Depletion of Corals (Graduation Project)

Fading Cities Of Underwater

Depletion

of

Corals

“This Document is about my approach towards the life of coral reefs and its importance of existence in our world”

“Fading Cities Of Underwater” Depletion of Corals

Himanshu Tiwari

Ananya Agarwal

2022

Himanshu Tiwari

A C K N O W L E DG EMEN T

If only it is easy to express my gratitude to the universe for where I stand today on a page!

I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to Ms. Ananya Agrawal, my mentor for my Final Design Project, for her constant patience, support, encouragement, and taking out her precious time. She provided me with valuable insights throughout my project for every question and for each doubt I came across. Ananya was always there to talk things through. It is appreciable and an honor to work and study under her guidance. Also, I would like to thank her for being there throughout like a friend with utmost interest in my project. Thank you! A Heartfelt thank you to the people who supported me with their stories and sur veys for this project.

My guide, Mr. Tushar Kaladharan. I would also like to thank you for a supportive timeline for our project that carried us to the completion of this project also, thank you for sharing valuable inputs that helped me to figure out things when I was stuck within the process.

I am thankful to ever y facult y member who has inspired me and t a u g h t m e a t T D V. A l s o , m y f r i e n d s a n d f a m i l y h a v e s h o w n m e a d i f f e r e n t p e r s p e c t i ve a n d h e l p e d m e w i t h t h e i r i n s i g h t s o n my p r o j e c t .

My journey as a design student has been glared by inspiring classes and courses, a contagious enthusiasm for learning and doing with a smile, paying attention to, caring, and loving ever y single move I took so far, that constructed not only my Design perspectives but also my personality to take up the challenges as an efficient designer in this real world.

Himanshu Tiwari BID/ 4th year

C O N TE N TS

16 Introduction Initial Proposal Initial Brief

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The Beginning

short summary is the reflection of topic of the document

What are Coral Why are they Depleting What people are doing about it Why should I care What can we do about it

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Brainstorming and Findings

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Analysing Audience

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Directional Research

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Diving Through Direction Coral Cultural Aspects Coral Bleaching Vulnerable Indian Coral

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Concept Generation

16 Fascinating stories of native people and the loss of corals through bleaching

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Connected with the unconnected parts of two worlds Are Corals Treasure To Us?

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Statements

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My Target Audience My Appraoch

statements derived from concepts and directions

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through what medium I can connect to my audience

Initial Ideations Treasure Trove Bioscope Coral Canvas Interactive Walkthrough

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Ideation Development (post mid-term) Structure of Idea Identified Reef Stakeholders Survey Analysis of Survey

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Platform & Clients Scale of Project Platform Respective Client

where is my idea applicable, who will proceed my idea for development

59 13 Iteration and exploration to reach here

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Final Concept Prototyping ( AR, Ceramic Corals, Projection Mapping )

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User Interaction

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Developing Prototype & Material Exploration Technical Support for Projection Collection of Assets for AR Display Area Types of corals for Ceramic Coral Explorations ( AR, Projection) Ceramic Coral Porcess Ceramic Corals

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Epilogue

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References

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Special Credits

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Project Development Tools Bioluminescent in the Ocean

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INT RO D U C TI O N

It has been more than two years where everyone was going through the pandemic, everywhere on social media, news, etc., somewhere we lost the huge aspect of global warming or climatic condition that are worsening day by day.

Why am I talking about these issues is ultimately related to the topic that I choose to work upon, from my childhood I have grown up watching the Nat Geography channel which made me share a close attachment and love towards biodiversity, I could feel an attachment to the plants and animals whether they are on land or in depths of water.

Likewise, the beautiful and magnificent looking plants of water which are “corals” exactly are not plants but a hard structure of calcium carbonate covered with algae and corals polyps are tiny organisms that together form into a Coral Reef.

Why randomly I am talking about Corals? Because My Final Design Project is on “Depletion Of Corals”, how did I reached this topic is something interesting and might sound like a story still It was the time when we as a batch appeared for a course 14

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which was ‘Documentation Techniques’ my topic for the documentation was the “Lights of Underwater” which was about the bioluminescence underwater which was p ro d u ce d by t h e m a r i n e animals and planktons who can emit their own light underwater or on the surface of the seas while researching and delving more into the study of bioluminescence I came across some of the most beautiful complex structures of the sea that strikes the memory of my childhood when I used to watch Nat geographic channel and I used to call those structures as the plants of the sea that were “Corals”. After the completion of the course, I had developed a relationship with marine life and I believe as it was said “The Sea, Once It Casts Its Spell, Holds One in Its Net of Wonder Forever.” (Cousteau) Likewise, when we were open to choose our own topic for the Final Design Project, my first preference or call was to work on “Ocean Warming” and how it was affecting marine biodiversity. Considering Ocean Warming as a domain I have to select a niche to

work upon, so I researched and found that Corals were highly affected by ocean warming, I was finding myself in a loop where every time I encounter myself Corals. I had also established two to three topics for my Final Project which were first, “Emerging arts and culture of city Kanpur”’ and second, Young generation lose track to food wastage, choosing a topic after discussing with my faculties, I found somehow, I was inclined towards the topic of Underwater gem that are Corals. So, I decided to work upon Coral Depletion as my topic, where my approach would be awaking people and educating them about the existence of the Corals in our world and how can I take this step further not just educating about its existence but also make them experience something as magical and magnificent to­­their world that is corals.­

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Photo by David Clode on Unsplash

INITIAL P RO P O S A L

Raising a Concern : Corals are dying around the world because of organic and non-organic pollution, coral mining, blast fishing, digging canals & warming oceans. The disappearance could lead to a domino effect of mass destruction where many marine species may vanish after their only source of food and shelter disappears forever.

Why should I highlight this?

Corals protect coastlines from storms and erosion, provide a job for locals and also offer recreation. They are known to be a source of food and new medicines, where over half a billion people depend on reefs for food, income, and protection. It led to tourism, offering employment to the locals. Fascinated to work on this project and highlight the issue in public about its depletion and make light on how important is the coral in the marine ecosystem that gives life to the diverse species, is home to many marine organisms almost the habitat for many marine life organisms In India, corals are depleted to around 80km/sq. due to destructive fishing and about 10 percent of corals are depleted.

They are known to be existing from 400 million years something as old and ancient are resourceful to us and counted in a natural resource they are home to 4000 species of marine animals and know to be the worlds largest complex biological living structure. They regulate the Co2 level from the oceans and it is said that around 70% to 80% of oxygen that we breathe comes from ocean so something that essential to all livelihood whether they live in the world of depths or on the world of land must conserve the corals.

Initial Approach The issue could be addressed through various mediums, making a maximum impact and compelling people to take a step forward. My approach can be experiential and interactive that can talk about the stories of these coral reefs and carry out its concerns. Indian corals must be highlighted, through increased tourism and employment can help to manage the coral’s issue of Indian oceans, my role can add value by designing experiential tourism or designing a system for the welfare of the corals.

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INITIAL BRI EF

Initially I started with the statement where I would like to explore coral reefs depletion in activism space where people must be aware of the issue and to trigger them emotionally to take actions.

Ceramic structure is a part of prototype, this colourless structure represent dead corals.

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T h e Be g i n n i ng W h at & W hy ?

Let’s dive in the secrets of underwater world of corals.

Research and information collection through reports and articles shared on the official websites and by the marine organisations.

Overview of Corals

What are corals?

They are the underwater ecosystem, habitat of thousands of marine species, formed by coral polyps which are connected with calcium carbonate to form a reef. Coral polyps are held by calcium carbonate which helps them to construct a huge structure into a reef. Polyps grow slowly by forming different shapes and sizes as per their species.

The single-celled algae that live in their tissues use sunlight to break down it into sugar to feed the polyps, in return corals are providing algae a safe environment to live in, this is often said as a 18

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symbiotic relationship called mutualism, that benefits both corals and the algae.

Corals have green-brown color from the algae, but many corals appear more colorful and brighter. Why? Because they also produce protein pigments, which can have a variety of colors that reflects purple, blue, green, and red, also some of the pigments turn corals into fluorescent. They absorb one color of light from the spectrum and reflect the other color instead of what they absorb for example if they absorb the blue color then they might reflect it into Green or Red.

color then they might reflect it into Green or Red.

Light Spectrum

Photo by Chris Reyem on Unsplash

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Why are they d ep le t i ng ?

Causes of destruction

Well, there are many causes of depletion which ranges from global to local impacts, but here are a few of them which are mostly highlighted as the cause of depletion.

Because of the Ocean warming, Global warming, and Greenhouse gas emission, and rising temperature of waters that are leading to coral bleaching and ultimately murdering them in the water it self.

They are disturbed directly by physical damages that include dredging, quarrying, b o a t a n c h o r s , re c re a t i o n a l m is u s e , lack of knowledge (they must not be touched or removed), and local causes like the methods of fishing that include Blast Fishing or overfishing which are making the most destruction of corals.

Even Pollution originates on land but it somehow reaches the waters, as there are many activities on land which are the direct source of pollution to the water regions where they are exposed to waste, chemicals and plastics.

They have become vulnerable to the effects of human activities, both from direct exploitation of these resources and through indirect impacts from Human activities on their land and in the coastal areas, many of the human-made activities contaminate the coral reefs which are tangibly woven through the social-cultural and economic condition of regional or coastal communities.

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W h at a r e p eop l e d o i ng ?

Here are some of the studies that showcases the work of other people for the welfare or conservation of corals around the globe.

Precedent Study

Hi Fly, Mirpuri Foundation Hi fly, airline drew a heart in the sky as a final tribute to the Mirpuri Foundation and the “Save the Coral Reefs” campaign, raising awareness of the need to protect our oceans, that showcased painted marine ecosystem on airbus where one side represent marine life and other destroyed corals which also exhibited a strong statement of cause and the urgency to act and inspire the change of collective behaviors. (world, 2020)

Ceramic Coral Reef ARTIST COURTNEY MATTISON DETAILS THE BEAUTY, AND BLEACHING, OF CORAL REEFS Courtney Mattinson made beautiful coral sculptures on wall with these fragile looking structure that represent the bleaching, depletion of corals from colorful and diverse, too sickened as a result of human-caused climate change.

(Earthday.org, 2020) Depletion Of Corals

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Coral Arena OMA, charlotte Taylor and Nicholas Preaud present NFT of the ‘coral arena’ sculpture in Miami

Coral arena, Is a nft of coral sculpture.

The idea of reef line was an underwater sculpture park that provide habitat to endangered species and protect coastline of Miami. When rigidly geometric sculpture blooms from natural growth of corals on its surface will create a new corals ecosystem. (designboom)

Mulyana’s Fragile Ecologies The Indonesian artist continues his playful and eccentric approach to marine life conservation.Artist creates installation of figures with cloaked corals and algae from fibres for marine conservation. His inspiration embark from climatic issues and isolation. (Mulyana)

Snapchat S N A P C H AT + G R E AT B A R R I E R R E E F FO U N DAT I O N L AU N C H C A M PA I G N TO PROTECT WORLD’S LARGEST REEF SYSTEM

Environmental pledge in Augmented Realit y (AR) via a unique Water Segment ation Lens.

The Lens demonstrates the impact of climate change on the Reef, and how Aussies can act to help protect it. (GREEN, 2021) 22

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Reef Design Lab Reef designlab is a design company that creates coastal habitat infrastruc ture and ar tificial reefs.

They develop techniques for enhancing the ecological performance of marine structures and the idea is to enhance performance of corals ecosystem. (Lab, n.d.)

An Underwater Art Museum Artist Jason deCaires Taylor is creating sculptures to help promote reef growth.

By submerging huge sculptures in the ocean with the intention that everything that is submerged under water will eventually have coral growing on, or around it. (Taylor, n.d.)

Playing for the Planet Alliance The online game showcases the plight of our planet’s disappearing coral reefs.

Integrating green activation in games, reducing their emission.

UNEP has been working with the gaming industry to explore how, through their massive reach, they can inspire young people to learn and act in support of the environment. (programme, n.d.)

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W h y s ho u l d I c a re?

Why should i care about corals, How are these anyway important to us?

Coral is a treasure

C o r al is a p ar t of t h e mar in e ecosystem which is the home of thousands of species and living organisms under water, they are existing for 400 million years which is an ancient as well as unique in itself, they are the largest ancient structure on earth within the biological origin and the mos t complex sys tem.

What it will be like living without trees or a home likewise fishes depend on the corals and corals in return protect them Coral sustains biodiversity it also protects the coastlines from a hurricane or natural disaster rising from the sea, it has an economic significance which provides employment and earnings for locals, tourism, and extremely essential source of medication that treat some of the life taking diseases like cancer, arthritis, and cardiac diseases.

Photo by Matteo Vella on Unsplash

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W h at c a n w e do about it?

Conservation programmes, campaign happening everywhere but awareness for the corals are still lacking and to take action Initial Possibilities

Ways To Preserve •Conservation of water, reduce pollution by doing our part as much as possible •Educating the young generation about the important resource of our world •Cutting carbon emissions and limiting the use of chemicals •Reduce activities like over or blast fishing, waterfront development and opposing dredging projects near reef •Promoting the brands, organisations working for corals welfare.

•Stop overfishing as fishes can be sustainably sourced

Initial Mediums to Preserve •People must evidence the beauty and appearance of worlds largest biological structure while experiencing what are corals one must emotionally attach with the causes.

•Campaigns, Social gathering promoting the talks about why is coral important, what is our role towards them •Educating through storytelling which can even possible through various mediums or arts where one can experience the life of corals and the marine organism habitat •Supporting companies who are actively working to reduce emission.

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Brain s t o r m i ng a n d F i n d i n g s What is the significance of corals in our ecosystem and environment?

Leading research and brainstorm

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An a ly s i n g A ud i en ce

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Direct i o n a l Res ea r c h Directions I extracted from my initial research and made connections to develop the narratives and patterns with possible mediums, to proceed further under a constructive domain. Some of the connections I found are as follows

Segregated Research

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Div in g i n t o Direct i o n s Inclined/fascinated towards Cultural aspects and Aesthetics of corals.

Research and source of concepts from cultural and aesthetic life of corals Overview of Corals

Coral Cultural Aspects

THE MEDITERRANEAN RED CORAL These are used from a very early date, for decoration and as a protective charm. It was considered that In the 1st century, Pliny the Elder records both its use as a charm to protect children and its scarcity as a result of its export to India also, In the second half of the 19th century, teething rings were still being made with coral. But now these red corals are used for jewelry and decorative purposes This trade-in the hard coral stone was estimated to be worth around 200 million dollars a year

SPIRITUAL ATTRIBUTES OF CORALS Corals have a pride of place among the nine astrological gemstones.

That makes the value of these corals as a piece of jewelry, also they are valued in other fields such as astrology, medicine, and healing, because they are known to be having a certain spiritual identity there are ways to wear them for complete benefit, they need to be worn with correct spiritual knowledge.

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NATIVE PEOPLE LIVING NEAR CORAL REEFS AND THEIR CULTURAL BELIEFS

Sinai Peninsula Egypt Yidinji people, the Great Barrier Reef Native Hawaiians India, Onges, the Great Andamanese, and the Jarawas, sentinelese Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander

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Fascinating stories and beliefs of Native People Stories that fascinated me to know more about their culture and values for corals.

The Beginning of Life

Hawaiian Beliefs Hawaiian people have a deep connection to land and sea with a personal attachment to the nature as they think that all life are interrelated, with a belief from the ancient chant Kumulipo explains how life began, this chant is more than two thousand lines which are practiced and shared over generations as it was said that it begins with cosmic darkness. The chant tells that Ko’a which is a coral polyp was the first organism created which was followed by seastar, cucumber, and urchins each with increasing complexity, They consider coral as Akua that provide birth & death to both people and the island.

This chant also teaches that life in the sea and on land are inexorably connected as what is done on land shows the impact on the seas too. They recognize that these organisms are the building block of all life shared on earth, and it is our Kuleana (responsibility) to preserve and protect all living organisms as we all come from the same night, slime, from the coral polyps.

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The Great Barrier Reef Stories of its creation

100m

150m

The story by Yadinji People, According to the creation myth of the Yidinji people, the Great Barrier Reef was formed after Bhiral, The Creator, threw lava from the sky. As the story goes, Bhiral was angered after two brothers went out fishing, and speared a particular fish that they had been told not to hunt.

It was said the creator placed a huge fantasy fish in the ocean to regulate the ecosystem, but the greed of the two brothers broke the law by spearing the fish for their needs by which the creator in anger threw the burning lava into the ocean and the sea level to rise and when it cools down it becomes the great barrier reef.

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Coral Bleaching Vulnerable condition of the corals, Bleaching affects the decoloration of corals into a white calcium carbonate structure, also called the coral skeleton.

Aesthetic Loss

How exactly this happens?

Coral bleaching happens when algae leave the structure and corals started to fade away into a white skeleton until it looks bleached, due to the rise of temperature of waters, pollution, and other causes and if the structure can not develop algae again it will ultimately die.

Corals are fragile and sensitive to temperature changes, and pollution which affects photosynthesis and calcification of their structures, making them prone to diseases and even death.

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TRIGGERS OF CORAL BLEACHING

Heat Wave/ Natural Disaster

Many causes threaten the corals and demolish their beauty, for example, pollution from plastics, anti-fouling paint, leaking fuels, and cosmetics or health care products that we use are generally combined with a chemical that leads to coral bleaching.

Not only does pollution through chemicals threaten coral but some careless activities also damage corals like the untrained divers can trample fragile corals, lack of knowledge to the visitors can hamper the life of corals also, and practices like blast fishing by using dynamite or explosives can stress out corals so in most cases corals expel their zooxanthellae and if not recovered from shock they might die.

Increased greenhouse gases from deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, and heavy use of chemical gases can cause the temperature to rise, and change storm patterns and this contributes to the rise in sea level.

These changes cause more coral bleaching. While destruction from storms, tsunamis, and other natural causes.

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ITS IMPACT ON WILDLIFE What is the impact of coral bleaching on wildlife, as it was mentioned that coral is a home for 4000 species of marine organisms whose existence belongs to corals? Due to coral bleaching effects, species may face extinction and there might be a disturbance in the ocean food chains. The reef can no longer provide shelter, spawning ground, and protection to those organisms hence it may lead to vast destruction in the marine ecosystem.

Photo by Francesco Ungaro on Unsplash

ITS IMPACT ON HUMANS What is the impact of bleaching on humans, well as it was stated in a report that coral bleaching impacts people’s livelihood, food security and safety, and safety from the waves and storms as coral plays the role of an obstacle to these natural causes arising from the sea to the coastal regions?

When corals are bleached that means there will be hardly any life left which means depriving in fishes species that are the primary source of income or food for the locals. Not just it is considerable for locals but the larger part of tourism also pays a great debt, how?

Tourism brings billions of dollars each year that supports the employment/job to many if corals are bleached then the earnings and employment can be at risk.

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Vulnerable Indian Corals El Niño was heart-wrenching for Indian corals were at their most vulnerable stage.

El Nino Events

The most heart-wrenching events happened to Indian corals, the team of Indian researchers warned about the rising temperatures which we are already going through. They analyzed data collected from the sea surface since 1982, has found that three mass bleaching events occurred that impacted five major Indian coral reef regions, Andaman, Nicobar, Lakshadweep, G u l f o f M a n n a r, a n d K u t c h .

Thee were the regions that experienced the hottest weather, where Andaman, Nicobar, and Gulf of Kachch were severely affected in 2010 whereas Lakshadweep and Gulf of Mannar experienced similar conditions in 2016.

The event that bothered the corals of India was the El Nino event that caused mass destruction in Lakshadweep in 1998 and 2010, 1998 which left behind a catastrophe that initially made corals vulnerable to revive yet within a few years many reefs started to develop new corals and they grew at an astounding rate. 2010 brought another large El Nino event that bring another decline in the growth of corals but this time there was regrowth in some areas as this event was most hearth wrenching because reefs were halfway from recovery from the last catastrophic destruction.

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Other Human-caused bleaching factors Our daily use products are made of harmful chemicals that can also cause bleaching of corals Humans Invasion

Some of the products that we use on daily basis can be harmful to corals, do you know?

For example, some products contain a few chemicals which can contaminate waters and become poison to the corals, Oxybenzone and Octinoxate which are used in 70%80% of sunscreens and washes off when we swim or shower can end up in the oceans.

But how? So, a study shows that around 14,000 metric tons of sunscreens are released into the oceans every year, and the water carries chemicals around the world to the oceans. Some of the products that contain Octinoxate chemicals are, Skin and cosmetics products, Makeup Foundation, Hair Dye, Shampoo, Lotion, Nail Polish, and Lip Balm other products that contain Oxybenzone chemicals are, Fragrances & Sunscreens.

Zinc Oxide nanoparticles are being used in industries of Rubber, Paint, Coatings, and Cosmetics whereas Ultrafine Tio2 is used in housing and construction as an addition to paints, plastics, cement, windows, and other products, the use is for ultraviolet absorption and photocatalytic sterilizing properties, for example, antifogging coating or self-cleaning windows, these all chemical can be enough to suffocate the corals till they are completely vulnerable to survive.

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C on c e p t G en e r a t i o n Developed narratives & Problem statement through research and directions for concept generation.

Concepts through narratives

Connected with the unconnected parts of two worlds (concept 1)

How our world is connected or woven to their world. We, humans, need land to live like waters to the fish, we need buildings, houses, or huge infrastructures to live in like corals being home for thousands of species. To survive we need food and oxygen likewise marine organism gets their food from corals and coral regulate the levels of Co2 in water which makes it breathable for the underwater living beings.

Comparatively, we share the same ecosystem of the only world. Yet how contrasting we are, Increasing populations, reaching vast lands, spreading homes to forests and growing industries, leading to huge pollution and degradation of land and waters, now connecting the contrasting nature with corals we are increasing in all the ways but what are we giving to corals, they are depleting and reducing in numbers, ultimately causing the death of marine creatures as they are fully dependant on the sea and corals ecosystem they have adapted the ecosystem and share the symbiotic relation with corals which help them to camouflage, change their colors, get their food and make them their home in return corals protect them.

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Are Corals treasure to us?

(concept 2)

Charlie Veron “godfather of corals” he diving for more than 50 years and is now above 70 and still dives in underwaters. He once said every time he dives, he finds a new species of corals that have never been seen, he stated that corals are magnificent and unending and are a treasure to us. He also stated that the corals are very noisy they are like “an underwater city”.

How corals can be a treasure to us?

These reefs offer us spectacular beauty with their colorful corals their textures, the fishes, sponges, giant clams, and turtles, they are said to be the rainforest of the seas which provide people with countless goods and services, for example, its economic values helpful to both locals and the country, they provide medicines for some of the life-taking diseases, they provide food, shoreline protection from natural disasters that rise from the seas, sacred spaces and regulation of process on the earth that makes the planet habitable.

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Sta tem e nt s There are three problem statements that are derived from both of the concepts and from the story of Yadinji People, formation of Great Barrier Reef.

Problem Statement

(concept 1)

Connected with the unconnected parts of two worlds with the folk of coral living that shares a lot similar lifestyle to humans

(concept 2)

How our everyday actions cause the bleaching of corals is the loss of the treasure trove.

(Story of Yadinji People)

Why is nature/coral vulnerable to rebuilding or expansion, awaking from humans’ destroyed nature, and how does nature rebuilds

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My T a r g e t Au d ie nc e Different perspectives and diverse concepts made me think about the audience who are directly connected with the usage of most of the products that cause bleaching and are the action takers, also the generation that can reach out for the issue to other generations, they can take a step forward by educating others by spreading the word through different platforms as they are highly active of social platforms.

Targetted people

I am looking toward the Millennial Urban Youth, Who may or may not be climate Conscious yet waking them about the cause.

My A p p r o a c h Bringing the life of coral in your own space to experience their ecosystem, what bothers them and how corals are bleached.

Interactive Experience

What if I or anyone have never been to coral, How can I make others experience the beauty of an underwater city “in correlation with the Human” it can be through simulation or an interactive installation.

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I n it ia l I d ea ti o ns Ideas that make a connection with the user and fulfill the approach of obtaining the experience and information about the underwater city to our world, These ideations are part of interactive mediums to connect two worlds apart.

Ideas & Medium of Representation

Beginning of the Initital Ideas

•The concept of critical design that triggers and makes a sensation or asks a question what are we doing to save them? What about Indian coral?

•Guilt of losing the largest living organism preserved for million years •Awaking through experiential storytelling/art installation •Coming up with an overall branding and merchandising to promote and aware most of the people about the issue •Educating students of the school, and teenagers about the issue through various mediums, an experiential workshop or exhibition, a system to educate them about the issues.

•Bringing corals to a metaverse with the importance of it in medications, tourism, and owning it virtually as an NFT. •The promotional tourism that speaks about corals. And its importance to the world

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T rea s u r e Tr o v e Treasure trove is used as a metaphor for the corals to comprehend the importance and value of the resources that corals provide to everyone whether it’s the marine systems or Humans’ dependency on corals

Critical Design Approach

So, through a critical design approach, how can I represent the uniqueness of corals by a metaphor as a treasure trove, that represents the resourcefulness of corals which are no less than a treasure to us and its marine biodiversity.

Also triggering the audience to have guilt about losing something as resourceful as corals, making one understand the loss that is caused by human invasion of their world not only tangible causes but also the intangibles that are part of this world from years like pollution, warming or use of harmful products that dissolve in waters and smother the life of corals.

The coral reef in a treasure trove is a representation of the ecosystem that can be a treasure of the world of the underwater city. Through various structures of corals, the aesthetic representation of coral reefs through crafting can also be a “pitara of corals.”

How we are responsible for the loss of living treasure that is an ancient existed for 400 million years.

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Bi oscope The idea of bioscope meaning “bios” means “Life” and “skopein” means “to Look” that represent the survey of life.

Simulation of Corals Ecosystem

The ideas were how comparable and contrasting corals are to our world, comparing it with the sea creature as how big fishes like Manta rays and groupers come to the corals for their cleaning, likewise, we usually take our cars as our transport medium for cleaning yet how contrasting they are, as we humans are expanding our livelihood from a populating city with huge infrastructures to the increasing hustle and bustle of the city the difference is their worlds are disappearing and the sounds of hustle and bustle are diminishing.

So, how can I bring out the issue through a bioscope that aware the target audience through an underwater simulation or underwater tourism that gives the user a whole experience of their world by submerging into the world of a simulated city of corals also, It can be a layered paper cut-out and a miniature world of corals in a box or a box of projection that gives the tour of beautiful corals in our environment, representing the life in underwater through the noises that are captured from the society/ecosystem of the corals. “The hustlebustle world of the underwater city.”

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C oral C a n v a s A coral canvas is a representation of the aesthetics of the corals showcasing the beautiful textures and colors for which corals are tourists’ attraction.

Interactive Installation

Colorful corals are like underwater graffiti, vibrant colors, shining colors of fishes and much more are like magical experiences underwater, this canvas is an interactive experience of the beauty of corals with the sound effects that this underwater city creates like a hustle-bustle in the society.

The idea of projecting colors on the canvas that can react to the product choices will represent the bleaching of the corals. Whenever you choose a product that is not suitable for corals will showcase the depletion of colors from projection and the sound of the corals will be diminished, triggering you to feel guilty about your choices.

There will be few products that might cause decoloration of corals by turning them into skeletons.

These products contain harmful chemicals that can contaminate the water and affects fragile corals by polluting them and can cause disease which ultimately harms corals and cause bleaching.

This canvas is an approach of critical design perspective where users are triggered with what they finally choose to live with that can make difference, making the right choices can help corals to survive a little longer for coming generation to witness the beauty of the World of Underwater.

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I n t e ra ct i ve Wa l kt h rou gh Let the users/viewers experience the underwater ecosystem, and interact with the process of bleaching with the feeling of impulsive guilt Walkthrough Installation & AR

Taking you to the city of underwater explore the ecosystem through the realm of AR, walkthrough between interactive installations replicated as corals, A whole experience build with sound effects, colors, and the city of corals.

What If You try to touch the corals?

The physical installation will automatically fade away its glowing color by representing the process of bleaching that can also be caused by touching the fragile corals.

So, here if the user/viewer touched the corals their colors will fade away representing “human greed comes in the picture where nature diminishes on its own because of the deeds and human satisfaction” This installation is a part of the museum where viewers can walkthrough through these pyramids (pyramids are a metaphor as they build one upon the other like coral polyps) and can experience the whole ecosystem through AR where you are traveling underwater and experiencing the world of waters around you.

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I d ea ti o n De v e l op men t (pos t m i d -t e r m) Development and changes in the ideation with more research and surveys after the mid-term jury

Refining Ideas

Structure Of Idea ( 1 ) Wh at me diu m do I connect with t he co ral s?/ how d o I sp e ak to my TG ?

( 2 ) Guil t: I destroyed the corals/ what is t he sto r y/ ac t io n t hat ind u ce s t his gu il t?

( 3 ) Why s h ould I care?/ How does it affe c t me?

( 4 ) How c an I bring back the corals?/ w hat smal l ac t io n c an I t ake?

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Identified Reef Stakeholder Reef stakeholders may include people who consume reef products, both locally and far away, those who are dumping the pollutant on the coastal grounds and nearshore reefs, those who visit the reefs for their recreation, and those who are part of the organizations and campaigns for conservation of reef and those whose interest in the reef is for research and study.

Survey Did a post jury survey to know whether the audience are aware of the corals and what do they think about saving them.

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Analysis of Survey Developing concept and ideation

As per my interviews and survey, I found out that most the people are unaware of the corals or if are aware then unknown to what they actually are, corals are not plants they are the living organisms who are formed by connecting with other coral polyps and developing into a complex structure that might appear as a plant underwater.

The other thing that I noticed is that corals’ beauty and their aesthetic attracts the tourists from different part of the world to experience the underwater beauty of corals by witnessing the colors, textures, forms, and shapes, this beauty is enhanced when you see diverse types of fishes living in that ecosystem.

The other thing, when I informed them about the causes of bleaching “the losing beauty of corals” are connected to the Human invasion of their world how? Products that we use have chemicals that can contaminate the waters and can demolish the beauty of corals, plastics, and other pollutants that are released or dumped in the water that can entangle the corals and smother them till they die and turn into a skeleton.

Through those answers, I developed my idea in a way that will provide knowledge and the unknown parts of the coral lifestyle.

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P la tf o r m & C l i e n t The possible platform that can produce my ideas on a scale where not only my target audience can connect or experience but a large audience can be a part of the experience, the more dialogue or information will be spread the more action can be taken.

Scale of the Idea & Platform to Displays

SCALE OF THE PROJECT Real Time Installation

1.

3

fe et

6.5 feet

The Scale of this project is not established yet as the experience from Augmented Reality can be accessed by anyone and from anywhere to experience the coral’s life. AR projects can be shared anywhere in the world to experience the whole composition of the marine ecosystem and can be a part of an educational tour within the space itself.

The interactive installation playing the part of the critical design approach can be installed on a scale where people can interact with the installation at different spots of the ceramic canvas.

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PLATFORMS Places

INDIAN ART FAIR The Indian art fair is a leading platform for artists this fair is committed to supporting art education and professional development opportunities, there are programs and events, including education initiatives, and installations aiming to increase the audience for the art within India and communicate to the world through varied displays. (Fair, n.d.)

I n d i a A r t Fa i r E n t e r s T h e M e t a v e r s e Indian art fair returned to the grounds after a gap, it also debuted on the metaverse. The Indian Art Fair collaborated with XR Central to create an immersive 3d metaverse experience, aim is to give the audience a bigger picture view of the fair and to get a sense of various sections of the program, visitors can take a virtual walkthrough and explore the fair, this engagement is an excellent idea for both amongst audiences who are looking to visit the fair as well as those who were unable to travel to Delhi for the fair. (Tripathi)

SENSISTAN ART-TECH MUSEUM This is a museum, the first of its kind in India, combines interactive art and technology to create stimulating experiences, The agenda is to let people interact with art exhibits and installations from around the world over, using the latest technologies like virtual reality, projection mapping, 3D imagery, and light projections. (LBB, n.d.)

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INDIA’S BIODIVERSITY MUSEUM, KERALA THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: The Ke r a l a St a t e B i o d i v e r s i t y B o a rd ( K S B B ) They Will soon set up their marine museum at Vallakadavu, this marine museum will exclusively represent the oceanic lives and how can we protect them. They plan to install scaled-down models, interactive kiosks, LCDs, and other major interactive installations with a 3d theatre and a Science on Sphere.

Chairman C George said that the museum will provide knowledge about marine conservation. It is said that humans have explored only 5 percent of oceanic resources and we might depend on these oceanic resources in the future,” said C George.

(Express, n.d.)

MARINE MUSEUM & INTERPRETATION CENTER The proposed marine museum which is coming to MARC, Digha will promote education, research, and training in the conservation and sustainable development of marine resources. The exhibits in the museum act as a learning resource and for research programs and will help visitors to understand and work in maintaining and sustaining various coastal and marine resources. (Department of Environment, n.d.) This museum will exhibit issues like: -History of coastal marine fauna -Current research activities of MARC -The Marine Ecosystem i.e. Coral Reefs, Mangroves, Seagrasses etc.

-Awareness creation on conservation through various display

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PROPOSED CLIENTS Clients and Organization

REEF WATCH INDIA Vsion is to To protect the ocean and the life within, so our children (and theirs) will have access to this source of richness and beauty that sustains us today.

(CONSERVATION, n.d.)

MARINE LIFE OF MUMBAI (MLOM) It aims to present the fascinating array of marine life on the shores of the big city, to take you on a journey to rediscover the forgotten natural treasure and collectively think about what we stand to lose.

Bringing out the issue focus on education, outreach, research, and citizen science.(Mumbai, n.d.)

EARTH COLAB Earth CoLab is an organization that brings together diverse individuals, institutions, and ideologies to develop new approaches to learning, education, academic inquiry, and the production of art. The team is a combination of marine biologists and marine educators also, experienced underwater divers, and photographers who have gained knowledge of underwater life.

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KHALED BIN SULTAN LIVING OCEANS FOUNDATION Inspiring Conservation Action A key component of this foundation with respect to conservation programs is media relations and outreach, while communicating their scientific findings to government officials, stakeholders, and decisionmakers so that they can understand the value of marine resources and take the step to protect them, they also create films, publish articles, illustrate the complexity of underwater life and different ways to address and inspire people to take care of the ocean.

(Foundation, n.d.)

Connected to few people who are part of the Underwaters

Umeed Mistry is a dive instructor, underwater photographer, and cameraman, writer, and educator.

Had a conversation on my project before mid-term juries, I took him through my project details through research and directions I developed, He told me about how can I find a relation between corals with Humans and how can we connect to them also, and he referred few marine biologists he is working with and native people who can tell me more about the life of corals.

Sumer Verma, India’s first underwater photographer

After having a conversation with Sumer I found out his keen interest in my project due to some shoots he is caught up for a few weeks but he asked me to get connected even after post juries to have a conversation about my project.

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F in a l C o n c e p t Revised concept of coral canvas and walkthrough, amalgamation of two ideas developed after the surveys and the statements discovered through narratives.

An Underwater City Experience & Installation

How we have invaded to their world and caused destruction to their ecosystem. The transition of bringing AR to MR is an idea of how the products we use in our physical world is connected to the installation that shows the intangible deeds to the tangible occurrences which are ignored. Something happening from years is the reason of bleaching and causing deaths this physical installation will showcase those deeds in the tangible world.

AR- Connecting you to the world of underwaters at your own space The city itself, where you encounter with the uniqueness of the corals from its aesthetic values and the life that it shares which means the ecosystem of the corals Why AR – As per my survey and research I found that most of the people were not familiar with corals, so this AR installation/Simulation get you familiar with the underwater systems and give you the freedom to explore the corals and its life near you.

This experience is developed in a way where users are getting educated about the human caused bleaching.

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P ro tot y p e AR experience and 3d projection mapping, AR to the physical world acting as the part of MR (mixed reality).

Developed Experience

Experience is divided into four parts: - In AR you explore the beauty and uniqueness of the corals and their living organism. Get yourself familiar with their ecosystem. Also, you can interact with micro-interaction where you can tap on “About Coral” acting as a button that displays some information about the corals

- Second is the part where user know about types of Humans caused bleaching it reflect the bigger picture of human invasion, where you will find the tourism causing coral depletion because of lack of awareness or knowledge also, you will find the plastics or pollutant that entangles on the corals and smother them till they die and There are products (healthcare, cosmetics, sunscreen and paints, etc.) that are washed off in the ocean and mixed with the water causing the death of the corals

- Third, ultimately now the user will enter to world of bleached corals where there is no life, no color left in corals, they are completely white calcium carbonate structures and there is no hustle & bustle, this is a transition that the user experience starting from the ecosystem to human invasion and lastly how that invasion led to the death of the corals

- Fourth, After all that user experience there will be a tangible installation of 3d corals which represent the bleached version of corals which are made from ceramic clay to highlight the actual replication of the calcium structure of corals and on this white structure there will be a projection mapping of visual texture or colours that will act as a coral polyp with an algae on that structure, now this will be an interactive installation where the products that are responsible will be displayed and will be asked by user to choose wisely as soon as user pick up the product that is harmful for the corals there will be an automatic change in the projection that will disappear those colours or textures projected and will only show the bleached version of the corals that will be the structure only, but as soon as user keep the product back on its place the corals will flourish again, means the projection will begin and start to develop the colours again, so here the idea is to trigger the user through a critical design perspective where user must make their choices wisely for a healthy reef and understand the condition that are taking us away form coral reefs.

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C eram i c C o r a l s 3d Coral Canvas created by sculpting each pieces that resembles the original texture and appearance of corals, developed as the surface for 3d projection.

Ceramic Model

The medium of my work is ceramic, as calcium carbonate happens to be both a glaze ingredient and t he compound released by cor als and m ollusk s to s culpt t h eir s to ny s t r u c t ure s .

The structure of ceramic represents the fragile beauty of coral reefs.

The repetitive growth of coral colonies through coral polyps connected to a calcium carbonate structure replicate through these pieces, whereas these are made to resemble the delicate, branch-like structures, These fragile structures with detailed textures resemble ceramic.

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P ro j e c t i o n M a p p i n g Developing projection mapping to represent the life of the coral through their aesthetic appearance and how bleaching vandalize the beauty of these corals.

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A collection of videos are created by mapping each segment of the coral in the composition. These videos were created to match the visual identity of the corals through colors, textures, and underwater movements.

Another video is edited to represent the bleaching effect where the color is dissolved through a transition into a bleached version of the corals.

These videos will be part of technical interaction when someone touches or pick up the wrong products that cause bleaching the default video will automatically change into a bleached video representing the idea of human-caused bleaching through pollution, products harmful to corals, and unaware tourism. gger points in

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Us er In t e r a c t i o n User testing in the Tdv Exhibition Area and Tdv Tunnel where the installation of corals and AR world of underwater are installed.

User Testing

USER 1 He learned about corals and that there is a term called coral bleaching and understood the meaning of the corals turning white due to external factors. The experience was enjoyable and informative, but there were things that can be improved like making guidelines to help a person navigate through the space better. This is because there are a lot of things happening in the AR space.

The experience was his first AR experience, and he found it enjoyable, unique, and intriguing.

In the walkthrough, he can feel the presence of corals, as he is aware of the bleaching of corals and wants to do his part to prevent it.

USER 2 The experience was amazing and interactive. Touchpoints can be used to travel through the parts of an AR tour.

And she asked how can we trigger a user to take action after viewing the installation.

She knows about corals yet the AR tour is informative and helpful to provide information to unknowns and educate about the causes.

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USER 3 He have been to the places where corals exist near Kerala and Saudi. He experienced this immersive installation as an informative walkthrough that was not just a single walkthrough but a more interactive flow throughout the installation.

He was unaware of the bleaching effect he learned about after the walkthrough from AR World. The installation of bleaching represents the effect of years of bleaching where he got to know about how bleaching is caused and he himself doesn’t use those chemical productsIn addition to learning a few new things about corals, he said the experience was extremely informative and helped him understand the concept of bleaching.

The transition was enriching because of the colorful corals and fish. As he entered the bleached world, he felt guilty because there were dead corals without any life.

USER 4 Scuba diving was his experience, and he knew that touching corals would damage them, as he was informed by the organizers of that event.

Most awareness posters are ignored, but interactive awareness can be a useful concept to keep awareness ongoing and can be part of education.

He learned a few more things about how corals can die through this walkthrough He said that AR was a very effective medium for bringing their world to ours, so we could experience the deep lives of the coral city. He pointed out the bleached corals could be more colorful as they do not appear inviting, but they are the bleached corals that are dead.

The overall experience was interactive and worthwhile as this was something original that brought life to our world.

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De v el o p i n g p r o t ot yp e & M a ter i a l s E x p l o ra t i on Iterations, phases and Materials Exploration with the all the assets used to develop the final prototype.

Iteration and Assets

Developing technical support for an Interactive Projection

Idea of using force pressure sensor for an interactive projection, the object kept on the sensor, if picked will trigger projection and play the projection of bleached corals.

Processing 3 and Arduino software are used for coding the visuals and interactive technicalities I did some understanding of sensors and technical details of how an Arduino works and tried some variations by changing the size of the image, measuring the distance, and playing the video through coding by ultrasonic sensor and pressure sensor.

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Collection of Assets for the AR composition

Colored Corals

Bleached Corals

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Bleached Assets for the AR composition

Display Area

For AR Composition

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For Ar & Physical Installation (Ceramic Coral)

Types of corals for Ceramic Corals (references for 3d corals)

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Augmented Reality Explorations

Failed and Initial prototyping

Augmented Reality prototyping through a VR box as a scuba diving mask was a failed test as the simulation of the Underwater Ecosystem is an interactive touch efficient micro-interaction installation to increase the engagement of users in an immersive AR world. The VR concept could not work as it eliminates the idea of micro-interaction and touch/trigger points in the AR world.

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Projection Mapping Explorations

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Ceramic Corals Process

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Ceramic Corals

It took me more than four days to complete the whole composition this ceramic coral tile is 40x40 cm. Every kind of coral was sculpted through various tools to develop a texture that can resemble the original corals of the sea.

I haven’t colored the corals as this representation already establishes the bleached corals in their skeleton form only the projection mapping on this structure would give the magnificence of colors and visual identity to these corals acting like a coral polyp and algae latched on this hard skeleton structure representing the natural phenomenon.

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Ep ilog u e

An underwater immersive tour of this project build confidence that will charge me up to take up challenges and helped me to figure out my interests that evokes my skills to develop the experience heavy work/project, this is what reflects me in my work, making an identity a trademark that not just show what you did but while looking at those projects it just gives you the essence of you in that work.

I have this tendency to immerse myself completely in whatever I take up as a project or a challenge, never thinking of what will be the result but trying my best to achieve the best. Likewise, this project had taken it all, I have tried to achieve the best in and from this project, something that had always fascinated me, attracted me towards its beautiful creation but never got a chance to visit any, something as magical as a world of fairies and has always attracted tourists from vast lands to visit and witness the beauty of its aesthetic appearance, but what is it?

Well, I was talking about “Coral Reefs” and my topic for this project is “Depletion Of Coals” In this project I aimed to provide an awareness to the urban youth about the bleaching of corals and how we humans have invaded their ecosystems by becoming the cause of bleaching, I have gone through a thorough research to understand the details of its depletion and how corals are playing the role of their existence in this world, what are they giving us, why are they even important to the world, all these questions have been answered in this project, research 84 84

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and findings lead me towards a direction where I have made connections through Native stories of different communities living near corals and understanding about there cultural aspects, that had helped me to develop my concept in relation to human comparison and contrasting significance with corals, with these cultural aspects and aesthetic values of the corals helped me to develop statements that define my target for this project, In my precedence study i found most of the people are constructing ways to grow or latch new corals on artificial structures or making physical art that represent the happenings to corals, while all of these studies what I found was lacking is the Human correlation with corals, to understand the human correlationIi went through culutral aspects and native practises also, how these corals are beneficial for humans. Corals have different utilities in terms of regulating the Co2 level in the ocean to retain balance in the ecosystem in waters as well as land because 80% of the oxygen that we breathe comes from oceans.

I found corals are utilized to develop medicines for some of the deathly diseases and provide economic value as well as a livelihood to locals in a country.

Now see corals are a natural resource a resource that is complex in its structure and known to be exis ting for 4 0 0 million years something as ancient and resourceful must be conserved at any cost.

My approach was to aware the urban youth who are the visitors, users of harmful products, and the new generation of this

country, they must be educated about the resourcefulness of corals, I tried to initiate guilt feeling through my installation where you first experienced the beauty of corals but how we come up to the bleached version of their lives through our steps.

How will you take a step to help them to retain their beauty for more years and let the upcoming generation witness the beauty of the corals? We can take a step forward by taking action, being part of organizations, and spreading the word in the world to save “The City of Underwater”.

I just want to state how human greed has taken away the natural environment, not jus t the cor als but the recent meltdown of glaciers, burning fires, degradation of forests, development programs over jungles, and many more.....

We are populating, increasing, advancing, and growing but at what cost? Are we aware of what is losing behind, are we aware of how the world is balanced, and are we aware of the life they share? We have to take a step forward it’s just now or never.

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Photo by Kristin Hoel on Unsplash

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The Fading Colors Of Coral. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.sciencefriday.com/spotlights/ coral-science/ The importance of protecting coral reefs | Coral Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www. coralguardian.org/en/coral-reef-important/ This artist handcrafts coral reefs to raise awareness about protecting our oceans | 1 Million Women. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.1millionwomen.com.au/blog/ artist-handcrafts-coral-reefs-raise-awarenessabout-protecting-our-oceans/ Tripathi, S. (n.d.). India Art Fair Enters The Metaverse.

Wastewater pollution making coral reefs sicker: What can we do? - Education Today News. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.indiatoday. in/e d u c at io n - to day/g k- c u r re nt -af f air s/ story/wastewater-pollution-worsen-coralreefs-un-1397828-2018-11-28 Why are coral reefs dying? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/ why-are-coral-reefs-dying Why Are Coral Reefs Important? | Saltwater Science | Learn Science at Scitable. (n.d.).

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Sp eci a l C r e d i t s

Videos and Sound Effects Pexels Video - Tom Fisk Pixabay - Jack Drafahl Pixabay - Timofey lasinskii

Kerala State Biodiversity Board - Kerala Biodiversity Museum TOURYATR AS - Marine Aquarium of the Zoological Survey Magzoid - The Indian ArtFair enters into Metaverse

Youtube - Tidal Gradens Sound - National History Museum

Free Assets Glb School of Fish - Sketchfab

Logos Clients ReefWatchIndia Marinelifeofmumbai EARTH CoLab

Turtle & Shark - Sketchfab Products - Paint3d Plastics bottle & Oil can - Sketchfab Human Model - Mixamo

livingoceanfoundation - Khaled bin Sultan

Helping Hand Museum Images LBB - Sensistan India art-tech museum

Creative Coding - Nikhil Tailang Projector Stand - Vipin Sir

Kerala Tourism - Kerala Biodiversity Museum

Depletion Of Corals

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P ro j e c t De v el o p m e nt Tool s

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Depletion Of Corals

“I will be learning more skills on interactive and technical domains to evolve my learnings and education for a creative future”

Himanshu Tiwari UG 8

Depletion Of Corals

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Bioluminescent in the Ocean

F inal Desig n P ro ject

By- H i m a n s h u T i w a r i