Referencing APA (2 of 3)

What is a DOI and how do I use them in citations?

A DOI, or Digital Object Identifier, is a string of numbers, letters and symbols used to uniquely identify an article or document, and to provide it with a permanent web address (URL).

A DOI will help your reader easily locate a document from your citation. Think of it like a Social Security number for the article you're citing — it will always refer to that article, and only that one. While a web address (URL) might change, the DOI will never change.

Where can I find a DOI?

In most scholarly journal articles, the DOI will be printed with the article itself, usually on the first page somewhere: below the title or in the header or footer.

If the DOI isn't included in the article, look it up on the website crossref.org (use the "Search Metadata" option) to check for an assigned DOI.

Referencing APA (3 of 3)

e

Griffith University. (2023). The purpose of business. Module X. Topic Xxxx. Retrieved 18 March 2023 from lms.griffith.edu.au/courses/14221

Or if multiple modules:

Griffith University. (2023). The purpose of business. Modules 2-4. Topics Xxxx, Xxxx, Xxxx. Retrieved 18 March 2023 from lms.griffith.edu.au/courses/14221

APA Referencing Guide: griffith.edu.au/library/study/referencing/apa-7