S 3 Shuffle
Unit 5
Who let the dogs out? Focus on ‌ Daft dogs Terrible traffic Peer pressure The basics Present perfect simple Past simple vs. present perfect simple Concord in gender between noun and pronoun On speaking terms Talking about pets Giving traffic guidelines Pressuring your peers
Mouth gymnastics Present perfect simple pronunciation Did you know? Strange traffic laws Shuffle Saint David’s Day Finger exercise How can you learn to say no? On the spot
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
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grumpychihuahua 822 posts
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đ&#x;?• đ&#x;?śđ&#x;ŚŠđ&#x;?ž đ&#x;?Šâ?¤â?¤đ&#x;Œˆđ&#x;Œˆ ✉ : grumpychihuahua@hotmail.com
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ohmygodilovedogs • Follow 1,259 posts
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Find the real dogs! #buddyboowaggytails #boo #stuffedanimals #dogsaregreat #pomeranian #dogstagram #instadog #animals #photography #puppies #doglover suzieq26: I wish I had a dog. My parents don’t even trust me with a goldfish. grumpychihuahua: Give me the location. I will track
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them down, roast them and eat them. 123itisme: Cuteness overload!
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inza54: @grumpychihuahua you look yummy too! dantheman: Dogs are stupid.
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purrfectliving06: I love how they pose for the camera! My cats would never do that!
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grumpychihuahua : @inza54 Looking yummy makes me grumpy.
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What do you think? When are animals better company than human beings? What animal have you had in your car? Or on your bike? In what ways do animals put pressure on each other? Why are posts with cats so popular?
1. Focus on … Daft dogs 1
What is a daft dog? Are these daft dogs?
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Complete. Use the list. a bird – a lion – a mosquito – a seal – a rat – an ox – a rabbit – a horse – a lamb – a rooster – a dog – a pig – a mouse – a squirrel – a bat – a rhino – a peacock – an owl – a bee – a marten – a fox – a calf – a tiger – a frog – a monkey – a snake – a parrot – a bear – a hedgehog – a panther – a wolf – a hippo – a cheetah – a bull – a fish – a penguin
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Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
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Put the animals in the correct column. Wild
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Domestic
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What body part makes these animals look daft? Use the list. claw – feathers – paws – tail – whiskers – horns – fur – nose – spots – beak – wings - mouth
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Animals can be daft, but they can have many other characteristics. Make correct combinations. coarse – floppy – soft – bare – pointy – sharp – cute
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Which animal does what? Make correct combinations. to bark – to meow – to neigh – to twitter – to purr
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Do you know how to take care of animals? Describe what you see. Use the list. [1] to clean – [2] to walk – [3] to feed – [4] to wash – [5] to calm down – [6] to play with
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2. On speaking terms That’s a daft dog! Talking about pets Do you have any pets?
Yes, I have two cats. No, I hate animals. No, I am allergic to animals.
That’s my dog. Isn’t it lovely?
Oh, I love dogs! What’s its name? What breed is it? And how old is it? Does it know any tricks?
Your dog is making an awful lot of noise!
I am sorry, I will calm him down.
I love your cat, it is so cute!
Yes, it is. And it loves to purr.
Can you please keep your dog on the leash?
Of course. But it won’t harm a fly.
I prefer cats over dogs, they require less care. I chose my dog for its floppy ears / cute fur / long tail / big paws …
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Listen and complete the conversations. Try them with a partner. 1) - Susan, I didn’t know you have a dog.
_ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
.
- But I do hear a dog barking, don’t I?
- Yes, that’s the neighbour’s dog. I have already asked him several times __________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
.
But he says there’s no problem. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .
2) - __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
- Yes she is, but beware. She can bite as well. And ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .
- Oh. Well. I am more of a dog person anyway. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Have you seen him? He is adorable!
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Discuss these animals with a partner.
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Discuss. • • • • • •
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What is the best pet to have? Do you know anyone who owns an unusual pet? Do you eat meat? If so, is there any kind of meat you would not eat? Do you think that animals can have dreams? What can people learn from animals? Do you think animals have souls?
Read these poems about animals. They are very different poems: a picture poem, an acrostic poem and a haiku. Which one do you like the most? Why? What makes them poetic? Or are they not poetic at all? A house can be tall, short, wide or thin, with many rooms, or only a few. It can be home for all the family or simply me and my pets.
Furry face Red hair Intelligent eyes Ears that hear everything Nose that sniffs Dog of my dream
Make up your mind, snail! You are half inside your house, And halfway out!
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Listen to the song “Who Let the Dogs Out” by Baha Men and answer the questions. • • • •
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If you just listen to the music, what type of song do you think this is? Now listen to the lyrics. What is this song about? What does this song tell you about dogs? Who let the dogs out?
Write a very catchy phrase, like ‘Who let the dogs out?’, about another animal. Your phrase will be used as a baseline in a commercial campaign. What product do you want to promote? Find a picture that shows the connection between your phrase and the product. Catchy phrase _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Product _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Picture
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Discuss these animal jokes. How important are the tenses in the jokes? A. - Grocer, are these eggs fresh? - Well, the chickens haven’t missed them yet. B. How do you know that carrots are good for the eyes? Have you ever seen a rabbit wearing glasses?
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C.
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3. The basics I have done this before Present perfect simple Form
Present perfect simple: have / has + past participle. I / you / we / they He / she / it
‘ve / have ‘s / has
loved
him forever.
I / you / we / they He / she / it
haven’t / have not hasn’t / has not
loved loved
him forever. him forever.
Have Has
I / you / we / they he / she / it
loved loved
him forever? him forever?
There are regular and irregular past participles: - the regular past participle is the past simple (usually infinitive + ed) - the irregular past participles have to be studied by heart
Use
The present perfect simple is used to express passed actions linked to the present: - to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before: • to talk about experiences that may happen again I have made chocolate cake before. • to talk about change over time My English has really improved since I use Shuffle. • to talk about past actions with no specific time or unfinished time periods Scientists have split the atom. • to say that an action which we expected has not happened It hasn’t stopped raining. - to talk about something that started in the past and has continued up till now. I have had a cold for two weeks.
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Read the text. Underline all forms of the present perfect simple. Mark the regular past participles in green, the irregular past participles in blue.
Julia has been my friend for over 10 years. We have known each other since we were children. Recently she and her family have moved to a house on the same street and now we see each other almost every day. For the last ten years, Julia and I have played tennis every Thursday. Julia is a better player than I am, but in the last few weeks she has had some trouble with her arm and has found it hard to play a full game. She has visited the doctor several times, but he doesn’t know what is causing the pain. Julia has decided to take a break from tennis, so her arm can recover. It’s going to be lonely without her!
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Complete with the correct past participles. Infinitive
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Regular past participle
to open
to be
to ask
to come
to live
to take
to look
to go
to love
to tell
to listen
to do
to watch
to speak
to try
to drive
to pass
to read
to want
to eat
to carry
to feel
to complete
to see
Irregular past participle
Match the lines in column A, B and C. There are several possibilities. Read your matches aloud. A
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Infinitive
B
C
I have known my best friend
from 2001 to 2005.
We met in London.
I last went to the hairdresser’s
for an hour.
I went camping with some friends.
I have had these jeans
two weeks ago.
Before that it was a church.
We have used this car
since 2002.
The haircut was terrible.
We lived in London
for years.
We bought it on a Monday.
We haven’t had a holiday
for three years.
My mum gave them to me.
This building has been a school
in 1999.
We moved because of my father’s work.
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
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Make correct sentences using the present perfect simple. Use full forms in the first five sentences and short forms in the last five sentences. 1) Bob – visit – his aunt _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2) They – wash – the car _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3) Mother – clean – the house _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4) I – read – this book _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5) My brother – play – hockey _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6) They – eat – cake _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7) We – see – Santa Claus _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8) You – drive – a motorbike _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9) Barbara – try – to finish the puzzle _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10) The dog – go – home _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now make the sentences negative. Again, use full forms in the first five sentences and short forms in the last five sentences. 1)
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2)
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3)
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4)
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5)
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8)
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9)
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10) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
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Turn the sentences into questions. 1)
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2)
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3)
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5)
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8)
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9)
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10) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Add a question tag and a reaction. e.g. Robin has already read the book, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. Sarah didn’t leave without us, did she? No, she didn’t. That girl has just finished dinner, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
She has forgotten her appointment, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He has been to the toilet, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They haven’t bought me a present, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You have known her for ages, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The cat has been sleeping, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He hasn’t finished the exercise, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My mother has cooked stew, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You have lied to me all along, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He hasn’t called since last week, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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First answer the questions for yourself, then try to guess how many of your classmates have ever … Discuss. • • • • • • • • •
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Have you ever sailed on the North Sea? Have you ever visited America? Have you ever had a headache? Have you ever watched an Indian film? Have you ever heard Japanese people talking? Have you ever cooked dinner? Have you ever played chess and won? Have you ever read an entire book in one day? Have you ever lied to your parents about your whereabouts?
Choose one of the actions below and ask your partner a yes-no question about his or her experiences this week. They have to answer “Yes” (i.e. they can’t answer “No”, even if that is true), but you can ask three questions to find out whether they are telling the truth or not. e.g. - Have you eaten spaghetti this week? - Yes, I have. - When have you eaten spaghetti this week? … • • • • • • • • • • •
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cleared your inbox been shouted at drunk hot milk thought of your teacher spoken French heard gossip about a teacher worn the same clothes two days in a row had a phone call received a letter got a present eaten bread
What have you just done? Write down three things, then ask your neighbour. e.g. I have just finished my exercise. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. Mouth gymnastics Present perfect simple pronunciation 22
Write down the past participles of the following words and pronounce them. begin
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lend ______________________________________________________________________________________
break
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bring
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hear ______________________________________________________________________________________
make
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sink ______________________________________________________________________________________
burn
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write ______________________________________________________________________________________
buy
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lay ______________________________________________________________________________________
drink
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speak ______________________________________________________________________________________
drive
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think ______________________________________________________________________________________
feel
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spin ______________________________________________________________________________________
fight
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Now try to match the past participles above by vowel sound. There is at least one match for each. e.g. lead – lead
and
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say -said
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
3 Fill in the past participles of the verbs below and match them by vowel sound with one of the verbs above. become - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ choose - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ give - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ know - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ learn - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ lead - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ let - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ pay - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ rise - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ ring - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ say - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ see - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ send - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ show - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ sell - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ steal - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ take - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ teach - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________ throw - ____________________________________________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. Shuffle Saint David’s Day 23
What does the excerpt teach you about Saint David? • • • • •
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What miracles did Saint David perform? What is the link between Glastonbury and Saint David? What do leeks have to do with Saint David? How do people celebrate Saint David’s Day today? Which picture is the odd one out?
Read the cartoon and discuss.
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
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6. The basics Completely over or not yet? Past simple vs. present perfect simple In British English, the use of the past simple and the present perfect simple is quite strict. When a time expression in the past is given and the period of time is completely over, you have to use the past simple. In American English, you can normally use the past simple instead of the present perfect simple. Past simple - a certain time in the past - a certain event in the past - emphasis on action - yesterday / …ago / the other day / last…
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Present perfect simple - just / already / not yet - whether / how often / till now - emphasis on result - already / so far / lately / recently / ever
Past simple or present perfect simple? a) - (Have you already played / Did you already play) that new computer game? - No, not yet. I (have only bought / only bought) it yesterday and I (have not had / did not have) the time yet. b)
- (Have you gone / Did you go) to the theatre last night? - Yes. I (have been / was) there with Derek. (Have you been / Were you) there recently? - I (have gone / went) to the theatre two weeks ago. - So you (have not seen / did not see) the new musical yet. - No, unfortunately not. (Have you enjoyed / Did you enjoy) it? - I really (have loved / loved) it. But Derek (hasn’t liked / did not like) it – too much singing. - Why (have you taken / did you take) him with you? You (have told / told) me last week your friendship (has been / was) over. - Oh, I don’t know. Old habits, I suppose.
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Past simple or present perfect simple? Complete. I (to finish - just) my homework. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mary (to write - already) two letters. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Janey (to move) to this city in 2000. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My friend (to be) in London two weeks ago. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I (not to be) abroad so far. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
But I (to travel) to New York a couple of times. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Last week, the dog (to eat) lasagna. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I can’t bake cake because I (not to buy) any butter yet. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(they - to spend) their holiday in Turkey last summer? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(you - to see - ever) a whale? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Work in pairs. If the answer is yes, say when it happened. e.g. Have you ever been to a concert? Yes, I have. I went to Werchter last year. • • • • •
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Have you ever seen a famous person? Have you ever played golf? Have you ever been to London? Have you ever drunk beer? Have you ever written a story?
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7. Focus on … Terrible traffic 28
Look at these pictures of traffic incidents with animals. What is going on?
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What are these people doing? Complete. Use the list. [1] to drive on the left – [2] to overtake another car – [3] to wear a seat belt – [4] to have priority – [5] to cause an accident – [6] to join the motorway – [7] to leave the motorway – [8] to get in lane – [9] to slow down – [10] to queue – [11] to signal – [12] to give way– [13] to pull over – [14] to exceed the speed limit– [15] to cut off– [16] to merge
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Several things can go wrong in traffic. What happened here? [1] to be overturned – [2] to wait for assistance – [3] to be a write-off – [4] to exceed the speed limit – [5] to hit another car
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To be safe on the street, you have to respect the road signs. What do these signs tell you to do?
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What type of road do you see? Use the list. Which road has the most traffic? a gravel road – a highway – an alley – a main street
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Make correct combinations.
a penalty / fine
een snelheidsbeperking
a blind spot
een achteruitkijkspiegel
a traffic jam
een gordel
an accident
een verkeersbord
a seat belt
een ongeluk
a road sign
een file
a passenger
a driver
a speed camera
a rearview mirror
a speed limit
een boete een passagier een bestuurder een flitspaal een blinde hoek
Complete the text. In England, you must [1] … unless [2] … tell you otherwise or if you are [3] … another car. The [4] … sits on the right hand side of the car, the [5] … sits on the left. Both have to wear [6] … . If you drink drive (drive after drinking alcohol) the [7] … can be serious. You have to [8] … on the roads. There are many hidden [9] … so watch out if you want to [10] … the speed limit anyway. You should use [11] … to show that you will turn left or right. You should also use your [12] … before you turn. Drivers should also turn round to look over their shoulder because of the [13] … : the place behind you that you cannot see, even with mirrors. Mostly, traffic on the main road has [14] … . Be sure to stop and not to cause an [15] … . On motorways, the speed limit is higher than on other roads and there are at least two lanes of traffic. You should [16] … according to which exit you need. Take extra care when [17] … or [18] … the motorway. [1]
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[10] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
[2]
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[11]
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[3]
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[12]
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[4]
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[13]
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[5]
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[14] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
[6]
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[15]
[7]
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[16] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
[8]
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[17]
[9]
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[18] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. On speaking terms Keep it safe! Giving traffic guidelines Watch out, you cannot park here.
I’ll just pull over. My father is waiting over there.
Please turn right.
The road sign says I can’t.
Don’t exceed the speed limit.
But I have to be on time! I will slow down.
There’s a huge traffic jam on the highway. You don’t want to be in this lane, it’s exit-only. That guy just cut me off!
Thank God you know how to use the brakes!
We want to keep it safe. Everybody buckle up, please! I am hungry, let’s make a stop at the next service station.
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What can you say in the following situations?
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Have a conversation with a partner. This is the situation you are in. One of you is the father who still wants to be on time to pick up his friend, although he left five minutes too late. The other one is the mother who wants the father to drive safely.
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3 37
Look at the picture carefully. What has happened? Use the present perfect simple.
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Your teacher will give you a goose board. Make teams of four. Take turns rolling the dice. Give the correct English word if you get a picture or do what the text tells you to do if you want to move forward.
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Write down the different steps: how to cross a street in your town / city. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Now, watch the excerpt. Write down the different steps: how to cross a street in Ho Chi Minh City. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Why is Belgian traffic so terrible?
Five reasons why Belgium has the worst traffic in Europe Traffic congestion analysis consistently shows a surprising fact: Brussels and Antwerp, the two largest cities in Belgium, are the two most congested cities in the whole of Europe and North America. It is estimated that drivers in Brussels waste 83 hours a year in traffic. How did the administrative heart of the European Union get into this traffic mess? 1. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In most countries, only top managers are offered a car by their employer. Not in Belgium. “Up to 15% of all cars and about 50% of new cars are company cars,” says Cathy Macharis, a mobility professor at the VUB. In many cases, people with a company car don’t even need their vehicle for work. Many employers simply prefer giving a car instead of a raise or a bonus. Why? Because they pay less taxes that way. And of course those who don’t have to pay for their car, or even for fuel, have no incentive to look for alternative transport. So they tend to drive much more than anyone else. 2. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Belgium is a small country, but every Belgian probably knows somebody who commutes more than 100km every day. That’s because jobs are concentrated in the large cities, yet most people won’t move there. “People landing a job in London or Paris are likely to move there,” says Steven Logghe, head of traffic at Be-Mobile, which provides traffic information. “Belgians, however, prefer to wake up a little earlier and drive across the country.” The OECD blames this on a rigid housing market, caused by the high transaction costs of buying a house.
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3
3. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Because of widespread suburbanisation, many Belgians are car-dependent. Those who do have other transport options will often prefer to use their car, because the alternatives are not well designed. There is a lack of park-and-ride facilities, for example, and inner-city parking is relatively cheap and abundant, encouraging people to drive all the way into the city centre. Cycle infrastructure has improved, but is still very poor in many suburban areas. At first sight, trains have been doing better. Passenger numbers have increased more than 40% since 2000. But the national railway company is struggling to cope with surging demand. Overcrowding, frequent delays and the occasional general strike are all part of the train experience. 4. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “As the economy grows, speed goes down,” according to a report by Inrix. In this sense, congestion is a sign of good economic fortune. Brussels has a strong service economy that is relatively immune to market fluctuations because it is anchored on public institutions, notably those of the EU. Indeed, traffic is never worse than during EU summits. Antwerp, with its large port, is an important logistic hub, attracting a lot of truck traffic from across Europe. “One could conclude that all this congestion is due to the success of our economy, rather than the failure of mobility policies,” says Kris Peeters, author of several books on the subject. “This should make us question the need for constant economic expansion, and think about economic activity that doesn’t bring about more traffic.” 5. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The ring roads of Antwerp and Brussels are the twin centres of a spider web of highways that is impossible to evade. “People travelling across the country have no options but to pass at least one or both cities, even if they don’t need to be there,” says Logghe. “The same is true for the rail network. Half of all trains go through Brussels.” Because most of the country is heavily suburbanised, highways also have many entrances and exits, mixing local with long-distance traffic and causing more collisions, which in turn clog traffic up even more. So what’s the solution? Advocates of road building say that capacity has barely increased in 30 years. But Belgium already has one of the densest road networks in the world. “Building more roads is absolutely not the solution,” says Peeters. “It is proven to bring only temporary relief, and in the long run, simply attracts more traffic.” Most experts, including the OECD, expect better results from some kind of congestion charge or road pricing. This has been under discussion by national and regional government for years. Until now, however, there has been no sign of a political deal. Meanwhile, the public seems even less convinced. When a study on the issue made headlines earlier this year, an online petition against road pricing gathered more than 170,000 signatures in just 10 days. Perhaps Belgians just like their traffic jams. Source: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/aug/28/belgium-worst-traffic-europe-brussels-antwerp-congestion
snarled = in de knoop gebracht / a congestion = een opstopping / an incentive = een stimulans / surging = toenemend / a fluctuation = een schommeling abundant = overvloedig a summit = een topconferentie / to evade = ontwijken / dense = opeengepakt
/
rigid = star
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Add subtitles to the text, summarizing the different reasons why Belgium has such severe traffic problems. Classify them from most to least important in your opinion. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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What other solutions are possible, apart from the one mentioned? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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You had to be in Brussels. You took the train, but you arrived too late because the railway was blocked due to an accident involving a car. You are frustrated and decide to show this frustration on Twitter. What do you tweet with this article in mind? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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41
Watch the excerpt and answer the questions. • • •
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What type of road are they driving on? What happens on the first day of spring? Is this a good solution to traffic problems?
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
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9. Did you know? Strange traffic laws 42
Which country has the strangest traffic laws?
Don’t forget your gorilla! Traffic code involves common laws which apply all over the world. You stop at a red light, you obey the speed limit, you don’t drink and drive … In addition to this, every country or even city also has its own specific laws. As you can read in the examples below, these laws often extend to some very specific situations. 1. In Russia, you need to make sure you aren’t too lazy about washing your car. You may receive a fine of around $50 if your car's exterior is dirty. The government enforced the law to ensure that motorists keep their license plates visible during icy periods. As cleaning your car outside of your home or the car wash is illegal, Russians are finding it difficult to abide by the law. 2. Make also sure you keep your car clean when you're in Hilton Head, South Carolina. The police will fine you for keeping trash in your vehicle, as legislators are afraid this might attract rats. 3. When you drive around in Minnetonka, Minnesota, you have to keep the tires of your car clean if you want to avoid a fine of up to $2,000. With this law, the state wants to prevent tires from depositing mud or sticky substances on the streets. 4. In Spain, drivers need to have a pair of sunglasses in the car at all times to avoid the risk of not being able to see on particularly sunny days. 5. In Alaska, USA, it is illegal to drive with a dog attached by its teeth to the roof of the vehicle. Hopefully it was just the legislator imagining something he thought might happen one day. And in Minnesota, USA, gorillas are allowed to ride in the car with you, though they need to be in the back seat. 6. It may sound ridiculous, but in Oregon, USA, you can drive on the sidewalk as long as you yell a warning at pedestrians first. 7. In Denmark, there's a law that states that drivers must look under their cars before going anywhere. Of course, someone might be under there! 8. In Kentucky, USA, women can only drive in a bikini if they carry an instrument of self-defense or if they are accompanied by at least two police officers. 9. Women in Virginia aren't allowed to drive on main street unless their husband walks in front of the vehicle waving a red flag. Don’t ask why. 10. Drivers with a filthy mouth can be in serious trouble in Rockville, Maryland, as they aren't allowed to swear within earshot of other people. It is prohibited to swear on the highway, the streets or the sidewalks. That also includes communication in your car. The penalty is jail time for up to 90 days or a fine of a $100.
Classify the laws from most to least strange. Do your classmates agree? Discuss. Which laws apply to animals? Do they make sense? Which law should be a law in your country as well? Why? Which law is the most difficult to obey? Why?
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43
Listen to the song “Twenty-seven Strangers” by Villagers, especially the part with the lyrics below. How do you translate this part in Dutch? What is different?
The bus it came And everybody loaded in Twenty-seven strangers In a moving can
10. The basics The bus it came Concord in gender between noun and pronoun In English, as in Dutch, there is concord in gender between noun and pronoun. Anne is my friend. She is cute. Anne is female, so you use the pronoun she. Derek is my friend. He is awesome. Derek is male, so you use the pronoun he. Where is the book? I put it on the table. The book is neutral, so you use the pronoun it. ! I am waiting for the bus. It is late. I am feeding the dog. It is hungry. When you are talking about things or – in most cases – about animals you do not really know, you use the pronoun it.
44
Put in the correct column. the train – my neighbour Doug – the lion – the bike – Jimmy – Ella-Marie – Vincent – the farmer – the cook – the waitress – the horse – the table – the cheese He
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It
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Complete, using the correct pronoun.
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Choose the correct pronoun. I really love Michael. (He / she / it) is the best cook I know. There is the bus! (He / she / it) is very late today! Anita loves writing. And (he / she / it) loves reading too! That is Sue. (He / she / it) is Australian. That is our dog. (He / she / it) is two years old. I take the airplane. (He / she / it) is quick and cheap. Where is David? (He / she / it) is in the kitchen. Where is the dog? (He / she / it) is in the garden. Where is the car? (He / she / it) is in the street. This is my sister. (He / she / it) loves chocolate.
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Complete. Use he / she / it. (George) is dreaming.
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(The blackboard) is green.
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(The giraffe) is running.
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(The nurse) is from London.
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(Diana) has got a brother.
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(Vincent) is from Bristol.
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(The mouse) is eating.
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(The taxi) is late.
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(The flower) is yellow.
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(The doctor ) is happy.
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Write ten sentences about this picture. Use a pronoun in every sentence.
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11. Focus on … Peer pressure 49
Discuss the cartoon. What is peer pressure? • • •
50
How do you see it in animals? How do you see it in traffic? How do you see it in humans beings?
Peer pressure is a strange mix of all the things below. Can you link them to the correct description? pressure negative authority confidence a rebel to appreciate a principle a stigma a stereotype to impress an opinion
51
an oversimplified idea of a person or thing a mark of disgrace to make someone feel admiration and respect the power or right to give orders and make decisions a fundamental truth or belief a view or judgement about something a person who rises in opposition the use of persuasion or intimidation to make someone do something not positive trust, faith to recognize the value of something / someone
Peer pressure makes people do a lot of things. Can you match the opposites?
to encourage to judge to exhaust to agree to abandon to affect to convince
to ignore to doubt to bully to understand to disagree to participate to energize
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52
53
What else can you call your peers / friends? Find four synonyms in these pictures.
1
2
3
4
Complete. He really is an [1] on the subject. He can [2] you, I’m sure. You think it’s green. That’s your [3]. If you don’t want the [4] of a group, you can be a [5] and do your own thing. She has a scar on her face, it’s a real [6]. It’s not true that women can’t drive. That’s such a [7]. I don’t want to [8] you, but why would someone eat grass? I don’t want to [9] people. I just want to be me. We have this fun reading club. Do you want to [10]? You don’t have to listen to other people. You can just [11] them.
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[1]
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[2]
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[3]
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[4]
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[5]
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[6]
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[7]
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[8]
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[9]
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[10] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
[11]
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3
12. On speaking terms Do you give in? Pressuring your peers Can you please let me in?
Unfortunately, I can’t.
Have you ever made an exception? I am sorry, we don’t do that. Would it be possible to make just one exception this time? Do you want to feed my dog tomorrow? I won’t be able to help. If I were you, I’d feel exactly the same way. You have good reasons not to do it. But these are the reasons why I think you should do it … Can you lend me some money? I really want to buy a waffle. Can you help me?
54
I’d love to, but I can’t. I’d rather not, thanks. I am honoured, but I can’t. I am afraid I can’t. Maybe another time.
Salesmen often use a technique called “the yes ladder”. They ask easy questions first, and the answer is always yes. This way, when the time comes to ask you the big question – do you want to spend your money on their product? – you are much more likely to say yes. Practice using “the yes ladder” with a partner. Can you make him or her: • buy you an ice cream? • do your homework? • arrange you a date?
55
These quotes show different attitudes to deal with peer pressure. Discuss. Which one suits you best? I’m not in this world to live up to your expectations and you’re not in this world to live up to mine.
Bruce Lee
I stopped going to school in the middle of fourth grade. Everyone grows up with peer pressure, and kids being mean to each other in school. I think that's such a horrible thing, but I never really dealt with it in a high school way.
Homer: “Now remember Lisa, always give in to peer pressure.” Lisa: “But what if someone really bad tells me to do something really bad and... Homer: “ALWAYS.”
The Simpsons Hilary Duff Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
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56
Is peer pressure negative or positive? The teacher divides the class in two groups. One group gives as many arguments as possible why peer pressure is negative, the other group does the exact opposite. Which group is the most convincing?
57
Do you recognize this story about peer pressure?
Ingrid is a 14-year-old girl from Lancashire. She developed a crush on Jim, a boy in her class, and he has sent out signals that he is interested in her too. One Monday evening she took a nude selfie of herself in the bathroom and sent it to him. The next day, one of his classmates borrowed Jim’s phone, found the picture and forwarded it to one of his friends. The friend then passed it on to another friend, who passed it on to yet another friend and so on. Within a few hours the photo had reached the entire school and a large number of pupils in other schools nearby. When Ingrid came to school the following day, she had no idea that everyone had seen the picture. Her classmates laughed and whispered mean things about her behind her back and someone wrote "whore" and "slut" on her desk when she wasn’t looking. On her best friend’s Facebook page she read awful comments about her and the nude photo. By the time she realised what had happened it was too late. The cyber bullying got worse and worse. She received text messages with insults and threats from people she had never even seen. Nobody in school wanted to talk to her anymore and even her best friends turned their backs on her. One day, a boy from another school sent her a picture of a fat pig and the text: “Do you want to make love tonight? “ The following evening Ingrid wrote in her journal. "They are all talking about me behind my back and I can’t stand it! I don’t know what I should do. Everybody hates me, although I haven’t done anything wrong! I will never go back to school again, I just want it to stop!"
What advice would you give to Ingrid? What would you like to say to her ‘friends’ to make them stop? What could parents and teachers do to help Ingrid?
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3 58
Watch the excerpt. Would you give in? How does this experiment illustrate the mechanics of peer pressure? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Why do people answer to peer pressure? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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What can you do against peer pressure? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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59
Your sister is head over heels in love. You, however, don’t trust her love interest at all – there are rumours that he only wants to date your sister because she is more popular than he is. Of course you don’t want people to gossip about your sister. As you don’t dare to talk to her about it, you decide to write her an e-mail. What do you write?
Sis Your boyfriend ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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13. Finger exercise How to say no 60
How can you learn to say no, even to your classmates? Being able to say no has a lot to do with self-confidence. Brainstorm in groups about three ways in which you can boost your self-confidence. Now, think about three situations in school where you can practice saying no. Try them out. Did you succeed? Based on the brainstorm and your experiences, write down three tips to help your classmates to say no.
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Single
đ&#x;™‚
Write a comment ‌
Richard Why? Been busy?
Sarah Good plan. Just make it quiet and take an early nap!
You like this.
5 people like ¡ Comment ¡ Share ¡ 10 minutes ago
It’s Oh So Quiet Directed by Spike Jonze. Written by Hans Iang/Bert Reisfeld. Published by Peer Music (UK) Ltd.
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
Write a comment ‌
Carlo Why don’t you just post your address, so we can all hop by?
You like this.
10 people like ¡ Comment
‌ is making chocolate cupcakes. Anybody hungry?
Sarah 5 hours ago
like ¡ Comment ¡ Share ¡ 2 hours ago
I’m in the front row! First pro-shot footage from the mammoth Genesis gig in Rome earlier this year.
Genesis - Follow You Follow Me www.youtube.com
Song of the day
Is oh so tired ‌
BjĂśrk www.youtube.com
Esther shared a link.
Friends 124 Photos 71 Map 18 Likes 21
has found a brilliant musician
Jane shared a link.
Lives in UK
Goes to Bispham High School
15 years old
Jane Thompson
â–ź
•
Carlo
Emily
Jane: Lisa? • Can you help Lisa me? 2 Lisa: With what? Drooling on Michael? a great Sarah Jane: You have voice. And you can play the piano. Very well. Esther Lisa: So? Jane: Can you please sing Penny Lane and play the pi Michael Richard ano parts? and I have been practising for hours again today. But I • Jonas am just not good enough. And he is too friendly to back off or admit I am a • Lilly disaster. Lisa: So you are asking me to help you, after all my There Vanessa warnings? is this saying: as you make your bed, so you must lie on William it. Jane: I know. But please ‌ Don’t do it for me, but Walter for my father? He won’t survive his birthday if he hears how I kill his song. Michael favourite Lisa: Oh, well, for god’s sake ‌ yes. Jane: Thank you, thank you, thank you. You are an angel! ― MORE ONLINE FRIENDS (2) ― Lisa: I damn well am!
Lisa
Jake
3
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On the spot Check
Repeat
Focus on ‌ I know and can use the vocabulary about animals.
p. 237 - 241 ex. 1 - 6
I know and can use the vocabulary about traffic.
p. 255 - 257 ex. 28 - 34
I know and can use the vocabulary about peer pressure.
p. 267 - 268 ex. 49 - 53
The basics I know and can use the present perfect simple.
p. 245 - 249 ex. 14 - 21
I know the difference between the present perfect simple and the past simple.
p. 253 - 254 ex. 25 - 27
I know and can use the concord in gender between noun and pronoun.
p. 264 - 266 ex. 44 - 48
On speaking terms
274
I can talk about pets.
p. 242 - 244 ex. 7 - 13
I can discuss traffic.
p. 258 - 262 ex. 35 - 41
I can use peer pressure in conversations.
p. 269 - 271 ex. 54 - 59
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
Teacher’s notes
Recap Focus on ‌ 1
What animals can you find in the picture?
2
What are these people doing?
1
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
3
275
Recap The basics 3
2
Complete using the present perfect simple. 1) (I – to eat - just) dinner so I’m not hungry. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2) (I – to save) a lot of money this year so next year I plan to take a long holiday. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3) (you – to work) hard in the garden all day. You deserve a cold drink. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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4) (I – to be) on a diet for weeks but I am not losing any weight. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5) (you – to keep) a pet for three years? Yes, I have, but our dog died two weeks ago. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6) Either (she – not to steal) the chocolate or she is a very good liar. I am not sure which one is true. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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7) Who (he – to meet) met recently? I believe (he – to meet) the love of his life or (he – to win) the lottery. He is so happy! _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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8) Where (you – to study) English? (I – to study) English in Britain, but I am living in Belgium now. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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9) (he – not to call) his mother yet, but I am sure he will do it. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10) (I – not to see) him yet and I love it that way. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Recap 4
3
Use the correct pronoun.
________________________________
is eating.
________________________________
is purring.
________________________________
is late.
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is driving.
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is on the phone.
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is working.
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is playing.
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is heavy.
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is cooking.
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is sleeping.
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
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Recap On speaking terms 5
278
What traffic guidelines can you give in this situation?
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
4
3
Words unit 5 Domestic and wild animals a bird a cat a mosquito a rat an ox a bull a cow a calf a rabbit a horse a lamb a rooster a dog a pig a mouse a squirrel a bat a peacock an owl a bee a fish a frog a fox a tiger a monkey a snake a parrot a bear a panther a seal a wolf a lion a rhino a hippo a cheetah a penguin a marten a claw a feather a paw a tail whiskers
Tweety is a … Tom is a … I hate …, they bite and it itches! In the movie “Ratatouille” you see many … An … was once a bull. An ox was once a … … eat grass. A … is a little cow. Bugs Bunny is a … Black Beauty is a … A … is a little sheep. There are chickens and … in the pen. A … barks. Babe is a … Jerry is a … You find … in the woods. You find … in attics and basements. A … is a proud bird. An … is a wise bird. … make honey. A … lives in the water. A … can live in the water and on land. A … is red and catches chickens. A … is a very big, striped cat. King Louie is a … in the movie “Jungle Book”. Kaa is a … in the movie “Jungle Book”. A … is a bird that speaks. Baloo is a … in the movie “Jungle Book”. Bagheera is a … in the movie “Jungle Book”. You can find … on the Waddeneilanden. Can you cry like a …? Simba is a … A … is grey and has one horn. A … is grey and can be very aggressive. A … can run very fast. … are black and white and like ice. A … can be white and brown, they live in the woods. A cat has … A bird has … A dog can have big … A dog can chase its own … A cat has … near its mouth.
een vogel een kat een mug een rat een os een stier een koe een kalf een konijn een paard een lam een haan een hond een varken een muis een eekhoorn een vleermuis een pauw een uil een bij een vis een kikker een vos een tijger een aap een slang een papegaai een beer een panter een zeehond een wolf een leeuw een neushoorn een nijlpaard een cheeta een pinguïn een marter een klauw een veer een poot een staart snorharen
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a horn a fur a mouth a spot a beak a wing coarse floppy soft bare pointy sharp cute daft wild domestic to bark to meow to purr to neigh to twitter to clean to walk to feed to wash to calm down to play with
A rhino has a … Many animals have … Birds don’t, they have feathers. A lion has a big … Dogs can have … in their fur. Birds have … Birds have … to fly. The shell of a turtle is … A dog can have … ears. Cats have … fur. A naked cat is … A beak can be … A claw can be … That baby dog is so …! Barkey is crazy, it really is a … dog! A lion is a … animal. A cat is a … animal. A dog … A cat … A cat … when it is happy. A horse … A bird … You have to … the cage of the bird. You have to … the dog. You have to … all animals. You have to … a dog when it is really dirty. You have to … your dog when it is barking at night. You can … young animals.
een hoorn een vacht een muil een vlekje een bek een vleugel grof slap zacht naakt puntig scherp schattig dom wild tam blaffen miauwen spinnen hinniken tsjilpen schoonmaken wandelen voederen wassen kalmeren spelen met
a penalty / fine a blind spot a traffic jam an accident a seat belt a road sign a passenger a driver a speed camera a rearview mirror
If you ignore traffic signs you can get a … Watch out for the … when you use the rearview mirror. We were late because there was a … The cause of the traffic jam was an … Do you always wear your …? The … indicates the speed limit. I always drive alone, I never have … The … of the car is at the wheel. A … flashes when you exceed the speed limit. You use a … to see what is happening behind you.
a speed limit
A speed camera flashes when you exceed the …
to honk an indicator
You can … to warn other drivers. Use your … when you want to get in lane.
a highway the main street a gravel road an alley
You can cruise on the … All shops are on the … Be careful when you drive on that … You can’t drive there. You have to walk through that …
een boete een blinde hoek een file een ongeluk een gordel een verkeersbord een passagier een bestuurder een flitspaal een achteruitkijkspiegel een snelheidsbeperking toeteren een richtingaanwijzer een snelweg de hoofdstraat een grindweg een steegje
Traffic
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3 to drive on the left to overtake another car to wear a seatbelt to have priority to cause an accident to join the motorway to leave the motorway to get in lane to slow down to queue to signal to give way to indicate to park to turn around to turn back to turn left / right to go straight on to exceed the speed limit
In England, people … Check your mirrors before you …
to hit another car
They didn’t give way and …
to be overturned to be a write-off to wait for assistance to pull over
The car … Now it is … Somebody is hurt, they are ..
to exceed to cut off to buckle up to merge
You can’t … the speed limit. That car just … ours, that’s dangerous! Please … before you start the car. If I have to switch lanes, I have to …
You always have to … When you come from the right, you … You can … if you do not respect the road signs. Be careful when you … Make sure you use your indicator when you … We have to turn left, make sure you … Please …, you are exceeding the speed limit. There is a traffic jam, we have to … Make sure you … what you are going to do. Please … to bikers. Please … when you want to leave the motorway. You cannot … your car here. You have to … at the end of the street. We have passed the house, you have to … Please … at the crossroads. Just … at the crossroads. Be careful not to … or you will get a fine.
…, my sister is standing over there.
links rijden een andere auto voorbijsteken een gordel dragen voorrang hebben een ongeluk veroorzaken de autostrade op rijden de autostrade verlaten het juiste vak kiezen vertragen aanschuiven duidelijk maken plaatsmaken de richting aangeven parkeren omdraaien terugdraaien links / rechts afslaan rechtdoor rijden de snelheidsbeperking overschrijden een andere wagen raken omgekanteld zijn total loss zijn op hulp wachten aan de kant gaan staan overschrijden de weg afsnijden de gordels aandoen invoegen, ritsen
Peer pressure a pal a mate a friend an acquaintance a buddy a peer pressure authority confidence a rebel
Do you like writing? I am looking for a pen … He is my neighbour, but he is also my … You are my best … ever! He’s not a friend but I know him. He’s an … I need someone to help me, can you be my study …? My classmates are my … I don’t feel … from my peers. He knows everything about space. He really is an … You can do it! Show some …! I don’t want to do it. I am a …
een vriend een maatje een vriend een kennis een makker een leeftijdsgenoot druk autoriteit vertrouwen een rebel
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282
a principle a stigma a stereotype an opinion negative to encourage to judge to exhaust to agree to abandon to affect
There is just one …: do not harm anyone. A scar can be a … If you think in black and white, you think in … I don’t know what you think, this is my … Look on the bright side of life, don’t be so …! I want you to do it! I … you to do it! You … me because you think I am lazy! I have no energy, this fight … me. I have the same opinion, I … I don’t want to join you, I … you. Bullies … your self-confidence.
to convince to bully to understand to energize to disagree
I will … you to come with me. He always teases other pupils, he is a … Can you explain that again? I don’t … The sun … me, I feel alive and kicking. I don’t think you are right, I …
to participate to ignore to doubt
I want to join you, can I …? I am pretending you are not here, I am … you. I didn’t know what to do, I …
Unit 5 Who let the dogs out?
een principe een stigma een stereotype een mening negatief aanmoedigen een oordeel vellen uitputten het eens zijn verlaten aantasten, invloed hebben op overtuigen pesten begrijpen energie geven van mening verschillen deelnemen negeren twijfelen