Radiologic Science for Technologists 10th Edition Bushong Test Bank Chapter 1: Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Matter is measured in a. kilograms b. joules c. electron volts d. rems
.
ANS: A
Matter is measured in kilograms DIF: Easy
REF: page 3
2. Energy is measured in a. kilograms b. joules c. electron volts d. B or C
OBJ: Recognize the unit of measurement for matter.
.
ANS: D
Energy is measured in joules or electron volts DIF: Moderate
REF: page 4
OBJ: Recognize the unit of measurement for energy.
3. Atoms and molecules are the fundamental building blocks of a. energy b. radiation c. matter d. gravity
.
ANS: C
Atoms and molecules are the fundamental building blocks of matter. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 3
OBJ: List the fundamental building blocks of matter.
4. Ice and steam are examples of two forms of a. matter b. radiation c. energy d. work
.
ANS: A
Ice and steam are examples of two forms of matter. DIF: Difficult
REF: page 4
OBJ: Describe states of matter.
5. The formula E=mc2 is the basis for the theory that led to the development of a. x-rays
.
b. electromagnetic radiation c. nuclear power d. cathode ray tubes ANS: C
The formula E=mc2 is the basis for the theory that led to the development of nuclear power. DIF: Difficult
REF: page 5
OBJ: Understand the theory of energy-mass equivalence.
6. Radio waves, light, and x-rays are all examples of a. nuclear b. thermal c. electrical d. electromagnetic
energy.
ANS: D
Electromagnetic energy includes radio waves, light, and x-rays as well as other parts of the spectrum. DIF: Difficult
REF: page 4
7. A moving object has a. potential b. kinetic c. nuclear d. electromagnetic
OBJ: List types of electromagnetic energy.
energy.
ANS: B
A moving object has kinetic energy. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 4
OBJ: Identify various forms of energy.
8. What is the removal of an electron from an atom called? a. ionization b. pair production c. irradiation d. electricity ANS: A
The removal of an electron from an atom is called ionization. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 5
OBJ: Understand ionization of matter.
9. Ionizing radiation is capable of removing a. neutrons b. protons c. electrons d. ions
from atoms as it passes through the matter.
ANS: C
Ionizing radiation is capable of removing electrons from atoms as it passes through the matter. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 5
OBJ: Describe the process of ionization by ionizing radiation. 10. The energy of x-rays is _ a. thermal b. potential c. kinetic d. electromagnetic
.
ANS: D
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic energy. DIF: Difficult
REF: page 5
OBJ: List the category of energy of x-rays.
11. The biggest source of man-made ionizing radiation exposure to the public is a. atomic fallout b. diagnostic x-rays c. smoke detectors d. nuclear power plants
.
ANS: B
Medical x-ray exposure is the biggest source of man-made radiation. DIF: Difficult REF: page 6 OBJ: Understand the relative intensity of ionizing radiation from various sources. 12. In the United States, we are exposed to
mR/year of ionizing radiation from the natural
environment. a. 0-5 b. 5-20 c. 20-90 d. 100-300 ANS: C
We are exposed to 20-90 mR/yr of ionizing radiation from natural environmental sources in the United States. DIF: Difficult REF: page 6 OBJ: Understand the amount of natural environmental ionizing radiation to which the public is exposed in the United States. 13. The basic quantities measured in mechanics are _ a. volume, length, meters b. mass, length, time c. radioactivity, dose, exposure d. meters, kilos, seconds
,
, and
.
ANS: B
The basic quantities measured in mechanics are mass, length, and time. DIF: Easy
REF: page 12
OBJ: List the basic quantities measured in mechanics.
14. An example of a derived quantity in mechanical physics is a
.
a. b. c. d.
meter second dose volume
ANS: D
Volume is a derived unit. DIF: Moderate 15. a. b. c. d.
REF: page 12
OBJ: Recognize an example of a derived quantity.
is a special quantity of radiologic science. Mass Velocity Radioactivity Momentum
ANS: C
Radioactivity is a special quantity of radiologic science. DIF: Easy REF: page 12 OBJ: Recognize radioactivity as a special quantity of radiologic science. 16. Exposure is measured in units of a. becquerel b. sieverts c. meters d. grays
.
ANS: D
Exposure is measured in units of grays. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 14
OBJ: Understand units of radiation measurement.
17. Today, radiology is considered to be a(n) a. safe b. unsafe c. dangerous d. high-risk
occupation.
ANS: A
Today, radiology is considered to be a safe occupation because of effective radiation protection practices. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 10
OBJ: Understand the risk of an occupation in radiology.
18. What does ALARA mean? a. All Level Alert Radiation Accident b. As Low As Reasonably Achievable c. Always Leave A Restricted Area d. As Low As Regulations Allow ANS: B
ALARA means As Low As Reasonably Achievable.
DIF: Moderate
REF: page 10
OBJ: Understand the meaning of ALARA.
19. Computed tomography was developed in the a. 1890s b. 1920s c. 1970s d. 1990s
.
ANS: C
Computed tomography was developed in the 1970s. DIF: Moderate REF: page 10 OBJ: Relate history of the development of computed tomography. 20. Filtration is used to . a. absorb low-energy x-rays b. remove high-energy x-rays c. restrict the useful beam to the body part imaged d. fabricate gonadal shields ANS: A
Filtration is used to absorb low-energy x-rays. DIF: Moderate REF: page 10 OBJ: Relate history of the development of computed tomography.
Chapter 2: The Structure of Matter Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The term “atom” was first used by the a. Ethiopians b. British c. Greeks d. Romans
.
ANS: C
The term “atom” was first used by the Greeks DIF: Moderate
REF: page 27
OBJ: Relate the history of the term “atom.”
2. The first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms was a. J. J. Thomson b. John Dalton c. Dmitri Mendeleev d. Niels Bohr ANS: B
The first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms was John Dalton. DIF: Moderate REF: pageN2U7 OBJ: Name the first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms. 3. The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is a(n) a. neutron b. proton c. electron d. atom
.
ANS: D
The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is an atom. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 28
OBJ: Define the atom.
4. The periodic table of the elements was developed by a. Bohr b. Rutherford c. Mendeleev d. Roentgen
in the late 19th century.
ANS: C
The Periodic Table was developed by Mendeleev. DIF: Moderate REF: page 28 OBJ: Name the person who developed the periodic table of the elements.
.
5. Rutherford’s experiments in 1911 showed that the atom was composed of a. electrons with well-defined orbits b. a nucleus with an electron cloud c. electrified plum pudding d. a ball of hooks and eyes
.
ANS: C
Rutherford’s experiments in 1911 showed that the atom was composed of a nucleus with an electron cloud. DIF: Moderate REF: page 29 OBJ: Relate the history of the Rutherford model of the atom. 6. A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons in well-defined
orbits is the a. Bohr b. Thomson c. Rutherford d. Dalton
model of the atom.
ANS: A
A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons in well-defined orbits is the Bohr model of the atom. DIF: Moderate REF: page 29 OBJ: Identify the structure of the Bohr model of the atom. 7. What are the fundamental particles of an atom? a. quark, positron, negatron b. nucleon, electron, proton c. proton, neutron, quark d. proton, electron, neutron ANS: D
The fundamental particles of an atom are the proton, electron, and neutron. DIF: Easy
REF: page 29
OBJ: Identify the fundamental particles of an atom.
8. The chemical element is determined by the number of a. protons b. electrons c. neutrons d. nucleons
in the atom.
ANS: A
The chemical element is determined by the number of protons in the atom. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 30
OBJ: Describe how a chemical element is determined.
9. An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of a. one
.
b. zero c. positive d. negative ANS: B
An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of zero. DIF: Moderate REF: page 31 OBJ: Describe the electrical charge of an atom in a normal state. 10. The binding energies, or energy levels, of electrons are represented by their a. atomic numbers b. atomic mass units c. shells d. isotopes
.
ANS: C
The binding energies, or energy levels, of electrons are represented by their shells. DIF: Moderate REF: page 33 OBJ: Describe binding energies or energy levels of electrons. 11. When an atom has the same number of protons as another, but a different number of neutrons,
it is called an a. isomer b. isobar c. isotone d. isotope
.
ANS: D
When an atom has the same number of protons as another, but a different number of neutrons, it is called an isotope. DIF: Difficult
REF: page 34
OBJ: Describe an isotope.
12. When atoms of various elements combine, they form a. isotopes b. compounds c. molecules d. ions
.
ANS: C
When atoms of various elements combine, they form molecules. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 36
OBJ: Describe a molecule.
13. An atom that loses or gains one or more electrons is a(n) a. ion b. molecule c. isotope d. isomer ANS: A
.
An atom that loses or gains one or more electrons is an ion. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 31
OBJ: Define an ion.
14. The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell is calculated with the
formula a. 2n b. 2n2 c. 2/n d. 2/n2
.
ANS: B
The number of electrons in an electron shell is calculated with the formula 2n2. DIF: Difficult REF: page 32 OBJ: Identify the formula for the maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell. 15. A neutral atom has the same number of a. quarks b. neutrinos c. neutrons d. protons
and electrons.
ANS: D
A neutral atom has the same number of protons and electrons. DIF: Easy REF: page 31 OBJ: Identify the formula for theNm imIuN mGnT um r oOf M electrons that can exist in an electron shell. UaRxS Bb.eC 16. The innermost electron shell is symbolized by the letter a. J b. K c. L d. M
.
ANS: B
The innermost electron shell is symbolized by the letter K. DIF: Moderate REF: page 31 OBJ: Recognize the symbol for the innermost electron shell. 17. The shell number of an atom is called the a. alpha particle b. chemical element c. principal quantum number d. half-life number
.
ANS: C
The shell number of an atom is called the principal quantum number. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 32
OBJ: Define the shell number of an atom.
18. The atomic number of an element is symbolized by the letter
.
a. b. c. d.
A X Z n
ANS: C
The atomic number of an element is symbolized by the letter Z. DIF: Moderate REF: page 34 OBJ: Identify symbol for the atomic number of an element. 19. Aluminum has an atomic number of 13. How many protons does it have? a. 13 b. 26 c. 27 d. none of the above ANS: A
The atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom. DIF: Moderate REF: page 34 OBJ: Identify the number of protons on an atom based on its atomic number. 20. Two identical atoms which exist at different energy states are called a. isotopes b. isomers c. isotones d. isobars
.
ANS: B
Two identical atoms which exist at different energy states are called isomers. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 36
OBJ: Define an isomer.
21. The atomic number of molybdenum is 42 and the atomic mass number is 98. How many
neutrons does it have? a. 42 b. 98 c. 21 d. 56 ANS: D
The number of neutrons is equal to A–Z. DIF: Difficult REF: page 36 OBJ: Identify the number of neutrons in an atom based on its atomic number and atomic mass number. 22. A chemical compound is any quantity of a. one type of atom b. one type of molecule c. two types of molecules
.
d. two or more types of atoms ANS: B
A chemical compound is any quantity of one type of molecule. DIF: Difficult
REF: page 36
23. During beta emission, an atom releases a. electrons b. positrons c. protons d. neutrons
OBJ: Describe a compound.
.
ANS: A
During beta emission, an atom releases electrons. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 37
OBJ: Describe beta emission.
24. The only difference between x-rays and gamma rays is their a. energy b. size c. origin d. name
.
ANS: C
The only difference between x-rays and gamma rays is their origin. DIF: Moderate REF: page 42 NeUenRxS-rIaN Cm OaMrays. OBJ: Explain the difference betw ysGaT ndBg.am 25. The is the least penetrating form of ionizing radiation. a. beta particle b. x-ray c. gamma ray d. alpha particle ANS: D
The alpha particle is the least penetrating form of ionizing radiation. DIF: Moderate REF: page 41 OBJ: Name the least penetrating form of ionizing radiation.
Chapter 3: Electromagnetic Energy Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The four properties of photons are , , a. size, shape, spin, mass b. frequency, mass, amplitude, wavelength c. frequency, wavelength, velocity, amplitude d. refraction, velocity, spin, amplitude
and
.
ANS: C
The properties of photons are frequency, wavelength, velocity, and amplitude. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 45
OBJ: Identify the properties of photons.
2. The smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic radiation is a(n) a. photon b. electron c. neutrino d. quark
_.
ANS: A
The smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic radiation is a photon. DIF: Easy
REF: page 45
OBJ: Define photons.
3. What is the velocity of all electromagnetic radiation? a. 8 103 m/s b. 2 108 m/s c. 3 108 m/s d. 4 103 m/s ANS: C
The velocity of all electromagnetic radiation is 3 108 m/s. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 45
OBJ: State the velocity of all electromagnetic radiation.
4. The rate of rise and fall of a sine wave is called its a. amplitude b. frequency c. wavelength d. velocity
.
ANS: B
The rate of rise and fall of a sine wave is called its frequency. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 46
5. A hertz (Hz) is equal to a. 103
OBJ: Define wave frequency.
cycle(s) per second.
b. 102 c. 10 d. 1 ANS: D
A hertz is equal to 1 cycle per second. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 46
OBJ: Define the hertz.
6. What is the electromagnetic wave equation? a. b. c. c = fv d. ANS: A
The wave equation is DIF: Difficult
.
REF: page 48
OBJ: Recognize the electromagnetic wave equation.
7. The of electromagnetic radiation is constant. a. amplitude b. velocity c. frequency d. wavelength ANS: B
The velocity of electromagnetic radiation is constant. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 48
OBJ: Discuss the velocity of electromagnetic radiation.
8. If the wavelength of a beam of electromagnetic radiation increases by a factor of 2, then its
frequency must . a. double b. increase four times c. decrease by half d. remain constant ANS: C
If the wavelength of a beam of electromagnetic radiation increases by a factor of 2, then its frequency must decrease by half. DIF: Difficult REF: page 48 OBJ: Discuss the relationship between electromagnetic radiation wavelength and frequency. 9. The intensity of radiation
from the source. a. increases, direct b. decreases, direct c. increases, inverse d. decreases, inverse ANS: D
in
proportion to the square of the distance of the object
The intensity of radiation decreases in inverse proportion to the square of the distance of the object from the source. DIF: Difficult
REF: page 54
OBJ: Explain the inverse square law.
10. The reduction of radiation intensity due to scattering and absorption is called a. reflection b. refraction c. attenuation d. dispersion
.
ANS: C
The reduction of radiation intensity due to scattering and absorption is called attenuation. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 52
OBJ: Understand the function of attenuation.
11. The intensity of radiation on an object is reduced with distance because the radiation a. reduces its velocity b. increases in wavelength c. loses its energy d. is spread out over a greater area
.
ANS: D
The intensity of radiation on an object is reduced with distance because the radiation is spread out over a greater area. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 54
OBJ: Explain the inverse square law.
12. If the intensity of light from a flashlight is 4 millilumens (mlm) at a distance of 3 feet, what
will the intensity be at 6 feet? a. 0.4 millilumens b. 1 millilumen c. 2 millilumens d. 16 millilumens ANS: B
If the intensity of light from a flashlight is 4 millilumens (mlm) at a distance of 3 feet using the inverse square law, it will be 1 millilumen at 6 feet. DIF: Difficult REF: page 55 OBJ: Calculate intensity changes using the inverse square law. 13. The diagnostic range of x-ray energy is a. 30 to 150 kVp b. 200 to 300 kVp c. 300 to 1000 kVp d. over 1 MV
.
ANS: A
The diagnostic range of x-ray energy is 30-150 kVp. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 56
OBJ: Discuss the electromagnetic spectrum.
14. The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its a. amplitude b. frequency c. velocity d. wavelength
.
ANS: B
The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. DIF: Moderate REF: page 57 OBJ: Discuss the relationship between the energy and frequency of electromagnetic spectrum. 15. The mass equivalent of a 100 KeV photon of radiation can be calculated using the a. inverse square formula b. equivalent Planck equation c. relativity formula d. Planck quantum equation
.
ANS: C
The mass equivalent of a 100 KeV photon of radiation can be calculated using the relativity formula. DIF: Difficult
REF: page 57
16. X-rays are usually identified by their a. energy b. velocity c. wavelength d. hertz
OBJ: Understand how to calculate mass equivalency.
.
ANS: A
X-rays are usually identified by their energy. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 56
OBJ: Discuss the electromagnetic spectrum.
17. The lowest energy range of the electromagnetic spectrum is a. sound waves b. radio waves c. gamma rays d. microwaves
.
ANS: B
The lowest energy range on the electromagnetic spectrum is radio waves. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 50
18. Gamma rays are produced in the a. outer electron shell b. inner electron shell c. nucleus d. K-shell
OBJ: Discuss the electromagnetic spectrum.
of the atom.
ANS: C
Gamma rays are produced in the nucleus of the atom. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 51
19. Photons tend to interact with matter a. equal in size to b. larger in size than c. smaller in size than d. unequal in size to
OBJ: Discuss the electromagnetic spectrum.
their wavelength.
ANS: A
Photons tend to interact with matter equal in size to their wavelength. DIF: Moderate
REF: page 52
OBJ: Identify the properties of photons.
20. Photons with the highest frequencies have the a. highest velocity b. lowest energy c. longest wavelengths d. shortest wavelengths
.
ANS: D
Photons with the highest frequencies have the shortest wavelengths. DIF: Moderate REF: page 48 OBJ: Understand the relationship between frequency and wavelength.