XỬ LÍ NƯỚC CẤP TS NGUYỄN NGỌC DUNG

TRut)NG DAI HOC KI�N TRUC HA NOI ·

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TS. NGudN NGQc »UNf

CCAP �-

((;idotrlnh dunj cha chuyen nganh cd'p va thoat n116'c) (Tai bdn)

NHA XUAT BAN xAY D\ING HA NQf-2005

1.2. Cac chi tieu v, hoe. b90 Ham lugng c�n to&n. phlln (m.g/l) : bao g6m tflt cl ci\c chit vo co vi huu ca co trong nulfc, kh6ng ki c4c chft khl. Ctn toln ph4n duqc xilc dinh blng etch dun cho btSc hoi mQt dung tich nttbc ngu6n nh«t djnh vA af.y khO {j nhitt dO (105 + 110°C) din khi tr«;mg htqng kh6ng ddi.

Dt; cung cua. n.u6c : la _da,.i l!,t(ing bilu thJ hlm hiqng _d.c mu6i cua .can xi vA ma.git co trong nubc. Co thl phln bitt t�b� ba lofi dO cltng. : d«) �\Ing .t'1tl thbi, d(& cling vinh crtu �l dO 'ci1ng toln ph4n. DO cdng. toln ph4n bifu tht · tdng hlm btq�g etc mu.Si cacbonat vl bicacbonat ct\a carud vl mapA. cd trong nuOc .. DO cntng vlnh cllu bilu thJ tdng . hkm luqng c4c muSi · cbn lrµ cda. canxl vA mast& cd trong nude. DO cltng tot.n pbd'.n ll tdng cda hai IOQJ.ll dO cdng tr&n. DO cdng cd thl duc,c do blng d_O D\tc3 kl hltu ll 0dH, 1�dH bbg 10 mg CaO hate 7, 14 mg MgO cd trong 1 Ut · ru.tbc, hctc cd thl do blng mltfi/1. Trong do 1 mgdl/! = · 2,8°dH. · Nu6c cd dO cdng cao gly trcl npl cho: ��h: . hott vi. �� -��«t.:. sftt q�4n Ao t6n xA phbng, n«u th\tc In llu chin. gly dd�g ct,n n�l hoi, glim ch�t biqng al� ph«m ... . �rang nubc (pH = - lg[H+ ]). Tfo.h D� pH cua nude : duqc dtc, minr: bai ndng d' ._ ,lon. . c�t cua nul:rc ddcjc x4c dlnh theo c4c gl4 tq khtic nhau cua pH. Khi pH = 7 nttbc co tfnh trungdnb, pH <7 n11lsc mang tinh u{t v� kbi pH>7 nul9c cd t!nh ki,m. N\!Oc ngu6n cod¢ pH th.Ip sl g&y khd khln cha qufi trlnh xi U nubc.

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D� ki!m cda nr.tdc. (m.gdl/1) · :·= cd -thtf ph�n bitt tblnh dO ·ldlm toln.· phin vl rilang phh.

DO kiim toln ph,n bao gdm ·tdn1 hltil htQng. c4c ion: bicad,Cnat, cicb6nat, hydr6xit vl anion cda caic mu6i ch etc ult yi'u Ktf = . {Olrl + [C0,2-] + �COi ] . Khi nltbc thiln nhi&n cd dO mlu lbn ( >40 dO c6ban). dO kitm toln phlln sl. bao gtim cl dO kfjm d� m.udl cda cAc ult htru ca BIY ra. Ngubl. ta �� ph&n bltt. dO ldGm ri��I. pltb nhu : dO ld,m-. bicacb6nat hay dO kiGm hydrat. DO klim ell, �u&·cd i.nh hltcln1 tf\tc tifp din t6c dO· vl -hi•u qui xur U nu�. vt th« t�ng mot 16 trulfnt hqp n11bc ngul!n cd dO ki4m thl:p, c6tn thift phii bd sung . hda ch&lt df kiim hda nulsc. . hft c4c hqp chit D� 6xi h6C1 . (mg/l O2 ha.y KMnO,I) ; ll lttQni, 6zl eiin thiit dd C:d ·hilu ca c6 trong nufsc. Chi tltu 6x_l. hda ll d,t !11C,ng di dtnh gill so bO mdc dO nhiim b!l:n c1'!a nguan 1utOc. DQ Oxl hda cda ngu6n mtbc clng cao, ch\tng t6 :ru.tl1c bi nhilm ban vi! chlim nhltu vi trung.

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Hlim luqng sdt (mg/l) : s4t t6n q.1 trong nulfc dutai dt.ng sit (II) ho�c si!t (III). Trong mtbc ngCm, sit thullng tGn tr,.l du& dt,ng sit (Il) hba tan c�a \CaC mu6i bicacbanat., sunfat» clorua, d6i khi iJ d'ttbl d,ng keo ct\a ult humlc hoJc keo sUic. Khi tifp xuc veJi C:d ho4c c4c cMt O:d hda, sit (II) bj Cxi hda thlnh sit (Ill) vl kft tu.a thlnh b6ni ctn Fe�OH)J co mlu nl:u do. Nu�c ng,m th\tbng cd him l11qng 8't cao, dai khi lin tOi SOmg/l hotc cd thf cbn cae hon ntla. N1.tbc mtt chfa s&t (llI)· a daµig keo hflu ca hotc cin huyin phu, thti'bng co ham htqng khOng cao vl cd thl khit.e4t kit bqp v{d cOng ngh• khlt d\ic. Vite ti@'n M.nh khi! s!t chu ytu ddi vOi cac ngu6n nu6c nglm. Khi trong nul1c co hlm h.!Qng sit >0,5mg/l, nt1oc 8