LungShield Syrup Information Catalog

Information Catalog

Contents LungShield® Syrup for Kids........................................................................................................................................................................3 Ingredients ........................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Dosage & Directions....................................................................................................................................................................................3 Ingredients...........................................................................................................................................................................................4 Elderberry Extract.........................................................................................................................................................................................4 Zinc Gluconate................................................................................................................................................................................................4 Magnesium..................................................................................................................................................................................4 Molybdenum................................................................................................................................................................................5 Vitamin D............................................................................................................................................................................................................5 Vitamin A............................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Vitamin C............................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Vitamin B12.......................................................................................................................................................................................................7 LungShield® Board Game.....................................................................................................................................................................8-9 References............................................................................................................................................................................10

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LungShield® Syrup for LungShield® Syrup for Kids was scientifically developed to promote healthy lungs in children.

LungShield® Syrup combines a blend of immune boosting and oxidative stress reducing ingredients which have shown to assist in the treatment of asthma and respiratory infections in children.

LungShield® Syrup can also be taken as a daily immune boosting supplement for children, especially nearing wintertime.

Ingredients (Each 5ml contains) Sambucus nigra

53,33 mg

Vitamin A

1 000 iu

Vitamin C Vitamin D3 Vitamin E Magnesium Citrate Zinc Gluconate

35 mg 200 iu 5 mg 125 mg 25 mg

Dosage & Directions Children 2-3 years: 2,5ml daily Children 4-6 years: 5ml daily Children 6-12 years: 5ml twice daily Children over 12 years and adults: 10ml daily Infants under 2 years to use under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

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Ingredients Elderberry Extract Elderberry extract is high in vitamin C which is a natural immune booster with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Elderberry is good source of phenolic acids, flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) and anthocyanins (compound that gives the fruit its dark purple colour). Phenolic acids and flavonols like quercetin are powerfull antioxidants.

Anthocyanins contain both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

A study of consisting 64 people who’d been experiencing flulike symptoms for 48 hours or less were given 15 millilitres of either elderberry syrup or placebo syrup four times a day, without knowing which one they’d been given. On average, those who took elderberry saw their symptoms clear up four days sooner than the people given the placebo syrup.

In another study Australian researchers showed that taking elderberry before an overseas flight may protect against the cold viruses that can wreak havoc in a plane’s tight quarters and stagnant air. Over the course of 20 months, they gave 312 international air travellers either 600 to 900 milligrams of elderberry extract capsules or a placebo starting 10 days before their trip. The participants kept taking elderberry (or the placebo) until four or five days after they returned home, and they tracked any cold symptoms they experienced during or after their trip. Sure enough, more people in the placebo group got sick, and they reported harsher and longer-lasting cold symptoms than those who’d taken elderberry extract.

A third trial had people experiencing flu-like symptoms take lozenges containing 175 milligrams of elderberry extract four times a day for two days. “After 24 hours, they reported less fever, nasal congestion, muscle pain, and headaches,” says Irina Todorov, M.D., an integrative physician at the Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Integrative and Lifestyle Medicine.

In conclusion Elderberry extract can be beneficial as co-therapy in the treatment of Bronchial asthma caused by oxidative damage. It can also be used as co-therapy for cold and flu symptoms.

Zinc Gluconate Zinc is an essential nutrient that is required in numerous processes in the body, including; DNA synthesis, immune function, wound healing, cell growth, apoptosis, and cell invasion. Studies have shown that zinc has anti-bacterial and antiinflammatory properties. Some clinical trials have shown that Zinc can reduce the duration of cold symptoms. Other studies have shown that Zinc decrease airway inflammation and hyper responsiveness to other allergens, this suggest that Zinc could assist patients who suffer from asthma caused by allergens

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Zinc delays oxidative processes on a long-term basis by inducing the expression of metallothioneins. These metalbinding cysteine-rich proteins are responsible for maintaining zinc-related cell homeostasis and act as potent electrophilic scavengers and cytoprotective agents. Furthermore, zinc increases the activation of antioxidant proteins and enzymes, such as glutathione and catalase. On the other hand, zinc exerts its antioxidant effect via two acute mechanisms, one of which is the stabilization of protein sulfhydryl against oxidation. The second mechanism consists in antagonizing transition metal-catalysed reactions. Zinc can exchange redox active metals, such as copper and iron, in certain binding sites and attenuate cellular site-specific oxidative injury.

Magnesium Magnesium is a mineral required for several functions in the human body. It acts as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes, regulating a number of fundamental functions such as: muscle contraction, protein synthesis, nerve function, blood glucose control, hormone receptor binding, cardiac excitability, transmembrane ion flux and blood pressure control. Moreover, magnesium also plays a vital role in energy production: crucial for ATP metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Magnesium also plays a role in DNA, RNA and glutathione synthesis.

These are all crucial factors needed in the growth, development and neurological wellbeing of children.

Unfortunately, magnesium deficiency is a common and widespread problem. If left untreated, it will inevitably lead to metabolic dysregulation and many physical and mental health concerns Several studies have indicated that dietary magnesium were associated with an improvement in lung function, as measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV). While the mechanism of action is not entirely understood, it is possible that magnesium acts via anti-inflammatory effect and reduces lung inflammation along with the role of magnesium in regulating bronchoconstrictors such as acetylcholine (Ach) and histamine.

Magnesium is also a bronchodilator; it relaxes the bronchial muscles and expands the airways allowing more air to flow

in and out of the lungs. This can relieve symptoms of asthma such as shortness of breath In conclusion magnesium can reduce oxidative stress through glutathione production and also improve lung function by reducing inflammation and regulation broncho-constrictors such as histamine and Acetylcholine.redox active metals, such as copper and iron, in certain binding sites and attenuate cellular site-specific oxidative injury.

Molybdenum Molybdenum is an essential element. Molybdenum is a cofactor in xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, sulphite oxidase and mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component.

In each case, molybdenum is bound to a complex, multiring organic component called molybdopterin, forming the entity molybdenum cofactor. Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of purines to uric acid. The aldehyde oxidase ortholog is involved in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous N-heterocyclic compounds. Sulfite oxidase catalyse the terminal reaction in the degradation of sulphur amino acids cysteine and methionine.

Bioavailability of molybdenum is fairly high but depends on form, with molybdenum preparations having greater bioavailability than food-bound molybdenum. Molybdenum deficiency and toxicity are rare, possibly because of the body’s ability to adapt to a wide range of molybdenum intake levels. At low intakes of molybdenum, the fractional transfer of molybdenum from plasma to urine is lower and a greater fraction is deposited into tissues, and at high intakes of molybdenum, the opposite occurs. Molybdenum is trace mineral that is essential for life.

Vitamin D3 Vitamin D3 is an essential nutrient stimulates intestinal calcium absorption. Without vitamin D, only 10–15% of dietary calcium and about 60% of phosphorus are absorbed. Vitamin D sufficiency enhances calcium and phosphorus absorption by 30–40% and 80%, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency affects almost 50% of the population worldwide. An estimated 1 billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups, have a vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency normally presents with bone pain and muscle weakness. However, for many people, the symptoms are subtle. Yet, even without symptoms, too little vitamin D can pose health risks.

LungShield® syrup contains 200IU Vitamin D3 which is below the recommended dietary allowances.

The reason for this is that Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is uncommon in South Africa as seen in a study by Poopedi, Norris and Pettifor of 385 children in the Greater Johannesburg area of South Africa it was found that Vitamin D deficiency was only 7 % whereas insufficiency was 19 %.

Vitamin D Receptors is present all over the body including in antigen-presenting cells, with known direct effects on innate and adaptive immunity.

Vitamin D decreases cell proliferation and increases cell differentiation, stops the growth of new blood vessels, and has significant anti-inflammatory effects.

New studies carried out by The University of Western Australia have found that Vitamin D deficiency correlates to poor respiratory functioning. Researchers’ measured serum Vitamin D levels, lung function and respiratory symptoms in more than 5000 patients and found that low levels of Vitamin D were associated with respiratory illness such as asthma and bronchitis.

A new study carried out by The University of Western Australia, the Busselton Health Study and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital has found vitamin D deficiency can contribute to poor respiratory functioning and health in middle-aged adults.

The researchers measured serum vitamin D levels, lung function and respiratory symptoms in more than 5000 baby boomers at the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study and found that low levels of vitamin D were associated with respiratory illnesses such as asthma and bronchitis, and respiratory symptoms common to these conditions including wheezing and chest tightness.

Studies have found that the severity chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be reduced with vitamin D supplementation and may be caused as a result of Vitamin D deficiency.

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Vitamin A Vitamin A plays a vital role in maintaining your body’s natural defences. This includes the mucous barriers in your eyes, lungs, gut and genitals which help trap bacteria and other infectious agents. It’s also involved in the production and function of white blood cells, which help capture and clear bacteria and other pathogens from your bloodstream. This means that a deficiency in vitamin A can increase your susceptibility to infections and delay your recovery when you get sick.

Vitamin A is necessary for normal differentiation of epithelial tissues, the visual process and reproduction, and is vital for the optimal maintenance and functioning of the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most profuse nutritional deficiencies worldwide. It is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Vitamin A also has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent. Supplementation with vitamin A has been found to be beneficial in a number of inflammatory conditions, including skin disorders such as acne vulgaris, broncho-pulmonary dysplasia and some forms of precancerous and cancer states. The present review suggests that vitamin A deficiency induces inflammation and aggravates existing inflammatory states. Supplementation with vitamin A in selected cases could decrease inflammation. The two main mechanisms which appear to be involved in the prevention of disease are the effects of vitamin A on the immune system and the effect on epithelial integrity.

LungShield® Syrup combines a blend of immune boosting and oxidative stress reducing ingredients which have shown to assist in the treatment of asthma and respiratory infections in children. LungShield® syrup is alcohol free and diabetic friendly with no added sugar and artificial sweeteners or flavourings. LungShield® syrup can also be taken as a daily immune boosting supplement especially during cold and flu season.

Vitamin C Vitamin C is a micronutrient essential for a host of physiological processes in the body. This includes: development and maintenance of connective tissue, bone formation, wound healing and maintenance of healthy gums. Vitamin C helps in the synthesis and metabolism of tyrosine, tryptophan and folic acid, the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids (lower blood cholesterol), the hydroxylation of glycine, proline, lysine and catecholamine and acts as an antioxidant that protects the body against free radicals.

Bioavailability or the effective concentration of vitamin C essentially depends on its effective absorption from intestine and renal excretion. Reduced bioavailability of vitamin C is often seen in stress, alcohol intake, smoking, fever, viral illnesses, usage of antibiotics and pain killers, exposure to petroleum products or carbon monoxide and heavy metals toxicity.

Studies have shown that Vitamin C stimulate the immune system by enhancing T-cell proliferation in response to an infection. Vitamin C also supports various cellular functions in both the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin C deficiency results in impaired immunity and higher susceptibility to infection.

In turn infections significantly impact Vitamin C levels due to increased inflammation and metabolic requirements. This shows that Vitamin C supplementation can both prevent and treat respiratory tract infections. Another clinical use of vitamin C is to increase nonheme-iron absorption in the small intestine.

Vitamin C reduces dietary iron and allows for efficient transport across the intestinal epithelium. Food sources of vitamin C or supplements, when consumed with iron, may lead to increased haemoglobin production in anaemic patients.

In conclusion Vitamin C is important in child development. It’s also a strong antioxidant which can help reduce damage to cells caused by free radicals which in turn reduces inflammation. Vitamin C is highly concentrated in immune cells which suggest that it’s an immune boosting agent.

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Vitamin C is in all likelihood the best known and proven immune support supplement.

Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient for humans, with pleiotropic functions related to its ability to donate electrons. It is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for a family of biosynthetic and gene regulatory enzymes. Vitamin C contributes to immune defense by supporting various cellular functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin C supports epithelial barrier function against pathogens and promotes the oxidant scavenging activity of the skin, thereby potentially protecting against environmental oxidative stress.

Vitamin C deficiency results in impaired immunity and higher susceptibility to infections. In turn, infections significantly impact on vitamin C levels due to enhanced inflammation and metabolic requirements. Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin C appears to be able to both prevent and treat respiratory and systemic infections.

Prophylactic prevention of infection requires dietary vitamin C intakes that provide at least adequate, if not saturating plasma levels (i.e., 100–200 mg/day), which optimize cell and tissue levels.

Vitamin B12 Vitamin B-12 is an essential nutrient that keeps the body functioning properly. Symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency include fatigue, low mood, and nerve problems. The human body does not create vitamin B-12, so people must get this nutrient from their diet. It is crucial for making DNA and red blood cells, and it helps support the nervous system. A fast heart rate may be a symptom of vitamin B-12 deficiency. The heart may start to beat faster to make up for the reduced number of red blood cells in the body.

Anemia puts pressure on the heart to push a higher volume of blood around the body and to do it more quickly. This response is the body’s way of trying to ensure that enough oxygen circulates through all of the body’s systems and reaches all the organs.

Anemia that results from vitamin B-12 deficiency may cause a person to feel a little short of breath. It is possible to link this to a lack of red blood cells and a fast heartbeat.

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Anyone who is experiencing real difficulty breathing should see a doctor straight away.

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GAME ON

Daily Immune Support

Step 1: Cut out the characters and die from the back of the booklet and colour them in.

Step 2: Place all characters on start Step 3: The youngest player rolls the die first and then play in a clockwise direction.

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Step 4: On your turn, roll the die and move your character the amount of spaces as shown on the die. If you land on a ladder, you climb the ladder to the space shown. If you land on a slime, you slide down the slime to the space shown.

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Step 5: See who can reach the finish line first!

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Support for colds,

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Unique formulation containing black elderberry Slide down to space 27 Climb up to space 47

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Complete Multi-vitamin & mineral supplement

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Slide down to space 32 Support for Asthma & lower respiratory infections

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References Kirkham, P & Rahman, I (2005). Oxidative stress in asthma and COPD: Antioxidants as a therapeutic strategy. Respiratory Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.015

Chang, S & Lee, H (2019). Vitamin D and health – The missing vitamin in humans.

Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital. DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.007

Brown, K.H, Peerson, J.M & Wuehler, S.E (2001).

The importance of zinc in human nutrition and estimation of the global prevalence of zinc deficiency. International Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California. DOI: 10.1177/156482650102200201

Chambial, S, Dwivedi, S, John, P.J, Sharma, P & Shukla, K.K (2013). Vitamin C in Disease Prevention and Cure: An Overview. DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0375-3

Brown, K.H, Drake, V.J, Ho, E, Huang, L, Peerson, M & Wuehler S.E (2015). Zinc. Advances in Nutrition, Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2015, Pages 224–226. DOI:10.3945/an.114.006874 Al Alawi, A.M, Falhammar, H & Majoni, S.W (2017).

Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions. International Journal of Endocrinology. DOI: 10.1155/2018/9041694 Genuis, S.J & Schwalfenberg, G.K (2017).

The Importance of Magnesium in Clinical Healthcare. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4179326 Frei, B, Lykkesfeldt, J & Michels, A.J (2014).

Vitamin C. Advances in Nutrition, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 16–18. DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0375-3 10

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Wadstein, J, Wollan, T & Zakay-Rones, Z (2004).

Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. DOI: 10.1177/147323000403200205 Department of Virology, Hebrew UniversityHadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.

(2016). DOI: 10.3390/nu8040182 Lea, R.L, Tiralongo, E & Wee, S.S. Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia

Babusikova E, Jurecekova J, Evinova A, Jesenak M, Dobrota D. Oxidative damage and bronchial asthma. In: Ghanei M, editor. Respiratory Diseases. Rijeka: InTech (2012). p. 151–76.

Babusikova E, Jesenak M, Racay P, Dobrota D, Kaplan P. Oxidative alternations in rat heart homogenate and mitochondria during ageing.

Gen Physiol Biophys (2008) 27:115–20.

Poopedi, M.A., Norris, S.A. & Pettifor, J.M. 2011.

Factgors influencing the vitamin D status of 10-year-old urban South African children.

Public Health Nutr. 2011 Feb, 14(2):334-339.

Reifen, R (2002). Vitamin A as an antiinflammatory agent. DOI: 10.1079/PNS2002172

Quality and Product Development DB Pharmaceuticals is a registered, Grade A certified pharmacy under the South African Pharmacy Council (SAPC) – with registration number Y60310.

The manufacturing facility is licensed with the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) which is only granted after a positive GMP inspection by the regulator.

We are fully compliant with the current South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) and the Medicines and Related Substances Control Amendment Act, No. 19 of 1976 requirements for Category D – Complementary Medicines.

The manufacturing plant is further accredited by the South African Pharmacy Council as a pharmacy owner, grading certificate Grade A, and recording of a pharmacy.

DB Pharmaceuticals welcomes SAHPRA’s approach to regulate the manufacture and sale of Complementary Medicines and Health Supplements which we believe will result in a safer, more efficient experience for patients who seek quality natural health products.

Certification of the manufacturing plant also includes a Department of Health Manufacturing Pharmacy certificate and a Certificate of Acceptability for Food Premises and is registered with the South African National Department of Health.

All our products old and new have been developed by our two in-house responsible pharmacists who have 37 years of experience between them.

Once products and formulations have been researched and developed the formulation is sent to our team of specialist formulary pharmacists at the manufacturing site who review and test formulations against recent research to ensure safety, quality, and efficacy.

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36 Sovereign Drive, Route 21 Corporate Park, Irene, Centurion Gauteng, South Africa 0062 info@lungshield.co.za www.lungshield.co.za Helpline: 012 111 8313 Like & Follow us: