Distribution of Bioluminescence

Now, we know what is bioluminescent so let us talk about how these organisms are distributed in the sea taking from the surface to the depth of the sea.

Bioluminescence distributed in seas

As Bioluminescence is widely occurring in living organism of open seas that includes fishes, jellies, crustaceans and bacteria’s and in various other organisms including insect. As reported in a science report of “Quantification of bioluminescence” that around 76% of the main group of organisms in the deep seas emits their light, and as per the research by Biologists on Light emission in the deep seas resulted that most of the marine creatures create blue and green light and few of the creature emit red, yellow and infrared lights (Haddock, Moline, & Case, 2010) (John S. Sparks, 2014)

The most beautiful that attracts people from all around the world to come and experience the glittering stars of the sea that sparkle at night when disturbed this happens due to the presence of the Dinoflagellates a bioluminescent organism that sparkle when they are disturbed (Haddock, Moline, & Case, 2010). The other bacteria responsible to create Milky sea effect in the thousands of square miles on the ocean that shines are the Mareel bacteria. (Ross, 2005)

Bacterial Symbioses

Bioluminescence is already produced by the organisms by their own although few organisms may not emit the light so they might generate it from outside source where the bioluminescence is produced by the bacterial symbionts that have symbiotic relations with the host organism, and these bacteria are majorly found in all over the sea living freely or acting as a bioluminescent for other marine creatures in a symbiotic relationship for example, Fish, Squids, Crustaceans etc. these creature are the host for the bacteria, Few bacteria’s that illuminate in the sea are Photobacterium and Vibrio genera (Miyamoto, Skouris, Hosseinkhani, Lin, & Meighen, 2002)

The symbiotic relationship benefits bacterium to grow with all source of nourishment, these hosts obtain these bacteria from their environment, or these bacteria evolve with the host. (Baker, et al., 2019)

Pelagic Zone

These organisms and different levels of the seas are divided into the Zones.

Pelagic zone has reported to have the massive Bioluminescence, these organisms are concentrated at the depth of the sea during the light time and comes to the surface at the night. This is the act of participation in diurnal vertical migration from the depth of the seas to the surface of the sea during night, this act hence led to disperse the population of organisms across the Pelagic Zones of the water.

Benthic Zone

Benthic zone is studied in mesopelagic zone where widely range of bioluminescence species are located, but this zone has remained unknown due to some constraints the benthic habitat beyond the depth of mesopelagic were unable to understood with the constraints. The bioluminescence in this zone is less common as compared to pelagic zone where light emission is undisturbed in the sea. The studies of benthic realm or zone had been difficult as the collection of all of the species and other organisms living in depth were not properly studied. (Johnsen, Frank, Haddock, Widder, & Messing, 2012)