward behavior change by long-term goals such as the avoidance of disease in the future. ⊚ ⊚
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92) Taking incremental steps toward a long-term goal by making small changes indicates you are now in the contemplation stage. ⊚ ⊚
true false
93) Making adjustments to your original plan of action is a common part of the termination phase of behavior change. ⊚ ⊚
true false
94) Effective rewards and support for behavior change are a key element of SMART goal setting. ⊚ ⊚
true false
95) You have just moved to a new town, have started a new job, are settling in to a new apartment, and your beloved grandmother just passed away. This seems like the perfect time to institute a behavior change program. ⊚ ⊚
true false
96) Making a successful change in a physical health behavior has the additional benefit of improved self-efficacy. ⊚ ⊚
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97) Behavior choices and actions have no impact beyond the health and wellness of the individual making the change. ⊚ ⊚
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Answer Key Test name: chapter 1 7) A 8) A 9) B 10) B 11) A 12) B 13) B 14) D 15) B 16) B 17) D 18) A 19) B 20) C 21) A 22) B 23) A 24) C 25) C 26) B 27) A 28) B 29) B 30) D 31) A 32) B Version 1
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33) A 34) C 35) A 36) B 37) C 38) D 39) B 40) A 41) C 42) C 43) D 44) C 45) D 46) A 47) C 48) A 49) B 50) C 51) D 52) A 53) B 54) A 55) C 56) B 57) C 58) D 59) D 60) D 61) C 62) C Version 1
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63) B 64) A 65) D 66) A 67) D 68) Section Break 68.1) B 68.2) C 68.3) A 68.4) A 69) FALSE 70) TRUE 71) FALSE 72) FALSE 73) FALSE 74) FALSE 75) TRUE 76) TRUE 77) FALSE 78) TRUE 79) FALSE 80) FALSE 81) FALSE 82) FALSE 83) FALSE 84) FALSE 85) FALSE 86) FALSE 87) FALSE 88) FALSE Version 1
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89) FALSE 90) FALSE 91) FALSE 92) FALSE 93) FALSE 94) FALSE 95) FALSE 96) TRUE 97) FALSE
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Student name:__________ 1) Describe five physical reactions to the release of cortisol and epinephrine in response to a stressor, and specify why each reaction would be beneficial in the case of an acute danger.
2) Describe and compare the characteristics of stressed power motivation and unstressed affiliation motivation.
3) Describe the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome, and discuss the longterm consequences of an extended period in this stage.
4) Describe how diversity plays into the issue of stress and stress responses among a group of college students who recently emigrated from the Middle East. Describe potential unique stressors that may be distinct from the experience of those students who were born in the United States.
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5) Explain how overcommitment and procrastination interact and negatively impact time management. Identify and explain four strategies for improving time management.
6) Describe the pathway that connects chronic stress to the immune system, and give three examples of stress-related health problems that could result from changes in immune system functioning.
7) Shemar constantly worries about events that have not happened yet. He has trouble sleeping and experiences frequent headaches. Describe two mindfulness or body awareness techniques that he could use to help him cope with the stressors. Discuss the benefits of each technique, and explain why you have chosen each one.
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8)
The term stressor refers to
A) a response to normal activities of daily life. B) a physical or psychological event. C) a physical reaction to fright. D) a return to homeostasis.
9)
Which one is a stressor?
A) a final exam B) sweaty palms C) elevated heart rate D) high fever
10)
Which item best represents the term stress?
A) public speaking B) a startle response C) anxiety about a test D) taking a test
11)
Which of these is/are LEAST likely to be considered a stressor?
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A) memories of the death of a loved one B) sweaty palms C) getting married D) air pollution
12)
Which of the following initiate(s) the body's physical response to stressors?
A) cardiorespiratory system B) endocrinesystem C) digestive and lymphaticsystems D) musculoskeletalsystem
13) Which neurotransmitter is activated when you are faced with the threat of a physical attack?
A) acetylcholine B) serotonin C) parasympathetic D) norepinephrine
14)
The autonomic nervous system directly controls all the following EXCEPT
A) digestion. B) heart rate. C) voluntary muscle contraction. D) blood pressure.
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15)
Which is correct regarding the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?
A) It is responsible for mobilizing energy sources for use in a crisis. B) It activates the endocrine system. C) It is activated when one is frightened or angry. D) It aids in digestion and promoting growth.
16) Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is activated when a person is agitated by a stressor?
A) central B) somatic C) parasympathetic D) sympathetic
17)
Which system helps control body functions by releasing hormones?
A) central nervous system B) endocrine system C) endorphin system D) integumentary system
18) Which change does NOT occur as a result of cortisol and epinephrine being released in response to stress?
A) Hearing and vision become more acute. B) The pancreas increases secretion of insulin. C) The liver releases sugar into the blood. D) Perspiration increases.
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19)
Which process is most likely to be controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system?
A) lifting an apple to your mouth B) release of digestive enzymes C) increased rate of breathing as you trot across a street D) release of endorphins
20)
Which response would be expected from stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?
A) activation of the adrenal glands B) increased storage of sugar in the liver C) constriction of pores and reduced sweat rate D) return of heart rate and respiration to resting levels
21)
In which situation would you anticipate endorphins to be released?
A) drifting off to sleep B) eating a meal C) waking up in the morning D) vigorous exercise
22)
Which body reaction is characteristic of the stress response?
A) pupils constricting B) respiratory mucous membranes shrinking C) body temperature dropping D) skin's blood vessels dilating
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23)
Which is FALSE regarding the fight, flight, or freeze reaction?
A) It is particularly useful in coping with modern life. B) It enables us to quickly escape from possible injury. C) It prepares our bodies for action by boosting energy. D) It enables our bodies to perceive danger more quickly.
24) Which branch of the autonomic nervous system returns the body to homeostasis following exposure to a stressor?
A) central B) somatic C) parasympathetic D) sympathetic
25)
What is homeostasis?
A) It is the response of the body to unmanaged stress. B) It is the body's condition during the fight-or-flight reaction. C) It is the body’s process of maintaining a stable internal environment. D) It is the response of the body to prolonged exposure to stressors.
26)
The sum of one's cognitive, behavioral, and emotional tendencies defines
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A) personality. B) temperament. C) happiness. D) intelligence.
27)
Which statement about people with hardy personalities is FALSE?
A) They view stressors as growth opportunities. B) They tend to perceive fewer situations as stressful. C) They tend to have an external locus of control. D) They have a commitment to their activities.
28)
Which is a good example of a resilient personality?
A) a single mother of two who works a part-time job and is completing coursework for a college degree B) an athlete who is focused on training for an upcoming event C) an intelligent person failing an exam D) a person with an undiagnosed disability
29) Brigid Schulte, author of the book Overwhelmed,describes a continuing unequal gendered division of labor: Families work more hours than they used to, but American women
A) dominate social media's visual platforms, such as Instagram and Snapchat. B) spend more time with their children than they did in the 1960s. C) accept that it's crucial to be pretty, sexy, kind, and liked by everyone in the real and virtual worlds. D) are more and more career-oriented rather than family-oriented.
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30)
What is a significant difference between eustress and distress?
A) Eustress is only triggered by something pleasant but challenging. B) Eustress is only triggered by something considered to be a hindrance. C) Eustress does not trigger the stress response. D) Eustress is triggered only when there is an absence of stimulation.
31) Sam is very anxious about the organic chemistry class he’s signed up for. He dreads taking tests. Which of these things is likely to improve his cognitive response to this situation?
A) knowing in advance when the tests are scheduled B) acknowledging that he has no control C) reminding himself that if it gets too hard he can always walk out D) seeking to follow a stressed power motivation coping format
32) Which individual would be most likely to demonstrate the psychological characteristic of unstressed affiliation motivation?
A) Mohammed, who is a member of several fraternities and always takes charge at the weekly meetings B) Shania, who always joins you at lunch and often reaches out to meet new friends on campus C) Cindy, who is president of the debate club and was previously president of the Student Union D) Saul, a freshman who rarely speaks in class and does not belong to any campus clubs
33) George just received an F on his term paper. Which type of stress is he likely to experience?
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A) eustress B) allostatic stress C) distress D) chronic stress
34) According to the general adaptation syndrome model, during which phase would the fight-or-flight reaction occur?
A) alarm B) resistance C) exhaustion D) recovery
35) According to the general adaptation syndrome theory of stress, at which point would you be expected to have the greatest resistance to injury?
A) during your first week at a new school B) after being at your new school for a few weeks C) during final exam week at school D) during periods when you have several stressors simultaneously
36) Taman is very anxious about an upcoming exam and has no appetite, is easily distracted, and is having difficulty sleeping. According to the general adaptation syndrome theory, which stage of stress response is Taman most likely experiencing?
A) alarm B) allostatic C) resistance D) exhaustion
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37) According to the general adaptation syndrome theory, what is the body’s typical response during the resistance stage?
A) It is in a relaxed state. B) There is heightened activation of the sympathetic nervous system. C) A new level of homeostasis is established. D) It can no longer react effectively to normal life situations.
38) According to the general adaptation syndrome theory, the exhaustion phase may occur when
A) the fight-or-flight reaction is resolved. B) stress-related hormones are secreted. C) allostatic load is alleviated. D) multiple stressors occur in succession.
39)
Which is NOT typical of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
A) a new level of homeostasis B) chronic illness C) physiological depletion D) depression
40)
The physiological consequence of exposure to repeated or chronic stress is referred to as
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A) eustress. B) distress. C) homeostasis. D) allostatic load.
41) Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the study of interactions among all the following systems EXCEPT the
A) nervous system. B) endocrine system. C) immune system. D) integumentary system.
42)
Which is the correct interpretation of psychoneuroimmunology?
A) It is the study of how hormone-like substances translate stressful emotions into biochemical events that affect the immune system. B) It is the study of how immune system components like lymphocytes can affect personality traits. C) It is the study of how personality traits can affect the nervous system. D) It implies that interactions between the immune system and the nervous system can lead to personality traits like hardiness.
43)
Which relationship has been shown through the study of psychoneuroimmunology?
A) Increased levels of cortisol are linked to a decreased number of lymphocytes. B) Increased levels of cortisol are linked to an increased number of lymphocytes. C) Decreased levels of cortisol are linked to a decreased number of lymphocytes. D) There appears to be no relationship between cortisol and lymphocytes.
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44)
What is the role of chronic stress in diseases such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes?
A) acceleration of inflammation B) reduction in blood pressure C) reduced heart rate D) increased blood flow
45) Which character trait is most closely associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease?
A) hostility B) excitability C) lack of purpose D) resilience
46)
Stress has been found to contribute to which of the following conditions?
A) depression B) schizophrenia C) autism D) osteoporosis
47)
Which condition has been linked to excessive stress?
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A) constipation B) myopia C) impacted teeth D) glaucoma
48)
Which statement is FALSE regarding stress?
A) The sequence of physiological responses to eustress and distress are different. B) The college years are often very stressful. C) Positive changes in one's life can be significant stressors. D) Stress responses can vary depending genetic factors.
49)
Which are the most common form of headache?
A) tension headaches B) migraines C) cluster headaches D) sinus headaches
50)
Which group is disproportionately affected by cluster headaches?
A) men B) women C) teenagers D) elderly
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51) According to the Stress in America survey, which statement is consistent with the top stressor reported for Americans in 2019?
A) I am worried about work and money. B) I am worried about my social life and connectedness in the community. C) I am worried about freedoms. D) I am lonely or in a relationship that is unsafe.
52) Chandra survived a school shooting last year, but she frequently has flashbacks of the event. She’s anxious about being in crowded public spaces, and she hasn’t slept soundly in months. Which statement is correct?
A) Her symptoms are consistent with PTSD. B) She should honor her fears and avoid social contacts. C) This is likely a temporary challenge that she can overcome with positive thinking. D) She should review the media coverage of the event.
53)
Which circumstances are most likely to reduce job stresses?
A) employee participation in committees that determine job responsibilities B) having a desk job C) having a job that requires physical activity D) a high level of motivation combined with a very tight schedule
54)
Despair and hostility are types of ________ stressors.
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A) interpersonal B) internal C) environmental D) social
55)
Which of the following would be the LEAST effective strategy for coping with stress?
A) ignoring it B) exercising regularly C) improving time-management skills D) maintaining a social support system
56) If you are still emotionally distressed weeks after a tragic event, the most helpful strategy would be to
A) review the archived media coverage of the event. B) avoid sharing your feelings with others. C) seek professional help. D) take a long walk to reduce your anxiety.
57)
Which statement regarding exercise and stress is FALSE?
A) Exercise stimulates birth of new brain cells. B) Fewer than 20% of Americans take part in exercise to cope with stress. C) Exercise results in reduced stress responses. D) Exercise expends built-up nervous energy.
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58)
Which statement regarding exercise and stress is true?
A) Taking a long walk can help increase blood pressure. B) In order to be beneficial for stress management, the exercise must occur within 15 minutes of the stressor. C) Three 45-minute walks per week can increase your sense of wellness. D) People who exercise regularly have stronger physical responses to stress.
59)
Which is the most effective way to overcome procrastination?
A) Avoid thinking about tasks that have been put off. B) Do favorite tasks first, to build up momentum. C) Consolidate short-term goals into long-term goals. D) Consolidate tasks when possible.
60) Which statement is the most helpful recommendation regarding the prioritization of tasks?
A) Prioritize according to how long a task has gone unfinished. B) Divide tasks into three groups and ignore the least important group. C) Do the simple tasks first because they only take a few minutes. D) Prioritize based on how enjoyable the task is.
61) Which technique is NOT considered helpful for improving efficiency at completing tasks?
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A) Use the “SMART” goal-setting technique. B) Write down the goals. C) Only start toward a goal when you have enough time to reach it. D) Allow extra time to achieve goals.
62)
Which is NOT a recommended time-management strategy?
A) Prioritize tasks. B) Consolidate tasks. C) Avoid unstructured time. D) Keep track of tasks you put off.
63)
Which is NOT helpful for improving time management?
A) Emphasize only long-term goals. B) Visualize achievement of your goals. C) Delegate responsibility. D) Say "no" when necessary.
64) Julio likes to watch television to relax, but he often spends more time doing so than he intends. Now he has a big paper to write that is due tomorrow. Which would be the most productive when he feels he needs a break?
A) Limit his television break to 5–10 minutes. B) Take a 5-minute walk. C) Watch just a few shows when he needs a break. D) Surf online for a few minutes.
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65)
Which is a cognitive technique for stress management?
A) progressive relaxation B) deep breathing C) cultivating higher expectations D) positive self-talk
66)
Which is NOT a cognitive technique for stress management?
A) solving problems B) modifying expectations C) maintaining positivity D) delegation
67)
What is the physiological response several minutes after a good laugh?
A) increased heart rate B) relaxed muscles C) increased blood pressure D) endorphins suppressed by the brain
68)
Simon goes to a comedy club once a week. What is a physiological effect of his laughter?
A) increased release of cortisol B) reduced endorphin concentration C) reduced antibody concentration D) increased blood flow
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69) Philip is attempting to use mindfulness-based stress reduction to help him deal with his stress. Which of the following would NOT be helpful?
A) Quietly focus on breathing for 5–15 minutes. B) Focus on sensory input. C) Organize and prioritize goals. D) Be present in each moment, even if it is uncomfortable.
70)
Which is correct regarding the practice of mindfulness-based stress reduction?
A) It was first described in the early 13th century and is focused around the practice of yoga. B) A core philosophy is that “there is more right with you than there is wrong with you.” C) In order to achieve benefits, one must undergo training by a professional. D) Exercise is a fundamental requirement to achieve full mindfulness.
71) A person who regularly practices mindfulness meditation could anticipate which physiological effects in the brain?
A) improved connections between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex B) improved endorphin re-uptake C) heightened activity within the cerebellum D) No effects have been documented to date.
72)
Which stress management technique emphasizes the use of breath, control, and balance?
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A) meditation B) hatha yoga C) qigong D) tai chi
73)
What is the primary benefit of tai chi?
A) It teaches students to remain calm and centered. B) It is an excellent cardiovascular workout. C) It helps the student become aware of stress through awareness of heart rate, skin temperature, or sweating. D) It is easily self-taught.
74)
How does biofeedback help people reduce stress?
A) The electrical stimulation can help remove the internal stressors in their lives. B) It cleanses the body of toxins. C) Electrical stimulation increases muscle strength and flexibility. D) It heightens awareness of physiological functions.
75)
Which strategy is NOT considered counterproductive in managing stress?
A) tobacco use B) avoidance of all challenging situations C) increasing intake of fruits and vegetables D) alcohol
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76)
Which is the first step in creating a personal plan for managing stress?
A) Design your plan. B) Learn to listen to your body. C) Seek professional help. D) Investigate support groups.
77)
What is the primary value of a support group?
A) shared experiences B) inexpensive psychotherapy sessions C) relaxation techniques D) pastoral counseling
78)
Which is correct regarding the role of caffeine in stress management?
A) Even a single cup of coffee daily is problematic. B) Caffeine can reduce irritability. C) High doses of caffeine can enhance feelings of self-control. D) Caffeine can increase levels of cortisol.
79) Sue has been attending college for about a month. During the past week, with two exams coming up, she had trouble sleeping, experienced headaches, and had difficulty concentrating.
79.1)
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A) worry about her post-college career. B) academic stress. C) interpersonal stress. D) financial concerns.
79.2)
Which strategy would be LEAST helpful in alleviating Sue's symptoms?
A) concentrating on obstacles B) practicing affirmation C) joining a social group D) adopting a yoga practice
80)
A physical or psychological event called a stressor triggers the stress response. ⊚ ⊚
true false
81) A high score on a perceived stress scale generally means you are coping well with stressors in your life. ⊚ ⊚
82)
true false
Emotional reactions are the sole form of stress response. ⊚ ⊚
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83)
Endorphins are brain secretions that inhibit pain. ⊚ ⊚
84)
The physical responses to a given stressor are always consistent from person to person. ⊚ ⊚
85)
true false
true false
Individual perceptions affect stress responses. ⊚ ⊚
true false
86) Beth has enrolled in the most difficult course of her college career and views it as an opportunity for growth. Beth has the psychological characteristic of power motivation. ⊚ ⊚
87)
true false
There are no gender differences in the experience of stress. ⊚ ⊚
true false
88) The intensity of an emotional response to a stressor has little to no impact on the intensity of the physical response. ⊚ ⊚
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89) Being promoted to a longed-for but challenging job is more likely to be associated with distress than eustress. ⊚ ⊚
true false
90) When you are in the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome, you are likely to have distorted perceptions and disorganized thinking. ⊚ ⊚
true false
91) The general adaptation syndrome is a theory that describes a universal and predictable response pattern to all stressors. ⊚ ⊚
92)
true false
Allostatic load depends solely on the amount of exposure to stress. ⊚ ⊚
true false
93) During periods of stress, the cardiovascular system becomes more resistant to inflammation and heart attacks. ⊚ ⊚
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94) Increased levels of cortisol are associated with increased functioning of the immune system. ⊚ ⊚
95)
Stress affects cardiovascular disease. ⊚ ⊚
96)
true false
true false
Those with high stress levels are more resistant to asthma and allergy attacks. ⊚ ⊚
true false
97) Daily hassles such as misplacing your car keys can be a greater source of stress than major life changes such as moving. ⊚ ⊚
true false
98) Marriage is associated with an increase in life expectancy, but the benefit appears to be greater in women than in men. ⊚ ⊚
true false
99) Regular physical activity impedes the ability to return to homeostasis after a stressful situation.
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⊚ ⊚
100)
true false
Social isolation can produce changes in the autonomic nervous system. ⊚ ⊚
true false
101) A key element of mindfulness-based stress reduction is to focus thoughts on more conceptual and discursive activities. ⊚ ⊚
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Answer Key Test name: chapter 2 8) B 9) A 10) C 11) B 12) B 13) D 14) C 15) D 16) D 17) B 18) B 19) B 20) A 21) D 22) B 23) A 24) C 25) C 26) A 27) C 28) A 29) B 30) A 31) A 32) B 33) C Version 1
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34) A 35) B 36) A 37) C 38) D 39) A 40) D 41) D 42) A 43) A 44) A 45) A 46) A 47) A 48) A 49) A 50) A 51) A 52) A 53) A 54) B 55) A 56) C 57) B 58) C 59) D 60) B 61) C 62) C 63) A Version 1
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64) B 65) D 66) D 67) B 68) D 69) C 70) B 71) A 72) B 73) A 74) D 75) C 76) B 77) A 78) D 79) Section Break 79.1) B 79.2) A 80) TRUE 81) FALSE 82) FALSE 83) TRUE 84) FALSE 85) TRUE 86) FALSE 87) FALSE 88) FALSE 89) FALSE 90) FALSE 91) TRUE Version 1
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92) FALSE 93) FALSE 94) FALSE 95) TRUE 96) FALSE 97) TRUE 98) FALSE 99) FALSE 100) TRUE 101) FALSE Student name:__________ 1) List and describe three of Maslow’s categories of needs and then give an example of each.
2) For each of the following situations, give(1) an example of negative self-talk based on a cognitive distortion, and (2) an example of realistic self-talk: ● Getting dumped by your significant other ● Not having a date to a formal dance ● Getting a parking ticket ● Remembering an argument with your parents ● Trying an illegal drug
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3) Tomi, a recent law school graduate, just got hired as a new associate at a prestigious law firm and wants to do well. Her husband Bashar has been talking about starting a family, and her sister was just diagnosed with breast cancer. Anxiety disorders have been diagnosed on both sides of her family. Identify and define an anxiety disorder that Tomi may be at risk for, and explain why you chose this disorder. What are the symptoms of the disorder, and how might it be treated?
4) List at least five warning signs of or risk factors for suicide and describe what actions you could take if you begin to recognize those risk factors in your own life.
5) Vincenzo had a difficult time concentrating last year in first grade. His parents thought that he needed a physical outlet, so they signed him up for soccer this year. Unfortunately, Vinny had trouble focusing during practice as well. What disorder is Vinny likely suffering from? What methods of treatment are frequently recommended for the disorder? And how likely is it that Vinny will be able to lead anything resembling a normal life as he gets older?
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6) Raine has a fear of driving that has become so severe in recent months that he has to rely on others exclusively if he wants to leave his house. Describe how three different therapists, each using a different model—behavioral, cognitive, and psychodynamic—might seek to help Raine improve his situation. Where is there overlap between the cognitive and psychodynamic approaches?
7)
Which of the following statements regarding psychological health is true?
A) Psychological health is independent of physical health. B) A person is considered psychologically healthy only if he or she has a mental illness. C) Most people are psychologically healthy but still suffer from some form of mental illness. D) Psychological health can be defined as either the absence of sickness or the presence of wellness.
8) According to Maslow, basic human needs are ranked in the following order from most urgent to least urgent:
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