HGA_05-07-2011_Edition

2 - Spring Home & Garden 2011

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 3

24 Transplanting trees

44 Sump pump basics

25 Spring cleaning tips

45 Butterflies in spring

26 A backyard vac ation 47 Make a garden shed 28 Pavers vs. concrete

48 House Styles 101

31 Enviro-friendly lawn

49 Things to compost

32 Fix wet basement s

50 Sunroom planting

35 Growing veggies

52 Pesky bugs

4 Popular trends are out 13 Household moisture

36 Landscaping tips

53 Protect your patio

5 Green technology

15 Top home feature s

37 Natural fencing

8 Kitchen design

17 Dog-proofing floors

38 Flower basics

10 Handyman tools

19 Exterior paint rule s

39 Outdoor crafts

Contents

10 Vegetable gardening 21 Restoring property

40 Watering basics

22 Decks deserve wood 41 Bird feeder basics www.denpubs.com

23 Playground safety

42 Maintain healthy soil

Publisher Dan Alexander Sr.

Editor Andy Flynn

Ad Design Nick Kruithof Susan Zacharenko

Sales Emma Merfeld Scarlette Merfeld Beth Wells Dannae Whalen-Hall Meagan Whitman

Published by Denton Publications 102 Montcalm St. Suite 2 Ticonderoga, NY 12883 (518) 585-9173 FAX: 585-9175 Email: ads@denpubs.com 87571

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4 once-popular trends losing favor among homeowners Housing trends come and go. Just think of those avocado-colored stoves from the 1970s or the formica bedroom sets of the 1980s. The woodburning fireplace was a must-have home accessory in the early 1990s, but now it is losing ground to pellet stoves and greener options.

Here are a few other housing trends that are going out of style.

1. Kitchen de sks

What used to be all the rage a few years back are now being passed over for larger desks in family rooms or bedrooms. Kitchen desks tend to be small and are more likely to collect clutter than provide a viable working space.

2. Carpeting

Although a little over half of all homes still have carpeting, wood floors, tiles and vinyl products are gaining ground over the once staple of interior design.

3. Skylights

The once desired windows on roofs have continued to decline in popularity. Many new home manufacturers have nixed skylights from their designs. Improperly installed skylights tend to leak and can be maintenance nightmares.

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4. Living rooms

Homeowners who do not desire a formal living space are eschewing living rooms for all-purpose rooms that provide a better place for the family to gather. If a person prefers the TV be separate from a sitting area, then two distinct rooms still may be needed.

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Building Basics Green technology for your home Perhaps no dec ade has witne ssed more rapid technological advancements than the opening dec ade of the 21st century .

At the turn of the century, cellular phones had still yet to catch on universally, and few households had high-definition televisions. Ten years later, cell phones are so prevalent even many school-aged children have them, and rare is the household that has not embraced HDTV. And technology has advanced in other areas as well. Among the more notable advancements is the increase in eco-friendly technologies.

Homeowners hoping to make their homes more environmentally friendly have a host of options at their beck and call that enable them to do just that. No matter which area of the home needs to be addressed, chances are homeowners can find ways to improve their homes in an eco-friendly way.

Carpeting Cost-conscious homeowners often love how eco-friendly carpeting options are typically lower in price. Recyclable carpets require few, if any, toxic materials to manufacture. What’s more, homeowners who enjoy changing their home's decor from time to time will find eco-friendly carpet tiles are easy to install and subsequently replace when the itch to change a home’s interior arises.

Building materials When building a dream home, homeowners also have a host of green building materials at their disposals. Be it mold-resistant drywall made from recycled paper or eco-friendly siding options, homeowners building their dream home or adding on to an existing home can choose ecofriendly building materials for both the interior and exterior of their homes. (continued on page 7)

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Flooring An increasing percentage of homeowners prefer wood flooring over carpeting. Fortunately, there are several eco-friendly flooring options that use recycled and reliable wood from old buildings. In addition, homeowners can choose eco-friendly options like cork, rubber or even bamboo for their home’s flooring.

But eco-friendly flooring is not necessarily limited to wood flooring. Recyclable linoleum flooring is also available, and these new products are typically far less toxic than the linoleum floors of yesteryear.

Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 7 Lighting fixtures are often a primary concern when designing a home office, in which men and women want to mirror the well-lit environment they’re accustomed to at traditional office buildings.

To illuminate the room in an effective and eco-friendly way, individuals can install LED lighting fixtures. Such fixtures have a long life expectancy and use far less energy than their incandescent counterparts.

Another way to go green at the home office without spending

much money is to make room for some plants in the office. Plants will absorb toxins in the air and also improve the indoor air quality, which many office workers cite as a problem in traditional offices that don’t place too great an emphasis on indoor air quality.

When going green, it’s easy to assume technology will be detri-

mental to the environment.

However, advancements in ecofriendly technology have made it easier for homeowners to build their dream homes in eco-friendly ways.

Home office Working from home has steadily grown in popularity as technology has made it easier for employees to get their work done without having to head into the office. For homeowners who want to add a home office to their homes, it’s easy to make that home office environmentally friendly.

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Make entertaining focal point of kitchen design

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“No matter where Iserve my guests, it seems they like my kitchen best.”

This saying has adorned wall plaques in many people’s kitchens, and for most individuals the sentiment is quite true. The kitchen tends to be the gathering place for the family. When thinking about renovating the kitchen, it pays to have entertaining in mind.

It is widely known that improvements to kitchens and bathrooms often reap the greatest return on investment. When making changes to the kitchen, paying attention to the trend of kitchen entertaining can make the room even more valuable — should a homeowner choose to sell at a later point in time. Gearing renovations around kitchen entertaining also can make the space desireable for current homeowners.

Here are some renovation decisions to consider that can make the kitchen an ideal gathering spot for family and friends. *Space: The best kitchens for entertaining are roomy and feature an open floor

Kitchen Basics

plan. For homeowners who have limited space, the first decision may be to expand the kitchen by building an extension on the home or taking down a wall. Many homeowners find that spacious eat-inkitchens are preferable over a small kitchen and formal dining area. So if a dining room abuts the kitchen, remove the wall to create a large kitchen space. *Multiple islands: Instead of one large island, consider two islands. They are less cumbersome, making it easier for guests to easily traverse the kitchen. One island can be set up with a prep sink and wine cooler, while the other can feature a countertop-mounted induction stovetop for convenience and safety. A few tall stools around the back of one island can provide seating while prepping, or for simple conversation. *Company cleanup: Think about large sinks that can accommodate tall pots and pans, such as a double-basin apron sink.

Drawer-style dishwashers can be installed so that delicate china and glassware can be washed separately from grimy pots. (continued on page 9)

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(continued from page 8) This segregated style means homeowners can save money by washing smaller loads as needed. *Gathering niche: A butler ’s pantry or another alcove equipped with beverage center enables guests to gather in an area away from the main cooking and preparation space. *Breakfast nook: Cozy banquette seating nestled next to a picture window is a great spot for early-morning coffee or when overnight guests trickle down for a hearty breakfast. Decorative brick or stone — or even a fireplace next to the nook — completes the warm and fuzzy feel of the area. *Large table: Homeowners who do a lot of hosting can benefit from a table that seats many. Purchase a large table or one that can be expanded with a drop-in leaf. *Hidden appliances: The kitchen should be decorated according to homeowners' preferences. Key appliances such as dishwashers, refrigerators and even ovens can be masked with cabinet facing,

Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 9

so they blend right into the rest of the cabinetry. A larger refrigerator with features for entertaining, such as room for platters or bakery cakes, is ideal for the host and hostess.

A separate beverage drawer eliminates the need to open the refrigerator repeatedly, plus it’s at a great height for kids looking for juice boxes. *Lighting: Homeowners should consider many different lighting sources. Pendant lights over islands illuminate these work stations. Recessed lighting under cabinets can brighten countertop areas that tend to be dark. A chandelier or bold fixture over the table shows off the amazing

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Outdoor Basics

Must-have tools for the outdoor handyman

The right tools c an make easier work of outdoor chore s.

A report from the Associated Landscape Contractors of America titled “Economic Benefits of Landscape” states that landscaping can add as much as 14 percent to the resale value of a building and speed its sale by as much as 6 weeks. Homeowners looking to sell their home or just improve its market value will want to consider landscaping a viable investment. A March 2003 article in Smart Money noted that homeowners can expect to earn back 150 percent

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or more of their landscape investment through the value it brings to a property.

Whatever the landscaping project, the right tools will make any task that much easier. There are certain items every homeowner should have in his or her gardening arsenal. *Soil cultivator: A multi-pronged tool that breaks up clods of soil and grass to provide easier planting. *Various garden hoes: Hoes can be used for breaking up soil, weeding, cultivating, aerating, and many other purposes. *Spading fork: Another tool that loosens soil with straight tines that dig through dense soil. *Shovel: A multipurpose shovel can dig through dirt, gravel and the like. *Rake: A steel-pronged rake will till soil and spread out mulch and other organic matter in planting beds. A flexible rake is good for collecting leaves and thatch. *Edger: Available as manual or gas powered, an edger gives planting beds and the edges of lawns a clean look.

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(continued on page 11)

Gardening Tips

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Vegetable Gardens

Ants • Bees • Wasps Fleas • Roaches • Termites, Ticks • Bedbugs • Rats & Mice Nuisance Wildlife

Vegetable gardens make great additions to any home garden, but home gardeners should know that not all vegetables should be planted year-round.

Vegetables vary as to their optimal growing conditions, which often hinge on climate. For example, tomatoes are popular among home gardeners. For the best tomatoes, the soil should be warm and the sun above should be hot. If planted in the winter, tomatoes aren’t likely to ripen and they could very well attract harmful garden pests.

Some vegetables, however, actually prefer colder climates.

Cauliflower, for instance, is not comforted by hot summer sun and will likely wilt before reaching maturity if planted in the summertime. Instead, cauliflower often thrives with colder soil and steady rainfall.

When planting vegetables in a home garden, homeowners should always consider seasonal changes. Such changes enable gardeners to have fresh vegetables at their disposal almost year-round.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 11

(Continued from page 10) *String trimmer: Weeds can easily be trimmed with a string trimmer that can work around bushes and other hard-to-reach areas. *Gloves: Avoid blisters and insect bites with durable gloves that protect the hands. *Lawn mower: To maintain a healthy lawn it will have to be trimmed to the correct height. A manual or powered lawn mower is the essential landscaper’s tool. *Collection bags/bins: To properly dispose of organic matter like leaves and branches, it pays to have recyclable or reusable bags on hand for transporting waste. *Hoses: Drip irrigation hoses can deliver water right to plants’ roots where they need it most. A regular nozzle-powered hose can be used for cleaning and misting plants and surrounding hardscapes. *Compost bin: “Black gold” is the ideal landscaping supplement.

By creating compost from discarded food, a homeowner can generate the prime fertilizer needed to keep plants healthy. *Wheelbarrow: Transporting

gravel, rocks, mulch, shrubbery, and many other garden essentials is made easier with the help of a wheelbarrow or a garden cart. *Branch pruner: A durable branch trimmer/pruner can cut through thick or thin branches

and keep landscape items tidy.

Pruning also helps promote growth of many flowers and shrubs. *Overhead pruner: Errant branches in hard-to-reach areas can be trimmed with an overhead

pruner with an extendable arm.

Depending on specific interests, homeowners can stock up on trowels, bulb planters, chain saws and other items that will get jobs done around the exterior of the home.

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Several ways to reduce moisture in the home Many homeowners worry about moisture in the home, which can lead to a slew of health ailments, including asthma or upper respiratory problems. After a long winter, homeowners concerned about moisture often look to solve problems that might have revealed themselves when the cold weather arrived.

Moisture can also negatively impact the value of the home.

Mold growth and pest infestation are common side effects of excess moisture. Homeowners should consider the following tips. *Fix plumbing leaks. Plumbing leaks are often evident to the naked eye, as most occur at the fixtures. Check to be sure leaky toilets aren’t contributing to mold growth in the bathroom. *Check the windows for leaks.

The winter months often reveal leaky windows, which should be repaired once spring begins to avoid excess moisture that can result from spring rains. *Reduce internal moisture sources. Moisture is not caused solely by external sources. Inspect

the washing machine to determine if there are any leaks that are making the home less healthy and hurting its value. *Install an exhaust fan in the bathroom if there’s not one already. Without an effective exhaust fan, a bathroom is much more susceptible to mold growth.

When installing an exhaust fan, be sure it’s vented to the exterior of the building and not elsewhere inside the home, such as an attic or crawl space. *Point rainspouts away from the home. Be sure the downspouts are directing rainwater away from the home’s foundation. In addition, carefully clean out gutters in the spring and make sure they’re securely intact to reduce the likelihood of water damage. *Address any ventilation issues. Ventilation helps add or remove humidity, helping homeowners steer clear of moisture problems. If any ventilation concerns arose over the winter, make those issues a priority once spring cleaning and maintenance begins.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 15

Top 10

1. Curb appeal.

dream home features

Rather than wood framing and brick. These homes (nudura.com) are not only beautiful, they are stonger, more sound resistant, and far more energy efficient than wood frames and brick.

Home exterior, driveway, and landscaping must attract admiring attention.

2. Concrete and natural stone.

3. Maximum energy efficient.

Throughout from top to bottom.

4. Solar panels.

In the roof to generate a personal energy source.

5. A large, de signer kitchen.

With natural stone countertops and futuristic appliances, cabinetry and waterworks.

6. Natural hardwood flooring.

Like Brazilian cherry and sustainable bamboo.

7. A sunroom.

Plus, a front porch and a backyard finished patio.

8. Vessel sinks.

Or freestanding bowls above the bathroom countertop, accompanied by wall-mounted faucets.

9. Bedroom walk out.

Or a balcony.

10. Designer bathtubs.

And a walk-in shower with marble tile, a seating bench and rainfall showerhead.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 17

Flooring Basics

Top Tips * NAILS: Keep dogs’ nails trimmed short so that they do not scratch or scuff wood floors. * PAW FUR: Dogs that tend to grow long fur between the pads of their feet may need to have that fur trimmed as short as possible. This will help improve traction on the wood floors. * FOOD: If dog bowls are kept on the floor, use a mat that protects against spills and drips.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 19

4 simple rules for perfect exterior painting If you want professional-looking results when painting exterior wood, approach the project as if you were a professional painting contractor. That means following four simple rules that come second nature to experienced painters, says Debbie Zimmer, spokesperson for the Paint Quality Institute.

1. Take time to prepare the surface properly.

According to Zimmer, this is where a lot of inexperienced painters go wrong.

“It’s important to fight the urge to start painting as soon as possible,” says Zimmer.

"Even the best paints can fail if they’re applied to a poorly prepared surface.”

Before beginning to paint, clean the surface thoroughly. This can be done with rented power-washing equipment or by scrubbing with a long-handled brush using plain soap and water.

Afterward, remove any remaining loose, flaking, or peeling paint by scraping or wire-

brushing. Next, sand down rough edges on the old paint, as well as areas where the paint is glossy.

Finally, brush off the dust and particles left from the sanding and scraping. Then sand and prime any areas where the wood is bare.

2. Buy top quality paint.

“To get the best-looking and longest-lasting paint job, it's important to use the highest grade of paint,” advises Zimmer. “On wood and many other exterior surfaces, top quality 100 percent acrylic latex paint is the best choice.”

Because these paints contain more solids than run-of-the-mill paints, they form a thicker, more durable paint film. What’s more, they hide better, so they’ll often conceal the old paint color in fewer coats, saving a lot of extra work ... and saving money, too.

“Top quality 100 percent acrylic latex paints also have better adhesion, so they get a better grip on a properly prepared surface,” says

Zimmer. “And they remain flexible, so they can expand and contract with changing temperatures. These attributes help top quality paints resist peeling and flaking, which adds to the life expectancy of the paint job.”

Top quality 100 percent acrylic latex paints typically last 10 years or more, compared to three or four years for lower quality coatings, according to Zimmer. So, they are a much better value in terms of cost per year of service — no small consideration in these trying economic times.

3. Use quality brushe s and equipment.

For the best results when applying top quality paint, use quality brushes and accessories, says Zimmer. “Better quality equipment makes the work easier and helps apply the paint in a thicker, more uniform coat for a better-looking paint job.” (continued on page 20)

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(continued from page 19) She advises homeowners to choose brushes that are well-balanced and springy, with multiple lengths of split bristles packed tightly in a 3/4- to 1-inch thickness on a standard 4-inch brush.

When working with latex paints, it’s important to use brushes with synthetic bristles — ideally, polyester.

According to Zimmer, polyester bristles will hold their shape and maintain the proper stiffness regardless of the amount of water they encounter.

4. Paint in the right weather conditions.

After you have your quality paint and tools in hand, choose the right type of day to apply the paint. Doing so will enable the paint to form a tough, durable, protective film.

Zimmer says it’s best to do exterior painting in mild weather, ideally when temperatures are above 50 degrees F, and when the wind isn't strong.

On very hot days, try to avoid painting in direct sunshine, since surfaces sitting in direct sun can be 10 to 20 degrees hotter than the air temperature. One way to cope with this and still keep the job moving is to paint on the shady side of the house.

The four rules for perfect painting involve a lot of common sense and take a little self-discipline. But, if you follow them, you’ll be rewarded with a beautiful, professionallooking paint job that will last for years.

For more advice on paints and painting, visit the Web site of the Paint Quality Institute at www.paintquality.com.

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Lawn Basics

Restore your property in the spring Restoring a yard after a long winter is a springtime rite of passage for many homeowners. Harsh winds and heavy snow can take their toll on even the most beautiful landscape.

Spring is a homeowner’s first chance to survey the damage and begin restoring the yard to where it was before all those strong winds and snowstorms. To get started on your yard this spring, consider the following tips.

homeowners an idea of just how big or small their restoration project will be.

A thorough survey will reveal any problem areas and may also reveal some unexpected guests. Rabbits and squirrels often nest in yards during the winter. Rabbits will nest in the ground, while squirrels typically build nests made of leaves in the trees.

Unless it’s entirely necessary, avoid removing any nests, and be sure to carefully inspect the yard before the season’s first mow.

Don’t begin too early.

Out with the old.

The early bird might get the worm, but the early homeowner might get a damaged lawn. If temperatures for an upcoming free weekend are unseasonably warm, it’s best to avoid doing spring yard cleanup until there have been several warm weekends to thaw the ground. Unless the ground has completely thawed, footsteps on the yard will damage the grass, compacting the soil and preventing the air and moisture that soil needs from doing its job and penetrating the soil. What’s more, if the yard is raked before the ground has thawed, the rake might just be pulling the grass out by its roots.

When the cleanup process is ready to begin, it’s time to remove remnants from last season. This includes removing any dead plants as well as last year’s mulch. If new mulch is simply thrown on top of old, plants could suffocate.

Dead leaves also tend to gather during the winter, often up against fences or a home’s exterior walls. Rake up these dead leaves and add them to the season’s compost.

Survey the proper ty.

A close survey of the property will give

Get rid of thatch.

Thatch can be soil’s worst enemy, preventing its access to the sunlight, air and moisture it needs to make the lawn look beautiful and healthy. Thatch removal can be tiresome, but visit the local hardware store and pick up a

dethatching rake to make the job a little easier. Thatch removal isn’t always necessary every spring. Many homeowners have found removing thatch every other year is effective enough.

Aerate the yard.

Soil often becomes compacted as spring becomes summer and summer becomes fall.

This is especially true of yards that are heavily used, be it by kids playing outdoors or families who love to host warm weather gatherings in the yard. Aerating in the spring removes plugs of sod from the soil, loosening it up and making it easier for air and water to reach the roots.

Address bald spot s.

Bare spots in a yard can result from any number of things, be it a dog urinating in the yard or even disease. Early spring, when temperatures are a little cooler and promote grass growth, is a great time to address the yard's bald spots. Do so by clearing away the spots and sprinkling the freshly exposed soil with some grass seed. Then add some fertilizer and be sure the newly seeded areas get some water until the new, healthy grass begins to grow in.

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Decks deserve real wood

Backyard Basics The deck is the hear t of a back yard.

It’s where the family gathers for dinner, the perfect spot for grilling, a great place to hang out with friends and the ideal location for relaxing after a long day. Whether you’re thinking of building a new deck or your old one needs resurfacing, be sure and choose the right decking product: choose real wood.

Building a Deck. Thinking of building a brand new deck? What a great way to enhance your back yard! According to the 2010-2011 Cost vs. Value Report from Remodeling magazine, homeowners can expect to recoup 72.8 percent (on average) of the cost of building a wood deck vs. only 66.2 percent if building with composites. Deck substructures are built using pressure-treated wood anyway; if it’s strong and durable enough to hold up your deck, it’s strong enough to actually be your decking surface.

Pressure-treated wood is a builder favorite and has been the number one decking material for decades. It’s natural, real — and it looks fantastic.

Resurfacing a deck. If you already have a wood deck but it’s more than 20 years old, consider a resurfacing project. This is where the decking surface is replaced, while the substructure remains. (It’s always a good idea to have a decking professional check the entire deck for soundness.) Resurfacing is easy, and it’s a great way to refresh your outdoor living areas without blowing your budget.

Maintaining a deck. Every building material designed for outdoor use requires maintenance; luckily, real wood decks are very easy to maintain. Once a year, check your deck to see if it needs cleaning or perhaps another coat of sealant. Perform the cup of water test: if a cup

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of water poured on the deck boards immediately soaks into the wood, it’s time to apply water repellant.

Why choose wood? Your deck should mesh with your back yard — be sure your decking material is an extension of nature, with all the beauty, strength and durability you’d expect. Pressure-treated wood is your most natural decking option: it’s easy to find, easy to use, requires no special tools, and it’s affordable. Wood doesn’t conduct heat like other decking materials can, meaning no burned feet in the summertime. Treated wood is impervious to rot and pests and it’s proven to be people- and pet-safe.

Concerned about our forests? Choosing wood for any home improvement project is a very wise environmental decision. Thriving, sustainably managed forests create a healthier environment for all of us. Choosing forest products — wood — encourages U.S. landowners to keep replanting trees; the forest industry plants more trees than they harvest every single year, ensuring wood will be around for generations to come. Wood is one of the only naturally renewable building products available, and the only energy required to manufacture it comes from the sun. You can’t get much more green than that.

For more information on building or resurfacing a real wood deck, visit www.realoutdoorliving.com. Free information includes the Authentic Deck Guide, with complete information on wood deck upkeep, construction and building material selection; easy do-it-yourself free downloadable plans and podcasts; maintenance information; a fun and fast “Pressure-treated 101” video and much more. Check back frequently: we’re always adding new plans, new photos and new information.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 23

Safety first when building a backyard playground

Playground accidents vary in severity.

Some produce just a scrape or a scratch, while more drastic accidents can lead to broken bones or even death. And where those accidents occur might come as a surprise to parents. Ten years ago, a study conducted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission discovered more deaths occurred on backyard playground equipment than on public playgrounds. A 2009 study from the CPSC found that 40 deaths were associated with playground equipment between 2001 to 2008, the majority of which were the result of hangings or asphyxiations.

When building a home playground for children, parents should consider the following factors.

Location, location, location! When deciding where to put a playground, consider its accessibility. Is the playground easily reached should an accident occur? Can children be seen playing from a nearby window? Should an accident occur, is the playground within earshot of the home? Be sure to locate the playground close enough to the

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home where you can see and hear your kids from the house.

Equipment: Though most parents would love to build their children a home playground that rivals the nearby amusement park, some equipment has historically proven to be more dangerous than others.

A 2009 report from the CPSC indicated that climbers were associated with 23 percent of all playground injuries while swings were associated with 22 percent.

Surfaces: According to the CPSC, 67 percent of playground accidents between 2001 and 2008 involved falls or equipment failure. Most kids are going to fall once or twice when playing on the playground.

Parents can plan for such falls and minimize their child’s injury risk by installing impact-absorbing surfaces beneath the playground.

Inspection: Kids often like to play rough. As a result, playgrounds commonly take quite a beating. Even if equipment was sturdy at installation and was installed to the letter of the manufacturer’s instructions, parents should routinely inspect equipment to ensure it’s holding up to wear and tear.

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Successfully transplant trees Homeowners move trees around their property for a number of reasons. Some might be adding on to their property and need to make room for their new addition, while others might simply want to move a tree for aesthetic reasons. Whatever the reason, transplanting trees can be risky. Trees that are not fully healthy, for instance, might find a transplant too stressful. If the stress proves overwhelming, the tree could die or lose some its physical appeal. Though there are no guarantees when transplanting trees, there are a few guidelines homeowners can follow to increase the likelihood of a successful transplant. * Transplant at the right time. It’s best to transplant trees when the ground is not frozen. When transplanting in the spring, do so right after the ground has thawed and before the tree or shrub’s buds begin to swell. When transplanting in the fall, do so soon after leaf drop to allow time for root development before the soil freezes. * Re-locate to the correct spot. Before transplanting a tree or shrub, test the new location in mind. Make sure the place to where the tree or shrub will be moved can provide sufficient light for the given species to thrive. In addition, check the new location’s soil pH, moisture and wind exposure. Not all areas of a property are ideal for trees and shrubs, so inspect the area before moving. Such an inspection should include examining a layout of the property’s utility lines.

* Avoid drying out. Trees and shrubs should not dry out during the transplanting process. Water the plants for 2 to 3 days prior to transplanting the tree if the surrounding soil is dry. When it comes time to transplant, cover the root ball with a damp material, such as burlap or canvas, that will help retain moisture the tree or shrub needs. * Let the professionals move larger trees. Moving larger trees is an undertaking best left to professionals. Transplanting larger trees could prove a difficult undertaking for many homeowners, and the tree could suffer greatly if that’s the case. * Plant as soon as possible. It’s possible to store a tree and not immediately plant it, but it’s ideal to plant a tree or shrub that is being transplanted as soon as possible. If storing, avoid covering the root ball with plastic. That can suffocate the plant’s roots, putting its life in significant jeopardy. Protect stored plants from extreme temperatures, wind and direct sunlight. * Plant properly. Planting holes should be two to three times as wide as the root ball. If planting in dry soil, prewater the holes before planting begins, and be sure to plant the tree or shrub at the same depth it was originally growing in. Also, plant the tree so it is in the same direction, relative to the sun, that it was previously in.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 25

Time-saving spring cleaning tips

Spring cleaning is a task most people tackle each and every year. Many projects are tailor made for the warmer weather. Here are some time-saving tips to conquer spring clutter and cleanup projects. *Wash the blinds. Metal blinds can be removed from the window and taken outside for washing. Use a scouring brush with a mild cleaner and some water to loosen dirt. Hang the blinds on a slanted surface and hose down with the garden hose to clean off the dirt. *Clean the windows. Use water and dish soap and a sponge to wipe the inside and outside of windows. A rubber-tipped squeegee can be used to remove the excess moisture and

provide a nice sheen on the window. It’s less wasteful than using a handful of paper towels. *Switch fan directions. Ceiling fans set to spin in a clockwise rotation draw air upward and then redistribute the warm that collects at the ceiling. Clockwise is the ideal direction for the winter, but when spring arrives, it’s time to hit the switch to change the blades to spin counterclockwise. Be sure to thoroughly dust the fan blades first, or you could end up with dust bunnies blowing around the room. *Replace surface protectors. The small, adhesive pads that are placed on chair legs and furniture to protect against wood floor scratches need to be changed periodically. That’s

because dirt can accumulate under the pads and eventually damage the floor. *Switch the linens. Change out comforters and darker shaded fabrics for lightweight items that bring a fresh, clean feeling that’s perfect for spring. *Clean the refrigerator. Remove old food and discard and take out other items and place in a cooler. Use a baking soda and water solution to scrub stains and sanitize the shelves and walls of the refrigerator. *Clean the carpets. Rent a carpet shampooer and thoroughly clean the carpeting. Open the windows and let the crisp spring air help dry the damp carpeting afterwards.

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The best vacations lift us out of the frenzy of our live s.

Yet a great vacation can also be a great financial strain as well — and really, how relaxing is that?

So how do you meet the pressing need for a stress-reducing change of scenery without wiping out your savings in the process?

The solution may actually be simpler, and closer, than you think: Open your own back door, and begin imagining the leisure possibilities right beyond your doorstep!

Instead of throwing a bunch of money at a short-term getaway, consider investing a portion of it into transforming your back yard into a personal relaxation oasis.

Don’t be put off by how big a task that sounds. Start out simple, making additional changes as finances allow, and inspiration strikes.

To begin with, your yard may need some degree of facelift. Hire a quality professional landscaper who can design around native plant species, for maximum benefit and minimal upkeep.

Yet landscaping is really only setting the stage — you still need some kind of show-stopper to complete your yard's transformation.

Pools and decks are whopping financial commitments. There is, however, a less bank-breaking path to backyard-relaxation bliss: Invest in the very symbol of relaxation itself. Invest in a hammock and hammock stand.

Plus, a quality fabric hammock can make your yard look as pretty as a vacation postcard as well. Recent advances in all-weather synthetic textiles have vastly expanded design and color options for fabric hammocks.

Add an arc-style cypress or faux-wicker hammock stand, and your outdoor living space becomes not only a gorgeous relaxation destination, but also one that requires no checked-baggage fees or full-body scans to get to!

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 27

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Walkway Basics Paving stones vs. concrete Homeowners have a variety of needs around the landscape that call for pavers or concrete, including driveways, patios and walkways.

Deciding on a material means assessing needs and desired features as well as the cost of the project.

In general, pavers are interlocking tiles of stone, brick or molded concrete. Concrete is poured in large, solid blocks with flexible spacers to allow for contraction and expansion depending on the weather.

Pavers Pavers allow flexibility in color and pattern. They can also be dug up and moved around at a later time. Different types of blocks can be interwoven to create a unique pattern. Because pavers are individual pieces, homeowners may find that installation is a do-it-yourself project.

There are many different price ranges for pavers, depending on the size and material. Some range from a few dollars a block to much more than that. Many home-improvement stores sell an array of pavers, or homeowners can order from a specialty retailer.

Pavers are often individually set with sand and leveling gravel. This means that over time they can settle and become uneven.

Furthermore, because there is only sand in between, weeds may grow through the pavers over time, requiring added maintenance.

Concrete Poured concrete is a permanent addition to the landscape. It cannot be poured and then reconfigured without major demolition. (continued on page 29)

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(continued from page 28) Also, because concrete requires precision and mastery, it is not something easily done by a do-it-yourselfer. This means that a hired mason will have to be called to pour concrete features. This may make concrete a more expensive purchase than individual pavers.

Concrete is a continuous, poured substance. This means that weeds will not grow through so there is less maintenance involved.

But it’s important to know that even concrete that has been properly laid may shift or crack over time from the settling of the ground.

Thanks to innovations in concrete, homeowners who like the look of pavers without the work can investigate stamped concrete options, where a pattern is embossed into the concrete before it dries. Colors, stains and etching procedures are also available.

There are a few other distinctions between these two materials that may also influence a homeowner’s decision. Pavers provide immediate gratification in that they can be enjoyed shortly after installation. Concrete, on the other hand, will require days to dry and cure.

Some town codes require a permit for pouring concrete because it is a permanent change to the home. Pavers may not require a permit because they are not permanent and can be removed.

When choosing among pavers or concrete around a pool or water source, it is important to select a texture that will not be slippery when wet. Otherwise accidents may occur.

The choice between concrete and pavers is largely one of personal preference. Each material has its advantages and disadvantages to consider.

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Think Green

Tips for an environmentally friendly lawn The growing emphasis many homeowners place on keeping their property pristine is reflective of many things. Though it’s quite possible a reflection of the enjoyment many homeowners take from landscaping, it’s more likely a reflection of the impact a well-manicured lawn can make on the overall value of the property.

In a study conducted by Michigan State University, a well-manicured lawn was found

to increase the value of a home anywhere from 5 to 11 percent. Much of that might be due to curb appeal. A home with curb appeal is one that is appealing to the naked eye, meaning prospective buyers already have a good first impression before even stepping foot inside the home. A home with great curb appeal will attract more prospective buyers, likely adding the amount homeowners can add to their asking price.

As the popularity of landscaping has grown, so has the popularity of responsible landscaping. More and more homeowners are not only spending their weekends caring for their lawns, but also doing so in a way that’s beneficial to the environment. For those hoping to follow suit, consider the following tips: * Remember something as simple as the seeds can make a big difference. Oftentimes, (continued on page 33)

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Several keys to fixing wet basements improperly draining downspouts and gutters may cause water to pool around the home’s foundation and enter the home.

A wet basement can decrease a home’s value and potential damage what’s in the home. Standing water in a basement can also pose health hazards, such as mold and mildew growth, and can prove a breeding ground for insects that like moist conditions.

There are a number of techniques used to combat basement water issues. A waterproofing company can help homeowners

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ascertain what method will be best for the type of water issue they have. *Find the source of water.

Sometimes water remediation requires minimal effort or simple solutions. It may be a grading issue on the property or landscaping that is causing water to pool around the home’s foundation.

Fixing these issues can alleviate water in the basement. *Create a barrier. A dampness or water issue may be remediated by creating a barrier between the water and the inside of the home.

Waterproofing paints and sealants can be applied to both the outside and inside walls of a basement.

However, waterproofing application on the outside of the home may cause disruption to landscaping and the need for excavation to reach foundation walls. Inside application is easier, but eventually the product may need to be reapplied if water pressure causes the sealant to blister or peel off. A plastic vapor barrier can be installed in crawlspaces that have vented concrete or dirt floors. This will help to protect against moisture in the space.

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*Install drains.

Various drainage systems are designed to help with basement water issues.

Depending on the drain, it may be installed at the perimeter of the basement interior or on the exterior of the home. The drains are designed to capture water from the ground and direct it far away from the foundation. Drains can gradually become clogged with sediment and dirt and may need to be cleaned or replaced. Newer innovations in basement drainage systems that alleviate clogging issues are available through reputable businesses. *Use a sump pump. For other water issues, a sump pump can help gather groundwater in a sump pit and pump it out and away from the home. It’s a good idea to have a backup source of power for the sump pump because if the power goes out, the sump pump will be rendered useless.

Water is the No. 1 enemy of basements and crawlspaces. It behooves the homeowner to take fast action to correct water issues in the lowest part of the home to ensure comfort and safety.

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Water can enter a basement or crawlspace in a number of ways, seeping through the floor if the surrounding ground is constantly saturated or entering through cracks in the foundation walls.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 33 (continued from page 31) the region of the country will dictate which choice of grass seed is best for a given lawn.

That’s because a grass that’s suited to a particular area will require less maintenance, which means less water and less reliance on substances to prevent or fix problems.

Using less water is environmentally friendly, as is using less chemicals to solve problems related to the lawn. Consult with your local nursery or garden center for the types of grass seed best suited for your region. * Organic diets can benefit the lawn, too. Many people prefer organic foods these days because of their taste and their smaller carbon footprint than processed and preserved foods. But organics aren’t just good for humans; they’re good for lawns as well. Instead of chemical-based foods and fertilizers, consider an all-natural diet for your lawn. Compost heaps can generate important nutrients for your lawn and plants and can be created simply from lawn clippings, raked leaves and the uneaten scraps from your kitchen — like fruit rinds, eggshells and leftover coffee grounds. * Install an irrigation system. While soaking a lawn with water might seem good for the grass, chances are it’s not very good for the environment and possibly illegal in heavy drought regions. An underground irrigation system, however, is

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designed to water lawns and plants at the root level, strengthening the grass and plants and saving some water in the meantime. Many systems are timer-operated and water in the early morning or early evening hours when the water will have maximum potential to benefit the lawn. These timer systems also make it possible for busy homeowners to maintain their lawns without making a major time commitment. * Reduce reliance on pesticides. While pesticides are necessary in certain instances, homeowners can reduce their reliance on pesticides and in doing so save some money. Some insects are too pesky and could be a great threat to a lawn, but it’s important for homeowners not to overlook the many benefits insects and animals can provide. Worms, birds, butterflies, and some beetles can consume harmful “bugs” like aphids, mites and other leaf eaters. Bats are even good to have around, as bats often prey on biting flies, gnats and mosquitoes, pests that can make outdoor entertaining a nightmare. * Keep the grass cut at a proper level.

While Junior might want to cut the grass as close as possible to reduce the amount of times he has to push the mower around the yard, cutting too low is potentially very harmful to the grass. That’s because grass that's cut too short is increasingly susceptible to disease, insects and drought.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 35

7 easiest veggies to grow at home Rising costs at the supermarket and worries about unhealthy pesticides or preservatives on foods has led many people to start a vegetable garden at home.

Growing vegetables is easier than one would think. Plus, you don’t need an expansive plot of land to grow a garden. Many popular varieties can be grown right in containers or in compact spaces.

Perhaps you’re wondering what vegetables are the easiest to grow if this is your first attempt at a food-based garden. There are several to try.

1. Tomatoes: While commonly considered vegetables, tomatoes are actually fruits. But tomatoes can be an integral part of a vegetable garden. Tomatoes are high in lycopene and other antioxidants. There are also myriad varieties to tempt your palate. Tomatoes can be planted after the soil has thawed and there is no other chance for frost. They’ll require plenty of sunlight. Fruit will be available to harvest toward the latter part of the summer.

2. Zucchini: Zucchini are an Italian squash variety that appear similar to a cucumber. They can be green or yellow in coloring. This vegetable is full of potassium, folate and manganese, making it a great addition to your menu. Zucchini take about a month to mature and be ready to harvest. They grow on vines and produce large flowers

before bearing fruit.

3. Beets: Root vegetables like beets and radishes work well in the garden as well. The bright purple color of beets indicates they are full of many essential vitamins and minerals. Toss beets in salads or use them in the traditional soup, borscht.

4. Carrots: Another subterranean-growing veggie, carrots require moist soil as they germinate, but as the plants mature need less water.

Carrots can be enjoyed in a number of ways and are a staple of cooking year-round.

5. Peas: Peas grow inside the pods of legumes. These plants like moist soil that drains well. Water frequently but make sure the soil doesn't become flooded if you want peas to flourish.

6. Peppers: Peppers come in so many varieties it’s easy to find ones that appeal to your taste in cooking. Generally peppers thrive in soil high in magnesium. Using compost and Epsom salt in the soil can help achieve the environment peppers desire.

7. Lettuce: Lettuce is another staple and the basis for many salad dishes. Lettuce also tops sandwiches and can be filled and wrapped for other recipe ideas. Seeds should be planted between 8 and 16 inches apart. Water in the morning instead of at night to prevent disease from developing.

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Grass-free landscaping alternative There are many reasons to forgo grass.

Grass-free alternatives

Cost is one factor. While grass seed is relatively inexpensive, the upkeep, including mowing, fertilizing, re-seeding, and watering, requires a significant investment of both time and money. Many homeowners choose to lay down sod to create a beautiful lawn, an expensive option for homeowners with vast landscapes.

The environment is another reason homeowners look for grass alternatives. Grass requires a lot of upkeep, much of which is not environmentally friendly. For example, maintaining a pristine lawn requires the use of a gas-powered mower and oftentimes the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Seeking alternatives to grass can be friendly on both the wallet and the environment.

* Ground cover: Homeowners who still desire the look of green can choose among different types of ground cover that will quickly fill in the landscape. Clover, low-growing evergreen plants and ivy are some of the more popular ground cover alternatives. * Rocks: Decorative rocks intermingled with native plants can add dimension and color to the yard. Once rocks are placed, there is little upkeep except for pulling the errant weeds. * Mulch: A less expensive alternative to rocks is mulch. Mulch is available in different colors and types and can even be created by a homeowner by chipping trimmed branches from trees in the yard.

It helps lock water into landscaping beds, decreasing the need for frequent watering. * Water features: Think about installing a pond in the yard that can be bordered with stones and mulch. This will take up a good amount of space and can create a natural habitat for wildlife and even some low-maintenance pond fish. * Concrete or patio stones: Although they’re not all-natural materials, patios can take up areas normally consumed by the lawn and create expansive outdoor entertaining areas. It will require an initial investment of the patio material, but once installed, patios don’t require significant maintenance. Homeowners can offset the concrete jungle feel by placing plenty of potted plants and container foliage around the perimeter. * Decking: Another alternative to concrete and stones is a wood or composite material deck. Again, this structure will increase outdoor living space and won't require the level of routine maintenance needed to keep a lush lawn.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 37

Natural fencing A back yard can be a sanctuary.

It’s a place to which individuals can retreat, offering an extension of living space in the great outdoors. Chances are, a homeowner prefers to have his or her yard fenced in to maintain privacy. But homeowners aren’t always fond of traditional fencing materials. A natural fence can be an option that offers a bounty of benefits.

The purpose of a fence is to keep things in or out. Fences are often erected to serve as a barrier between properties and offer privacy. To achieve these goals, a homeowner doesn’t necessarily have to construct a wooden, plastic or wire fence. Many plants can serve as natural fencing options and be very attractive to look at.

Grasses Consider the fast-growing bamboo. It is one of the fastest-growing plants on the planet. Some varieties may grow as much as 50 inches per day! This tall, dense grass can be an inexpensive fencing option that quickly fills in on the perimeter of the yard. Just be sure to take inventory of the bamboo because it can spread quickly.

Trees How about planting trees on the property? Evergreen trees, like Leyland Cyprus, may grow quickly. The dense foliage will quickly fill in and can create an attractive border around the house. But evergreens aren’t the only options. Deciduous trees can also be planted.

The thick leaves will form a privacy screen and in the winter the leaves will drop and let light into the landscape.

Shrubs Much in the same way that evergreen trees can offer privacy on a larger scale, so can shrubs. There are scores of different shrubs that can be as dense or thin as a homeowner desires. Rose bushes can look very attractive and serve as a deterrent to animals and people trying to get through the thorny brambles. The same can be said for holly bushes, which will be prickly but attractive with their shiny, dark green leaves and bright berries. Certain shrubs are even marketed as natural fencing. A chat with a landscaper can yield many ideas of species that make great fences.

Flowers and Plant s Shrubs and trees aren’t the only fencing options. Many homeowners like the cottage look of a garden full of wildflowers and other plants. Congregating certain plants on the perimeter of the property can make an informal fence. Trailing vines like ivy or vinca can be trained to climb vertically. A thin mesh material or vertical slats can be installed and the vines tied to these items before they fully establish.

Hardscapes Instead of living natural fencing, rocks and boulders or even water features can also be used as fences. This type of fencing may be more aesthetic than practical, however, and can be used intermittently with other fencing options.

The possibilities for natural fencing are endless and can be mingled to create a landscape unique to any homeowner.

38 - Spring Home & Garden 2011

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Flower Basics

Spring garden time Few things are anticipated more in spring than the arrival of new leaves on the trees and budding flowers in the garden. A landscape awash with fresh colors can brighten the spirit and make anyone want to head outdoors.

There are many different plants that begin to show their colors in the spring. A number of perennials, annuals and trees begin to flower or show new sprouts come the springtime. Here are some plants that can be planted for springtime enjoyment.

Annuals Looking for first signs of color? Look no further than these wonderful annuals.

* Alyssum: Starting in April, this cascading bounty of tiny flowers offers a sweet aroma that attracts butterflies. * Dianthus: These vivid flowers also attract butterflies and are often a cottage garden staple. * Gypsophila: Also known as baby’s breath, these delicate flowers can serve as filler in any landscape. Pink and white varieties are available. * Impatiens: One of the best-known plants for the garden, these annuals come in scores of colors and can generally tolerate full sun to full shade. * Larkspur: Belonging to the buttercup family, these flowers bloom in shades of white to violet. * Pansy: These flowers are some of the earliest spring bloomers, arriving alongside spring bulbs like tulips. * Petunias: Petunias put on a show of color through the entire season, making them a popular bedding flower.

Perennials These plants will come back year after year and offer spring shows. * Cherry blossom: The flowers that sprout on cherry trees are some of the first signs of spring. Their pink or white buds are often a spectacle, so much so that towns and cities hold cherry blossom festivals. * Columbine: These beautiful blooms attract butterflies and can be a nice part of a garden bed. * Jacob’s ladder: Variegated foliage that is dappled with violet-colored flowers can add a sweet smell and visual interest to the garden. * Primrose: These flowers come in a variety of shades, making them versatile in any garden. They also tend to attract butterflies and hummingbirds. * Sweet violet: These fragrant flowers are edible as well as attractive.

These plants can self-plant, so unless a gardener wants them to spread, they should be kept contained.

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There are many craft project s families and children c an tackle outdoors. * Birdhouse: Head to the hardware store and pick up a few supplies. Otherwise, chances are items that can be made into a birdhouse probably can be found from scraps of materials already around the house or in the garage. Scraps of wood, metal, tiles, plastic, and the like can be used to craft a bird house or feeder. Even an empty plastic bottle can be used. Some nesting material, such as pieces of yarn or cotton, can be placed inside the house to entice birds to take up residence once the weather warms. * Stepping stones: Stepping stones can be a whimsical way to dress up the outdoor garden or yard. A trip to the craft store for some plaster or even a quick-set cement can be the medium to use for the stones. Experiment with shapes that can be used as molds, and gather different materials that can be embedded into the stepping stone, such as pebbles, marbles, beads, etc. Use a pencil or another pointed tool to engrave a message or name on the stepping stones before allowing them to dry and harden. * Garden gnomes: Craft stores often sell unfinished pottery that can be painted and sealed. See if garden gnomes or other whimsical creatures can be found. Use acrylic paint to decorate the figurines in your favorite colors. * Outdoor games: A large piece of plywood or fiberboard can serve as the game board for a number of different activities. Use spray paint to stencil on alternating squares of red and black for a larger than life checkerboard or chess board. For those with more time and creative stamina, use large stones to pain on letters and make an outdoor Scrabble(R) board for fun times with family. * Painted flower pots: If the colors and designs at the local garden center don't fit with a particular design scheme, buy unfinished terra-cotta or plastic pots and paint them with the designs and colors that coordinate better.

Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 39

Family Time

Create homemade outdoor crafts

40 - Spring Home & Garden 2011

Water Basics

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Make the most of watering Summer weather can be harsh on a lawn. Even the most lawn-conscious homeowner can be helpless against a summer heat wave.

One of the most effective ways to help a lawn combat summer heat is to water the lawn as effectively as possible. This is especially true for homeowners who live in areas that frequently fall victim to drought. Such areas often have drought restrictions that limit how much a homeowner can water his or her property. These restrictions highlight the importance of watering effectively. * Water deeply and infrequently. Light but frequent watering will not promote strong roots. In fact, homeowners who water too frequently can expect the growth of weeds. When watering, water deeply and infrequently. Deep water promotes strong, healthy roots and can significantly reduce the chances of a weed infestation. * Don’t waste water on the pavement. Be sure sprinklers are placed in spots where no water will be overshooting the lawn and landing on the pavement. Adjust the sprinkler heads so all the available water ends up on the grass where it belongs. * Water early. Evaporation loss is lowest in the early morning, typically between the hours of 5 to 10 a.m. This is a better time to water than at night, when watering could lead to fungal disease. * Water newly seeded or sodded lawns more frequently. Newly seeded or sodded lawns require more watering than established lawns. This is to build strong, healthy roots. However, it’s often not a good idea to sod or seed in the height of summer, so homeowners planning to do so should consult a professional before going forward with any project. * Choose a drought-resistant grass. For those who live in areas that frequently experience drought, a grass that's drought-resistant could be the best option. Grasses that are drought-resistant include Bermuda grass, tall fescue and Zoysia grass. Homeowners who want to replace their existing grass with a more drought-resistant species should consult a local lawn care professional for advice as to which grass is most likely to thrive in that particular climate or region.

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Bird feeders of many shapes and sizes While homeowners might not be able to bring the soothing sounds of the ocean to their homes, they can bring the lyrical sounds of birds chirping to their yards. Bird feeders make a wonderful addition to any lawn or garden, adding aesthetic appeal and bringing music to your ears.

Choosing a bird feeder can depend on where you'll be hanging it. But whatever the layout of your property, bird feeders come in so many shapes and sizes that you’re sure to find the right fit. * Tray (platform): These feeders are simply a big, open tray that’s easy to fill and easy for birds to access seed. What’s more, they can accommodate several birds at one time. Most birds will jump at the chance to feast at a tray feeder. There are some who will be reluctant, however, including doves, quail, sparrows and other ground feeders. However, they can certainly dine on any seed that gets spilled over. * Hopper feeders: These have plastic or glass enclosures that dole out seed as it is needed. This is a smart choice since seed isn't wasted and it’s protected when not being eaten. * Widow feeders: Before storm windows and screened-in windows infiltrated modern society, birdseed was simply strewn out on an open window sill. You can still invite birds to your window with a window feeder that mounts like a window box. Or, there are models that simply suction to the window itself. * Tube feeders: These just may be the most efficient type of feeders out there. They’re self-contained, the seed stays dry, and they hold a large amount of seed, making refilling an infrequent job. They also can feed a good number of birds at one time. * Nectar feeders: Some birds, like hummingbirds, orioles, house finches and some woodpeckers, prefer sweet nectar or sugar water over seed.

Use a nectar feeder to satisfy their sweet tooth.

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Maintain healthy soil this growing season

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A lush lawn and garden is a part of many homeowners’ dream home.

A lawn that emanates green and a garden that’s home to succulent vegetables is desirable to homeowners across the country.

Of course, such lawns and gardens take time and effort, and a host of factors will determine if a lawn and garden is something homeowners should be proud or ashamed of. One such factor is soil health. Healthy soil helps deliver food and water to plants, allowing them to thrive and add aesthetic appeal to homes. To maintain healthy soil, homeowners should consider the following tips. * Get the soil tested. When addressing soil health, it’s best to first get the soil tested. A soil test will show which type of soil you have as well as its makeup and structure, and just how good or bad it currently is.

Such tests can also reveal if the soil is missing any essential nutrients.

Some soil tests can be conducted by novice green-thumbers, while others are best left to the local agricultural bureau. These tests are a good investment, as they will remove the guesswork from fertilizing. Without a soil test, many homeowners end up overdoing it when fertilizing, which can prove a costly mistake. Take a soil sample a few months before you plan to plant or landscape to give yourself enough time to apply the test's recommendations to your lawn and garden. * Avoid wet soil. When soil is wet, don’t walk or drive over it and keep the kids out of the yard. When wet soil is walked on or driven over, the soil gets packed down, pushing out air and making it more difficult and sometimes impossible for water to pass through the soil. That makes it hard for roots to grow. Gardeners who plan to plant this gardening season should wait for the soil to dry before planting. * Use well-drained soil. Well-drained soil will dry fast and enable oxygen to reach the root zone, helping build stronger roots as a result.

Plants with strong roots are more likely to survive severe weather. * Use compost. Compost can prove very beneficial to soil health.

Organic compost is typically loaded with nutrients that, upon maturity, feed the soil and promote soil health. Biodegradable items like grass clippings, leaves and even excess food like apple cores can strengthen the compost. Even worms, which break down compost quickly and add nutrients, can be a valuable addition to organic compost. * Don’t bash bacteria. Bacteria is often seen as a formidable foe, but some bacteria can actually promote healthy soil. Bacteria decompose plant matter, releasing the nutritive value into the soil, and can also break down chemical pesticides. So while bacteria is bad more often than it’s beneficial, some bacteria are quite useful, particularly when it comes to healthy soil.

(continued on page 43)

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 43

(Continued from page 42) * Don’t be scared off by slime. Like bacteria, slime has a bad reputation. However, veteran gardeners understand that reputation isn’t warranted. Slime mold is ugly, and many new gardeners see it and instantly assume it’s bad for their garden. However, slime molds are good for the soil, helping break down dead wood and leaves. They might not add aesthetic appeal, but slime molds do serve a practical and important purpose in maintaining healthy soil.

* Pests can be an ally to healthy soil. Some garden pests like mites, millipedes and centipedes are incorrectly assumed to be enemies of healthy soil. In fact, such pests can vastly improve soil health. Mites consume dead leaves and additional plant matter, enabling bacteria to more effectively release nutrients into the soil. Millipedes and centipedes are also beneficial to soil, as their droppings improve both the soil’s texture and fertility.

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Homeowners: Learn sump pump basics

Water issues are common and c an result in many a sleeple ss night for homeowners.

Leaks or damp conditions can lead to damage in a home and a large financial investment. Sump pumps are often part of an easy water management system.

Due to high water tables or flood-prone areas, some homes are more susceptible to water infiltration. The type of soil under the home or even in the region also may contribute to water-entry issues in the home.

Homeowners may find water accumulates in the basement or crawlspace, or other low-lying areas of the residence. A sump pump can be an effective means to removing water from the home.

A sump pump is a device that pumps water out of the home to a place where it can drain properly. The pump is often placed in a sump pit, which is a hole dug into the lowest-lying point in a basement or crawl space. The pit is lined with gravel. Most sump pumps are submersible types, which means the motor and electronic components are housed within a sealed, waterproof plastic shell. The submersible pump can be placed directly in the pit in the accumulated water. A pedestal pump is another type of sump pump that elevates the motor on a stick, keeping it out of the water. Because the motor isn't contained, these pumps tend to be less expensive, but louder to use. Submersible pumps may not last as long as pedestal pumps simply because they spend a lot of time below water.

Sump pumps can work in a few different ways. A common type uses a float that rests on the surface of the water, much like the float inside of a toilet tank. When the water rises to a certain level, the float rises as well, triggering the motor to turn on and expel the water. A pump with a pressure sensor works by having the water, which is heavier than air, trigger a sensor that will activate the motor.

Inside of most sump pumps is an impeller, which looks like fan blades that spin the collected water and, through centrifugal force, pushes it

into a discharge pipe. This pipe exits the house and usually drains far away from the foundation. The discharge pipe likely has a check valve that prevents water from seeping back through the pipe into the sump pump.

Homeowners also can choose manual sump pumps. But, unlike automatic pumps, manual pumps require a person to turn the pump on and off.

Due to the fact that sump pumps are electrical devices that work off of regular household current, it’s important to have a ground fault interruptor (GFI) installed at the outlet where the pump will be plugged. This way the power can be turned off should an electrical surge take place.

Sump pumps can only be used where there are minor water problems in a home. Flooding or severe conditions may require alternative situations that are best handled by a professional service.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 45

Butterflies a spring spectacle

Many are unaware just how many steps it takes for a butter fly to be ready to fly .

1. A butterfly begins its life as an egg, which a female butterfly lays on a particular plant that the species of butterfly prefers to eat. This is called a host plant. Butterflies are very particular about the type of plant that they eat. Certain species will only eat one type of plant or closely related varieties.

2. When a butterfly hatches from the egg, it is called a larva, or a first instar caterpillar. The insect is very small and does nothing

but eat from the host plant.

3. Caterpillars are voracious eaters, and they grow very quickly.

The trouble is that their skin cannot grow. A new, larger skin must be formed. To do this the caterpillar must molt its old skin so that the new, larger skin can emerge. As it eats, a caterpillar will go through a few stages depending on the species. It may become a second, third, fourth, and fifth instar caterpillar.

4. A caterpillar that has molted several times may look very different from its initial larval form. It will be much larger and may have different colors and features. (continued on page 46)

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46 - Spring Home & Garden 2011 (continued from page 45) 5. During the final molt, the discarded skin will become part of the chrysalis that will house the caterpillar as it pupates. The

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caterpillar spins a silk girdle that attaches it to a particular location, either on a tree branch or a plant stem.

6. Contrary to popular belief, butterflies are not formed in

cocoons. Their pupa is called a chrysalis. Only some varieties of moths transform inside of a cocoon. In the chrysalis, the caterpillar is undergoing a rapid transformation. The chewing mouth-

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parts are turning into the sucking mouthparts of a butterfly. Wings and antennae are also forming.

The pupa stage is not merely a hibernation for the caterpillar. It is a time of very active growth.

7. About 10 to 14 days later the butterfly will emerge from the chrysalis. Upon doing so the wings will be wet and small. The butterfly then pumps fluids through the wings to expand them. It also needs to get used to flying. A recently hatched butterfly is very vulnerable until its wings are ready and dry.

8. An adult butterfly eats nectar and reproduces to begin the life cycle anew. Relatively speaking, a butterfly has a short life span. Some species live only a few days. Others may live up to a year.

This can make viewing a spectacularly hued butterfly in a spring garden even more poignant for the observer.

Adult butterflies looking for nectar will seek out plants in the sunlight; rarely do they feed in the shade. Plants should have red, yellow, orange, pink, or purple blossoms. Flat-topped or clustered flowers are preferred, as are short flower tubes that enable the butterfly’s proboscis to fit in easily.

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Create an affordable, attractive

garden shed

Home gardeners and lawn enthusiasts generally accumulate a number of tools of the trade in order to successfully manage their gardening needs. As a result, many homeowners build a garden shed to store all their tools and lawn care accessories.

Storage A garden shed presents an ideal way to store all of the tools and appliances needed for the weekend hobby. Plus, it enables homeowners to clear out clutter from the garage or basement. A locked garden shed can be a safe place in which to store sharp tools, fuel and some chemical products.

Looking good Just because the shed will have utility doesn’t mean it has to be an eyesore on the property. There are ways to create or purchase garden sheds that are aesthetically appealing and will blend in with the landscape or the main house.

Affordable Do-it-yourselfers who have decided to build a garden shed and want to do so affordably can shop around for lower-priced material. It may be a good idea to purchase a framing kit from a home-improvement store or online retailer and then shop around for exterior materials.

Individuals can also find used sheds from auction sites or newspaper classifieds and simply retrofit these structures to meet individual needs.

Although sheds will be exposed to the elements, because they are not liveable structures they don’t require the same level of construction as a home or addition, like a garage. This means that a homeowner is able to save some money with materials. Pressboard may be durable enough and less expensive than plywood. There’s little need for insulation or expensive windows. In fact, unless it is for a decorative standpoint, windows are unnecessary altogether.

Use leftover materials It is likely that people who have had recent upgrades made on their homes may have leftover materials that can be put to use on a garden shed. Roofing shingles, extra aluminum siding and wood trim can be used on the shed. Even leftover latex paints and stains can be use on the shed.

Prefab sheds Homeowners should visit a retailer of prefabricated sheds to see how they are made. This can provide insight as to the size and structure and the type of construction that will be needed.

If budget is not a concern, homeowners may want to purchase premade sheds that can be customized to mimic the architecture and color of the person’s home. Stained glass and cottage features can make a shed seem like an intimate retreat nestled in the yard.

Child’s play In addition to being a fine place to store garden tools, a shed can also be constructed to serve as a child’s play space. A miniature home in the yard can be a fun play zone for kids and be the centerpiece for hours of imaginative outdoor fun.

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House Styles 101 There are many different types of housing styles, each with unique features, benefits and detriments. When shopping for a new home or thinking about updating a current place, it can be wise to keep housing style in mind.

ban areas. Long, spacious homes were first seen on the country’s ranches. As they cropped up in different areas, they were still referred to as ranch-style homes or ranches. Ranch homes are very popular with seniors because most are one-level homes.

Colonial

Tudor

Colonial homes were developed during the colonial period of the United States and remain one of the most popular housing styles to date. Colonials generally have a distinct square or rectangular shape and are often large and stately. Main rooms are on the first floor of the house, while bedrooms are on the second level. A center-hall colonial can have a staircase or hallway splitting the home into two distinct sides.

Ranch

Ranch-style homes became popular in the 1960s, when many families were flocking to subur-

Tudor-style homes are reminiscent of the Tudor architectural style popular in England between 1485 and 1558. These homes are characterized by an asymmetrical floor plan, tall, thin windows, a large chimney, decorative halftimbering, and steeply pitched roofs.

Craftsman

Craftsman homes came out of the Arts & Crafts movement that spurred architectural styles as well as furniture design.

Craftsman homes are built from stone or stucco and are meant to blend in with the surrounding

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Contemporary

A contemporary or “modern” house has little ornamentation and may be asymmetrical in design. It uses glass extensively and other modern building materials. Contemporary homes are often designated by sleek, unadorned lines.

Cape Cod

Split-Level

A split-level home is a multileveled dwelling with a small staircase that leads up from the main level and another that leads down from the main level. A sidesplit may be visible when looking at the front of the home, where a backsplit may only show when looking at the side elevation of the home. A bi-level home only has two levels.

Mission

Cape Cod homes were built from the 1930s through the 1950s.

The style originated in colonial New England, but then spread to other areas of the country. The homes are usually compact and feature a center hall layout with rooms branching on either side of the hallway. Capes may be one- or two-story dwellings with small rooms and dormers that protrude out of a sharply pitched roof.

The Mission style became popular in southern areas of the country between the years 1485 and 1558. It was inspired by Mexican mansions. Mission style homes are distinguished by exterior stucco walls and parapets, or a low wall that runs at the perimeter of the roof. Mission homes also may have an arcade, or a series of arches supported by large square columns to form a large, shaded entry porch.

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 49

Compost Basics

47 things you didn’t think to compost Garden compost c an be a garden’s be st friend. Compost promote s soil health and enables plants grow to their be st ability.

Many home gardeners prefer to make their own compost.

It is easily achieved with items that normally would be disc arded, including many items that ardent gardeners may be unaware of.

Common compost materials Items like eggshells, banana peels, apple cores, paper, leaves, and coffee grounds are often included in a home compost pile. These items break down by natural bacteria and produce a rich fertilizer for plants.

Lesser-known materials There are many things that can be turned into compost. Here’s a list of common items that can be turned into compost and avoid the landfill.

1. pet hair 2. paper napkins 3. lint 4. pine needles 5. matches 6. chicken manure 7. old herbs 8. sawdust 9. weeds 10. hair clippings 11. tea bags 12. paper towels

13. bird cage cleanings 14. stale bread 15. leather 16. old pasta 17. pea vines 18. grapefruit rinds 19. newspaper 20. tissues 21. cotton swabs with paper sticks 22. dried out bouquets 23. potato chips 24. yogurt 25. shrimp shells 26. toenail clippings 27. pie crust 28. toothpicks (wood) 29. tossed salad 30. old beer 31. feathers 32. fish bones 33. envelopes 34. cardboard 35. pencil shavings 36. grocery receipts 37. dead insects 38. wool socks 39. pickles 40. dust bunnies 41. toast 42. chocolate cookies 43. oatmeal 44. tofu 45. spoiled wine 46. straw 47. nut shells

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Sunroom planting basics Gardens need not be re served strictly for the outdoors.

Creating a sunroom garden can bring the beauty of the landscape inside of your home.

Sunrooms, solariums, all-season rooms, or Florida rooms as they are sometimes called are popular spaces in many homes. They enable the homeowner to bring a touch of the outdoors inside, even when Mother Nature does not cooperate. Sunrooms can serve as a transition between the yard and home or simply be a tranquil place at home in which to retreat.

Outfitting your sunroom with plant life is much like planning your garden or potted plants around the house. There are a few steps you should take.

1. Measure the area. You want to have a balance between plants and furniture without overwhelming the space. Don’t fill the entire room; otherwise, it can seem cluttered and confusing.

2. Determine sun concentration. Depending on where your sunroom is located, you will have to address sunlight. Sunrooms facing south or west will get a lot of strong light during the day. Rooms facing east will get subtle morning light, while those facing north won't have nearly as much light. Once you determine how much light your room receives, you can choose plants that will thrive there. (continued on page 51)

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Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 51 (continued from page 50) 3. Choose your colors. Sun rooms will be enhanced mostly by the colors of foliage and flowers. Thus, keep the walls and other decor neutral in nature so that you won’t have clashing patterns. Many people choose to use wicker furniture in sunrooms, but you can put a comfy armchair or a durable sofa in there as well. A tabletop water fountain can add the effect of a babbling brook. Throw pillows and blankets in your choice of color can make the room seem lived in, as opposed to being a glorified porch.

4. Choose containers. Remember, most of your plants will be potted plants, and thus you should allow for ample growth by choosing containers that are larger than your plant; ones the plant can grow into. Choose the same material in pots or go with a similar color palette. Container plants will need to be watered more frequently than plants growing right in the ground. Specimens that are in a sunroom that receives a lot of sunlight that is quite warm may need even more water.

5. Use window treatments. A sunroom doesn’t have to be exposed all of the time. Sheer window treatments or shades or blinds that can be pulled closed allow you to create privacy when you desire it. Feel free to sit in your sunroom even when the sun sets. A vented gas stove can be lit on chilly nights, if you prefer to use the sunroom year-round.

6. Purchase no-fuss plants. Many varieties of plants are perfect for individuals who simply do not have the greenest of thumbs. If you need some inspiration and help getting your indoor garden to grow, consider these plants. * Cast Iron Plant (Aspidistra elatior) * Christmas Cactus (Zygocactus) * Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena sanderian) * Snake Plant (Sansevieria) * Pothos (Epipremnum) * Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum)

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Bug Identify all those pesky springtime pests When the warm weather arrives, people venture outdoors and animals wake up from hibernation. Many insects hatch or revive from winter slumber and can be commonly seen in and around the home.

Once temperatures rise to about 60 F, many insects start their life cycles anew with eggs or larva hatching and winged and webbed creatures rearing their attenaed heads. It can be frustrating for homeowners facing an insect infestation, especially when bugs are found in quantities inside or around the perimeter of the home.

There are many insects one might see in spring. * Ants: Small black ants, called pavement ants, come out of dormancy and begin to forage for food and nests. Although pavement ants build their colonies outdoors, they will venture inside for easy food sources. They can be nuisance pests if not quickly tackled.

Carpenter ants are large, black ants that are found in and around the home. They build nests and channels in wood, so they can be particularly troublesome to homeowners for the potential structural damage they may cause. If they are seen in number inside of the

home, there already may be an established colony inside of the walls. * Bees: Bees and wasps may overwinter in home attics or eaves and then come out of dormancy. If a large bee is seen inside of the home, chances are it is a queen looking for a good nesting area in which to lay her eggs and set up her new colony. Treat bee and wasp problems early on before established nests can be created. * Termites: Subterranean termites swarm when it is warm or in the morning. Swarming termites are those taking flight to create new nests and colonies. Swarms can be scary for homeowners as they likely indicate a termite problem inside of the house. Consult with a professional exterminator if termite infestation is suspected. * Spiders: Where there are other insects, there will be spiders to prey on them. When building a nest, spiders prefer out-of-the-way places that are dark and comfortable. There are some spiders, like the wolf spider, that will actively attack insects instead of lying in wait for a web to snare them. To keep spiders out of the home, make sure it is pest-free.

Some homeowners like spiders around the

home because they can prevent other insects from becoming nuisances. * Flies and gnats: Springtime may be a season when certain varieties of flies and gnats emerge from their infant stages and take flight. Certain flies and gnats bite, while others simply are buzzing nusiances. * House centipedes: It’s likely that homeowners will encounter house centipedes mostly in spring and fall because the insects are either coming out due to the warmer weather or retreating indoors to find a warm place to stay.

These centipedes prefer a cool, damp place to live, like a basement or bathroom, and generally lay 60 or more eggs at one time. They feed on many different insects, including spiders. But their alarming appearance, which includes 15 pairs of feathery legs, makes few homeowners content to share a residence with them.

As humans and other animals become active and enjoy the warmer weather, so, too, do many insects and arachnids. Springtime is a common season to encounter many of the “bugs� that dissapeared when winter weather reared its ugly head.

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Protect your patio this season Patios are typically the go-to spot for warm weather outdoor meals. Whether hosting friends or simply enjoying a relaxing meal under the evening sky, homeowners tend to spend as much time as possible on the patio once the weather warms up.

Because it’s such a high-traffic area, the patio should be protected from wear and tear. Wear and tear on the patio can result from Mother Nature or be a byproduct of all those spring and summer evenings spent relaxing outdoors.

Fortunately, there are a handful of ways homeowners can keep their patios looking pristine through the summer party season. *Stain the concrete. Staining concrete protects it from natural elements, which can cause the color of a patio to peel or flake.

Concrete stain penetrates deep and infuses the concrete with a permanent color that’s less likely to fall victim to the elements.

Stains are generally solid-color stains or acid stains. Solid-color stains, as their name suggests, provide a more even and solid look, while acid stains provide a more marble-like appearance.

While neither are likely to fade or peel quickly, over time an additional coat or stain might need to be applied to counter natural factors like sunlight. * Cover the furniture. Patio furniture can vary significantly in price and quality. Homeowners who picked up a few plastic chairs at the nearby grocery store might not feel furniture covers are worth the investment. For those with more expensive patio furniture, durable furniture covers that can withstand year-round weather are a sound investment. Waterproof and heat-resistant fabric is ideal, as the furniture will be vulnerable to spring rains, summer showers and high temperatures during the summer party season. Covers should also fit snugly around the furniture to provide optimal protection. *Consider retractable awnings.

Retractable awnings might cost a little money, but they can also pay homeowners back over the long haul.

First and foremost, retractable awnings protect patio from sunlight and ultraviolet rays in hot weather. A retractable awning can also protect friends

Spring Home & Garden 2011 - 53

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When placed near a window, retractable awnings can lower energy bills. Such awnings can keep sunlight and ultraviolet rays from entering the home. This lowers the temperature indoors, which reduces reliance on air conditioning units to maintain a comfortable temperature.

These awnings can also extend the life of furniture, which tends to fade when placed inside windows that get heavy sun exposure. *Plant trees. An eco-friendly way to maintain and add to a patio's aesthetic appeal is to plant trees around the patio. Trees can protect the patio from sunlight and ultraviolet radiation while providing some shade for friends and family members who want to spend some quality time outdoors on hot afternoons. In addition, trees can create a serene setting to a patio, adding to its relaxing nature.

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