Year 10 Summer Workbook - History

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AR LY Y E ARS FO U NDATION S TA G E BO O KL ET

HISTORY YEAR 10 SUM MER BO O KL ET

Dear Year 10, So far you have completed the content for Papers One and Two of GCSE History.

We are going to be revising the content for this to help with long-term memory.

We will also do some pre-learning for the final topic that you will study in Year 11 – Weimar and Nazi Germany.

Don’t forget to follow us on Twitter @Deltatrusthist and tweet us your work that you are completing, as there are prizes available!

History

WEEK 1 MEDICINE REVISION; KEY INDIVIDUALS You need to make a 5 a-side football team, choosing the 5 most significant individuals in the Medicine through Time course. Below is a squad list to choose from. Identify who you think the 5 most important are, and explain why in the table underneath. Remember, significant does not need to be good, they can be significant for negative reasons too.

We will award a prize to best team, with detailed explanations on why you have chosen them. You can watch the video below for an overview of all individuals in the Medicine course; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MMjYa3pY_o

SQUAD LIST

2

Galen

Snow

Vesalius

Lister

Harvey

Pasteur

Sydenham

Koch

Jenner

Fleming

Simpson

Florey and Chain

Nightingale

Watson and Crick

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Player

Reason

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History

TASK 2 Answer the short answer questions on key individuals in Medicine What were the Four Humours, according to Hippocrates?

How did Galen develop Hippocrates’ Theory of the Four Humours?

What did William Harvey discover during the Renaissance period?

What did Thomas Sydenham theorise caused illness?

Who developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796?

How did James Simpson improve surgery?

What did Louis Pasteur publish in 1861?

What changes did Florence Nightingale make to hospitals?

Who discovered DNA in 1953?

Which three individuals contributed to the development of Penicillin?

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WEEK 2 TASK 1 - EPIDEMICS For each epidemic, look at the source and add some detail. Firstly, identify the message of the source and then add some own knowledge to support this. Watch the link to the Pod to recap the key information.

1. Black Death 1348 Message:

Own Knowledge to support:

Recap video: https://members.gcsepod.com/shared/ podcasts/title/10643 2. The Great Plague 1665 An extract from Samuel Pepys Diary, 1665 16 October 1665 But Lord, how empty the streets are, and melancholy, so many poor sick people in the streets, full of sores, and so many sad stories overheard as I walk, everybody talking of this dead, and that man sick, and so many in this place, and so many in that. And they tell me that in Westminster there is never a physician, and but one apothecary left, all being dead – but that there are great hopes of a great decrease this week. God send it.

Message:

Own Knowledge to support:

Recap video: https://members.gcsepod.com/shared/ podcasts/title/10743

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History

3. Cholera 1830s Message:

Own Knowledge to support:

Recap video: https://members.gcsepod.com/shared/ podcasts/title/11393 4. Lung Cancer, 20th Century A 2012 Department of Health consultation on smoking, setting out the reasons why the government has taken action to limit the visibility of cigarettes.

Message:

“Evidence shows that cigarette displays in shops can encourage young people to start smoking. The figures for England show that: • 5% of children aged 11-15 are regular Own Knowledge to support: smokers • More than 300,000 children under 16 try smoking each year • 39% of smokers say that they were smoking regularly before the age of 16 Covering tobacco displays will protect children and young people from the promotion of tobacco products in shops, helping them to resist the temptation to start smoking.”

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Recap video: https://members.gcsepod.com/shared/ podcasts/title/11394

History

TASK 2 Answer the following short answer questions on the major epidemics When was the Black Death?

What percentage of the population of England died as a result of the Black Death?

How were victims of the Great Plague isolated in 1665?

What did people believe caused cholera when it arrived in England in the 1830s?

How did John Snow prove that cholera was waterborne in 1854?

Why did John Snow’s discovery have limited impact initially?

What percentage of lung cancers were linked to smoking?

What year did the government ban smoking in all public places and work places?

Which two new treatments improved survival rates of lung cancer?

When was the NHS established?

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History

WEEK 3 TASK 1 - WESTERN FRONT For each source, use the template to explain how useful it is. The first one is done for you as a model.

Source A – Stretcher bearers working on the Western Front, 1916

Useful because it shows: The difficult conditions in which stretcher bearers had to perform their job.

I know this is accurate because: The terrain in No Man’s Land was very difficult to move across and there had to be at least 5 stretcher bearers to carry one injured soldier. The terrain was even worse during major battles due to the heavy shelling that was carried out before launching an attack.

The provenance makes this more/less useful because: As a photographic source this gives us a direct insight into the challenges facing stretcher bearers on the Western Front.

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Source B – Soldiers with the British Machine Gun Corps wear gas masks in 1916 during the Battle of the Somme

Useful because it shows:

I know this is accurate because:

The provenance makes this more/less useful because:

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History

Source C - A postcard showing RAMC soldiers and an early ambulance train in 1914.

Useful because it shows:

I know this is accurate because:

The provenance makes this more/less useful because:

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TASK 2 Answer the knowledge questions on the Western Front What were the symptoms of trench foot?

What were reserve trenches for?

What was the role of the RAMC? How many British soldiers were killed on the first day of the Somme (1916)?

Name two types of gas used.

How were soldiers affected mentally by trench warfare?

What was shrapnel?

How did blood transfusions improve during the war?

How were X-Rays carried out on the Front line?

What was the Thomas Splint?

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History

WEEK 4 GERMANY PRE-LEARNING The final unit of your GCSE History is Weimar and Nazi Germany 1919-1939. You will be studying this in Year 11, but this is a good opportunity to learn some context of the position Germany was in at the end of World War One and how this impacted the country through the 1920s and 1930s.

Between 1918-23, there were a series of revolts (putsches) whereby different groups tried to take power in Germany by violent means. These revolts were caused by unhappiness with the way Germany was being ruled following the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm on 9th Nov. 1918.

TASK 1 Read through the problems facing the new government (Weimar Republic) after the conclusion of World War One. Place the challenges in order of importance, and explain the reason for your decision underneath.

1. November Criminals/stab in the back myth The Armistice was signed by Germany’s Provisional (temporary) government on 11th November 1918. A rumour circulated Germany that the ministers had surrendered even though the army was winning so that they could force the Kaiser from power. Many were angry as Germany had lost 1.7 million men to the war and 750,000 to starvation; people now believed their sacrifices had been pointless. In times of trouble, this rumour became more popular.

2. Weimar Constitution Germany had been an increasingly successful country under the authoritarian rule of the Kaiser. By comparison, there were lots of problems in Germany under the new democratic system meaning people believed the new constitution was to blame. This was the first time Germany had a fully democratic system and proportional voting meant that parties had to share power. This made them appear weak and prevented them from keeping their promises to voters as they had to water down proposals to get other parties to support them in passing new laws. This made them particularly unpopular with conservative elites who disapproved of giving power to the masses as it created a divided government with lots of smaller parties gaining influence in the Reichstag.

3. Treaty of Versailles The terms of the Treaty crippled Germany economically. Germany had to agree to pay the full costs of the war but this amount was only decided 2 years later (in 1921 the reparations bill was set at ÂŁ6.6 billion). Germany lost 10% of its land and 16% of its

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coalfields such as the Saar. This land was particularly valuable and would have helped Germany to make the reparations payments. This led to anger, particularly amongst nationalists who felt that the Treaty was an attack on Germany and had severely damaged their national pride. Furthermore, German citizens were now being ruled over by foreign governments and it seemed that the Weimar government had abandoned its citizens.

4. Communist Threat The conservative elites were worried that Germany would see a communist revolution.

Communists had taken control of Russia in 1917 and the influence of communism was spreading to Germany. The conservative elites feared a communist uprising that would strip them of their wealth and property. This seemed highly likely as there was still widespread starvation and the Weimar government appeared weak and unable to solve the economic problems. This led to clashes between opposing groups such as the Freikorps and the workers.

Order of importance: Rank

Problem

Explanation

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2

3

4

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History

WEEK 5 TASK 1 - THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES Following Germany’s defeat in World War One, the Allies met to negotiate the terms of peace. Watch the Pod on the Treaty of Versailles and its Impact on Germany and complete the questions below; https://members.gcsepod.com/shared/podcasts/title/10653

Answer

Question What was Article 231?

Why did Article 231 anger German people?

How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?

What happened in 1923 as a result of reparations?

How many troops were Germany allowed?

What percentage of land did Germany lose?

What does the term Diktat mean?

What would happen if Germany refused to sign the Treaty?

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

TASK 2 - THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES Look at the cartoon below, titled ‘Der Tag’ (The Day, published in The Daily Express in May 1919. What is the message of the source? What own knowledge could you use to support this?

What is the message of the cartoon?

What own knowledge could you use to support this?

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History

WEEK 6 TASK1 - GERMANY PRE-LEARNING Using the sources, identify what impact each will have had on the German people. The first source is completed for you as a model.

Source A – A diagram highlighting the cost of World War One for the major countries involved.

How would this impact Germany?

The war, from 1914-1918 had cost Germany more than any other country, having spent $39billion. This would have a huge impact on the people of Germany, as the cost of war will affect jobs and the prices of food at home. This could lead to food shortages, poverty and in some cases, death.

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History

Source B – A photo of the hyperinflation crisis, 1923. The German government decided to print money to help solve economic issues. The result was money became worthless.

What impact would this have on German people?

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Source C – German people scavenge the meat from a dead horse in Berlin, 1918. Food shortages have affected Germany since the naval blockade of 1917.

What impact would this have on German people?

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History

Source D – The Treaty of Versailles imposed the end of war conditions on Germany.

Among other terms, they were forced to pay ÂŁ6.6billion in reparations to other countries to help pay for the cost of war.

What impact would this have on German people?

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Source E – A newspaper reporting the abdication (stepping down0 of Germany’s leader Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. This created a power vacuum in Germany, who needed strong leadership at the time.

What impact would this have on German people?

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History

ANSWERS WEEK 1

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What were the Four Humours, according to Hippocrates?

Blood, Yellow Bile, Black Bile and Phlegm

How did Galen develop Hippocrates’ Theory of the Four Humours?

Theory of Opposites

What did William Harvey discover during the Renaissance period?

The heart worked as a pump, circulating blood around the body

What did Thomas Sydenham theorise caused illness?

External factors cause illness

Who developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796?

Edward Jenner

How did James Simpson improve surgery?

Began using chloroform as an anaesthetic, which removed the issue of pain during surgery

What did Louis Pasteur publish in 1861?

Germ Theory

What changes did Florence Nightingale make to hospitals?

Separate wards for different diseases, ventilation, easy to clean surfaces, clean bedding.

Who discovered DNA in 1953?

Watson and Crick

Which three individuals contributed to the development of Penicillin?

Fleming, Florey and Chain

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ANSWERS WEEK 2 When was the Black Death?

1348-49

What percentage of the population of England died as a result of the Black Death?

Between 33% and 50%

How were victims of the Great Plague isolated in 1665?

A red cross was painted on the door with the words ‘God Have Mercy Upon Your Soul’ written underneath

What did people believe caused cholera when it arrived in England in the 1830s?

Miasma

How did John Snow prove that cholera was waterborne in 1854?

He mapped the deaths occurring in Soho and saw they were centred around a water source – the Broad Street Pump. He removed the handle from this pump, which stopped people having access to the dirty water.

Why did John Snow’s discovery have limited impact initially?

It made little scientific sense until Pasteur published his Germ Theory

What percentage of lung cancers were linked to smoking?

85%

What year did the government ban smoking in all public places and work places?

2007

Which two new treatments improved survival rates of lung cancer?

Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy

When was the NHS established?

1948

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History

ANSWERS WEEK 3

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What were the symptoms of trench foot?

Swollen feet, gangrene

What were reserve trenches for?

Around 500 metres behind the front line – reinforcements waited there to counter enemy attacks

What was the role of the RAMC?

Moving casualties away from the Front (evacuation)

How many British soldiers were killed on the first day of the Somme (1916)?

20,000

Name two types of gas used.

Mustard, Chlorine, Phosgene

How were soldiers affected mentally by trench warfare?

Shellshock/PTSD – soldiers were exposed to death, destruction and artillery bombardment that caused psychological illness

What was shrapnel?

Metal objects and fragments from explosions

How did blood transfusions improve during the war?

Blood was stored prior to it being needed – the first blood bank was set up in preparation for the Battle of Cambrai

How were X-Rays carried out on the Front line?

Mobile X-Ray units

What was the Thomas Splint?

A broken leg would be strapped before moving, preventing further damage

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ANSWERS WEEK 5

What was Article 231?

Germany was solely to blame for the outbreak of World War One

Why did Article 231 anger German people?

They felt that Germany had acted in self-defence

How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?

6.6billion

What happened in 1923 as a result of reparations?

Missed the payment and the French army invaded the Ruhr

How many troops were Germany allowed?

100,000

What percentage of land did Germany lose?

13%

What does the term Diktat mean?

It was a dictated peace – Germany were not allowed to negotiate.

What would happen if Germany refused to sign the Treaty?

War would start again and Germany would be invaded

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

June 28 1919

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