DETAIL English 4/2017 - Bioclimatic Construction

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Review of Architecture and Construction Details · Bioclimatic Construction · Vol. 2017 · 4

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∂ Review of Architecture Vol. 4, 2017 • Bioclimatic Construction Editorial office: E-mail: redaktion@detail.de Tel.: +49 (0) 89 38 16 20-57 Dr. Sandra Hofmeister (editor-in-chief, V. i. S. d. P.), Sabine Drey, Andreas Gabriel, Frank ­Kaltenbach, Julia Liese, Michaela Linder, Peter Popp, Maria Remter, Jakob Schoof, Edith Walter, Heide Wessely Christa Schicker (freelance a ­ ssistants) Dejanira Ornelas Bitterer, Marion Griese, Barbara Kissinger, Emese M. Köszegi (drawings) Editorial team DETAIL product ­information: Thomas Jakob, Jenny Clay Tel.: +49 (0)89-38 16 20-0 James Roderick O’Donovan, Alisa Kotmair Marc Selway (English translations) Advertising: E-mail: anzeigen@detail.de Tel.: +49 (0) 89-38 16 20-48 Advertisement Sales Representative Cézanne Sales Services Denise Cézanne-Güttich Rotdornstr. 2 41352 Korschenbroich, Germany T: +49 (0)2182 578 39 73 F: +49 (0)2182 578 39 75 M: +49 (0)172 821 0095 E: dcg_detail@cezannesales.com Distribution and marketing: E-mail: mail@detail.de Tel.: +49 (0) 89-38 16 20-0 Subscription contact and customer service: Vertriebsunion Meynen Grosse Hub 10 65344 Eltville, Germany E-mail: detailabo@vertriebsunion.de Tel.: +49 (0) 61-23 92 38-211 Fax: +49 (0) 61-23 92 38-212 Publisher and editorial office: DETAIL Business Information GmbH Hackerbrücke 6 80335 Munich Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 89-38 16 20-0 Fax: +49 (0) 89-39 86 70 www.detail.de/english

Reports 1 Editorial

Sandra Hofmeister 4

The Small Miracle of Mannheim: Spinelli Participatory Student Building Project in Mannheim Enrico Santifaller

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19th Century Paris: Smart City With Charm Frank Kaltenbach

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Programme • Photo credits • Editorial and publishing data

Discussion 10 Courtyard Houses in China – How Climate Influences Typology

Zhu Tan

Documentation 18 House Renovation in Hanoi

Vo Trong Nghia Architects + Takashi Niwa 22 Cabin for Trekkers in the Okstindan Mountain Range

Jarmund Vigsnæs Arkitekter 28 Student Residence in Mbombela

Cohen and Garson 34 Winter bivouac in the Kanin Mountains

Ofis arhitekti 38 Maternity Waiting Homes in Kasungu

Mass Design Group 44 Research Institute in Cerdanyola del Vallès

Harquitectes, Dataae 52 Community Centre in Rajarhat

SchilderScholte architects 56 Residence in Chacras

Natura Futura Arquitectura

Technology 60 High Comfort – Low Impact: Climate-responsive Design Strategies

Transsolar, Najjar & Najjar Architects, Studio 804

Products 68 76 86 92

Facades Interior Design Solar Power, Solar Protection CAD, Software and BIM

96 Service 102 Persons and organizations involved in the planning • Contractors and suppliers 104 Contributors

Winter bivouac on Mount Kanin in Slovenia: The modules for the Alpine shelter were transported by helicopter to its elevation at 2,260 m. The cabin designed by Ofis arhitekti was quickly installed by assistants on site at the rocky outcrop (pp. 34ff.).

Editorial

Sun, Wind and Climate Zones When we speak of the “context” of architecture, the term usually refers to the built environment or the historical background of a building. But the climatic conditions of a building site are also contextually determined. These require specific concepts that respond to factors such as heat and cold, fluctuations in temperature, and snow loads. Not only elaborate technical solutions are needed in this regard, but also design approaches that integrate climate considerations into the planning and construction process.

Our May issue focuses on bioclimatic construction and introduces projects that have developed strategies for dealing with climatic conditions in order to improve the quality of indoor and outdoor spaces. Instead of costly high-tech solutions, we compiled examples that approach regional conditions with carefully planned, low-tech measures to great effect – from the subtropics in Malawi to the glacier region of Norway and Mediterranean Europe. In Hanoi, a tube-style house by Vo Trong Nghia Architects filters strong sunlight through concrete slats, and allows air to circulate between the floors to ventilate its deep, narrow spaces. To protect from monsoon rains, the Dutch firm SchilderScholte developed a prototypical concept for a community center in Bangladesh, that makes use of local bamboo and drains rainwater off wide roof overhangs, which also provide shade.

Our documentation and technology articles in this issue take you to a variety of climatic regions and countries, from Lebanon to the Alps, Ecuador, and the United States. They present convincing concepts for climate-­responsive building, addressing an important aspect of sustainability that is often overlooked. A complementary perspective on these aspects is provided in our latest issue of Detail green, which is included inside our May issue and ­focuses on timber structures.

We hope it inspires you!

Sandra Hofmeister

redaktion@detail.de

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19th Century Paris: Smart City With Charm

Text: Frank Kaltenbach The exhibition “Paris Haussmann. A Model’s Relevance” presented at the Pavillon de l’Arsenal addresses an aspect of Paris that has until recently received little attention.

Neither the “Grand Projets” nor glorified nostalgia are the theme of this show, but rather the future viability of a holistic urban model from the 19th century.

Ideal City Without a Grid The unique flair of Paris has been described and celebrated in countless paintings, novels, and films. So it is all the more surprising that the Paris we know today can be traced back to a single urban planner, without in the least appearing like a standard, gridbased city. Between 1852 and 1869 upon orders by Napoléon III, Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann, the prefect of the Seine Department, had entire neighborhoods demolished to make room for wide boulevards that sliced through the impenetrable convolution of narrow streets. These would then directly connect magnificent new land-

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marks, such as the Arc de Triomphe, the Opéra, and the Dôme des Invalides. The boulevards were not primarily intended for pedestrian flaneurs, but they were perfect for the swift mobilization of the military forces against a latently rebellious population.

But how well conceived is the Haussmann model in terms of quality of life and efficiency in a rapidly growing metropolis with all of its challenges? According to what rules did the geometric sectioning of the city occur?

How were issues of access and ownership resolved? What measures were taken to ensure comfortable indoor climates, and to determine the necessary residential density?

How does Paris compare in terms of efficiency to other major cities, such as Barcelona or New York? What relevance does the Haussmann model have for urban development today and in the future?

Cartography and Analysis It is no coincidence that the curators of the exhibition are architects. With the Parisian

building projects undertaken through their firm LAN (Local Architecture Network), Benoît ­Jallon and Umberto Napolitano have, like many of their colleagues, confronted the consequences of Haussmannian urban design – with its unusually angular lots and narrow courtyards. Their scientific and very graphically refined analysis, which they prepared together with the architect and engineer Franck Boutté, ­dismantles Haussmann’s Paris into its typical street profiles, plaza proportions, and building typologies.

Here, historical drawings and plans are presented alongside archival and present-day photographs. Particular attention has been given to the ­profile and organization of the ordinary residential block, which in all its variations seems to have resulted incidentally from the large-scale connecting lines of the boulevards that defined its every relationship, from the public space, to the building lot, and the individual apartment unit.

The visible surface of the Haussmannian standard can be found in a catalogue of decorative elements that includes innumerable variations of cast iron railings and balconies, as well as ornamental stonework to frame portals and windows..

Representative, Sustainable, Efficient What is revealed throughout the entire study is summarized at the end in a chapter dedicated to efficiency. From a contemporary perspective, Haussmann’s model city is not only the formal and strategic articulation of representational architecture by a newly assertive monarchy. It is also a future city for industrial society, a sustainable “smart city” – that is in many ways superior to modern urban planning in terms of measurable criteria, such as energy efficiency, space efficiency, living standards, and mobility. With pedestrians comprising 53 % of its overall traffic, Paris surpasses other cities worldwide. Indeed, it has always been suspected that the charming facades of this city of flaneurs would harbor hidden qualities. The exhibition and its accompanying catalogue are thus both a revelation and a confirmation at the same time.

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Exhibition: Pavillon de l’Arsenal, Paris until 4 June, catalogue: Park Books, Zurich, in collaboration with Editions du Pavillon de l’Arsenal, Paris: Benoît Jallon, Umberto Napolitano, Franck Boutté (eds.), Zurich / Paris 2017, text english/french, 264 pages, ISBN 978-3-03860-052-7, € 39,– 1 Place Charles de Gaulle with Arc de Triomphe 2, 3, 5 Rue Eugène Sue et Rue Simart, 18. Arrondissement, 1830 and today 4 View to Arc de Triomphe

Photos: www.detail.de/D5_2017_Haussmann

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Courtyard Houses in China How Climate Influences Typology

Text: Zhu Tan Origin and Basic Elements The courtyard house is an iconic form of traditional Chinese housing, found predominantly in the central and eastern coastal areas of China. Originally based on the agricultural economy, the courtyard house reflects the close relationship between its inhabitants and nature, with variations responding to prevailing climatic conditions.

Built around a central rectangular yard, courtyard houses have relatively generic interior spaces; their actual functions are determined by their position and orientation.

In order to take advantage of sun- light and winds, key spaces are usually located along the main axis of the house and face

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south. Less important and functional rooms are located at lower levels and face north – the cooler and more shaded side of the building. Secondary buildings are located on the courtyard’s two long sides. In this way, the buildings surrounding the courtyard also constitute a hierarchical unit that reflects the traditional Confucian social order. At a larger scale, single-courtyard dwellings are easily combined to form a sizable compound, with the individual courtyard building being flexible enough to accommodate other uses – not just a residence but also government offices, a school, or temple. Able to grow in size and complexity from a single courtyard to a

multi-courtyard compound, and then a village or city, the system represents a unified organic entity. Over the centuries, waves of migration took the courtyard building tradition from more saturated areas to the frontier. While sharing a similar basic pattern, the courtyard house varies in form, proportion, and scale to reveal distinct attributes responding to the circumstances at hand, from geographic and climatic conditions and the availability of local building materials, to different forms of social organization.

Materials and Climate Zones China’s basic construction material in the past time was timber. Traditionally, it was

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Discussion

Ancient city of Beijing Courtyard house in Jinshan Plan and perspective of a typical siheyuan Siheyuan Courtyard Houses in Beijing

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chosen not because the country was particularly rich in timber resources but because people believed that wood could form the most “reasonable” structure.

The ancient ­Chinese grasped the technology of these structures and could easily prepare standardized modular components from cut timber. A durable structure could then be assembled very quickly using joinery or doweling without the need for glue or nails. While timber was usually chosen for the primary structure throughout different regions, the building envelopes differ according to the availability of local materials.

These vary according to climate and geographical conditions, the most common materials being earth (in the form of fired brick, adobe, or rammed earth) and stone.

Siheyuan – Courtyard House in Beijing The Beijing-style siheyuan is found throughout northern China. “Siheyuan” means a quadrangle (si means “four”), a courtyard surrounded by buildings on all four sides.

The city of Beijing has a long history as a center of political activity reaching back thousands of years. As the capital of the Ming and Qing ­Dynasties from the 14th to the 20th centuries, it was established according to planning principles derived from Confucian philosophy. Following these principles, the layout of the city was built according to a strict geometrical pattern: centralized and symmetrical with a clear axis (fig.1).

The Beijing siheyuan inherited the city’s design principles. The standard, single-story siheyuan has three courtyards aligned on the vertical north-south axis and the buildings are arranged symmetrically. The first and third courtyards are narrow, serving as corridors linking the subsidiary functional buildings on the south and north boundaries (fig. 3, 4).

The second courtyard in the middle serves as the main activity space. The building on the axis facing south is for the family elders with their high household status. The secondary buildings on the east and west 5 sides are for the younger generations.

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Community Centre in Rajarhat

Architecture/Photos: SchilderScholte architects The community centre in Rajarhat in northern Bangladesh, built through the aid of the Dutch Pani Foundation, is a low-tech building with a passive climate concept that utilises the resources available on site. The intention is that, in the long term, the project will enable the poor population to achieve economic independence. Adults are trained here to produce products for the regional market, for instance bicycles with bamboo frames, while the children can attend kindergarten and play on the site. The building and its construction method are adapted to suit the subtropical monsoon ­climate. A large roof spans the U-shaped, ground floor slab, which is slightly higher than ground

level, and offers shade and protection from the rain for the two buildings placed beneath it and for the open, veranda-like areas lying between them. The positioning of the volumes and the considerable distance between their ceiling slabs and the underside of the roof ensure natural air circulation. The northern building houses a workshop, a shop and a storage area, while the southern, two-storey building contains the classrooms, toilets and water tanks. An outdoor stairs leads to the upper floor from where a steel footbridge connects to the covered meeting area on the roof of the workshop opposite. The narrow slits in the south façade minimize the amount of sunshine en-

tering the building, while still allowing sufficient airflow so that, in combination with numerous small openings on the northern side, the building can be naturally cross ventilated and the temperature inside the classrooms reduced by several degrees. The complex was erected by construction workers trained especially for this purpose, using mostly locally available materials. The blocks are built of hand-made fired bricks from a nearby brickworks; bamboo poles were used instead of wood for the columns and beams of the roof structure. Poles of the same kind serve as façade cladding, railings and parapets and help give the complex a homogeneous appearance.

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Documentation

Diagram of the climate concept Sections • Floor plans scale 1:400 1 2 3 4

Shop Workshop Storeroom Covered work area Covered plaza Courtyard Classroom Meeting area Footbridge Arcade Storage / water tanks

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Video: www.detail.de/D5_2017_SchilderScholte

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Community Centre in Rajarhat

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Isometric of bamboo pole structure Vertical section Horizontal section scale 1:20 1

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roof construction: .8 mm corrugated metal 0 sheeting, galvanized 75/20 mm mango wood battens top chord of beam 2≈ Ø 40 – 60 mm bamboo poles lower chord, Ø 40 – 60 mm bamboo pole purlins Ø 80 – 110 mm bamboo poles column 2≈ Ø 80 – 110 mm bamboo poles end of pole filled with waterproof mortar

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threaded rod with hexagonal nut bamboo pole Ø 80 – 110 mm footing: Ø 120/5 mm steel tube in ­reinforced concrete construction of ceiling slab to ­upper storey: bamboo battens, halved bamboo matt 3 mm, from 800 mm wide roll roof beam Ø 80 – 110 mm bamboo pole lintel with steel bar reinforcement

10 10 mm clay render 220/100/60 mm brick 10 mm clay render 11 160 mm reinforced concrete slab, polished 12 40 mm sealing layer 13 construction of ground floor: 40 mm cement screed pigmented, polished 220/100/60 mm brick 80 mm brick chippings 400 mm sand bed, compacted 14 Ø 80 – 110 mm bamboo pole to strengthen column

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Technology

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High Comfort – Low Impact: Climate-responsive Design Strategies

Text /Architecture: Transsolar, Najjar & Najjar Architects, Studio 804 If you want to create positive change in the world education is a powerful tool. But what does high standard education need? The educational space and the program itself play a significant role. The four relevant design criteria for a sustainable and supportive environment are air quality, daylighting, thermal comfort, and acoustics. In meeting these exacting requirements buildings with a high intensity of use pose a greater challenge.

The following projects showcase three examples based on comparable design principles: Nasma School and Shams Library, both in Lebanon, and the Forum in Marvin Hall at the University of Kansas.

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Although the three examples may appear different at first glance, they share many similarities. In each project the local climate was first analyzed to understand the potential support offered by nature: sun, wind, and earth. In all cases, the architectural design integrates the most rewarding passive measures, daylight autonomy, and air quality without compromising thermal comfort, while at the same time minimizing the energy required for active measures. All three buildings take advantage of natural ventilation using the physical phenomenon of the stack effect, driven by thermal buoyancy.

The first two low-tech buildings in Lebanon operate by pre-tempering the air in the

ground. This low-cost passive measure can be implemented economically by choosing suitable building materials that are easily obtainable locally. The first building, the temporary refugee school, uses no mechanical systems at all; while the second example, which has higher occupancy levels, uses fans to supplement ventilation. In comparison, the Forum at Marvin Hall exploits the same physical principles, but takes a somewhat more high-tech approach. The building mechanically adapts to outside conditions. Its double skin facade creates a buffer zone that utilizes seasonal temperature differences and allows ventilation that is, for the most part, natural.

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All three buildings were designed and realized by young architects and engineers during their training, providing the students with a unique interdisciplinary learning opportunity. This gave them useful experience for their subsequent professional life. But above all the project imbued them with a sense of responsibility and offered them an opportunity to shape their future in a positive way.

Nasma – a breeze of hope Millions of Syrians have been displaced by the ongoing civil war; alone 1.2 million are registered as refugees in Lebanon. Not only are these refugees traumatized, as they

Nasma School in Borj Qalaouiye (Libanon) Najjar & Najjar Architects

have lost their homes and the basis of their existence but educational opportunities for the younger generation are also lacking. A recent UNHCR educational assessment indicated that 80 per cent of Syrian refugee children do not attend school. The makeshift schools provided face many difficulties. The seasonal temperature extremes frequently lead to cancelation of classes.

Conventional heating and cooling appliances are often inefficient, costly, and difficult to obtain. The cramped, dark spaces in the simple buildings rarely have good ventilation and the poor acoustics make it even more difficult for the pupils to learn. Najjar Najjar Architects, Transsolar Academy, and

A Schematic illustration of energy and comfort concept B South elevation with solar collectors to create thermal buoyancy C Results of measuring temperature and relative humidity August/September 2016 D Clay plaster in the interior E Vertical section, scale: 1:50 F Roof insulation / construction phase G Fitting out interior /construction phase Transsolar KlimaEngineering operates worldwide as consultant for climate responsive building design. Its Transsolar Academy offers oneyear educational grants for young architects and engineers.

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3 mm trapezoidal steel sheet, galvanised, reflective, roof membrane, 80 mm timber T-sections, between them 80 mm pine needle insulation, raffia mat 400 mm truss made from timber/PVC sections 30 mm solar chimney, matt black metal 30 mm PVC trapezoidal sheeting, translucent PVC-net, 100 mm pine needles as insulation 600 mm vertical element of frame made from timber / PVC sections, between them PP woven bag filled with 400 mm earth 40 mm clay plaster 150 mm earth 200 mm hollow concrete blocks

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Interior Design

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Perennial appeal of flower forms The Iris lighting range from MacMaster Design captures the characteristics of this showy flower and is described as ideal for any space that would benefit from both a sculpture and a light. All the pieces are handmade and available in oak, walnut or bespoke timber finishes. The wall light seen above measures 63 cm in height, 50 cm wide and 11 cm deep.

In the same range, the floor lamp consists of curved laminations of timber that echo the shape of iris leaves. There are two sizes, the tallest standing approximately 195 cm high and 50 cm in diameter at its widest point. A structured yet organic form is created by the arrangement of the leaves and allows light to graduate upwards from within the interior of the lamp. The design is also available as a pendant light and table lamp. www.macmasterdesign.com

A study in putting on the style

Natural good looks of oak flooring

The 100th anniversary of the De Stijl movement was celebrated at this year’s Salone del Mobile in Milan. An exhibition entitled Masterly: The Dutch in Milano at the Palazzo Francesco Turati marked the movement and in particular the artist Piet Mondrian. Dutch designer Karel Bodegom made use of the Thonet S 1200 desk to present three interpretations of the artist’s early abstract work.

Hexparket by Carpenter & Hartmann is a new parquet floor from Junckers, made of solid oak. The hexagonal staves are laid to form an intricate design mimicking nature’s own geometric pattern based on equilateral triangles. The staves measure 370 mm on all sides and are 20.5 mm thick. They have a groove on each side, and an accompanying loose tongue is used in the installation process. Made in Harmony, which is Junckers’ most popular timber grade, the flooring has a natural appearance with a warm and golden glow, few knots and some colour and structural graining variation between the individual tiles.

Bodegom worked with rectangular blocks in different sizes and materials as well as the primary colours that reference Mondrian’s artistic oeuvre. Top, these typical shapes are separated by lines made with printer ink.

Dark cherrywood establishes a strong contrast with the natural and black rectangles.

His second piece featured red, blue and yellow blocks, whilst the third in leather and wool felt gave a tactile effect; hinting at the artist’s introverted character, a secret drawer was also added within this design.

With its tubular steel frame, the S 1200 developed in 2014 was an appropriate choice, as the first experiments by Thonet with tubular steel coincided with the 1920s heyday of De Stijl. The desk is a lightweight, compact and versatile workstation for home use. www.thonet.de

It is delivered with an untreated surface to be finished on site with either a lacquer or oil. The graphic look and clean, sharp lines of the new Hexparket is counterbalanced by the natural beauty and texture of the timber, resulting in a lively, elegant floor. The company’s extensive offering covers a wide range of wood species, floor types, colours and textures, and all are guaranteed for use with underfloor heating. www.junckers.co.uk

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CAD, Software and BIM

Upgraded software is designed to be faster and easier to share with clients Vectorworks 2017 BIM software includes more than 100 updates designed to simplify and speed up workflows and enhance project sharing, with over 70 % of the features stemming from direct user feedback. The Resource Manager enables designers to create, find, edit and apply desired resources to their projects. Offering direct browsing of resources from multiple content locations, this new feature also includes all the Service Select libraries for subscription users.

With advanced door and window object styles, architects have improved flexibility in design processes when modifying the style, data and geometry of doors and windows in their models and producing accurate worksheets in a few quick clicks. The improvements simplify BIM workflows and management of sweeping model changes. The Slab Drainage tool allows designers to create sloped slabs and flat roofs featuring tapered components. This feature will help inform design decisions, document all essential data and allow for easy change management across a given BIM design.

Cloud integration allows project files to be saved in Dropbox, OneDrive, Google Drive and Box. There are also more options to customise multiuser workflows with the abili-

ty to check out individual objects or layers.

Professionals can easily share designs with clients and collaborators using the software’s immersive web view and virtual reality features – this generates a link that allows anyone, anywhere, to view and experience models in 3D on any device without any additional hardware.

The company has just announced version 2.5 of the SimTread pedestrian simulation add-on for its 2017 software, available to purchase separately. Created by Japanese distributor A&A Co Ltd, in partnership with Waseda University and Takenaka Corporation, the software helps in simulating and analysing a variety of crowd-control needs such as building egress and traffic flow.

Updates include a more detailed analysis that offers the ability to efficiently add timedependent events like evacuations as well as account for needs of different occupants, such as individuals in wheelchairs.

Vectorworks Architect is claimed to have the largest number of import and export capabilities in the industry, allowing designers to seamlessly collaborate and share with all involved in the design process from concept to construction in one platform. From 2D

drafting and 3D modelling to creating coordinated construction documents and fully developed BIM models, its broad set of design and BIM capabilities allow architects to do more than just information modelling, whilst increasing productivity and unlocking creativity, states the company.

The third annual Vectorworks Design Summit, aimed at professionals, educators and students in the AEC, landscape and entertainment industries, runs from September 18 to 20 at the Baltimore Marriott Waterfront Hotel in Maryland, USA. The conference will include three days of industry sessions, technical support, networking events and keynote addresses, as well as hands-on training opportunities.

Session and training topics span a variety of areas, including the basics of Building ­Information Modelling (BIM), moving from 2D to 3D modelling, water-efficient landscape design, working with DWG files and graphical scripting. For full details including registration and accommodation costs, use the ‘design-summit’ website below. www.vectorworks.co.uk www.vectorworks.net/design-summit

Contributors

Zhu Tan Zhu Tan studied architecture and architectural theory in Beijing before coming to Milan in 2009 for her PhD at the Politecnico di Milano. Since 2014 she has been working as an architect and urban planner with Recs Architects in Milan, and consults the studio on ­Chinese projects. She has been an adjunct professor at the Politecnico di Milano since 2014/15. Zhu Tan has researched extensively on traditional Chinese building typologies and co-authored the book “Habitat.

Vernacular ­Architecture for a Changing Planet” (London: Thames & Hudson, 2017), which will be published in German by Detail this October. In the current issue of Detail, she explains the relationship between the ­typology of Chinese courtyard houses and regional climatic conditions (see pp. 10ff).

Studio 804 Sustainable, affordable, and inventive – these are the operating principles of Studio 804, a not-for-profit corporation. The University of Kansas Department of Architecture offers the nine-month program to graduate students, professional architects, and all others who wish to deepen their practical knowledge. Every year one building is produced, in which the participants carry out all aspects, from the initial design to construction, detailing, permits, cost control, landscape, and more. The initiative was founded 22 years ago. Today the Studio 804 portfolio includes nine LEED Platinum buildings and three passive house-certified projects (see pp. 60ff). www.studio804.com

Habitat: Vernacular Architecture for a Changing Planet Thames & Hudson Ltd, London 2017

Rames und Karim Najjar For Rames und Karim Najjar, planning and construction is more than just building design. The brothers see research and experimentation as an integral part of their work.

Rames has been a professor in Innsbruck since 2014 and Karim currently teaches architecture and design at the American University in Beirut. In 1999, they co-founded Najjar Najjar Architects, with offices in Vienna and Beirut. Their projects include the UNESCO Marine and World Heritage Center in Krems an der Donau and the Semperit F&E building, for which they developed a system to produce double curved facades.

Najjar Najjar are also working on the design of buildings for refugees. As part of an interdisciplinary team with Transsolar Academy and SAWA, a Lebanese NGO, they are currently developing a pilot project that uses climate-responsive design strategies to construct a model school for refugee children (see pp. 60ff). www.najjar-najjar.com

Imprint

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Review of Architecture + Construction Detail Published by: DETAIL Business Information GmbH Hackerbrücke 6, 80335 Munich, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)89-38 16 20-0 www.detail.de PO Box: Postfach 20 10 54, 80010 Munich, Germany Managing director: Karin Lang Publishing director: Claudia Langert Editorial team: (address as above) Tel.: +49 (0)89-38 16 20-57 E-mail: redaktion@detail.de Dr. Sandra Hofmeister (editor-in-chief, (V. i. S. d. P.)), Sabine Drey, Andreas Gabriel, Frank Kaltenbach, Julia Liese, Michaela Linder, Peter Popp, Maria Remter, Jakob Schoof, Edith Walter, Heide Wessely Dejanira Ornelas Bitterer, Marion ­Griese, Barbara Kissinger, Emese M. Köszegi (drawings) Editorial team DETAIL product ­information: Thomas Jakob, Jenny Clay Tel.: +49 (0)89-38 16 20-0 English translations: James Roderick O’Donovan, Alisa Kotmair Marc Selway Production /DTP: Peter Gensmantel (manager), Michael Georgi, Cornelia Kohn, Andrea Linke, Roswitha Siegler, Simone Soesters Distribution & Marketing: Kristina Weiss (manager).

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Cover 4_2017: Cabin for Trekkers in the Okstindan Mountain Range Architects: Jarmund Vigsnæs Arkitekter Black-and-white photos indroducing main sections: page 3: Spinelli Participatory Student Building Project in Mannheim Architects: Studentengruppe Atelier U20/TU Kaiserslautern page 9: Courtyard Houses in Anhui page 17: Residence in Chacras Architects: Natura Futura Arquitectura page 59: Marvin Hall, University of Kansas Architects: Studio 804 page 67: Community Centre in Rajarhat Architects: SchilderScholte architects

Photo Credits Photos for which no credit is given were either provided by the respective architects or they are product photos from the DETAIL archives. pp. 1, 37: Ofis arhitekti pp. 3 – 5: Yannick Wegner pp. 6, 7 top, 7 bottom: LAN p. 7 middle: Frank Kaltenbach pp. 9, 11 bottom, 13, 14 top, 14 bottle: Christian Schittich pp. 10 top: from: Yeju He (Ed.), Historical research of architecture.

China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing 1992, p. 101 (Orig. Chin.) p. 11 top: from: Qijun Wang: Series of Chinese ancient architecture: Volume 5. Vernacular dwellings.

China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing & Kwang Fu Book Enterprises, Taipeh 1993, p. 144 (Orig. Chin.) p. 10 bottom: Jianbing Lee / Shutterstock.com p. 12 top left: from: Zhiping Liu, Qiming Wang: Brief history of Chinese residential architecture: City, Residence, Garden.

China Architectur & Building Press, Beijing 2000, p. 149 (Orig. Chin.) p. 12 top right: from: Jinping Wang, Qiang Xu, Weiping Han: Series of Chines vernacular architecture: Vernacular houses in Shanxi province.

China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing 2009, p. 181 – 182 (Orig. Chin.)

p. 12 bottom: Yangchao/Shutterstock.com p. 14 middle: from: Qiuxiang Li, Deyin Luo, Jun Jia: Chinese vernacular house: Vernacular houses in north China. Tsinghua university press.

Beijing 2010, p. 75 – 76 (Orig. Chin.) p. 15 top: from: Hao Huang Series of Chinese vernacular architecture: Vernacular houses in Jiangxi province.

China Architectur & Building Press, Beijing 2008, p. 54 (Orig. Chin.) p. 15 bottom: Dennis Helmar/Peabody Essex ­Museum p. 16 top: from: Qijun Wang, Series of Chinese ancient architecture: Volume 5.

Vernacular dwellings. China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing & Kwang Fu Book Enterprises, Taipeh 1993, p. 148 (Orig. Chin.) p. 16 bottom: Ling Li pp. 17, 56 – 58: Eduardo Cruz y Natura Futura pp. 19 – 21: Hoang Le p. 23: Tommy Eliassen pp. 22, 26 top, 27: Svein Arne Brygfjeld p. 24, 25, 26 bottom: Jan Inge Larsen p. 28 – 33: Richard Wilson pp. 34 – 36: Janez Martincic pp. 38 – 43: Iwan Baan pp. 44, 45, 46 bottom, 48 – 50, 51 bottom: Adrià Goula pp. 46 top, 47, 51 top: Harquitectes, Dataae pp. 52 – 55, 67: SchilderScholte architects pp. 59, 64 bottom, 65 middle, 65 bottom: James Ewing pp. 60 bottom, 61 top right, middle, bottom: Lea Najjar pp. 60 top, 61 top left, 63 top right, 64 top left, 65 top: Transsolar Energietechnik GmbH pp. 62, 63 top left, bottom: DI-Lab pp. 64 top right, 66: courtesy of Studio 804 p. 69 top, bottom centre, right: AACMA /11h45 p. 74 top, bottom right: ACME Architects p. 76 top: Andrew Beasley p. 88 top, bottom left: David Matthiessen Vectorworks etc p. 92: Vectorworks, Inc p. 94 top right, bottom right: Rachel Reeves Design for Harvey ­Norman Architects