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S 4 Shuffle

Unit 7

The Handmaid’s Tale Focus on … Dystopia Animals Dreams The basics Present perfect continuous , past perfect continuous and future continuous Linking words and phrases Defining and non-defining relative clauses Revision of the tenses On speaking terms Living in a dystopia Talking about pets Sharing your dreams and reacting to someone else’s dreams

Mouth gymnastics Odd one out Did you know? The most famous tyrants Shuffle Calvin and Hobbes Finger exercise I have a dream On the spot

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2. On speaking terms Dare to be a rebel Living in a dystopia I can’t see a way out. It is hopeless. I used to believe in those values. Now I just try to survive. You don’t have to conform; you have to be yourself. Dare to be a rebel. I don’t believe in complete control. I believe in freedom. I will always resist hierarchy. I believe in hierarchy. It makes things clear. Everybody knows what to do and expect.

Discuss. Is school like a dystopia? • Do you have to obey, conform and accept hierarchy? • Do you feel valued, alive and heard? • Are there tyrants in your school? And what about rebels?

Describe what your utopia would be like? What could turn it into a dystopia? How could you prevent this? Discuss.

What would you write to someone living in Gilead to prevent them from giving up? What makes life worth living even in those circumstances?

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What does this page from the graphic novel "The Handmaid’s Tale" tell you about Gilead and about handmaids?

Source: © "The Handmaid’s Tale: The Graphic Novel", Renée Nault

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'Being a handmaid is a privilege.' Does the handmaid agree? Do you agree? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

'Does each handmaid have the same print …' Why is she curious about this? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

'I am alive. I live. I breathe.' How important is this? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Watch this TED talk about dystopia. Would you recognise one? What is a utopia according to the speaker? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is a dystopia according to the speaker? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is writer Jonathan Swift’s link with dystopia? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is the main advantage of mass media in a dystopia? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is the most terrifying aspect of dystopias? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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4 Why should we not ignore dystopias? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Discuss. What is the difference? • I had been cooking all morning when he finally came home. • I have been cooking since this morning. • This time tomorrow I will be cooking your dinner.

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3. The basics I will be partying then Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous and future continuous Present perfect continuous Form: has / have + been + -ing form of the verb + I have been working. / He has been watching. - I haven’t been working. / He hasn’t been watching. ? Have I been working? / Has he been watching? Use: - to refer to a time that started sometime earlier and lasts up until now (often with for and since). The action is considered ongoing, temporary and incomplete at the moment of speaking. It might continue into the future and there may be some visible evidence present. The children have been painting (and the room is a mess). He has been working in the garden (and there is sand on his hands). - to emphasise the duration of the action (to complain or criticise). I’ve been calling you for weeks but you never reply!

Past perfect continuous Form: had + been + -ing form of the verb + We had been cooking. - We hadn’t been cooking. ? Had we been cooking? Use: for a past event that was in progress up to a certain point in the past. This event can be temporary or unfinished. It doesn’t have to refer to a single continuous action. We had been waiting for three hours when the train finally arrived.

Future continuous Form: will + be + -ing form of the verb + We will be playing. - We will not be playing. ? Will we be playing? Use: - for a planned action that will be in progress at a certain time in the future or when something else happens. They’ll still be sleeping when she calls. - to say what someone will be doing at a certain time, as an explanation or an excuse or in an answer to a question. He’ll be working in the café at 7 o’clock.

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Discuss. 1) Amy’s been working at the school since 2010. • • • •

When did Amy start working at the school? Does she work at the school now? Did she work at the school between 2010 and now? Will she work at the school in the future?

2) It’s time to sleep! Will has been watching videos all day! • • • • •

Was Will watching videos in the morning? Was Will watching videos in the afternoon? Did Will do any work today? Has Will finished watching videos? Will Will continue to watch videos?

3) We’d been cleaning the house all morning when Isa called us for lunch. • • • •

When did they start cleaning? Did they work all morning? Did they work until lunchtime? Had they finished cleaning at lunchtime?

4) On Friday some thieves broke the lock on the front door and stole the computer. They had been watching the house since Wednesday night. • • • •

Had the thieves been watching the house over a period of time? When did they start watching the house? What happened on Friday? Did they continue to watch the house after Friday?

5) Elvis: 'Can I call you tomorrow afternoon?' Katherine: 'Sure. I’ll be working at home all day tomorrow.' • • • • •

Where will Katherine be tomorrow? What does she plan to do? How long will she work? Will she start working before Elvis calls? Will she finish working after Elvis has called?

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Listen. Put the subject and verb forms you hear in the correct column. Past perfect continuous

Present perfect continuous

Future continuous

Mark all forms of the present perfect continuous in yellow, the past perfect continuous in green and the future continuous in red. Why are these tenses used? 1) I have been waiting here long enough. If Jim can’t be on time, he will have to find someone else to take him home. 2) By the time Tony arrived yesterday, I had been waiting for over an hour. 3) Emilio was fired last month. He had been working for that company for more than ten years! 4) Her eyes were red. I think she had been crying. 5) Why has she not been taking her medicine the past few days? 6) He has been practising since June. 7) I will be watching TV when she arrives. 8) At midnight, I will be driving home. 9) I know what to expect at a party. Some will be dancing. Others will be eating. Still others will be watching. 10) They’d been working all morning, so they were very hungry. 11) We failed the test because we had been preparing the wrong exam. 12) She’d been waiting at the bus stop for hours. 13) I’d been staying up late to see you. 14) I’ve been reading these papers all evening. 15) I’ve been waiting for hours. 16) I’ve been running around to find your present all day. 17) I’ll be practising there next month. 18) What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 19) We will be waiting for you when you get off the plane. 20) We’ll be going over to your parents in a couple of minutes. 21) Look, it has been raining!

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Complete. Use the correct tense. 1) (I – to work) all day, so I didn’t want to go out. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) He was red in the face because (he – to run). _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3) At four o’clock tomorrow, (I – to study) in my room. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4) (they – to sleep) for hours when I woke them. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5) When the teacher comes, (I – to wait)? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6) (she – to work) in England for two years. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7) (they – to live) in Japan for five years when their kid died. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8) (I – to clean) all day. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9) (you – to smoke) a lot recently. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10) At midnight, (we – to sleep). _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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4. Shuffle Calvin and Hobbes 16

Read these comics. What do they teach you about the characters of Calvin and Hobbes? Surf the Internet and find one comic that represents Calvin’s character best and one that represents Hobbes’ character best. Now find three facts about their creator Bill Watterson.

What is the difference between these two paragraphs? • Chocolate mousse is a great dessert for children. It looks pretty, everyone gets their own serving and you can make it a day ahead of time. • Above all, chocolate mousse is a great dessert for children. First of all, it looks pretty. Moreover, everyone gets their own serving. And last but not least, you can make it a day ahead of time.

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5. The basics His fall was caused by the rain, therefore I have decided not to laugh

Linking words and phrases Linking words and phrases are particularly important when writing. They help the reader to progress more smoothly from one point to the next and improve the connections between thoughts. They indicate relations.

Addition also, again, as well as, besides that, coupled with, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover, similarly He is handsome as well as clever.

Consequence accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, for this purpose, hence, otherwise, so then, subsequently, therefore, thus, thereupon, wherefore, due to (because of) Highway traffic came to a stop as a result of an accident that morning.

Contrast and comparison instead, likewise, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, rather, similarly, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, in contrast The children were very happy. Their parents on the other hand were on the verge of tears.

Emphasis above all, chiefly, with attention to, especially, particularly, singularly I want you all to pay attention, especially John.

Generalising as a rule, as usual, for the most part, generally, generally speaking, ordinarily, usually For the most part, they just wanted to eat quietly.

Illustration for example, for instance, for one thing, as an illustration They are all afraid of something. John, for instance, has agoraphobia.

Sequence at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time, for now, for the time being, the next step, in time, in turn, later on, simultaneously, afterwards, in conclusion, with this in mind He was calling his girlfriend but at the same time driving his car.

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Put in the correct order. As a result, people are calling while queuing, driving and even while taking a bath.

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Thus, we can call everyone whenever we want.

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On top of that, we need to protect our health, as constantly using a mobile phone might be dangerous for our body.

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Nowadays, most people have a mobile phone.

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Not everyone, however, is pleased to be available always and everywhere.

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First of all, we need to protect our privacy and free time.

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Choose the best linking word / phrase. 1) People watch television for entertainment. (However / In addition to this / Although) it provides us with the most recent news. 2) There are many different TV shows. There are sports programs, (on the other hand / moreover / for example), and children’s programs. 3) Most people watch TV every day. (As a result / However / Despite), people have less time for their hobbies and friends. 4) Americans have about 150 channels to choose from. (In conclusion / In comparison / What is more), the 4 British channels seem a very narrow choice. 5) Some people think children watch too much TV. (In contrast / Personally / Besides that), they argue that the quality of the programs is poor.

Complete. Use the list. for example – however – first of all – on the other hand – moreover – especially – personally Living on the countryside has many advantages. [1] the air is fresh, and you can grow your own vegetables. [2], there is space and peace and quiet. [3], there are some things to take into consideration, [4] if you have a family. You might need a car for shopping and driving the kids to school. [5], living in a city has its advantages too. There are, [6], many restaurants and museums to go to. [7], I prefer living among the birds and the cows, though.

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[1]

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[5]

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[2]

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[6]

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[3]

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[7]

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[4]

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Complete. 1) … being extremely talented, she is also helpful.

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2) …, let’s just focus on the biggest problem.

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3) I don’t like cats. …, they smell.

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4) What are the results? - …, people want things to stay the same.

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5) This is the best solution. …, it is an extremely expensive device.

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6) I love France. I can’t speak French, ...

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7) First of all, I want it fixed. …, we can discuss the details.

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8) …, love your parents.

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9) I hate animals, … dogs.

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10) He lives too far away to help. …, he won’t understand you.

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6. Focus on … Animals 22

There aren’t any pets in Gilead. Why do you think that is?

Complete the roster. Use the list. You need to use some words more than once. ewe – kid – tigress – boar – goose – drone – sow – chick – duck – cock – queen / worker bee – lion – tiger – lamb – tomcat – pup – foal – piglet – rooster – calf – fawn – doe – bull – buck – bitch – jack – gosling – dog – bunny – drake – gander – cub – stallion – ram – cob – hen – lioness – cow – jennet – vixen – mare – pen – larva – kitten – colt / foal – kit – duckling – cygnet Animal bear bee bird lion tiger cat chicken cattle elephant whale deer donkey dog fox wolf mouse duck goat goose horse pig sheep rabbit swan

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Father

Mother

Baby

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Can you name these groups of animals? Make correct combinations.

a herd of …

a troop of …

a hive of …

a flock of …

a pack of …

a swarm of …

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Do you recognise the following young animals?

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