Large-scale mapping of Great Britain

Large-scale mapping of Great Britain

English counties / 1 - 82 Welsh counties / 83 - 85 Scottish counties / 86 - 88 The Ordnance Survey / 89 Town and regional Plans / 90 - 100

XXXXX

ENGLISH COUNTIES

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Large-scale mapping of Great Britain

Introduction

Welcome to the latest catalogue from Daniel Crouch Rare Books, which is devoted to the large-scale mapping of Great Britain from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century.

Although the first systematic mapping of the British Isles began with Christopher Saxton’s ‘Atlas of England and Wales’ in 1579, it was not until the middle of the seventeenth century, with the advance of surveying tools and techniques, that the first large-scale maps began to be produced. The form would reach its apogee in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, and culminate in the production of one the greatest mapping projects ever conceived: the Ordnance Survey.

While the overwhelming majority of the large-scale output was of counties, the very first large-scale map, on a scale of two inches to the mile, was of the Fens by Jonas Moore (item 6) in 1658. The map was commissioned by the newly formed Bedford Level Company, who intended to drain the southern part of the Fens to make them suitable for agriculture.

No other seventeenth century surveys would be mapped on such a grand scale, with John Seller’s map of Surrey (item 63) being produced on the modest half an inch to the mile.

The first large scale county survey, on a scale of one inch to the mile, was Gascoyne’s nine sheet map of Cornwall published in around 1700. This would be followed by surveys of Shropshire by Wood in 1710, Budgen’s Sussex in 1724 (item 66), Warburton’s Essex, Middlesex, and, Hertfordshire 1726 (item 39), John Senex’s Surrey in 1729, Gordon’s Bedfordshire in 1736 (item 1), and Beighton’s Warwickshire in 1727.

However, it would not be until the second half of the eighteenth century that the subject would reach its peak, the catalyst for which was an advertisement by the Royal Society of Arts in 1762 proposing “to give a sum not exceeding £100 in gratuity to any person… who shall make an accurate survey of any county upon the scale of one inch to one mile; the sea coasts of all maritime counties to be correctly laid down, together with their latitudes and longitudes; and they desire that they may be able to procure satisfactory proofs of the merit of such performance, and if any person do propose to make such a survey they are desired to signify their particular intentions. As further encouragement, the surveyor that will give an exact and accurate level, and section of the rivers in any county surveyed that are capable of being made navigable shall be entitled to an additional gratuity”. Eleven notifications were received within the first six years of the Society’s pronouncement, not all of which were successful.

The first person to submit their survey to the committee was Isaac Taylor, whose survey of Dorset (item 17), was rejected as the place-names proved too inaccurate to pass the scrutiny of the county gentry. The first successful submission was Benjamin Donn’s map of Devon (item 15). The work was a model of its type, accurately surveyed, well presented, and finely engraved by the leading map engraver and publisher of his day, Thomas Jefferys. By the time the scheme was wound up in 1809, some 13 surveys had received awards totalling £460, with four gold medals, three silver medals, and one silver plate.

Although the prize was awarded to no less than nine individuals, with many more submitting their work, late eighteenth century large-scale mapping was dominated by three figures: John Rocque, Thomas Jefferys, and William Faden. Rocque, geographer to George III, and most famed for his large scale maps of London, produced surveys of Berkshire, Middlesex (items 40 and 41), Shropshire (item 55), and Surrey (item 64), and his publications were continued by his widow, Mary Ann. Jefferys, cartographer to the Prince of Wales, not only engraved Donn’s map of Devon, but also published some 16 surveys, most notable among them being his vast map of Yorkshire (item 79). The huge cost of these surveys contributed to his slide into insolvency in 1766.

Faden, on the other hand, managed to publish some 22 surveys without going bankrupt.

He did this in the main by reissuing many of Jefferys’ maps, which he had acquired following the latter’s death in 1771. He did, however, receive awards from the Society for his maps of Hampshire published in 1791 (item 26), and Sussex in 1795.

With the founding of the Ordnance Survey (OS) in 1790, under the control of Lieutenant-Colonel William Mudge, the state took an increasingly active role in the mapping of the country, producing its first map, of Kent (item 32) in 1801. Although the OS contributed to the demise of the private publisher of large-scale county maps, there was a late and great flowering of the form in the late 1810s, led by Andrew Bryant, and the brothers John and Christopher Greenwood. The Greenwoods surveyed 34 counties a scale of an inch to the mile; as Bryant completing a total of 13 on the larger scale of one and half inches to the mile, between them they succeeded in surveying all of the English counties bar Cambridgeshire.

After Bryant and the Greenwoods, the field of large-scale mapping was dominated by the OS. Under the leadership of Mudge, and from 1820, Major-General Thomas Colby, the OS mapped all of England south of Preston and Hull by 1844 (item 89), and continued until the 1870s. OS productions became the gold standard for British cartography, as they are today.

Surveying and mapmaking were long, difficult, and often thankless tasks.

Thomas Martyn spent 15 years on his survey of Cornwall; the prize won by Benjamin Donn’s map of Cornwall only covered a fraction of the cost; and OS surveyors faced suspicion and even violence in the rural communities they covered. Despite their labour, the mapmakers in this catalogue often ended up poor, or without adequate recognition. Their work is certainly appreciated now, and each item in this catalogue contributed to the moment when all of the United Kingdom could be represented accurately on a map.

Dedicated to a smelly Duke

1

GORDON, William An Accurate Map of the County of Bedford actually surveyed after a New Method by William Gordon, Gent, 1736.

Publication 1736.

Description Engraved map on two sheets (each 480 by 660mm).

Dimensions (if joined) 960 by 1320mm (37.75 by 52 inches).

William Gordon is known only through the production of two surveys, of Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire.

The seats of local gentry are shown with small shields bearing the arms of the inhabitants next to them. A two inch grid has been engraved over the map with letters in the borders forming a reference key to the Index Villaris, which lists “Names of Places and Chief Persons” of over 160 towns and villages in the county.

The map is dedicated to Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent, and Lord Lieutenant of Bedford. Grey was a rather unsuccessful politician, who was nicknamed “Bug” in the House of Lords for his unpleasant body odour. He was more successful as a patron of the Royal Academy of Music, and a founding governor of the Foundling’s Hospital.

References Rodger 1.

£2,800.00

BEDFORDSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Jefferys’ fine map of Bedfordshire

2

JEFFERYS, Thomas; AINSLIE, John; DONALD, Thomas; and Joseph HODKINSON The County of Bedford Surveyed Anno MDCCLXV and Engraved

by Thomas Jefferys Geographer to His Majesty. [together with] The County of Bedford Reduced from the Eight Sheet Survey By Thos. Jefferys Geographer to his Majesty.

Publication London, 1765.

Description Engraved map on eight sheets, fine original full-wash colour, inset plan upper right, together with the map reduced onto one sheet, fine original full-wash colour, with contemporary manuscript annotations.

Dimensions (if joined) 1880 by 1160mm (74 by 45.75 inches). Key sheet: 690 by 460mm (27 by 18 inches).

Scale Two inches to one statute mile.

References Roger 2 and 3.

£5,000.00

BEDFORDSHIRE

Jefferys’ finely engraved large-scale map of the county of Bedfordshire, in original full-wash colour; together with the rare key sheet.

Thomas Jefferys was involved in one capacity or another in no less than ten English large-scale surveys in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The present map of Bedfordshire was his second foray, having engraved Benjamin Donn’s award winning map of Devon in the same year. A great amount of detail is marked on the map, including market towns, parishes, churches, seats or noted houses, farms, cottages, parks, turnpike roads, enclosed roads, open roads, roads opened on one side, distances from London marked in print numerals, distances from Bedford marked in common numerals, and names of Roman roads marked in gothic script. To the lower right is a fine title cartouche depicting a rural scene; to the upper right is an inset plan of Bedford and scale bar. The map also bears a dedication to the Duke of Bedford at the lower left.

Jefferys was one of the most important map publishers of the eighteenth century. He was appointed Cartographer to Frederick, Prince of Wales in 1748, and later provided the same office to Frederick’s son George III. Apart from his publishing business he produced important atlases and maps of America and the West Indies, and surveyed and engraved many large-scale maps of English counties. The huge cost involved in these projects was a major contribution to his slide into insolvency and he became bankrupt in 1766. Surprisingly, it made little difference to his business activities, “having found some friends who have been compassionate enough to re-instate me in my shop”. One of these friends was Robert Sayer, who joined him in partnership and whose imprint appeared on the later editions of some of Jefferys’ large-scale surveys.

John Ainslie (1745-1828) began his career as an apprentice to Thomas Jefferys in 1762. It is with Jefferys, it is assumed, that Ainslie first learned the talents that made him the greatest British land-surveyor of his generation. Jefferys would have taught him the mechanics of the map and print-trade: engraving, but more significantly, surveying and mapmaking.

As the Seven Years’ War and its American phase, the French and Indian War, drew to a close, Jefferys turned his attention away from military mapping to large-scale surveys of the English counties. These country maps were produced with Ainslie and fellow apprentice Thomas Donald, and Joseph Hodkinson (fl.1765-1812) taking a leading role. They produced maps of Bedfordshire (the present map around 1765; six sheets), Buckinghamshire (1770; four sheets), Cumberland (1770; six sheets) and Yorkshire (1772; 20 sheets).

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Bedfordshire

3

GREENWOOD, Christopher Map Of the County of Bedford.

From an Actual Survey made in the Year 1825.

Publication London, Christopher & John Greenwood, 1825.

Description Engraved map in fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, housed in green morocco pull-off slipcase Dimensions 1050 by 890mm (41.25 by 35 inches).

References Rodger 7; Worms and Baynton-Williams, pp.278-230.

£1,500.00

BEDFORDSHIRE

A fine large-scale map of Bedford from the Greenwood brothers’ series of county maps. The county is divided into parishes and hundreds. It shows towns and villages, and places populous enough to send members to Parliament are marked. There is a view of Woburn Abbey, seat of the Dukes of Bedford.

The cartographic partnership of Christopher (1786-1885) and John (1791-1867) Greenwood set new standards for large-scale surveys. Although they were unsuccessful in their stated aim to map all the counties of England and Wales it is probably no coincidence that of the ones they missed, all except Cambridgeshire were mapped by Andrew Bryant in a similar style and at the same period. From a technical point of view, the Greenwoods’ productions exceeded the high standards set in the previous century though without the decoration and charming title-pieces that typified large-scale maps of that period.

The Greenwood brothers grew up in Yorkshire, and the project to publish a series of county maps began in 1817 with Yorkshire and Lancashire. Christopher moved to London in 1818, joining in a partnership to publish maps with George Pringle and his son, two solicitors. John joined his brother in the county maps project from around 1821, and they had a surveying partnership with George Kemp, a Chelsea land surveyor. The partnership with Kemp ended in 1827 and the partnership with the Pringles was dissolved in 1828.

By 1831 they had covered 34 counties. Their maps were masterpieces of surveying and engraving techniques, and in view of the speed at which they were completed, their accuracy is remarkable.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Berkshire

4

GREENWOOD, Christopher Map Of The County of Berks From An Actual Survey made in The Years 1822 & 1823.

The Greenwoods’ map of Berkshire is from their incomplete series of country maps (see item 3). The map is dedicated to the “nobility, gentry and clergy” of the county, and carries an inset view of Windsor Castle.

Publication London, Christopher & John Greenwood, 1823.

Description Engraved map in fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, housed in green morocco pull-off slipcase .

Dimensions 1020 by 1415mm (40.25 by 55.75 inches).

References Rodger 24.

£1,800.00

BERKSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES LARGE-SCALE BRITAIN

Bryant’s map of Buckinghamshire

5

BRYANT, Andrew Map of the County of Buckingham from an Actual Survey by A. Bryant in the year 1824.

Publication London, Published By A. Bryant, 27 Gt. Ormond Street, Sept. 1st, 1825.

Description Large-scale engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, fine original full-wash colour, inset map of part of Buckinghamshire found within the borders of Oxfordshire, slightly age-toned, housed in original full calf pull-off slipcase, gilt, rubbed and scuffed.

Dimensions 2005 by 1150mm (79 by 45.25 inches).

References Rodger 32; Scott and McLaughlin, pp.xx-xxi.

Bryant’s large-scale map of Buckinghamshire, dedicated to Richard Temple-NugentBrydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, who gained his remarkable surname after marrying Lady Anne Brydges, daughter and sole heir of the 3rd Duke of Chandos, adding a further two names to his original three.

Between 1822 and 1835 Andrew Bryant surveyed 13 English counties, much in the manner of the Greenwood brothers. With their swash lettering, vignette views and meticulous engraving there was a great similarity about their respective output.

Of the six counties covered by both cartographers, in five instances they were both working in the field at the same time. Even with the much talked about animosity between the Greenwoods and Bryant, it is most likely that they shared information.

The map, like the Greenwoods’, is very detailed, and shows boundaries of the counties, hundreds and parishes. It also shows churches and chapels, castles and quarries, farmhouses and gentlemen’s seats, heaths and common land, woods, parliamentary representatives, and distances between towns. The map is on a scale of 1.5 inches to the mile. The maps by Bryant are appreciably scarcer than those by the Greenwoods.

£3,000.00

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

“The very first map of England”

6

MOORE, Jonas A Mapp of ye Great Levell of ye Fenns extending into ye Countyes of Northampton, Norfolk, Suffolke, Lyncolne, Cambridg & Huntington & the Isle of Ely as it is now drained.

Publication London, Printed and Sold by Christopher Browne at the Globe near the Westend of St. Pauls Church, [1824].

Description Engraved map on 16 sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, in four sections, water mark of “S&A” dated 1824, orange marbled paper endpapers, with labels, housed in orange marbled paper slipcase, with label.

Dimensions 1440 by 2000mm (56.75 by 78.75 inches).

£2,400.00

CAMBRIDGESHIRE

The Bedford Level, also known as the Great Level, was the area drained in the southern Fens in Cambridgeshire following the formation of a consortium of landowners by Francis Russell, 4th Earl Bedford in 1630.

Below the map to the left is the coat-of-arms of the Bedford Level Company.

The Bedford Level Company was incorporated in 1634, and contracted with Sir Cornelius Vermuyden, a Dutchman who had already managed the drainage of the Royal Park at Windsor, to perform the necessary works.

These works were deemed to be “complete” at a meeting held in St. Ives in 1636, but in fact much remained to be done, and the St. Ives decision was overturned in 1638. There was a revival of interest after the Civil War, promoted this time by the 5th Earl (later Duke) of Bedford, and Vermuyden was again appointed Director of the Works. The levels to the north west of the Bedford Level were drained in 1651, and those in the South Level likewise in 1652.

In 1654, the company gave leave to Jonas Moore to print and publish a map of the area. Only one copy of the first edition printed in 1658 remains, in the National Archives (MPC 1/88). In 1677, Moore was asked to reprint the map, correcting various faults; there is also a note regarding the buying “of his old plates”. This edition,

by Moses Pitt, appeared in 1684, and likewise there is only one known copy, in the Bodleian Library (Gough Maps Cambridgeshire 2). A third version was printed by Christopher Browne and dated 1706, and two final issues: one in 1824, bearing the watermark ‘S&A 1824’, and the present copy, also dated by its watermark, to 1836.

Carroll states that “the very first large-scale map of England was not of a county but the Fens - mapped by Jonas Moore and published on sixteen sheets”. The map is very rare and, as it is on a scale of two inches to one mile, astonishingly detailed.

It not only shows each plot of land, but in some cases the owner’s name as well.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Rare map of the Bedford Level

7

WELLS, Samuel [Bedford Level] To the governor, the bailiffs and conservators of the great level of the Fens, called Bedford Level, this map of the said great level and parts adjacent is most gratefully dedicated by Samuel Wells, Register. Fen Office.

27th March 1829.

Publication London, Published for the Proprietor by G. and J. Cary, 86 St James’s Street, 1829.

Description Engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen.

Dimensions 790 by 810mm (31 by 32 inches).

References BL Cartographic Items Maps 16.a.14.

£1,200.00

A map of the Bedford Level, an area drained in the Cambridgeshire fens (see previous item). Sir Cornelius Vermuyden originally oversaw the work. The project was ultimately ineffective, and was restarted in the 1820s with steam pumps replacing the wind pumps used previously.

The present map was drawn by Samuel Wells, register (or registrar) with the Bedford Level Company, who published an official history of the organisation in 1830.

The map provides a wealth of information and shows turnpike and gravel roads, artificial rivers. It is colour coded according to land ownership: adventurers’ lands (coloured red), i.e. the principal investors in the project, or what would now be known as venture capitalists; free lands (uncoloured); islands and highlands within the Level (green); fen and marshland without the Level (blue); and highlands outside the Level (yellow).

The arms of the Company are at the lower left corner, with the motto “Arridet Aridum”, or “Dryness pleases”.

The map bears the manuscript ownership inscription of Richard van Heythuysen, a successful solicitor and lived in Bedford Row in Bloomsbury. John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford was his landlord and his elder brother, the 5th Duke, had developed much of central Bloomsbury. The 5th Duke was best known for his own ‘Bedford Level’ - a short unpowdered hairstyle he adopted in protest when the government levied a tax on the powder used by fashionable men to whiten their long hair. Richard van Heythuysen was also a governor of and solicitor to the Foundling Hospital, of which the 4th Duke of Bedford was founding patron: his daughter Emma married the chaplain of the Hospital, George Preston. His uncle, Frederick van Heythuysen (1782-1828) wrote works on marine law and equity, and dealt with cases related to the Bedford Level.

It is possible, given that the van Heythuysen family were members of the Dutch Church in London, that they knew descendants of Sir Cornelius Vermuyden.

Vermuyden’s family settled in England - his son, also named Cornelius, was an original fellow of the Royal Society.

Provenance Manuscript ownership inscription of Richard van Heythuysen (1806-1851).

CAMBRIDGESHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Cheshire

8

GREENWOOD, Christopher

A map of Cheshire from the Greenwoods’ series of county maps (see item 3).

Map of the County of Chester, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1820 & 1821, By C. & I. Greenwood, London.

Publication London, Published by the Proprietors, Greenwood & Pringle & Co., 13 Regent Street, Pall Mall, June 1st, 1822.

Description Large engraved map on four sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, in four sections, fine original full-wash colour, edged in green silk, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase, rubbed and scuffed.

Dimensions 1130 by 1230mm (44.5 by 48.5 inches).

References Rodger 47.

£1,600.00

CHESHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Andrew Bryant’s map of Cheshire

9

BRYANT, Andrew Map of the County Palatine of Chester from an actual Survey by A. Bryant. In the Years 1829, 1830 and 1831.

Publication London, Published by A. Bryant, 27 Grt. Ormond Street, May 3rd, 1831.

A map of Cheshire from Bryant’s series of county maps (see item 5).

To the bottom right of the map is an engraving of Chester Cathedral. At the lower left corner, there is a list of the ecclesiastical divisions of Cheshire. The archdeaconry of Chester was divided into deaneries: Bangor, Chester, Frodsham, Macclesfield, Malpas, Middlewich, Nantwich and Wirral. The boundaries of the diocese and deaneries were changed five years after the map was published.

Description Large-scale engraved map, in two sections, fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, calligraphic title, key lower left, map edged in green silk, housed within original red morocco slipcase, lettered in gilt.

Dimensions 1340 by 1610mm (52.75 by 63.5 inches).

Scale 1.25 inches to one statute mile.

References Rodger 49.

£3,000.00

CHESHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Hutchings’ map of Cheshire

10

SWIRE, W. & HUTCHINGS, W. F. A Map of the County Palatine of Chester Divided into Hundreds & Parishes, From an Accurate Survey, Made in the Years 1828 & 1829. By W. Swire & W. F. Hutchings, London.

An uncommon map of Chester.

There is a view of Chester Cathedral from the southwest at the lower right corner. A table of explanation towards the bottom left outlines a wealth of topographical detail, including ichnographic representations of the principal towns, villages, churches, gentleman’s seats, commons, heaths and hills, parish and other boundaries, canals, wind and water-mills, roads, lanes, toll-bars and rivers.

Publication London, Published by Henry Tessdale & Co. 302, High Holborn, August 1st, 1832.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original full-wash colour, lower right, edged in green silk, lower left silk edging missing, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase, spine ruled in gilt, red morocco label lettered in gilt to spine, rubbed.

Dimensions 990 by 1330mm (39 by 52.25 inches).

References Rodger 48.

£600.00

CHESHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Fifteen years in the making

11 MARTYN, Thomas A New and Accurate Map of the County of Cornwall from an Actual Survey Made by Thos. Martyn.

To His Royal Highness Frederick Lewis Prince of Wales; Electoral Prince of Brunswick, Lunenburgh, Duke of Cornwall and Rothsaye, Duke of Edinburgh, Marquis of the Isles of Ely, Earl of Chester and of Eltham, Viscount Launceston, Baron of Snaudon and of Renfrew, Lord of the Ilses, and Steward of Scotland, and Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter; This Map is most Humbly Inscrib’d By His Royal Highness’s Most Dutiful Servant, Thomas Martyn.

Publication London, Printed for William Faden, Geographer to the King, Charing Cross, Feby.

20th 1784.

Description Large-scale engraved map, printed on nine irregular-sized sheets, fine original outline hand-colour, dissected and mounted on linen, folding into original blue paper slipcase, with manuscript label, rubbed and scuffed.

Dimensions 1360 by 1800mm (53.5 by 70.75 inches).

Thomas Martyn was a Cornish surveyor (d.1752?), and his survey of his home county took 15 years. He died while completing another survey of Devon.

The map was first published by Robert Sayer in 1748. The present map bears the imprint of William Faden, and is dated 1784. The map was not included in Sayer’s catalogue of 1775, so it seems probable that the maps passed to Faden at some point before 1775.

The decoration includes an elaborate dedicatory cartouche to Frederick, Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall, inserted after Sayer’s publication in 1748 – Sayer’s publication bore a dedication to Jonathan Rashleigh, a Cornish politician – and clearly at some point before Faden’s edition. In 1784, the Prince of Wales was the future George IV. Martyn explained in a letter that the female figure underneath the cartouche represented Pallas Athene and therefore industry, and the water deity represented the source of that business for Cornwall.

The map also features a “Scale of Miles” in a formal framework and the coats-of-arms of the 164 subscribers. There is a large inset of the Isles of Scilly on the same scale but “which could not be placed in their proper position without making the map too great a length”. In the “Explanation of Symbols Uses”, surrounded by a plain floral border “Towns are shown by their ichnography or Ground Plot, and borough towns have a B added to them”, whilst small symbols differentiate between churches, with tower or steeple, seats of the nobility, villages and farmhouses. With most travel at the time on foot or on horseback special attention is given to the roads, indicating whether “a lane, road over a common, or road with hedge”. Further detail includes tin, copper, and lead mines, hills commons, rivers and parks, hundreds and divisions of the county. To the upper right of the map is a beautiful compass rose incorporating a view of a surveyor at work.

Scale One inch to one statute mile.

References Rodger 59.

£7,500.00

CORNWALL

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Cornwall

12

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John Map of the County of Cornwall, From Actual Survey made in the Years 1826 & 1827, By C. & J. Greenwood. Most Respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry of the County.

A map of Cornwall from the Greenwoods’ series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of St Michael’s Mount, a small island of the coast of Cornwall with a castle accessible only at low tide, at the lower left corner. The map also features an inset map of the Scilly Isles at the upper right corner.

Publication London, By The Proprietors C. Greenwood & Co., Regent Street, Pall Mall, September, 1st, 1827.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, fine original full-wash colour, edged in green silk, housed within original tree calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco label lettered in gilt to spine, rubbed.

Dimensions 1820 by 1840mm (71.75 by 72.5 inches).

References Rodger 64.

£2,500.00

CORNWALL

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Cumberland

13 GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John Map of the County of Cumberland, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1821 & 1822, By C. & I. Greenwood, Most Respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy, Gentry of the County By the Proprietors.

A map of Cumberland from the Greenwoods’ series of county maps (see item 3).

There is a view of Carlisle at the lower right corner, and a list of the altitudes of the highest mountains in the county at the lower left.

Publication London, Published by the Proprietors, Geo. Pringle, 70 Queen Street, Cheapside, April 10th, 1823.

Description Large engraved map on six sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original full-wash colour, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase, rubbed and scuffed.

Dimensions 1360 by 1140mm (53.5 by 45 inches).

References Rodger 72.

£1,400.00

CUMBERLAND

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Large-scale map of Derbyshire

14

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John Map of the County of Derby, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1824 & 1825, By C. & I. Greenwood, Most Respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry of the County.

A map of Derbyshire from the Greenwoods’ series of county maps (see item 3).

There is a view of Chatsworth House, seat of the Dukes of Devonshire, at the lower left corner.

Publication London, By the Proprietors Greenwood, Pringle & Co., 13 Regent Street, Pall Mall, Dec. 21st, 1825.

Description Large engraved map on four sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, original full-wash hand colour, edged in green silk, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase, lettered in gilt, rubbed.

Dimensions 1600 by 1230mm (63 by 48.5 inches).

References Rodger 80.

£1,500.00

DERBYSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Benjamin Donn’s prize winning map of Devon

15 DONN, Benjamin [engraved by] JEFFERYS, Tho[ma]s A Map of the County of Devon, with the City & County of Exeter.

Delineated from an actual Survey

by Benjamin Donn. To John Baring of Mount-Radford, & to Matthew Lee, of Ebford near Exeter Esq[ui]rs. This Map, as a grateful acknowledgement of the great and generous Assistance which they have given hereto, Is humbly Inscribed, By their most obedient Serv[an]t Benjamin Donn.

Publication [London], Entered in the Hall Book of the Company of Stationers, and Published according to Act of Parliament, January 1st, 1765.

Description Large-scale engraved map, on 12 sheets, mounted on linen, fine original hand colour, margins to a few sheets with loss, minor tear to inset of Lundy.

Dimensions 1830 by 1890mm (72 by 74.5 inches).

Benjamin Donn was a teacher of mathematics and in his preface to the map he acknowledges the use of trigonometry and astronomy in his survey. His large-scale map of Devon was sold for one and half guineas uncoloured, with an extra five shillings for it to be coloured. It was also bound as an atlas with a title page and list of subscribers for two guineas.

Donn’s map made Devon the first county to be mapped on a scale of one inch to the mile.

His work was the best known of all large-scale county surveys, after winning an award of £100 from the Royal Society of Arts. The society had initiated a prize for county maps on this scale in 1762, and Donn was the first recipient.

Donn’s map was the model of its kind, the result of a five year survey, during which he claimed to have actually measured over 6,000 miles of road and rivers, together with the angles of towers and hills. Detail includes towns, churches, villages, seats and noted houses, parks, farms and cottages, copper and tin mines, Roman and Danish forts and escarpments, turnpikes, fenced and unfenced roads and the distance between towns. There are inset plans of Plymouth, the Plymouth Docks, Exeter, and Lundy Island.

Unfortunately for Donn, despite winning the £100 prize, the cost of the survey and production of the map had been £2000. It was a relative commercial success - he received 750 subscriptions, with the two dedicatees each taking 100 copies - but it is doubtful that Donn saw much profit from the venture.

References Rodger 82.

£3,500.00

DEVON

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Devon

16

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John Map of the County of Devon from an Actual Survey made in the Years 1825 & 1826. By C. & J. Greenwood. Most respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry of the County.

A map of Devon from the Greenwoods’ series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Exeter Cathedral at the lower right, and an inset map of the island of Lundy at the upper left.

Publication London, By The Proprietors Greenwood, Pringle & Co., Regent Street, Pall Mall, Febr[uar]y, 20th, 1827.

Description Large engraved map, fine original full-wash hand-colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in three sections, edged in green silk, housed in tree calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco label to spine, lettered in gilt, rubbed.

Dimensions 2020 by 1950mm (79.5 by 76.75 inches).

References Rodger 90.

£1,500.00

DEVON

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The first large-scale map of Dorset

17 TAYLOR, Isaac [Map of Dorset].

Publication Ross-on-Wye, Jan. 1st, 1765.

Description Folio (560 by 390mm), key map, large-scale engraved map on six sheets, key sheet in original outline colour, large-scale map in original full-wash colour, later half calf over marbled paper boards.

References Rodger 91.

£5,000.00

DORSET

Isaac Taylor was born in Worcester in 1730 and earned an early reputation as a surveyor of both county maps and city plans. His style was easily recognisable and gave particular emphasis to the hills on his county maps; Herefordshire 1754, Hampshire 1759, Dorset 1765, Worcestershire 1772, and Gloucestershire 1777. It is surprising that Taylor, like Rocque and Jefferys, was not successful in gaining the approval of the Society of Arts who appeared to favour the amateur surveyors rather than the professional mapmakers, Nearly all the awards went to applicants who produced just one or two maps rather than men like Taylor and Jefferys who between them published fifteen fine large-scale map, accurately surveyed and well engraved and in some instances more competent than most of those that were recognised by the Society.

The title and dedication cartouches on the Dorset map are combined in a large decorative title-piece taking up most of the bottom left-hand sheet. Although the map is mainly dedicated to the Earl of Shaftesbury, Lord Lieutenant of Dorset, Taylor also includes the names of 23 local gentlemen “in Gratitude for their generous assistance in this Work”. The corner of the bottom right-hand sheet contains the “list of Characters” giving the symbols for “Parish Churches and Chapels, Old Foundations, demolished Castles and Encampments, Seats and Houses, Harm-Houses, Windmills and Water Mills, Beacons, Barrows and Tumuli, Stone Quarrys. Battles, Parks and Woods, Brooks, Rivers and Bridges, Towns and Villages, and Roads enclosed and open”. The two sheets that include coastal areas refer to the stranding of many vessels and a long engraved note, just off Weymouth, refers to the “Chesil Bank, where The Stones at Portland are about the size of an Egg, opposite Fleet and Langston they are much smaller; at Beckingston they are scarcely bigger than Pease, and between Swyre and Barton-cliffe where the Bank ends it is entirely a fine clear Sand”. The legend goes on to remark about composition of the soil - a firm clay - beneath the pebbles. A large part of the top three sheets is occupied by six topographical views within the county - Corfe Castle, Maiden Castle, the Amphitheatre at Dorchester, Lulworth Castle, the Observatory at Horton, and Sherborne Castle.

Taylor’s map was acknowledged as an outstanding piece of work at the time, and was the first map to be put forward for the prestigious Society of Arts Award, just ahead of Benjamin Donn’s map of Devon (see item 15). Despite tremendous efforts, however, it did not win the coveted prize, due to the slight inaccuracy of its place names, which proved unacceptable to some of the local gentry. Even so it is a particularly rare map, with the present copy in full original colour.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Dorset

18

GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County of Dorset from an Actual Survey made in the Years 1825 & 1826. By C. & J. Greenwood. Most respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry of the County.

A map of Dorset from the Greenwoods’ series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of the seaside town of Weymouth at the lower left.

Publication London, By The Proprietors Greenwood, Pringle & Co., Regent Street, Pall Mall, Sept., 11th, 1826.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original full-wash colour, edged in green silk, housed within calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco label lettered in gilt to spine.

Dimensions 1211 by 1588mm (47.75 by 62.5 inches).

References Rodger 97.

£1,600.00

DORSET

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Durham

19 GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County Palatine of Durham, From Actual Survey made in the Years 1811 & 1819.

By C. Greenwood. Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry of the County.

A map of Durham from the Greenwoods’ series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Durham Cathedral at the upper left corner.

Publication London, By The Proprietors Greenwood, G. Pringle and C. Greenwood, 50 Leicester Square, March, 1st, 1820.

Description Engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, housed within quarter black calf over yellow cloth pull-off slipcase, defective.

Dimensions 1260 by 1040mm (49.5 by 41 inches).

References Rodger 103.

£450.00

DURHAM

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The finest large-scale map of Essex

20 CHAPMAN, John and ANDRE, Peter A Map of the County of Essex From an Actual Survey made in MDCCLXXII, MDCCLXXIII and MDCCLXXIV by John Chapman and Peter André.

Publication London, 1777-[June 1785].

Description Folio (440 by 390 mm), index map, and 25 double-page engraved map sheets, all with fine original hand-colour, some minor offsetting, modern half calf over marbled paper boards.

References Rodger 125.

£4,500.00

ESSEX

Chapman and André’s survey of Essex was one of the most celebrated of the nineteenth century large-scale maps with a wealth of detail matched by extraordinary accuracy, even when checked against large-scale contemporary estate maps. Minor roads were depicted on a map of the county for the first time with bridges, milestones and turnpike gates, whilst on the long coastline every creek, wharf, quay, ferry, duck decoy and cliff is shown. The countryside is extensively delineated with hills, woods, parks and heaths clearly depicted and often named. Except in the towns and villages, nearly every house and cottage is marked, whilst the principal seats and their owners, and most of the manor houses, and farm houses are named.

There are complete sheets devoted to the vignette title (an Essex fulling mill with two cloth beaters and Harwich and Dovercourt churches in the background), and a list of 240 subscribers. Further sheets include a general map of the county to serve as a key map, an outline of Harwich Harbour and a plan of Colchester on a scale of 168 yards to the inch including information about the town such as fairs and market days.

It is unlikely that more than 300 copies of this edition were sold, although there was a second smaller edition issued in 1785. The 21 sheets covering the survey of the county, together with the rest of the atlas, are all fully coloured by a contemporary hand.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The Greenwoods’ map of Essex

21

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John Map Of The County Of Essex From an Actual Survey made in the Year 1824.

A map of Essex from the Greenwoods’ series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Audley End, the seat of the Barons Braybrooke, a branch of the Howard de Walden family, at the lower left corner.

Publication London, Christopher and John Greenwood, 1824.

Description Engraved map in fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in green morocco pull-off slipcase.

Dimensions 1340 by 1580mm (52.75 by 62.25 inches).

References Rodger 131.

£1,800.00

ESSEX

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Taylor’s rare map of Gloucestershire

22

TAYLOR, Isaac [Gloucestershire] To The Subscribers in General, and more Particularly To those Noblemen and Gentlemen who Honoured me with their Assistance in the Survey; This Map of the County of Gloucester Is Humbly Dedicated by their Obedient & most humble Servant, Isaac Taylor.

Publication London, Published by W. Faden, Geographer to the King, and H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Charing Cross, Nov. 24th, 1800.

Description Second edition. Large-scale engraved map, on six sheets joined, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, fine original full-wash colour, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase, rubbed.

Dimensions 1340 by 1210mm (52.75 by 47.75 inches).

References Chubb, Gloucestershire, p.89; Rodger 155.

£4,000.00

GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Isaac Taylor was born in Worcester in 1730 and earned an early reputation as a surveyor of both county maps and city plans. His style was easily recognisable and gave particular emphasis to the hills on his county maps. It is surprising that Taylor, like Rocque and Jefferys, was not successful in gaining the approval of the Society of Arts who appeared to favour the amateur surveyors rather than the professional mapmakers. Nearly all the awards went to applicants who produced just one or two maps rather than men like Taylor and Jefferys who between them published 15 large-scale maps, accurately surveyed and well engraved and in some instances more competent than most of those that were recognised by the Society.

The last of Taylor’s five county surveys, this map possibly exceeds the high standard of its predecessors with its increased clarity of engraving and more ichnographical detail in the delineation of the towns and cities. The magnificent cartouche encompasses an entire sheet and combines the title, dedication, explanation, scale of miles and compass rose. The map is dedicated to “The Subscribers in General and more Particularly to those Noblemen and Gentlemen who Honoured me with their Assistance in the Survey”. A neat addition states that “Estates are Survey’d and Mapped in very Accurate and Neat manner at ye usual Prices. Also Maps Reduced and Drawn in the manner of Engraving”.

The fine detail includes the division of the hundreds, cities, towns and villages, closed and open roads, parish churches and chapels, gentlemen’s seats and houses, old religions houses, demolished castles and battles, rivers and bridges, water-mills, windmills and forges, coal works and fire engines. The top two sheets include large topographical views in the manner of his maps of Dorset and Hampshire - in this instance of Berkeley Castle, St Briavel’s Castle, Bryanstone Castle, Sudeley Castle, and Thornbury Church and Castle. One of the most endearing features of the map is the meticulous depiction of the buildings: whether they are churches, farm houses, gentleman’s seats or ordinary houses, an attempt is made to reflect the size and architecture of the structure. Taylor continues to use the caterpillar type of hatching for hills first used by him on his map of Hampshire in 1759. The lines of latitude and longitude, not always apparent on large-scale maps, were common for all of Taylor’s surveys, whilst the River Severn, from the Bristol Channel to Gloucester depicts sandbanks and the passages through them.

The map was first published by Taylor in 1777; the plates were later acquired

by William Faden, who published the map in 1786, and again in 1800 - the present example, with the only alteration the addition of Faden’s imprint. All editions of the map are rare.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Gloucestershire

23

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John Map of the County of Gloucester, from an actual Survey made in 1823. By C. & J. Greenwood, Most Respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy, & Gentry of the County, By the Proprietors.

A map of Gloucestershire from the Greenwoods’ series of county maps (see item 3).

There are three inset maps of parts of Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Warwickshire, and a view of Gloucester Cathedral from the southwest in the bottom right corner.

Publication London, 13, Regent Street, Pall Mall, November 22nd, 1824.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, in three sections, fine original full-wash colour, edged in green silk, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase.

Dimensions 1500 by 1270mm (59 by 50 inches).

References Chubb, Gloucestershire, p.112-113; Rodger 158.

£2,000.00

GLOUCESTERSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The first survey of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight 24 TAYLOR, Isaac [Map of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight].

Publication London, Aug., 20th 1759.

Description Folio (550 by 390mm), key map, large-scale engraved map on six sheets, all sheets with original full-wash colour, later half calf over marbled paper boards.

References Rodger 164.

£7,000.00

HAMPSHIRE

Engraved and presented in a manner typical of Isaac Taylor’s large-scale surveys (see item 22), there is the usual large dedicatory title cartouche, on this occasion reflecting the naval and military influence of Portsmouth on the county. The map shows considerable detail including towns and villages, seats and houses, parish churches and chapels, demolished castles and old foundations, bishop’s palaces, hills and woods, barrows and tumuli, commons and heaths, water mills and wind mills, rivers, brooks and bridges, and roads, both open and closed. The map also shows how far a river is navigable.

Apart from dedicating the map to the Dukes of Balton, Bedford and Chandos and the Earl of Winchester, Taylor acknowledges the assistance of a further 17 gentlemen of the county, not all of whom are listed as subscribers. There are large topographical views of Calshot Castle, the Needles, the ruins of Netly Abbey, Carrsbrook Castle, Porchester Castle, a south view of Silchester Walls, the amphitheatre at Silchester, and a plan of Silchester.

The remaining space around the map is completely filled with a list of the 581 subscribers, who between them account for just over 600 copies, although this does not necessarily reflect the number of copies printed. This is remarkably high for a large-scale survey; even so Rodger records only six institutional examples.

Taylor is best remembered for his five county surveys published between 1754 and 1777. All were republished by William Faden before 1800, with the exception of Hampshire, for which there was just this edition.

Taylor did not produce a key map of his survey, but the present map is bound in with Thomas Kitchin’s map of Hampshire, taken from his ‘Large English Atlas,’ the map bearing grid lines with each marked with a number in manuscript for ease of reference.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The first detailed survey of the New Forest

25 RICHARDSON, Thomas; KING, William; DRIVER, William and DRIVER, Abraham A Plan of his Majesty’s Forest, called the New Forest, in the County of Southampton Laid down from Surveys taken by Thos. Richardson, Wm. King, and Abm. and Wm. Driver, By Order of the Commissioners of the Land Revenue, appointed by an Act of Parliament passed in the 26th Year of King George III. Publication London, Engraved and published by Order of the Commissioners, by William Faden, Geographer to the King, 1789.

Description Folio (620 by 410mm), engraved title sheet, key map, eight double-page engraved maps, contemporary half calf, over green marbled paper boards, rebacked.

Dimensions (if joined) 1180 by 1240mm (46.5 by 48.75 inches). Key sheet: 560 by 580mm (22 by 22.75 inches).

Scale Four inches to the statute mile.

References Rodger 166 and 167; David Stagg, ‘Silvicultural Inclosures in the New Forest from 1780 to 1850’, Hampsh. Field Club Archaeol. Soc. 46, 1990, pp.131-143.

£5,000.00

HAMPSHIRE

A rare large-scale map of the New Forest published for the Board of Land Revenue.

The map covers the whole of the New Forest on a scale of four inches to the statute mile. The map is superbly detailed with villages, farms, roads, rivers, enclosures, meadows, hills, forests, and land owners marked. The boundary of the forest is marked by a dotted line; encroachments on the Forest are marked by the letter ‘i’ (coloured red); lands granted by lease from the crown by the capital letter ‘L’ (coloured purple); intermediate property is coloured yellow; and the forest lands are coloured green. To the right of the plan is a list of the Officers of the New Forest, starting with the Lord Warden, the Duke of Gloucester. Some of these titles were by that time purely ceremonial - the services of the bow-bearers, who were supposed to attend the king with a bow and arrows while the king was hunting, were rarely called upon - but others, like the verderers, who oversaw the timber, were still crucial to the management of the forest. A table underneath the title cartouche lists the bailiwicks and roads, the names of the master keepers and groomskeepers, and the state and quantity of the enclosed land, and forest land.

“Following Edmund Buke’s Plan of Economical Reform, there was a sustained interest in the forests. In 1782 the Earl of Shelburne appointed Sir John Call and Arthur Holdsworth to enquire into the state of the crown lands, woods, and forests, and a report was made to Parliament the same year. In June 1783 John Pitt, the surveyor general of the woods and forests, reported that except for the 1000 acres in the New Forest, no new enclosures had been made since 1772, and in the following month Morton Pitt, John Pitt’s son, introduced a comprehensive Bill for the better regulation of Forests, this containing provision for the completion of 6000 acres of inclosures in the New Forest, and within all forests of ‘so many acres of the now open and uncultivated grounds... which may be spared from the Use of Commoners’, with planting no longer to be restricted to hard-wood trees but to include pine. This Bill was lost when Parliament was prorogued on the 16th July.

In 1786, on the advice of William Pitt, the king recommended to Parliament that an inquiry should be made into the condition of the woods, forests, and land revenues of the crown. In the Lords the ensuing Bill was depicted by Earl Bathurst as merely an inquiry into the rights of the crown respecting crown lands and forests, and it was carried on the third reading by 28 votes to 18. The commissioners appointed were Sir John Call and Arthur Holdsworth, who had conducted the previous inquiry, with the addition of Sir Charles Middleton, comptroller of the navy. Subsequently Holdsworth was replaced by John Fordyce, the surveyor general of the Board of Land Revenue. Between 1787 and 1793 the commissioners published a total of 17 reports of which the fifth, published in 1789, dealt exclusively with the New Forest.

In preparation for this a survey had been made in 1787 by A & W Driver, T. Richardson, and W. King [the present map]” (Stagg).

Rare; we are only able to trace one example appearing at auction in the last 25 years. We have traced seven institutional examples: the British Library; the Bibliotheque Nationale de France; the National Library of Scotland; Southampton University; Library; Cambridge University Library; National Archives; and the Royal Geographic Society.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Milne’s rare map of Hampshire

26 MILNE, Thomas Hampshire, or the County of Southampton, including the Isle of Wight. Surveyed by Thos. Milne in the Years 1788, 89, & 90. [together with] Hampshire or the County of Southampton Including the Isle of Wight Reduced from the large map on six sheets.

Publication London, executed and Published at the private expence of the Proprietor W. Faden, Geographer for His Majesty, Charing Cross, Decr., 20th, 1791. [and] June 4th 1796.

Description Large engraved map, on six sheets, fine original outline hand-colour, dissected and mounted on linen [together with] engraved map, fine original outline hand-colour, dissected and mounted on linen, both housed within full calf pull-off slipcase.

Dimensions 1500 by 1400mm (59 by 55 inches). [reduction] 700 by 590mm (27.5 by 23.2 inches) References Rodger 170 and 171.

£6,000.00

HAMPSHIRE

The first large-scale map of the county was published by Isaac Taylor in 1759; this was the only one of Taylor’s five county surveys not to be re-issued by Faden, who preferred to use the new survey by Thomas Milne, with whom he had worked a year later on a survey of Norfolk. Though both maps of Hampshire show similar detail the neater engraving and outline colour to the hundreds combine to give greater clarity to Milne’s map, whilst the latter is alone in showing detailed distances between the major towns. Other details include the major roads, whether turnpike, open or enclosed, together with the minor roads and bridle paths, market towns, parishes, villages and farm houses, forests and hills, parks, commons and heaths, castles and inns, rivers and canals, lodges and gentlemen’s seats, and the boundaries of the county and the hundreds.

Engraved notes draw the viewer’s attention to the Andover to Redbridge Canal and the one from Basingstoke to the River Wey, including the fall and length of each canal. A note in the “Remarks” acknowledges the influence on the scale of latitude of General William Roy, one of the main participants in the Trigonometrical Survey of 1745. There are detailed plans, with references, of Southampton and Winchester on a scale of approximately 200 yards to one inch and a “Table of the Several Balliwicks and Walks in the New Forest” with their respective acreages.

There is a view of the West Gate, Winchester together with Faden’s usual calligraphic title piece, and the boarder is marked with the decrees of latitude and longitude from the Greenwich Royal Observatory. The survey includes a detailed map of the Isle of Wight and the Solent with its various bays, rocks, sandbacks, and wrecks, with various depths.

The single-sheet reduction is an interesting map in its own right, but surprisingly was never printed alongside editions of the large-scale survey; indeed it first appeared some five years after the publication of the six-sheet map. It is a true reduction of the latter and includes much of the information found on the larger map, including engraved notes, or legends, referring to the New Forest and the Aliceholt and Woolmer Forests, the major canals of the county and the method of colouring to be used dealing with the Forest Lands. There are two scale bars in referring to English miles and thousand fathoms.

Rodger calls for two editions of the six sheet survey, dated October 1st 1791 and December 1791. Both editions are rare.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

John Albin’s fine and detailed map of the Isle of Wight

27

ALBIN, John To the Right Honourable Lord Bolton Lord Lieutenant of the County of Hants & Governor of the Isle of Wight This Map of the Island is inscribed as a public Testimony of Respect by his very obliged humble Servant John Albin.

The map gives information on parishes, churches, gentlemen’s seats, farms and cottages, buoys on the water, wind mills, water mills, signal posts, cliffs, rivers, roads, sandbanks, rocks. John Albin was a publisher and cartographer, living and working in Newport. He is best known for ‘A new, correct, and much improved-history of the Isle of Wight’ (1795).

Publication Newport, Isle of Wight, John Albin, Aug. 12th, 1802.

Description Engraved map, original hand-colour in outline, dissected and mounted on linen, edged in green silk, inset of Newport, key and reference to parishes.

Dimensions 600 by 400mm (23.5 by 15.75 inches).

Scale One inch to one statute mile.

References Rodger 579.

£600.00

ISLES OF WIGHT

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Hampshire

28

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John

A map of Hampshire from the Greenwoods’ series of county maps (see item 3).

There is a view of Winchester Cathedral at the lower right corner.

Map of the County of Southampton From an Actual Survey Made in the Years 1825 & 1826, By C. & J. Greenwood, and N. L. Kentish. Most Respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry of Hampshire.

Publication London, Published by the Proprietors, Greenwood, Pringle & Co., Regent St., Pall Mall, June 15th, 1826.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, original full-wash colour, edged in green silk, slightly aged-toned, a few tears to old linen, housed within brown cloth slipcase, defective.

Dimensions 1580 by 1470mm (62.25 by 57.75 inches).

References Rodger 174.

£1,500.00

HAMPSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Rare map of Hertfordshire

29

ANDREWS, John and DURY, Andrew A Topographical Map of Hertfordshire from an Actual Survey; in which is Expressed all the roads, lanes, churches, noblemen, and gentlemen’s - seats, and every thing remarkable in the County: together with the divisions of the parishes. By Andw. Dury, Jno. Andrews.

Publication London, William Faden, Charing Cross, 1st January, 1782.

Description Folio (550 by 400mm), index map, largescale engraved map, on nine sheets, fine original full-wash colour, half calf over blue marbled paper boards.

Dimensions 1550 by 2120mm (61 by 83.5 inches).

References Rodger 190.

Andrews and Dury’s large-scale map of Hertfordshire.

John Andrews and Andrew Dury were responsible for three large-scale eighteenth century county surveys: the present map (1766), Kent (1769), and Wiltshire (1773). All three surveys are on a scale of two inches to one mile. The majority of the large-scale maps were on a scale of one inch to one mile. This larger scale allowed for much greater detail; and the map depicts hills, woods and barrows, commons heaths and parks, rivers, ponds and wells, bridges and windmills, churches and chapels, towns, villages and parishes, gentlemen’s seats, farms and houses, turnpikes, secondary roads and lanes, county and hundred boundaries.

A note on the map reads, “NB The Western Part of this County from Chipping Barnet along the North Road was Survey’d by John Andrews, the East Part by Andrew Dury etc”. Dury was a London bookseller who probably put up most of the capital for the project. The map, which sold for £1 16s in sheets, is functional rather than decorative, the title being contained in a simple rectangle. There are inset plans of Hertford and St Albans. The only decoration is provided by the dedication - a large vignette engraving incorporating a hunting scene with the names of various nobility on a banner in the sky.

Although the name of the map’s engraver is not given, it could have been John Cheevers, who engraved the town plans published by Dury around the same time.

£5,000.00

HERTFORDSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Bryant’s map of Hertfordshire

30

BRYANT, Andrew Map of the County of Hertford, from an actual Survey by A. Bryant. In the Years 1820 and 1821. Inscribed by Permission to the Most Noble Marquis of Salisbury K.G. Lord Lieutenant And to the Nobility, Clergy and Gentry of the County.

Andrew Bryant’s large-scale map of Hertfordshire from his series of county maps (see item 5). It is dedicated to James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury, Lord Lieutenant of the county.

Publication London, Published by A. Bryant, 27 Grt. Ormond Street, April 10th, 1822.

Description Large-scale engraved map, fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, calligraphic title upper left, key lower right, map edged in red silk, housed within original red paper slipcase, rubbed.

Dimensions 1340 by 1610mm (52.75 by 63.5 inches).

Scale 1.5 inches to one statute mile.

References Rodger 195.

£2,500.00

HERTFORDSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Huntingdon and Cambridge

31 GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County of Huntingdon, From An Actual Survey Made In The Year 1830.

A map of Huntingdon and Cambridge from Greenwood’s series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Kimbolton Castle, the seat of the Dukes of Manchester and the final home of Catherine of Aragon, at the lower right corner.

Publication London, Christopher & John Greenwood, 1830.

Description Engraved map in fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in green morocco pull-off slipcase.

Dimensions 1220 by 1040mm (48 by 41 inches).

References Rodger 203.

£1,000.00

HUNTINGDON

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The ‘Mudge Map’

32

MUDGE, William A General Survey of England and Wales An entirely new accurate Survey of Kent, with parts of the County of Essex...

Publication London, W. Faden, Charing Cross, 1801.

Description Engraved map on four sheets joined, mounted on linen.

Dimensions 1200 by 1660mm (47.25 by 65.25 inches).

This map of Kent was the first map produced by the Ordnance Survey, and is often known as the ‘Mudge Map’. The survey was initiated in response to fears of invasion by the newly republican French.

Lieutenant-Colonel William Mudge (1762-1820) began his career as a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery, and was appointed to the Ordnance Survey in 1791, becoming Superintendent in 1798. In the same year, he was elected to the Royal Academy.

The map carries a dedication at the lower right corner to Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, who was Master-General of the Ordnance from 1795-1801. The title is surmounted by the arms of the Board of Ordnance (later the Ministry of Defence).

References Rodger 235.

£750.00

KENT

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Kent

33 GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County of Kent, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1819 & 1820. By C. Greenwood.

To the Nobility, Clergy and Gentry, of Kent, This Map of the County Is most respectfully Dedicated by the Proprietors.

A map of Kent from Greenwood’s series of county maps (see item 3). There is a list of the hundreds of the county at the lower edge.

Publication London, Published for the Proprietors,

by G. Pringle Junior, No.70 Queen Street, Cheapside, July 19th, 1821.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original full-wash colour, edged in blue silk, housed in original diced calf pull-off slipcase, gilt ruled, lettered in gilt to spine, rubbed.

Dimensions 1230 by 1910mm (48.5 by 75.25 inches).

References Rodger 241.

£1,500.00

KENT

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Lancashire

34

GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County Palatine of Lancaster, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1818, By C. Greenwood, Wakefield. Drawn

by R. Creighton, 38 Lisle Street London.

A map of Lancashire from Greenwood’s series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Liverpool from the sea underneath the title cartouche. The only areas marked as authorised to send members to Parliament are Lancaster, Preston and Clitheroe.

Publication London, Published by the Proprietors, W. Fowler & C. Greenwood, Wakefield, Leicester Square, Dec. 1st, 1818.

Description Large engraved map on six sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, original outline hand colour, edged in linen, housed in original quarter calf slipcase, brown marbled paper boards, lettered in gilt to spine, rubbed and scuffed.

Dimensions 2100 by 1390mm (82.75 by 54.75 inches).

References Rodger 256; Whitaker 351.

£2,500.00

LANCASHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Hall’s fine and rare geological map of Lancashire

35 HALL, Elias A Mineralogical and Geological Map of the Coalfield of Lancashire with parts of Yorkshire, Cheshire & Derbyshire by Elias Hall.

Publication Castleton & Manchester, [c1836].

Description Large engraved map, fine original handcolour, dissected and mounted on linen, a few tears to old folds, and some loss to green silk edging, folding into original red cloth slipcase, with black morocco label, lettered in gilt, rubbed and scuffed.

Dimensions 990 by 1300mm (39 by 51.25 inches).

References Second state with the NHM Map Room SB 72Aa HALL; Ford, T. D., & Torrens, H. S., ‘Elias Hall, pioneer mineral surveyor and geologist in the Midlands and Lancashire’, Mercian Geologist, 2011.

£5,000.00

One of the earliest large-scale geological maps.

In 1834, Elias Hall published the present work: one of the first, if not the first geological map to be published on a scale of one inch to one mile. The map is dedicated to Adam Sedgwick, Vice President of the Geological Society. It is coloured in a similar fashion to William Smith’s 1815 map of England and Wales, with dense colours marking the lower outcrops (bassets) of the coal seams and other units, and with the colour then fading down. To the left of map is a column of 15,000 feet of the strata then known (with names taken largely from Smith and Farey) with units ranging from the Bagshot Sand [Eocene] down to the Old Red Sandstone [Devonian] and Transition Limestone [Silurian], with Mica Slate, Gneiss and Granite beneath.

The sequence of coals is fairly accurate, but there are minimal details of the Millstone Grit and Carboniferous Limestone. Some sketches of typical fossils were superimposed in the column. The London Clay has a sketch of an elephant, horse, rhinoceros, giraffe and two humans, which are now assigned to the then unrecognised Quaternary.

Elias Hall (1764-1853) was a pioneering Lancashire geologist. Little is known regarding Hall’s early life. He is first mentioned in 1796, in the cash book of a marble worker, White Watson, where he is said to be “Elias Hall, Castleton stone dealer”.

Hall began to realise the important practical aspects of the geological stratigraphy advocated by William Smith after meeting John Farey, Smith’s most important pupil, in 1807. Over the next ten years Farey and Hall would work closely together, with Hall producing several scale models from Farey’s surveys. It was through Farey that he would make contact with Joseph Banks, and later George Greenough, president of the Geological Society in London. However, Hall was to be the victim of a bitter dispute between Greenough and Farey, the former having refused to publish Farey’s detailed geological survey of Derbyshire. Furthermore, Greenough went on to describe Hall’s model of the Darbyshire dales, with its rather garish colours, as more akin to “a tray of Guts and Garbage in a Fishmonger’s or Poulterer’s Shop”. Hall did, however, receive praise from both Joseph Banks, and Charles Koenig, curator of minerals at the British Museum, who when he took a month’s vacation in Derbyshire, in 1819, visited Hall in Castleton. There he ordered two of Hall’s models of the topography of Derbyshire and Cumberland. Hall continued to publish geological material throughout the 1820s, most notably his works depicting the geological sections of the Lancashire coalfields. It was at this point that he begins to call himself a mineral surveyor. In the 1830s he not only published the present work, but was also involved in the coal industry, and became a founding member of the ‘British Association for the Advancement of Science’. He continued to be active in geological circles until his death in 1851.

Rare; Copac records only three institutional examples: Bristol University; Manchester University; and the Natural History Museum. OCLC records a further example at Cambridge University Library.

Provenance Ownership inscription on slipcase and map of Henry Holt, of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, a civil engineer and member of the ‘British Association for the Advancement of Science’.

LANCASHIRE

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Greenwood’s map of Leicester

36

GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County of Leicester, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1825, By C. & J. Greenwood most Respectfully Dedictaed to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry of the County.

A map of Leicester from Greenwood’s series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Belvoir Castle, the seat of the Dukes of Rutland, at the lower right corner.

Publication London, Published, By the Proprietors Greenwood, Pringle & Co., Regent Street, Pall Mall, February 28th, 1826.

Description Large engraved map on four sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original full-wash colour, edged in green silk, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco label to spine, rubbed.

Dimensions 1210 by 1220mm (47.75 by 48 inches).

References Rodger 268.

£800.00

LEICESTER

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Bryant’s map of Lincolnshire

37

BRYANT, A[ndrew] Map of the County of Lincolnshire from Actual Survey By A. Bryant, In the Years 1825-26 & 1827.

Respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry, of the County.

Bryant’s large-scale map of Lincolnshire, from his series of county maps (see item 5).

There is a view of Lincoln Cathedral at the lower right corner, and a list of the ecclesiastical divisions of the county at the lower left.

Publication London, Published by A. Bryant, 27, Great Ormund Street, April 19th, 1828.

Description Large-scale engraved map, fine original hand-colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, key to map lower left, view of Lincoln Cathedral lower right, edged in green silk, with some loss of silk, housed in calf pull-off slipcase, lettered in gilt.

Dimensions 2210 by 1660mm (87 by 65.25 inches).

References Rodger 277.

£3,000.00

LINCOLNSHIRE

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Greenwood’s map of Lincolnshire

38 GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County of Lincolnshire from An Actual Survey Made in the Years 1827 & 1828, By C. & J. Greenwood. Most Respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry of the County By the Propreitors Greenwood & Co.

A map of Lincolnshire from Greenwood’s series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Lincoln Cathedral at the lower left corner.

Publication London, Published, Regent Street, Pall Mall, Feby. 24th, 1830.

Description Large-scale engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original hand-colour view of Lincoln cathedral to lower left, key to map lower right, edged in green silk, folding into green morocco pull-off slipcase, gilt, spine in seven compartments, gilt.

Dimensions 2080 by 1540mm (82 by 60.75 inches).

Scale Two inches to one statute mile.

References Rodger 278.

£1,500.00

LINCOLNSHIRE

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Warburton’s of southeast England

39

WARBURTON, John; BLAND, Joseph and SMYTHE, Paylor A New and Correct Mapp of Middlesex, Essex, and Hertfordshire With the Roads, Rivers, Sea Coasts &c. Actually Surveyed.

Publication London, 1724.

Description Large hand-coloured engraved map on seven sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, subscriber’s coats-of-arms to borders, folding into red cloth slipcase, with publisher’s label of James Wyld, rubbed.

Dimensions 1190 by 1840mm (46.75 by 72.5 inches).

References Rodger 288.

£6,000.00

MIDDLESEX

Following the commercial success of his maps of Northumberland (c1716) and Yorkshire (c1720), Warburton announced his intention to publish maps of all the counties in England and Wales, though in many cases combining several counties on one map. The marketing for his next map, (that of Middlesex, Essex and Hertfordshire) followed familiar lines and on 25th October 1720, Warburton announced that “Proposals are given out and Subscriptions taken in for Surveying and Publishing the Counties of Middlesex (cum London) Essex and Hertfordshire...which it is hoped will be as agreeable to the Nobility and Gentry that have Seats of Inheritance therein, as to those in the Counties already Survey’d, and that their Approbation of the Undertaking will be shown by a ready Compliance in sending their Coats of Arms and Subscription monies viz 16s 6p...” By February 1723 Warburton was able to announce the progress of the surveys and the acceptance of over 300 subscribers for their coats-of-arms to be inserted on the map. A further announcement on 2nd November 1723 stated that the surveyor Paylor Smyth had completed his survey, though it was over a year before Warburton was able to announce the publication of the map which now included “in the margin 724 Coats of Arms, belonging to the Families that have Seats and Estates in the said Counties...The Price is Ten Shillings in Sheets, or Twelve Shillings and Sixpence if pasted on Cloth, and coloured.”

The announcement of the 724 coats of arms (the final production did in fact display 736), caused the immediate displeasure of the College of Heralds who attacked Warburton for the inaccuracy, even non-existence of some of the arms on the Northumberland and Yorkshire maps and even queried Warburton’s right to publish arms without a proper authority “not having resided within the Herald’s Office for about two Years last past”. Despite the stated intention to map the whole country, Warburton carried out no further surveys, though he did announce in 1749 separate maps of Middlesex and Hertfordshire taken from the large survey, which were advertised to include borders of coats-of-arms but which never materialised in this state.

The map itself is finely detailed and includes the divisions of the three counties and their hundreds and main roads, whilst the distances between the latter are indicated in miles and furlongs. Further detail includes woods, rivers, wind and water mills, battlefields, marshes and sandbanks. The most impressive feature, however, is the border of armorials of the subscribers, each one keyed to refer to his respective residence on the map. This feature had already appeared on earlier large-scale county surveys, for example Senex’s map of Surrey, and had undoubtedly contributed to the success of Warburton’s maps of Northumberland and Yorkshire. Whilst Warburton took by far the major part in the publication of the 3 counties map with Paylor Smyth doing the survey, Joseph Bland’s part in the enterprise would appear to be limited to collecting subscriptions and the distribution of the published map. With over 700 subscribers it should have been a considerable commercial success. Aesthetically it was very pleasing due partly to the clarity of Samuel Parker’s engraving (he was also responsible for the Yorkshire map) but mainly to its impressive size and multitude of

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armorials, all with references on the map. Each of the six topographical sheets, except sheet 2, contains coats-of-arms, the seventh sheet comprising three rows of armorials for pasting along the top of the map should it be displayed, as was intended, as a wall map. When shown in this way it is undoubtedly one of the most spectacular examples of eighteenth century English cartography ever produced. There were further editions

by Thomas Bowles c1753, and Bowles and Carver c1795 and possibly by Robert Wilkinson early in the nineteenth century.

Although the unusually large number of subscribers, if in fact they all existed, suggests a production well in excess of the usual large-scale printing, the temptation to display it as a wall map would have contributed to an even higher mortality rate than usual - certainly few examples have survived.

XXXXX

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Rocque’s fine separately issued map of Middlesex

40

ROCQUE, John A Topographical Map of the County of Middlesex.

Publication London, 1754.

Description Large engraved map with fine original handcolour, dissected and mounted on linen, housed within original calf slipcase, defective.

Dimensions 975 by 1410mm (38.5 by 55.5 inches).

References BL Cartographic Items Maps 3455 (1).

References Rodger 296.

Rocque’s finely engraved map of Middlesex.

The map extends from Staines in the west to Leytonstone and from Harefield in the north to Kingston-upon-Thames in the south. To the upper centre is a fine title cartouche with depictions of a Georgian surveyor holding a waywiser, and a putto using a plane. The text to the upper right gives details on the extent of the county, together with the extent of London, which is said to be six and a half miles in length, two and a half in breadth, has a circumference of eight and a half miles, or 5455 acres.

It would appear that John Rocque, a French Huguenot, emigrated with the rest of his family to London in the 1730s, where he began to ply his trade as a surveyor of gentleman’s estates, and with plans of Kensington Gardens, and Hampton Court. However, in 1737 he applied his surveying skills to a much greater task, that of surveying the entire built-up area of London - a survey that would make his name.

Begun in March of 1737, the map would take nine years to produce, eventually being engraved upon 24 sheets of copper and published in 1746.

£6,000.00

MIDDLESEX

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Rocque’s fine separately issued map of Middlesex

41

ROCQUE, John A Map of the County of Middlesex Reduced from the an Actual Survey in four Sheets By John Rocque. Carte de la Province de Middlesex reduite D’apres un arpanlage en quatre feuilles Par Jean Rocque 1757. Price 2s 6d.

The reduction on a single sheet of Rocque’s map of Middlesex (see previous item), which was first printed on four sheets in 1754.

Publication London, according to Act of Parliament by J. Rocque in the Strand, 1757.

Description Engraved map, minor loss to margins.

Dimensions 515 by 695mm (20.25 by 27.25 inches).

References Rodger 297. Copy held at BL Cartographic Items Maps K.Top.20.8.

£900.00

MIDDLESEX

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Corbridge’s rare maps of Norfolk

42

CORBRIDGE, James An Actual Survey of the County of Norfolk…

Publication London, Printed for T. Bowles in St Paul’s Church Yard, John Bowles in Cornhill, and Robert Sayer at the Golden Buck in Fleet Street, [c. 1765].

Description Engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen.

Dimensions 510 by 695mm (20 by 27.25 inches).

References Raymond Frostick, ‘James Corbridge’, IMCoS Journal 115, pp. 33-40; Raymond Frostick, Norfolk 27.2; not in Rodger.

£1,000.00

James Corbridge was a surveyor in Norwich in the first half of the eighteenth century. He produced numerous estate plans but is best known for his large-scale maps of Norfolk, Norwich and Great Yarmouth. His career began in Newcastle and amongst his early work is the first plan of the town. In the early 1720s he moved to Norwich and in 1730 he published his great large-scale map of the county of Norfolk, the first to be printed.

In 1735 he published this large single sheet reduction complete with extensive lists of the towns and villages in the county in surrounding panels. Each is keyed to the map and has their Hundred identified along with the distance in miles from Norwich. Circles of distance from Kings Lynn and Norwich radiate the map. The coastline is decorated with ornate images of seven boats and ships. Corbidge dedicated the map to Baron Walpole at the upper edge.

The map is engraved to the scale of three miles to the inch, each grid marking three miles. The year after the publication of the larger map Thomas Goddard and William Chase published a pirated copy. In Corbridge’s reduction, he could not resist sniping at Goddard and Chase’s work, writing in a message at the lower right, “I refer them to Mr. Chase and his Map (if they doubt my Scale of Miles which contains 1760 yards) for if I mistake not he has given three Scales to his Map which he calls Great Middle and Small, things Uncommon in Surveys of Countys and as useless as the 3 heads Imploy’d in Copying My Late Map of Norfolk”. Thomas and John Bowles and Robert Sayer were the publishers of the second edition of the Norwich town plan and the original map of Norfolk.

The map is not recorded in Rodger’s list of large-scale maps, and only one example appears to have ever appeared at auction. According to Frostick this is the second of four known states.

Provenance Bookplate of R. C. Fiske.

NORFOLK

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Manuscript plan of lands owned by Caius College in South Runcton 43

BURCHAM, Cha[rles] Plan of an Estate belonging to the Master and Fellows of Caius College Cambridge, situated in the Parishes of South Runcton and Holme.

Publication Lynn, 1820.

Description Manuscript plan, pen and ink on paper, ink stains and some loss to lower right, mounted on cloth.

Dimensions 330 by 440mm (13 by 17.25 inches).

Scale 100 chains to three-quarters of an inch.

Fine and detailed manuscript plan of the lands owned by Caius College Cambridge in the village of South Runcton.

The Runcton and Holme estate was gifted by John Caius, the founder of the college, in the year 1558, in order to provide an income for the college. The estate was originally the property of the Abby of Bury St Edmunds, and after the dissolution of the monasteries, in 1539, the estate passed to the crown, from whom Caius purchased the land.

The present plan is drawn by Charles Burcham, a local surveyor working in King’s Lynn. A key to the left hand side of the plan lists 45 places and provides their acreage and whether the land is arable or pastoral. To the upper right a fine cartouche depicts the god Mercury resting on an urn and holding up a large stone slab bearing the plan’s title.

Provenance Ownership inscription of H.C. Peacock, a resident of South Runcton in the 1930s.

£3,000.00

NORFOLK

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Milne’s survey of Norfolk

44

MILNE, Thomas, and DONALD, Thomas A Topographical Map of the County of Norfolk, Surveyed and Measured in the Years 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, and 1794. By Thos. Donald, Thos. Milne and Assistants. Planned from a Scale of one Inch to one Statute Mile.

The Executed and Published at the Expense of the Proprietor William Faden.

Publication London, William Faden, Geographer to His Majesty and to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales August, 1st, 1797.

Description Engraved map on six sheets, original handcolour in outline, dissected and mounted on linen, inset plans of Kings Lynn, Great Yarmouth, and Swaffham, key to map lower left.

Dimensions 1240 by 1840mm (48.75 by 72.5 inches).

References Rodger 318.

William Faden was a prolific publisher of atlases, maps and plans who started his career working for Thomas Jefferys around 1770. Following the latter’s death in 1771 he took over the business, which traded as Jeffery’s and Faden until 1783, after which it traded under Faden’s own name. The stock acquired from Jefferys was considerable, but it did not include a one inch to one mile of Norfolk; indeed the only large-scale surveys of the county up to this time were a number of maps published in the first half of the eighteenth century on a scale of 2/3 inch to one mile.

Andrew Armstrong’s son, Mostyn John, who had been involved with his father in the 1769 survey of Northumberland had moved to Norfolk a few years later. There he issued “Proposals” for large-scale maps of Norfolk, and Cambridgeshire, neither of which came to fruition. It was therefore left to William Faden to produce his own map as he had done with Hampshire and he again engaged the services of the surveyor of that map, Thomas Milne. The latter was joined by Thomas Donald who had worked for Jefferys on several surveys and would therefore be well known to Faden.

The map took five years to complete and was the first survey of the county on this scale, finely engraved on six sheets. The work is superbly detailed and includes information upon towns, villages, hills and parks, gentleman’s seats, churches and chapels, broads, farms and marshes, commons, heaths and woods, Roman camps, mills, great roads and cross-roads, rivers, drains and dykes. In 1797 Faden applied to the Society of Arts for an award for the map but despite the competence of the survey and his high standing in the map world, the application proved unsuccessful.

£4,500.00

NORFOLK

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Milne’s reduced survey of Norfolk

45 MILNE, Thomas A Topographical Map of the County of Norfolk, Reduced to a Scale of Two Statute Miles to one Inch, from the Large Map in Six Sheets; Surveyed by Thomas Milne, &c.

Publication London, Published by the Proprietor, W. Faden, Geographer to His Majesty and to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, August 12th, 1803.

A reduction of Thomas Milne’s map of Norfolk (see previous item).

The map took five years to complete and was the first survey of the county on this scale, finely engraved on six sheets. The single-sheet reduction present here was never printed alongside editions of the large-scale survey; surprisingly, it first appeared some six years after the publication of the six-sheet map.

Provenance Bookplate of R.C. Fiske to slipcase.

Description Engraved map dissected and mounted on linen, fine original outline hand-colour, folding into original green marbled paper slipcase, with publisher’s label.

Dimensions 590 by 900mm (23.25 by 35.5 inches).

References Rodger 321.

£900.00

NORFOLK

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The most important nineteenth century map of Norfolk

46

BRYANT, A[ndrew] Map of the County of Norfolk, from Actual Survey By A. Bryant, In the Years 1824, 1825, and 1826.

Respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry, of the County.

Publication London, Published by A. Bryant, 27, Great Ormund Street, Dec.r 1st, 1826.

Description Large-scale engraved map, fine original hand-colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, key to map lower left, view of Norwich Cathedral lower right, edged in green silk, housed in full calf pulloff slipcase, red morocco label lettered in gilt to spine.

Bryant’s large-scale map of Norfolk.

A superbly detailed map in the Bryant tradition, one of thirteen counties surveyed between 1822 and 1835. The detail includes towns, villages, churches, buildings, castles, parks, gentleman’s seats, commons, heaths and hills, parishes and other boundaries, broads, fens, canals, wind and water mills, fox covers, roads, lanes, toll bars and rivers. Though the two sections are almost completely filled by the map, Bryant manages to include a large calligraphic title and view of Norwich Cathedral without them being obtrusive. There is the usual list of “Ecclesiastical Divisions” and the “Explanation”. The latter follows the pattern of Bryant in 1822, when he produced his first survey of Hertfordshire. One addition to the present map is the detail shown of the Fens and the Marshland, but a more regular feature is the careful delineation of cities and towns in an ichnographical manner, one of the great advances of the large-scale map over its atlas counterpart.

Dimensions 1480 by 2300mm (58.25 by 90.5 inches).

Scale 1 1/4 inches to one statute mile.

References Rodger 324.

£3,500.00

NORFOLK

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The Greenwoods’ map of Northamptonshire

47

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John

A map of Northamptonshire from the Greenwood brother’s series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Peterborough Cathedral in the lower right corner.

Map of the County of Northampton from an Actual Survey made in the Years 1825 & 1826.

Publication London, Christopher and John Greenwood, 1826.

Description Engraved map in fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in green morocco pull-off slipcase.

Dimensions 1424 by 1426mm (56 by 56.25 inches).

References Rodger 331.

£1,500.00

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

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Andrew Bryant’s map of Northamptonshire

48

BRYANT, Andrew Map of the County of Northampton from Actual Survey

By A. Bryant, in the Years 1824, 1825 & 1826, Respectfully Dedicated To the Nobility, Clergy and Gentry of the County.

Andrew Bryant’s large-scale map of Northamptonshire from his series of county maps (see item 5). There is a large view of Peterborough Cathedral at the lower right corner.

Publication London, Published by A. Bryant, 27 Grt. Ormond Street, 1st June, 1827.

Description Large-scale engraved map, fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, calligraphic title, key lower left, map edged in green silk, housed within original calf pull-off slipcase, lettered in gilt, rubbed.

Dimensions 1910 by 1930mm (75.25 by 76 inches).

Scale: 1.5 inches to one statute mile.

References Rodger 332.

£2,500.00

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Fryer’s map of Northumberland

49

FRYER, John and FRYER, William Map of the County of Northumberland Map of the County of Northumberland, including the town & county of Newcastle upon Tyne, the Town and Bounds of Bewick upon Tweed and those parts of the County of Durham Situate to the North of the River Tyne. From an actual survey finished in the Year 1820.

By John Fryer & Sons, Newcastle.

Publication Newcastle John and William Fryer 1820.

Description Engraved map on three sheets with contemporary colour, mounted on linen, bound, with index booklet.

Dimensions 1800 by 1290mm (70.75 by 50.75 inches).

References Kentish 43; Rodger 341; Wallis & McConnell.

£5,800.00

NORTHUMBERLAND

An important early detailed survey of Northumberland, and a fine example of the contemporary demand for large-scale regional maps. The Royal Society of Art began to offer prizes for maps on a scale of one inch to the mile in 1762, which initiated a flurry of large-scale county surveys. This map, on the same scale, was produced by John Fryer (1745/46-1825) and his son William (1788-1864), cartographers and land surveyors based in northeast England. The Fryers’ surveying experience allowed them to construct highly accurate maps, including plans of Newcastle and the River Tyne. They used their direct contact with the terrain as a selling point: the title proclaims that it is made “From an actual survey”. Both father and son also held the position of receiver-general for Crown revenues in northern counties, which means the map may have been useful to them as an administrative tool as well as an expression of cartographic skill.

The map is dedicated to Lieutenant-General Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland, who would later serve as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under Wellington. The Duke’s name and order for five copies appears first in the list of subscribers in the index booklet with the Duke of Portland. It was common practice for maps such as these to be sponsored by subscriptions from local worthies, who might also provide feedback as to the map’s accuracy. A map of Dorset, submitted by Isaac Taylor to the Royal Society, did not win a prize after it was deemed inaccurate by the local gentry.

Although the Fryers’ work was not the first large-scale map of Northumberland, it was the first to show its longitudinal position correctly. It is designed for clarity of use. The ‘Explanation’ underneath the title cartouche provided a guide to the cartographical symbols used, and an accompanying booklet allowed the owner to look up the map square in which a particular town appeared. Of particular interest are the large shaded areas of the map, indicating the large amount of land which remained unenclosed even in the nineteenth century and Hadrian’s Wall, marked as ‘Roman Wall’, correctly showing it extending to Wallsend rather than terminating at Newcastle. The town and environs of Alnwick are given prominence as the seat of the map’s patron, the Duke of Northumberland.

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Greenwood’s map of Northumberland

50

GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County of Northumberland From Actual Survey Made in the Years 1828 & 1828. By C. & J. Greenwood. Most respectfully dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry of the County.

A map of Northumberland from Greenwood’s series of county maps (see item 3).

There is a view of Alnwick Castle, seat of the Dukes of Northumberland, in the lower right corner.

Publication London, By The Proprietors Greenwood & Co., Regent Street, Pall Mall, Dec., 15th, 1828.

Description Large engraved map, fine original full-wash hand-colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in three sections, edged in green silk, housed within, tree calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco label to spine, lettered in gilt, rubbed and scuffed.

Dimensions 1990 by 1430mm (78.25 by 56.25 inches).

References Roger 343.

£2,500.00

NORTHUMBERLAND

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The Greenwoods’ map of Nottinghamshire

51

GREENWOOD, Christopher Map Of the County of Nottingham, From an Actual Survey made in The Years 1824 7 1825.

A map of Nottinghamshire from Greenwood’s series of county maps (see item 3).

There is a view of Nottingham from the south in the lower right corner.

Publication London, Christopher & John Greenwood, 1818-1831.

Description Engraved map in fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in green morocco pull-off slipcase.

Dimensions 1435 by 1055mm (56.5 by 41.5 inches).

References Rodger 356.

£1,500.00

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

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Overton’s survey of Oxfordshire

52

OVERTON, Phil[ip] Oxford Actualy Survey’d &c.

Humbly Dedicated to the Rt. Reverend Father in God George Ld. Bishop of Bristol Dean of Christchurch & Lord Almoner to his Majesty By his Lordship’s Most Obedient Servant Phil: Overton.

This is the rare second state of a map first published around 1681 by John Seller and John Oliver, known only by a unique copy in the British Library. For this later edition, widespread revisions have been carried out to the decorative and explanatory features and there have been additions and alterations to the map itself. It is orientated with west to the top of the map and is printed on two separate sheets.

The right-hand sheet, which contains the decorative title cartouche, includes engravings of “The Publicke Schools in Oxford” and “The Pavement in Mosaic Work

Publication London, Sold By Phil: Overton Mapseller Against St. Dunstans Church in Fleet Street, 1715.

Description Engraved map, on two sheets joined, original hand-colour in outline, minor tears skilfully repaired at join.

Dimensions 600 by 910mm (23.5 by 35.75 inches).

References Rodger 368.

£3,500.00

OXFORDSHIRE

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Discover’d at Stansfield near Woodstock”. The left-hand sheet includes views of Blenheim House, Blenheim Bridge, and the Theatre in Oxford. More important, however is the fine “Prospect of Oxford from the East near London Road”. There is a list of the hundreds and of the market towns whilst Overton’s additions include mileages given between some of the towns; a note on the map-face stating that “the uppermost figures in the Circles are Computed and the undermost Statute or Measured Miles and Furlongs”.

Bryant’s magnificent map of Oxfordshire

53

BRYANT, Andrew Map of the County of Oxford from actual survey by A. Bryant, in the Year 1823. Inscribed by Permission to Right Honourable the Earl of Macclesfield Lord Lieutenant, and to the Nobility, Clergy and Gentry of the County.

Bryant’s large-scale map of Oxfordshire from his series of county maps (see item 5).

There is a view of Christ Church, Oxford and an inset map showing parts of the county outside Oxfordshire.

Publication London, Published by A. Bryant, 27 Great Ormond Street, May 1st, 1823.

Description Large-scale engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, fine original full-wash colour, edged in green silk, lower left, table of ecclesiastical divisions, upper left, some offsetting, insets of parts of the county outside Oxfordshire, housed in original full calf pull-off slipcase, gilt.

Dimensions 1920 by 1490mm (75.5 by 58.75 inches).

Scale 1.5 inches to one mile.

£3,000.00

OXFORDSHIRE

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The Greenwood’s map of Rutland

54

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John Map Of The County Of Rutland, From an Actual Survey made in the Year 1825.

The Greenwood brothers’ map of Rutland (formerly Rutlandshire) from their series of county maps. There is a view of Burley House at the lower right corner, owned at various points by the Dukes of Buckingham, Earls of Nottingham, and Earls of Winchilsea.

Publication London, Christopher & John Greenwood, 1825.

Description Engraved map in fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in green morocco pull-off slipcase.

Dimensions 685 by 757mm (27 by 29.75 inches).

Reference Rodger 385.

£1,000.00

RUTLANDSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Rocque’s map of Shropshire

55

ROCQUE, John To His Highness George Prince of Wales etc. This Actual Survey of the County of Salop is most humbly Inscribed By His Most Dutiful and Obedient Servant, John Rocque.

Publication London, Published according to Act of Parliament by John Rocque in the Strand, 1752.

Description Engraved map on four sheets.

An outstanding example of the first map of the county on a scale of one inch to one mile, and the first of Rocque’s county surveys. It established a pattern that was to continue with the one inch survey of Middlesex, and the two inch surveys of Berkshire and Surrey. The survey is typical of Rocque, with minute ichnographical detail and fields depicted in a way that allowed land use to be easily ascertained.

A contemporary list of Rocque’s stock in 1761, indicating some hundred or so items for sale from the premises in the Strand, included the Shropshire survey at 12s 6d.

The map has a lavishly decorated dedication to George, Prince of Wales, bearing his coat of arms. The title is repeated in French below a putto pouring water from a jar, above a vignette of coracles on the River Severn.

Dimensions 1200 by 1020mm (47.25 by 40.25 inches).

References Cowling 232; Rodger 387.

£2,500.00

SHROPSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The Greenwoods’ map of Shropshire

56 GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John

The Greenwood brothers’ map of Shropshire, from their series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of the town of Shrewsbury at the lower left.

Map of the County of Salop, From an Actual Survey Made in the Years 1826 & 1827, By C. & J. Greenwood, Most Respectfully Dedicated to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry of Shropshire.

Publication London, Published by the Proprietors, Greenwood, Pringle & Co., Regent St., Pall Mall, July 2nd, 1827.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original full-wash colour, edged in green silk, housed within calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco label to spine.

Dimensions 1500 by 1220mm (59 by 48 inches).

References Cowling 412; Rodger 390.

£1,200.00

SHROPSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Rare Georgian map of the environs of Bath

57 THORPE, Thomas A Map of 5 miles round the City of Bath On a scale of one Inch & half to a Mile, from an Actual Survey made by Tho: Thorpe with Alterations & Improvements to the present time 1773. Printed for and Sold by W. Frederick & W. Taylor Booksellers of whom may be had a New Plan of the City of Bath with the Additional Buildings.

Publication Bath, Printed according to Act of Parliament, March 25th, 1773.

Description Engraved plan with original hand-colour in outline.

An unusual map of Bath, set in a round frame in imitation of a compass.

Bath was a fashionable destination for the nobility and gentry of Georgian and Regency Britain. The town itself contained the Pump Room, where the spa waters were drunk, the Theatre Royal, and the Assembly Rooms, where balls were held. The countryside around it was a popular destination for day trips and riding.

Although nominally a spa town, it was also an important part of the marriage market, and was less formal than London. The year before this map was published, the playwright Richard Sheridan helped the soprano Elizabeth Linley escape from an arranged marriage and elope to France.

The map is a reduction of Thomas Thorpe’s survey of Bath and its environs.

Thorpe first published the large scale map on nine sheets in 1744. The reduction was first published in 1771, then again in 1773 (as in the present example), and in 1787, 1799, and 1800.

Dimensions 440 by 440mm (17.25 by 17.25 inches).

References Needell 34. Copy held at BL Cartographic Items Maps K.Top.37.10.

ÂŁ1,000.00

SOMERSET

ENGLISH COUNTIES

One of the Greenwoods’ earliest surveys together

58

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John Map of the County Somerset, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1820 & 1821. By C. & I. Greenwood. To the Nobility, Clergy and Gentry, of Somersetshire, This Map of the County Is most respectfully Dedicated by the Proprietors.

The Greenwood brothers’ map of Somerset from their series of county surveys (see item 3), one of their earliest surveys completed together. Below the map is a key denoting the various signs used on the map, and to the lower left is a view of Wells Cathedral.

Publication London, Published for the Proprietors,

by G. Pringle Junior, No.70 Queen Street, Cheapside, July 19th, 1822.

Description Large engraved map, on six sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, in three sections, edged in blue silk, housed in tree calf full-off slipcase, with green morocco label lettered in gilt to spine.

Dimensions 1350 by 1860mm (53.25 by 73.25 inches).

References Chubb, Somerset, p.90; Rodger 400.

£2,200.00

SOMERSET

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The Greenwoods’ map of Staffordshire

59 GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John

A map of Staffordshire from the Greenwood brothers’ series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Lichfield Cathedral at the lower right corner.

Map of the County of Stafford from Actual Survey made in The Years 1819 & 1820.

Publication London, Christopher and John Greenwood, 1820.

Description Engraved map in fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in green morocco pull-off slipcase.

Dimensions 1560 by 1190mm (61.5 by 46.75 inches).

References Rodger 408.

£1,500.00

STAFFORDSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Hutchings’ map of Staffordshire

60 PHILLIPS, J[ohn] and HUTCHINGS, W. F. A Map of the County of Stafford Divided into Hundreds & Parishes, From an Accurate Survey, Made in the Years 1831 & 1832, By J. Phillips & W. J. Hutchings, London.

An uncommon map of Staffordshire.There is a view of Lichfield Cathedral at the lower right. A table of explanation towards the bottom left outlines a wealth of topographical detail, including ichnographic representations of the principal towns, villages, churches, gentleman’s seats, commons, heaths and hills, parish and other boundaries, canals, wind and water-mills, roads, lanes, toll-bars and rivers.

Publication London, Published by Henry Tessdale & Co. 302, High Holborn, August 1st, 1832.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original fullwash colour, south east view of Lichfield cathedral, edged in green silk.

Dimensions 1370 by 990mm (54 by 39 inches).

References Rodger 409.

£1,000.00

STAFFORDSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Kirby’s map of Suffolk

61 KIRBY, John and KIRBY, William A New Map of the County of Suffolk.

Publication Ipswich, Stephen Piper, [1825].

Description Engraved map on four sheets (each approx.

530 by 740mm), housed in modern green cloth folder, maroon leather title piece, title in gilt.

Dimensions 1110 by 700mm. (43.75 by 27.5 inches).

References J.M. Blatchly, ‘Kirby, John’, ODNB; Rodger 414 (1736 edition).

£7,500.00

SUFFOLK

A rare republication of an early map of Suffolk.

John Kirby (c1690–1753) was a surveyor and topographer. According to his grandson William, the family was descended from a north-country royalist who emigrated to Suffolk. Kirby began surveying by 1725 to support his family, and over the next 20 years he drew up plans of estates in more than 20 Suffolk parishes. He began a survey of the whole county with Nathaniel Bacon junior in 1732. The survey was published initially in a gazetteer and road book, ‘The Suffolk Traveller’ (1735).

A more ornate version was engraved by R. Collins and published the following year.

A cheaper version, at half the scale and without arms, was engraved by James Basire and published in 1737.

In 1766 Kirby’s sons, Joshua and William, republished the two editions of the wall map, the larger re-engraved by John Ryland, with twelve views added and the arms and estate owners’ names revised to reflect the changing inhabitants of the county. The present example was published in 1825 by Stephen Piper, an Ipswich bookseller. Despite the claims to revision in the imprint, he merely added his name as publisher.

The twelve added views show Burgh Castle, Bungay Castle, Mettingham Castle, Leiston Abbey, Covehith Church, Blithburgh Priory, Framlingham Castle, Oxford Castle, Wingfield Castle, Butley Priory, Bury Abbey, and St James’s Church at Dunwich.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Bryant’s map of Suffolk

62

BRYANT, A[ndrew] Map of the County of Suffolk, from an actual Survey made A. Bryant, in the Years 1824 and 1825.

Inscribed by Permission, to His Grace The Duke of Grafton Lord Lieutenant, and to the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry, of the County.

Andrew Bryant’s large-scale map of Suffolk, from his series of county maps (see item 5).

Publication London, Published By A. Bryant, 27 Gt. Ormond Street, March 1st, 1826.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, fine original full-wash colour, some spotting, edged in green silk, housed in original tanned calf pull-off slipcase, gilt.

Dimensions 1510 by 1950mm (59.5 by 76.75 inches).

References Rodger 421.

£3,000.00

SUFFOLK

ENGLISH COUNTIES

John Seller’s rare map of Surrey

63

SELLER, John Surrey Actually Survey’d and Delineated By John Seller Hydrographer to the King many Additions by P. Lea Cum Privilegio Regis.

Publication London, Sold by Philip Lea at ye Atlas and Hercules in Cheap Side, [c.1693-1700].

The map was first issued by Seller in 1679. The map was to be part of Seller’s large folio county atlas of England and Wales, entitled ‘Atlas Anglicanus’. However the project, like much of Seller’s over-ambitious schemes, never got off the ground, with only six of the counties - Middlesex, Surrey, Hertfordshire, Kent, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire - being surveyed. In 1693, he was forced to sell the plates to Philip Lea, who issued them separately and as part of the composite atlases of England and Wales. After Lea’s death in 1700, the business was run by his widow Anne, until her death in 1730.

Description Engraved map on two sheets joined, fine original hand-colour in outline, trimmed to neatline.

Dimensions 635 by 1005mm (25 by 39.5 inches).

Scale 3/4 inch to 1 statute mile.

References BLMC Maps 3455.(9.); Rodger 426; Skelton 115.

£1,500.00

SURREY

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The first large-scale survey of Surrey

64

ROCQUE, John A Topographical Map of the County of Surrey In which is Expressed all the Roads, Lanes, Churches, Noblemen, and Gentlemen’s Seats, &c. &c., the Principal Observations, by the Late John Rocque, Topographer to HIs Majesty, Compleated and Engraved by Peter Andrews. To His Royal Highness William Henry Duke of Gloucester & Edinburgh and Earl of Connaught Ireland.

This Actual Survey of the County of Surrey in most humbly inscrib’d by his Royal Highness’s most humble and obliged Servant. Mary Ann Rocque.

Publication London, Mary Ann Rocque, [c1787].

Description Large oblong folio (580 by 720mm), large engraved map on nine sheets, bound in plano, six sheets remargined at right, with no loss to image, green half calf over original eighteenth century marbled paper boards, rebacked and recornered, red morroco label lettered in gilt to upper board.

Dimensions 570 by 700mm (22.5 by 27.5 inches).

References Rodger 434.

£4,500.00

SURREY

The second state of John Rocque’s immensely detailed map of Surrey, identifiable by the inclusion of the Battersea and Richmond Bridges. Richmond Bridge was completed in 1787, the probable date of this work. The contribution of the Huguenot surveyor and engraver John Rocque (d.1762) to English regional cartography is difficult to overstate. He produced fine surveys of Berkshire, Middlesex, Shropshire and Surrey, together with two important maps of London. The Surrey map is no exception - the first of the county on this scale. Following Rocque’s death in 1762 the survey was completed and the plates engraved by Peter Andrews, but it retains Rocque’s unique style, suggesting that most of the survey was finished before his death. It was published by his widow, Mary Ann Rocque, who inherited the business upon Rocque’s death and ran it successfully for some time after: the widows of members of the Stationer’s Company in England were allowed to retain guild membership for life, even if they remarried.

Rocque’s work began with plans of private estates, and expanded to town plans based on surveys commissioned by Rocque himself. These larger town and county plans were a response to a growing demand for improved regional cartography, borne out of civic pride. Rocque’s effort in this sphere were part of a larger effort in British cartography towards more accurate surveying and cartography, but he was the only one of his contemporaries initiating projects on this scale not to declare bankruptcy.

His modus operandi was to dedicate each work to an influential or wealthy figure, as the costs of surveys were rarely met by the proceeds of sales. Mary Ann Rocque followed her husband’s example by dedicating their map of Surrey to a wealthy patron. The large and spectacular cartouche in the upper left corner contains a dedication to William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and includes his portrait. The Duke sits on a cloud, with his attention directed towards the text by Apollo, surrounded by the nine Muses. The globe and telescope of Urania are given particular prominence.

The map itself mirrors his previous productions, with a delicate use of hatching to differentiate between arable and pasture allowing land-use to be easily ascertained. It is, however, peculiar in that it is oriented to magnetic north instead of true north, and this may cause a little confusion at first glance.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The Greenwoods’ map of Surrey

65 GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County of Surrey, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1822 & 1823, By C. & I. Greenwood.

The Greenwood brothers’ large-scale map of Surrey, from their series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Kew Palace at the upper left corner. Kew had become the favoured summer residence of George II and George III, and the development of Kew Gardens drew many visitors.

Publication London, Published by the George Pringle Jun[io]r, 70 Queens Street, Cheapside, Sept.

1st, 1823.

Description Large engraved map on four sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, original full-wash hand colour, edged in green silk, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco label to spine, lettered in gilt, rubbed.

Dimensions 1010 by 1230mm (39.75 by 48.5 inches).

£2,500.00

SURREY

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The first large-scale map of Sussex

66

BUDGEN, Richard An Actual Survey of the County of Sussex Divided, into Rapes, Hundreds and Deanryes, In which the Exact Longitude and Latitude of all the Remarkable Places are Determin’d from Observation.

Also An Accurate Delineation By Admeasurement of The Sea-coast, Roads, and the Rivers so far as Navigable etc. By Rich Budgen 1724.

Publication London, Printed for H. Lintot at ye Cross Keys agst. St Dunstans Church in fleetstreet,1724 [but 1730?].

Description Folio, half calf, engraved map on six sheets (three of 660 x 495 mm, and three of 335 x 495 mm), original outline colour.

Scale 3/4 inch to one mile.

References Kingsley 24(ii); Rodger 452.

£10,000.00

SUSSEX

One of the outstanding county surveys of the early eighteenth century, an important and influential period in English regional cartography, despite the criticism of the noted antiquarian Richard Gough, who censured the map as “either correct nor well executed”. This however was in 1780 and Yeakell and Gardner had just announced their “Proposals” for their “Great Survey” under the patronage of the influential Duke of Richmond which may well have influenced Gough’s view. In spite of its shortcomings the map was a landmark in Sussex history, the first in the county to be oriented to true north and to indicate magnetic variation, the first to have parallels and meridians drawn across the map, the first to rely solely on the statute mile of 1760 yards, after Ogilby’s survey of 1675, and the first to show the towns ichnographically. It was engraved on six sheets of different sizes, three full sheets being used for the map with three half-sheets being used for the decorative detail.

The latter comprises the title cartouche, the dedication cartouche, prospects of Lewes and Chichester with their ichnography, and the coats-of-arms of sixteen of the local nobility. There are 148 subscribers’ arms which in most cases are keyed by map reference to their residences. The map was designed specifically for the landed gentry and their commercial interests and this was reflected in the “Explanation” where the diagrammatic detail included market towns, villages and farms, manor houses and gentlemen’s seats, castles, ruins and camps, woodland, commons, marshland and heaths, forges, furnaces and stone quarries, rocks, mineral waters and sands and the boundaries of the county, rapes, deaneries and hundreds. Of particular interest were signs indicating those parts abundant with timber and an indication of the navigable distance of a river whilst mileages are indicated along both roads and rivers.

The actual survey took longer to reach completion than originally anticipated.

A broadside pasted to the bottom corner of an unfinished proof of the eastern sheet in the British Library dated Jan 10th 1722 informs us that “Whereas it was proposed to deliver the map to subscribers by Christmas 1721, but the Spring and beginning of the Summer proving very wet and Roads thereby impassable for the Wheel. If the coming Spring proves tolerably fair the survey may be completed by midsummer next and some of the Plates engrav’d; of which Proofs may be printed, and sent to the Principal Towns of the County that Gentlemen may have an opportunity of examining them etc. before they are filled with various Particulars.” The survey must have progressed satisfactorily hereon as an advertisement on May 23rd 1723 in the Weekly Journal announced that “Mr. Budgen’s map of Sussex being now finished the subscribers who are to have their arms engraved thereon are desired to send them to Bernard Lintot, Bookseller...that the said map may be published immediately”. The 143 subscribers must have been slow to respond as the request was repeated in a further advertisement on Dec. 21st. There is only one known example of the map in this first state with 143 armorials, surprisingly with the imprint of John Senex, and it may be that this is a proof impression.

When the map re-appeared it was under the imprint of Bernard Lintot’s son, Henry. There were five more coats-of-arms, and, amongst other minor additions, the date 1724 was added to the end of the title. Even so there were still twelve blank shields whilst many of the others lacked a map reference, possibly reflecting their owner’s tardiness in forwarding a subscription. Bernard Lintot, who shared the same address as John Senex, did not advertise the map until some years later - it may be that this edition was not published until after 1730. There was a further edition published by J. Sprange in 1779, but it remains one of the scarcest and most appealing of the early county surveys.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Rare separately issued map of Sussex

67

OVERTON, Phillip An Actual Survey of the County of Sussex Divided into Rapes Hundreds and Deanries...

Publication London, Printed and sold by Philip Overton near St Dunstan’s Church Fleetstreet, and Thomas Bowles next ye Chapter house in St. Paul’s Church yard, [c.1726].

Description Engraved map with outline hand colouring, on two sheets joined, loss to upper left corner skilfully supplied in facsimile.

Dimensions 590 by 990mm (23.25 by 39 inches).

Scale 1/2 to one mile.

References Roger 454; Kingsley 26.

Rare separately issued map of Sussex.

This large two sheet map is a reduction of Budgen’s large-scale map of the county first published in 1724 - the first large-scale map of the county. A detailed key to the upper right provides information on market towns, disused habitations, Gentleman’s Seats, manor of farm houses, castles, ruins abbeys, priorys etc., furnaces, forges, watermills, smiths forges, camps, heaths, mineral waters, stone quarries, woodland, commons, rocks, sands, boundaries of county, rapes, deaneries, hundreds, navigable rivers, and “parts abounding most with Oak Timber”. To the sea around the Selsey peninsula are depicted shoals, rocks, and numerous soundings. Above the map are two prospects of Lewes from the south and Chichester from the north.

Although not dated, Kingsley in his comprehensive survey of maps of Sussex, date the work to around 1726, due to the fact that Philip Overton and Thomas Bowles published a map of Essex, Middlesex, and Hertfordshire in 1726, similar in size to the present map with the same style border.

As with all separately issued maps Overton’s map of Sussex is rare, with OCLC recording five institutional examples. Kingsley records a further example housed in the Bodleian.

£2,000.00

SUSSEX

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Yeakell and Gardner’s landmark map of Sussex

68 GARDNER, W., YEAKELL, T., and GREAM, Thomas A Topographical Map of the County of Sussex, Divided into Rapes, Deaneries and Hundreds, Planned from an Actual Survey..

Publication London, 1795.

Description Engraved map, mounted on linen, hand coloured.

Dimensions 780 by 1000mm (30.75 by 39.25 inches).

References Rodger 459.

ÂŁ5,000.00

SUSSEX

Thomas Yeakell and William Gardner first published their map in four sheets between 1778 and 1783, on a scale of two inches to the mile. The map drew on the massive advance in surveying techniques being made at this time which would be utilised in the first Ordnance Survey maps of the early nineteenth century. It proved a landmark map of the county and of large-scale mapping in this country in general.

Yeakell and Gardner were originally employed by Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond, on his Goodwood estate. In 1782 the Duke was appointed Master General of the Ordnance and brought Gardner with him, who became Chief Surveying Draughtsman. In 1791 Gardner produced a revised version of the map of Sussex at one inch to the mile, using data collected from the triangulated surveys of the OS, with the help of Thomas Gream, Yeakell having died in 1787. Appearing six years before the first official Ordnance Survey map, of Kent, this edition was the first ever map to be published based on their surveys.

The present example is the second state, although the first was probably never offered for sale. Kingsley observes that the first state was a proof with no title, dedication or scale.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The Greenwoods’ map of Sussex

69 GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, john

The Greenwood brothers’ map of Sussex from their series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Chichester Cathedral at the lower right corner.

Map of the County of Sussex.

Publication London, Greenwood, Pringle & Co, 13 Regent St, Pall Mall March 24th 1825.

Description Large engraved map on six sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original full-wash colour, edged in green silk, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco label to spine.

Dimensions 1880 by 1290mm (74 by 50.75 inches).

References Rodger 465.

£3,000.00

SUSSEX

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Map of Sussex

70 TREACHER, Henry and Charles Treacher’s New Map of Sussex From the New Ordnance Survey Revised to Date Showing the New Parliamentary Divisions, Boroughs, Parishes, Railways, Stations etc.

Publication Brighton, H & C Treacher, 1886.

Description Lithographed map with original colour, backed on linen, folding into original green cloth cover with gilt lettering and blind stamping Dimensions 1080 by 1890mm (42.5 by 74.5 inches).

References Kingsley 143 A (ii). Copy held at BL C.22.c.18

£600.00

SUSSEX

A map of Sussex produced from Ordnance Survey one inch sheets, which were joined together and laid on lithographic stones. It is possible in parts to see the joins of the sheets; for example, the town of St Anne near Lewes reads as St An-nne. The publishers Edward Stanford complained to the Stationary Office in 1886 of “a very flagrant case of piracy.... The new 1-inch map of Sussex had been reproduced on the same scale by photolithography, and was being sold, in Brighton and elsewhere, at about half the price of the real Ordnance map”. It is quite possible that this was the map in question. Stanford was the agent for the Ordnance Survey at the time. This is the second edition, published by H & C Treacher. At the upper edge are three town plans of Tunbridge Wells, Brighton and Hove, and Hastings and St Leonards. At the lower right corner is an inset map continuing the map to the east along Rye Bay.

The map is compiled from sheets 300-304, 316-320, and 331-334, all published between 1876 and 1882. The inset map is from sheet 321, published in 1880.

The firm of H & C Treacher was originally founded in Brighton in 1858 by brothers Harry and Charles Treacher, and developed into a highly successful local booksellers, printers and stationers. By the time this map was printed, Harry’s place had been taken by his nephew Henry Moreton, although the business continued under the same name.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The Greenwoods’ map of Warwickshire

71

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John

The Greenwood brothers’ map of Warwickshire, from their series of county maps (see item 3). There is a view of Warwick Castle at the lower left corner.

Map of the County of Warwick, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1820 & 1821, By C. & J. Greenwood Dedictaed to the Nobility, Clergy & Gentry of the County.

Publication London, Published, By the Proprietors, and Published for them By George Pringle Ju[io] r, 70 Queen Street, Cheapside, March 1st, 1822.

Description Large engraved map on four sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original full-wash colour, edged in green silk, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco label to spine, rubbed.

Dimensions 1370 by 1100mm (54 by 43.25 inches).

References Rodger 481.

£1,200.00

WARWICKSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Earl Howe’s copy of a map showing the agreed route of the London to Birmingham railway 72

STEPHENSON, Robert London & Birmingham Railway.

Plan of the Line and Adjacent Country.

Publication [London, C. F. Cheffins, 1835].

Description Engraved map, on two sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original fullwash colour, edged in blue silk, housed in original brown cloth slipcase lettered in gilt.

Dimensions 750 by 1550mm (29.5 by 61 inches).

Scale One inch to one statute mile.

£1,800.00

A rare early state of Robert Stephenson’s map of the London to Birmingham railway.

This large and detailed map shows the agreed route of the London to Birmingham railway, the first intercity railway line to be built into London. Work on the line commenced in 1833 and would take five years to complete. The line was engineered by Robert Stephenson, son of the “father of the railway” George Stephenson, and one of the greatest civil engineers of the Victorian age.

The line started at Euston Station in London, went north-north-west to Rugby, where it turned west to Coventry and on to Birmingham. It terminated at Curzon Street Station, which it shared with the Grand Junction Railway (GJR), whose adjacent platforms gave an interchange with full connectivity (with through carriages) between Liverpool, Manchester and London. Below the map is a section showing the inclinations of the railway line.

The present example is an early state before the inclusion of the C. F. Cheffin’s imprint and the addition of two inset plans to the upper right showing London Depots at Chalk Farm and Euston Grove, the Birmingham Depot. These early states were probably produced for subscribers, and owners of land along the route of the railway.

We are only able to trace two institutional examples of this state: Cambridge University Library, and London University Library.

Provenance Right Honourable Earl Howe (lettered in gilt to slipcase). Earl Howe owned land around Curzon Street in Birmingham where the line terminated.

WARWICKSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Sherriff ’s rare map of 25 miles round Birmingham

73 SHERRIFF, James.

A Map of Upwards of 25 Miles round the town of Birmingham To his most sacred Majesty, George the Third, King of Great Britain &c &c. This Map with permission is respectfully Inscribed by James Sherriff. Survey begun in 1788 and completed in 1796.

Publication London, Published by James Sherriff, Cresent Birmingham and W. Faden Geographer to his Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Charing Cross, September 20th, 1798.

Description Engraved map on six sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original full-wash colour, additional margin to left and lower border, edged in green silk, housed in modern red marbled paper slipcase, with facsimile label.

The surveyor was carried out by James Sherriff, who states in the title that the work took him eight years to complete (1788-1796), with the work being published in 1798. Sherriff had premises in New Street, Birmingham; he would later go on to produce surveys of the environs of Liverpool in 1800 and 1823. In 1812, he is mentioned in Wrightson’s trade directory as a ‘surveyor and British winemaker’.

To the upper right of the map is a decorative title cartouche depicting a view of Birmingham. A panel at the bottom right hand corner gives the usual “Explanation” which includes towns and villages, churches and chapels, gentleman’s seats and farm houses, turnpike roads with numbers of miles, cross and bye roads, rivers and watermills and navigable canals, coal an lime pits, parks, woods and hils, wind mills and glass houses, divisions of the counties and hundreds plus the principal fox covers.

The work was engraved by Benjamin Baker a prolific producer of engraved maps from the late 18th century onwards. As a map engraver and publisher he resided first at 32 High Street, Islington from 1791 - 1793 and then in Lower Street, Islington from 1798-1800. In 1804 he became principal engraver to the Ordnance Survey and he and his firm were regarded as “the best topographical engravers in Europe.”

Dimensions (image) 845 by 710mm (33.25 by 28 inches). (with margins) 1030 by 820mm (40.5 by 32.25 inches).

References Rodger 480.

£1,500.00

BIRMINGHAM

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The Greenwoods’ map of Westmorland

74 GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County of Westmorland, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1822 & 1823. By C. & J. Greenwood. Most Respectfully Dedicated To the Nobility, Clergy and Gentry, of the County by the Proprietors.

The Greenwood brothers’ map of Westmorland, from their series of county maps (see item 3). There is a vignette of the market town of Appleby at the lower edge.

Publication London, Published by George Pringle Junior, No.70 Queen Street, Cheapside, January 1st, 1824.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, original outline handcolour, view of Appleby lower right, evenly age toned, edged in green silk, housed in original tree calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco lable lettered in gilt to spine, rubbed and scuffed.

Dimensions 1000 by 1200mm (39.25 by 47.25 inches).

References Rodger 486.

£1,400.00

WESTMORELAND

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Andrew’s and Dury’s map of Wiltshire

75 ANDREWS, John and DUREY, Andrew A Topographical Map of Wiltshire, on a Scale of 2 Inches to a Mile, from an Actual Survey, by John Andrews & Andrew Dury. To the Noblemen, Clergy, Freeholders of the County of Wilts This Map is inscribed By their most Obedient and devoted Servants John Andrews, Andrew Dury in the Years 1773.

Publication [London, Andrews and Dury, August 19th, 1773].

Andrews’s and Dury’s large-scale map of Wiltshire.

John Andrews and Andrew Dury were responsible for three large-scale eighteenth century county surveys: Hertfordshire 1766, Kent 1769, and - the present map - Wiltshire in 1773. All three surveys are on a scale of two inches to one mile.

The majority of the large-scale maps were on a scale of one inch to one mile. This larger scale allowed for much greater detail; and the map depicts hills, woods and barrows, commons heaths and parks, rivers, ponds and wells, bridges and windmills, churches and chapels, towns, villages and parishes, gentlemen’s seats, farms and houses, turnpikes, secondary roads and lanes, with the main roads showing the mileage from London and the county and hundred boundaries. The list of subscribers on the title sheet indicates 80 subscribers purchasing 179 copies between them including 40 copies of each to the Duke of Queensbury and to the Earl of Shelburne.

Description Large-scale engraved map, on 18 sheets, fine original full-wash colour, each sheet laid on old paper, some creasing to sheets, trimmed to within left side of image with loss, housed within a modern blue buckram solander box, title in gilt to spine.

Dimensions 2700 by 1800mm (106.25 by 70.75 inches).

References Rodger 491.

£2,000.00

WILTSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

The Greenwoods’ map of Wiltshire

76 GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, JOhn

The Greenwood brothers’ map of Wiltshire, from their series of county maps (see item 3). To the lower left of the map is a view of Salisbury Cathedral.

Map of the County of Wilts, from an Actual Survey made in the Years 1819 & 1820 ublication London, Christopher and John Greenwood, Dec. 12th 1820.

Description Engraved map in fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in green morocco pull-off slipcase.

Dimensions 1470 by 1150mm (57.75 by 45.25 inches).

References Rodger 498.

£2,200.00

WILTSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Worcestershire

77

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John

The Greenwood brothers’ map of Worcestershire, from their series of county maps (see item 3). To the lower left of the map is a view of Worcester Cathedral.

Map of the County of Worcester, from an actual Survey made in the Years 1820 & 1821, By C. & I. Greenwood, London.

Publication London, Published by the Proprietors, Greenwood & Pringle & Co., 13 Regent Street, Pall Mall, June 1st, 1822.

Description Large engraved map on four sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, original full-wash hand colour, edged in green silk, housed in original tree calf pull off slipcase, lettered in gilt to spine, rubbed and scuffed.

Dimensions 1130 by 1230mm (44.5 by 48.5 inches).

References Rodger 503.

£700.00

WORCESTERSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Large manuscript survey of Sprotbrough and Cadeby

78 COLBECK, Jo[seph] A Map of ye Mannors of Sprodbrong Newton and Cateby in ye West Riding of the County of York Survey’d for Godfrey Copley Esq. by Jo. Colbeck Ano. Dom. 1728.

Publication Sprotbrough, 1728.

Description Large manuscript survey, fine original handcolour, on two pieces of vellum, joined, some dust soiling.

Dimensions 710 by 1800mm (28 by 70.75 inches).

Scale (approx.) 13 inches to statute mile.

References National Archives: DD/CROM/6/7; DD/ CROM/6/8.

Large and detailed eighteenth century survey of the Copley Estate and its environs in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

Surrounding the map are several tables providing information upon the owners of the land, outlined in the survey, together with table denoting the various parishes that bounded the estates. Numerous pencil sketches abound with deer depicted in ‘New Park’, the Sprotbrough Hall to right of Sprotbrough, and divisions within the fields. The plan is bounded at to the south by the River Dunn.

Godfrey Copley (1706-1761), had inherited Sprotbrough Hall and estate after his father Lionel Copley passed away in 1719; who himself have inherited the estate in 1709 after the demise the 2nd Baronet Godfrey Copley (1653-1709), whom had built Sprotbrough Hall, in the late seventeenth century. The 2nd Baronet name would be immortalised by the Copley Medal. Instituted in 1731 by the Royal Society - after a bequest of £100 in Copley’s will - the medal is award annually for “outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science”. It would appear that the surveyor of the map, Joseph Colbeck was in the employ of Godfrey Copley - as he was named in two documents housed within the National Archives at Kew: Steward to Godfrey Copley, in 1749, and 1759.

£9,000.00

YORKSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Jefferys’ monumental map of the county of Yorkshire

79 JEFFERYS, Thomas The County of York Survey’d in MDCCLXVII, VIII, IX and MDCCLXX. Publication London, Thomas Jefferys, 1772.

Description Large-scale engraved map, fine original fullwash colour, on twenty sheets, dissected and mounted on linen in four sections, folding into modern calf pull-off slipcase, red morocco label, lettered in gilt to spine.

Dimensions 2350 by 2900mm (92.5 by 114.25 inches).

References Rodger 510.

£5,000.00

YORKSHIRE

Thomas Jefferys was one of the most important and prolific map publishers of the eighteenth century and was appointed Cartographer to the Prince of Wales in 1748, and later to George III. Apart from his publishing business he produced many important atlases and maps of America and the West Indies and surveyed and engraved many large-scale maps of English counties including Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Westmoreland and Yorkshire. The huge cost involved in these projects was a major contribution to his slide into insolvency and he became bankrupt in 1766. Surprisingly it made little difference to his business activities, “having found some friends who have been compassionate enough to re-instate me in my shop”. One of these friends was Robert Sayer who joined him in partnership and whose imprint appeared on the later editions of some of Jefferys’ large-scale surveys.

Thomas Jefferys was involved in one capacity or another in no less than ten English large-scale surveys in the latter part of the eighteenth century but died a year before the publication of the magnificent survey of Yorkshire. Although he achieved early prominence through his engraving of the award winning map of Devon by Benjamin Donn in 1765 his greatest achievement in this field was undoubtedly this map of Yorkshire engraved on a scale of 1 inch to 1 mile and complemented by fine plans of Sheffield, Leeds, Ripon, Kingston-upon-Hull and Scarborough, mostly drawn on a scale of 132 yards to the inch. Two of the sheets are each devoted to a topographical view engraved by W. Walker after N. T. Dall. The view of Fountain Abbey contains the title to the map whilst that of Middleham Castle embraces a long dedication to Charles Wentworth, who claimed “Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding” amongst his many titles. Another sheet is devoted to a very simple “Reduced Map of the County” ruled off as an index to the larger one. Drawn on so large a scale the detail is obviously considerable and each sheet carries a running title outside the map border giving a summary of its geographical limits. Although the list of “References” is unusually brief, listing only “Churches or Chapels, Gentlemen’s Seats, Turnpike Roads, Open and Enclosed Roads, Water Mills, Lea and Iron Mines, Coal Pits and Allum Works”, the map contains all the other features normally found on a largescale survey, including towns, villages and parishes, farms and cottages, and parks, rivers and bridges, as well as an accurate indication of the coastline to the North Sea. The hills and moors are clearly delineated and the topographical detail is immense.

Apart from the divisions into ridings, each individual wapontake is outline and wash-coloured for easy identification.

With its pristine condition and full-wash colour, a most desirable example of this important survey, Jefferys major contribution to English large-scale map-making.

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Greenwood’s map of Yorkshire

80 GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of the County of York, Made on the Basis of Triangles in the County, determined by Lieu. Col. Wm. Mudge, Royal Arty. F.R.S. and Captn. Tho. Colby, Royal Engrs. in the Trigonometrical Survey of England, by Order of the Board of Ordnance, and Surveyed in the Years 1815, 1816, & 1817, By C. Greenwood, Wakefield.

Christopher Greenwood’s map of his home county, the first in his series of county maps (see item 3). A table at the upper left gives the heights of the principals mountains and hills.

Publication Published by the Proprietors, Robson, Son & Holdsworth Leeds, John Hurst & C. Greenwood, Wakefield, June 4th, 1817.

Description Large engraved map in nine sheets, each sheet mounted on linen, fine original fullwash hand colour.

Dimensions 1830 by 2170mm (72 by 85.5 inches).

References Rodger 522.

£3,000.00

YORKSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Yorkshire

81

THORP, Joshua and MARTIN, S. D. Map of the Country extending ten miles around Leeds. Including Wakefield, Bradford, Dewsbury, Otley, Harewood, Aberford & Castleford, shewing all the Parish and Township Boundaries, &c, from actual admeasurements in the years 1819, 20 & 21 by Joshua Thorp and re-surveyed & corrected to January 1st 1831.

A large-scale map of West Yorkshire, extending from Harewood to Wakefield, and from Bradford to Aberford.

The map shows the proposed line of the Leeds and Bradford Railway, opened in 1846, and the Parliamentary Line of the Leeds and Selby Railway, the first mainline railway in Yorkshire, started in 1830 and opened in 1834.

The publisher, John Baines, was a stationer and possibly the younger brother of Edward Baines, politician and proprietor of the Leeds Mercury newspaper.

Publication Leeds, John Baines & Company, 1831.

Description Large engraved map, dissected and mounted on linen, fine contemporary outline colour, edged in green silk, housed in original brown morocco slipcase, defective to spine.

Dimensions 1173 by 1235mm (46.25 by 48.5 inches).

References Rodger 527.

ÂŁ2,000.00

YORKSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

Bacon’s map of Yorkshire

82

BACON, G.W. & Co Bacon’s Excelsior Map of Yorkshire and parts of adjoining counties showing railways, roads, elevations and distances. Also local government divisions.

A large and detailed map of Yorkshire.

George Washington Bacon (1830-1922) was an American publisher working in Britain. His first business failed and he declared bankruptcy in 1867, but reopened on the Strand in 1870 and built his house into one of the most successful in London. In 1893 it was doing well enough to acquire the stock of James Wyld.

Publication Manchester, G.W. Bacon & Co., [c1905].

Description Chromolithograph map, mounted on linen, folding into purple cloth, title tooled in gilt.

Dimensions 920 by 1200mm (36.25 by 47.25 inches).

£160.00

YORKSHIRE

ENGLISH COUNTIES

One of the rarest maps of Wales

83

BOWEN, Emanuel A New and Accurate Map of South Wales Containing the the Counties of Pembroke, Carmarthen, Cardigan, Glamorgan, Brecknock, and Radnor... by Eman. Bowen.

Publication London, Printed for Carington Bowles, in St. Paul’s Church Yard, and Robert Sayer No. 53 Fleet Street, [c.1766].

Description Engraved map on six sheets, original hand colour, trimmed to image, all sheets backed on japan paper, later half calf over red buckram boards.

Dimensions (if joined) 1130 by 1580mm (44.5 by 62.25 inches).

References Roger 562.

£6,000.00

WALES

Whilst almost every English county was the subject of a large-scale survey in the eighteenth century, this did not apply to Wales, many counties relying on this map of South Wales and Evans’ survey of North Wales to provide the detail missing from the maps to be found in the county atlases of the period.

Emanuel Bowen’s map of the six counties of South Wales is detailed, informative and decorative - a splendid example of the mapmaker’s art. There are two large cartouches, one giving the title, the other dedicating the map to the Prince of Wales, whilst there are topographical views of Carmarthen, Brecon, Haverfordwest, Tenby and Swansea. A note on the “Explanation” refers to the “Table of Principal Roads” on the bottom of the map which lists over 150 different routes in computed and measured miles. Although this is usually indicated on the map itself, the author tells us that in this instance, he considers it provides greater clarity if the information is put on a single table.

Emanuel Bowen was a prolific engraver and map publisher during the first half of the eighteenth century, and was appointed engraver of maps to George II of England and Louis XV of France. He produced several county atlases, in some of which he was assisted by his son Thomas. Despite this commercial success, ill-health and impecuniosity dogged both father and son, the latter dying in the Clerkenwell Workhouse.

The present example is the second edition of the map, which was first published in 1729. Both editions are extremely scare. Roger lists only five institutional examples, and we are able to trace another example appearing at auction in the last 40 years.

WELSH COUNTIES

Evans’ map of North Wales

84 EVANS, John To Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn Bart.

LLD, Member Of Parliament, Lord Lieutenant And Custos Rotulorum Of The Counties Of Denbigh And Merioneth, Colonel Of The Antient British Fencible Cavalry, Steward Of The Hundreds Of Bromfield And Yal And Vice President Of The Welsh Charity School This Map Of The Six Counties Of North-Wales Is Most Humbly Inscribed By His Obedient Humble Servant John Evans.

Publication Lwynygoes, 1795.

Description Folio (by) large-scale engraved map, on nine sheets, fine contemporary hand-colour, original full-calf, title lettered in gilt to spine.

Dimensions 1560 by 1770mm (61.5 by 69.75 inches).

Scale 3/4 inch to one statute mile.

The small population of the area combined with the mountainous terrain predetermined the type of map that would result from Evans’ suprvey, a task that must have proved enormous over such difficult ground. The thoroughness of this survey is indicated by the way he continues the detail on the east of the map, into Cheshire and Shropshire.

It is interesting that the engraver of the map, Robert Baugh, adopted a similar approach for the only other large-scale survey he was involved in - that of Shropshire.

The whole of the lower left hand sheet of the map is taken up with a large view of Vale Crucis Abbey and the dedication to Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, Lord Lieutenant of Denbigh and Merioneth, who purchased 100 copies himself. Sir Watkin inherited extensive lands in Wales and added to them by marrying Lady Henrietta Clive, daughter of the Earl of Powis. His estate was so large that he was known as the ‘Prince in Wales’.

With hills and mountains dominating the map, Evans gives little attention to the usual large-scale detail, but the number of towns and villages shown is remarkable. It is possible that the sheets were published separately, as the Flintshire and Denbighshire sheet dated 1794, but the Caernarvonshire sheet is dated May 1st 1795.

The largest map to appear prior to the publication of the Ordnance Survey, it is, surprisingly, Evans’ only major cartographical contribution: a highly competent survey that deservedly received recognition from the Society of Arts.

References Roger 559.

£4,500.00

WALES

WELSH COUNTIES

The Greenwoods’ map of Wales

85

GREENWOOD, Christopher and GREENWOOD, John

The Greenwood brothers’ map of Wales, from their series of large-scale county maps (see item 3). There is a vignette of Llandaff Cathedral below the title.

Map Of The South East Circuit of the Principality of Wales Comprising the Counties of Glamorgan, Brecon & Radnor, From an Actual Survey made in the Years 1826 & 1827 Publication London, Christopher & John Greenwood, 1827.

Description Engraved map in fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in green morocco pull-off slipcase Dimensions 1448 by 1234mm (57 by 48.5 inches).

£1,800.00

WALES

SCOTTISH COUNTIES

Ainslie’s rare map of Angus

86 AINSLIE, John Map of the County of Forfar or Shire of Angus From an Actual Survey by John Ainslie Landsurveyor & Engraver No.8 Hanover Street Edinr. To the Nobility and Gentry of the County of Forfar. This Map is most humbly inscribed by their most obedient Servt. John Ainslie.

Publication Edinburgh & London, Published as the Act directs, Sold by Mr Ainslie, No.11 Rose Street Newton, & Mr Faden Geographer to the King Corner of St. Martins Lane, August 20th, 1794.

Description Hand-coloured engraved map, on four sheets joined and mounted on linen, some minor areas of loss to margins skilfully repaired in facsimile.

Dimensions 1180 by 1040mm (46.5 by 41 inches).

Scale: One inch to one statute mile.

John Ainslie (1745-1828) was, without doubt, the outstanding Scottish cartographer of his generation, producing a vast range of town plans, estate surveys and county and national maps and charts in a very prolific career. He is best remembered for his nine-sheet map of Scotland and his travelling map of Scotland, however, he also surveyed numerous Scottish counties including Selkirk, Fife and Kinross, and Wigton. In 1812, he produced a comprehensive treatise on land surveying based on his practical experience.

The present map of Forfar was drawn and engraved by Ainslie, upon a scale of one inch to one mile. To the upper left of the map is a table giving details of the distances of the principal towns in the county, the number of inhabitants in each parish, and an advertisement for his other large-scale maps. The map itself is superbly detailed and shows borough towns, parish towns, seats and noted houses, farms and cottages, open roads, inclosed roads, rivers, burns, hills, woods, and turnpike roads. Below the map is a short text giving information upon a proposed canal from Arbroath (Aberbrothock) to Forfar. The surveying was undertaken by Robert Whitworth in 1788, who estimated the cost of the canal to be £17,778. The survey was review but Robert Stevenson in 1818, and eventually rejected in 1825 in favour of the construction of a railway line.

Rare; we are only able to trace three institutional examples: the National Library of Scotland, Glasgow University, and the National Library of Spain.

References Rodger 611. Copy held at NLS EMS.s.356.

£4,500.00

ANGUS

SCOTTISH COUNTIES

Dedicated to a mummy enthusiast

87

FORREST, Will[ia]m The County of Lanark from Actual Survey by Will[ia]m Forrest Publication Edinburgh, W. Forrest, 1818.

Description Large engraved map, fine original full-wash colour, dissected and mounted on linen, in two sections, housed in original green morocco slipcase, spine in compartments and lettered in gilt.

Dimensions 1780 by 1280mm (70 by 50.5 inches).

References Rodger 663. Copy held at NLS EMS.s.33.

A map of the historic county of Lanarkshire, now absorbed into Strathclyde.

Forrest shows historical detail including Roman and Danish (Viking) camps, and the Antonine Wall. The Antonine Wall was initiated by Emperor Antoninus Pius in 142, as an attempt to extend the boundaries of the Roman territories in Britain beyond the land claimed by Hadrian’s Wall in 122.

The map is dedicated to Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton and 7th Duke of Brandon. Hamilton was the British Ambassador to Russia, and a Whig politician. He was Lord Lieutenant of Lanarkshire from 1802 until his death. Hamilton was a great art collector and antiquarian; a supporter of Napoleon Bonaparte, he commissioned the famous painting of the Emperor in his study by Jacques-Louis David. He was interested in mummies, and was mummified after his death by the Egyptian expert Thomas Pettigrew.

ÂŁ2,500.00

STRATHCLYDE

SCOTTISH COUNTIES

The first map of Roxburghshire

88

STOBIE, Matthew A Map of Roxburghshire or Tiviotdale By Matthew Stobie Land Surveyor; Engraved by John Bayly. To the Nobility & Gentry of the County of Roxburgh. This Map, Survey’d by their Order, is most humbly inscribed by Matthew Stobie.

Publication [London, Published as the Act Directs, May 30th, 1770].

Description Large-scale engraved map, fine original full-wash colour, on four sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, folding into marbled paper slipcase, bookplate.

Dimensions 1070 by 960mm (42.25 by 37.75 inches).

The map provides information on market towns, towns, hamlets, houses, farms, and cottages, mills, county boundaries, parish boundaries, roads, locks, Roman causeways, hills, and camps. To the upper left of the map is an elaborate title cartouche with a cornucopia, sheep and cows. A text box to the lower right provides information on the history of the county.

Matthew Stobie (fl.1758-1807) was an Edinburgh based land-surveyor, active during the second half of the eighteenth century. John Bayly (fl.1755-1783) was Somerset born engraver, who worked in London in the second half of the eighteenth century. He is known to have produced maps for John and Thomas Bowles, James Cook, and his Moyston John Armstrong.

Provenance Bookplate of Sir John James Scott Douglas (1792-1836), 3rd Baronet of Springwood Park. The family seat lay just to the south of Kelso, and is clearly marked on the map, underlined in a contemporary hand, with the family name ‘Douglas’ added in manuscript.

Scale One inch to one statute mile.

References NLS EMS.s.34; Rodger 707.

£6,000.00

ROXBURGHSHIRE

SCOTTISH COUNTIES

The Ordnance Survey

89

MUDGE, Lieutenant Colonel (later Major General) William; COLBY, Major Thomas; BAKER, Benjamin and others [Ordnance Survey of England and Wales].

Publication [London, J. Gardner, 129 Regent Street, 1844].

Description 90 hand-coloured engraved maps at the Ordnance Survey Office, each dissected and mounted on linen, with numbered vellum tabs, all housed within 15 original dark blue morocco pull-off slipcase, gilt.

Dimensions Each sheet approximately 680 by 980mm (26.75 by 38.5 inches).

References Richard Oliver, ‘A Short History of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain’, The Charles Close Society.

£25,000.00

THE ORDNANCE SURVEY

The traditional foundation date for the Ordnance Survey is 21 June 1791, when Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond and then Master-General of the Ordnance, authorised the purchase, with state funds, of a giant theodolite for £373.70. The roots of the project, however, go even further back, to the 1747-55 military survey of Scotland, the first major land survey carried out by the state. One of its surveyors, William Roy, proposed an official survey of Great Britain upon a scale of one inch or one and a quarter inches to the mile, but the plan was dismissed because of the expense. However, Roy was involved in the conception of the Ordnance Survey, when in 1783 the Royal Societies of Paris and London agreed to connect their two great cities by the use of triangulation and so settle the dispute of their relative positions. The English team, headed by Roy, measured a five mile baseline on Hounslow Heath, the start and end of the line of which are commemorated by two upturned cannons. The triangulation, which was completed by 1790, together with the outbreak of war with France in 1793, acted as a catalyst for the surveying of England. Lieutenant Colonel Edward Williams was chosen to direct the works, ably assisted by William Mudge, and Isaac Dolby. They began their work in Kent and by the end of the Napoleonic Wars, in 1815, the majority of southern England had been mapped.

In 1820 Captain Thomas Colby (1784-1852) was put in charge of the survey. It soon became apparent that much of the early surveying work was of insufficient standard. As a result, he ordered the revising of much of the existing survey work, which would take the next 13 years to complete. By 1844, publication of the Old Series, one inch to one mile, was complete for the whole of Britain south of Preston and Hull - the present example. The survey now became mired in what would become known as the ‘Battle of the Scales’. The origin of the debate was borne from the fact that the survey of Ireland, began in the 1820s, was upon a much larger scale of six inches to the mile. Many suggested the scale be adopted for northern Britain and Scotland, however, when the larger scale was taken up the progress was painfully slow, and by 1851 only Lancashire and Wigtownshire had been surveyed.

This led to a House of Commons Select Committee to suggest the abandonment of the scale; a suggestion that the parsimonious Treasury readily accepted. Even so, this did not settle the matter and the debate would rage on for some years to come.

The present set is the first issue of the first series published before the survey became mired in the ‘Battle of the Scales’.

Battersea Park

90

Plan of Battersea Park.

Publication London, Day & Son Lithographers to the Queen, 1861.

Description Lithographed plan dissected and mounted on linen, folding into contemporary brown cloth boards with handwritten title label, marbled paper to the inner cover and folded end section.

Dimensions 734 by 1200mm (29 by 47.25 inches).

Scale One inch to 100 feet.

An attractive large-scale plan of Battersea Park oriented with north to the lower edge and showing gardens, drives and the lake.

The park was opened by Queen Victoria in 1858. Prior to 1846, the area was known as Battersea Fields and it was a popular spot for duelling: the Duke of Wellington fought a famous duel there in 1829 against the Earl of Winchilsea, who had written a letter accusing Wellington of trying to undermine the British constitution by passing the Catholic Relief Act, which relaxed Britain’s anti-Catholic laws. It was laid out by Sir James Pennethorne and James Gibson between 1846 and 1864, and soon became home to football and cricket games.

Scarce; we are only able to trace one institutional copy, at the National Archives in Kew.

ÂŁ1,500.00

BATTERSEA PARK

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

Late Georgian Birmingham

91

PIGGOTT-SMITH, John Birmingham Engraved from a Minute Trigonometrical Survey Made in the Years 1825 & 1825 Publication Birmingham, Beilby, Knott & Beilby, 25 March 1828.

Description Large engraved plan in 48 sections, laid on linen, folding into calf slipcase, red morocco spine with label lettering Dimensions 1360 by 1270mm (53.5 by 50 inches).

ÂŁ2,000.00

BIRMINGHAM

John Pigott-Smith (1798-1861) was the Borough Surveyor for Birmingham Borough Council. He trained as a land surveyor and valuer, and produced several parish surveys after starting his own business. He was elected as the Borough Surveyor and oversaw the transition of the city streets from cobbles to macadam. His advice on the process was even solicited by the municipality of Paris, after one too many riots where cobbles were used as missiles. Pigott-Smith was appointed Surveyor to the Commissioners of the Birmingham Improvement Acts and then Borough Surveyor in 1851, holding the office until his retirement in 1857.

The map shows the city and surrounding area in detail, with a Grecian border. The inset map at the upper left corner is an earlier plan made in 1791. It is dedicated to William Legge, 4th Earl of Dartmouth. The Earl took an interest in science, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1822, and was also a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

Plan of the City of Chichester

92

FULLER, Edward Plan of the City of Chichester, Taken in the Year 1820 By Edward Fuller Surveyor, Chichester.

Publication Chichester, 1820.

Description Engraved map.

A plan of Chichester. Houses are coloured in yellow, open land in brown, and notable buildings in grey. There is a numbered key to the notable buildings at the lower left.

The town is dominated by Chichester Cathedral, built in 1189, but also shows the newly built Market House (9), constructed after the existing marketplace, underneath the medieval covered market cross (3), became too small. The “Lancastrian School” later became Chichester High School for Boys.

The map was based on a survey by Edward Fuller, a surveyor based in Chichester.

Dimensions 805 by 650mm (31.75 by 25.5 inches).

References David Butler, The Town Plans of Chichester 1595-1898 (West Sussex County Council, 1972).

£850.00

CHICHESTER

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

Cadle’s Map of Gloucester

93 CADLE, C. and J. Cadle’s Map of the City of Gloucester Corrected to its Extended Boundary 1877.

Publication 1877.

Description Engraved map on six sheets (each 630 x 386 mm), dissected and laid on linen, contemporary marbled end-papers, housed in modern calf slip case, lavishly gilt.

Dimensions 1260 by 1144mm (49.5 by 45 inches).

Scale Approx. 80 yards to one inch.

£1,000.00

GLOUCESTER

The Cadles’ map of the city of Gloucester shows the urban landscape of the city in the industrial age. It is drawn on a scale large enough to show most of the houses, as well as the industry that contributed to its importance as a major inland port.

The Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company was formed in 1860 and a works was established in the same year. By the time this map was made, it was a major producer of rolling stock, exporting to India, Argentina and Tsarist Russia. The militia barracks were home to the 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot, which became the Gloucestershire Regiment in 1881 when it merged with the 61st (South Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot. The river Severn dominates the western side of the city whilst the Berkeley Canal runs into the Old Dock and the Victoria Dock. The engine shed of the Western and Midland Railway is marked.

The map shows the evidence of the city’s Romano-British origins: the Eastgate, Northgate and Westgate mark the ancient entrances to the city and provide the last remains of the Roman Wall and fortifications.

The map is “signed” by C. and J. Cadle, who were land agents and surveyors in Gloucester.

The map is not in the British Library.

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

Rocque’s large plan of Kew Gardens

94 ROCQUE, John Plan of The House, Gardens, Park & Hermitage of Their Majesties at Richmond; and of their R.H. the Prince of Wales & the Princes Royal at Kew. Publication London, John Rocque, [c.1740].

Description Engraved plan on two sheets, joined.

Dimensions 570 by 905mm (22.5 by 35.75 inches).

£2,500.00

KEW GARDENS

Rocque’s large and detailed plan of the Royal Residence at Kew, now Kew Gardens.

There has been a garden at Kew since at least the early seventeenth century. George II and his wife Queen Caroline began to developed a garden at their summer residence, Richmond Lodge, when George was still Prince of Wales. After they came to the throne in 1727 their eldest son Frederick, who until then had been living in Hanover, bought Kew House and began to lease lands to establish an estate that ran parallel to his parents’ grounds. These two estates are the basis of Kew today and are the reason why Kew is still known as the “Gardens”. Prince Frederick set about transforming his garden to include a large lake, follies, and groves of rare and unusual trees. Frederick died in 1751 and his widow Princess Augusta decided to carry on his ideas. She founded a botanical garden in 1759 on nine acres of land with advice from her gardener William Aiton, her botanical adviser Lord Bute, and architect Sir William Chambers. Aiton was appointed the first director of the gardens.

This example is the second state of the plan, with the imprint of John Bowles erased, showing the full layout of the grounds. Buildings, formal gardens, and parkland are depicted in great detail. Below is the coats–of-arms of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and a key listing 72 places highlighted on the plan. Above is a short history of Richmond Palace, together with 12 elevations, and ground plans of the most notable buildings. The engraving of Kew was Rocque’s first estate plan, the medium in which he would make his name.

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

A chapel on a former whaler

95

BENNISON, Jonathan Map of the town and port of Liverpool, with their environs, including Seacomb, Woodside, Birkenhead, Tranmere, &c. from an actual survey, by Jonathan Bennison, Liverpool, 1835.

Publication Liverpool, Jonathan Bennison, September, 1835.

Description Engraved plan, with fine original colour, on six sheets joined, dissected and mounted on linen, housed in original red brown morocco pull-off slipcase, lavishly gilt.

Dimensions 1310 by 1800mm (51.5 by 70.75 inches).

Scale Eight inches to one statute mile.

References BL Cartographic Items Maps 37.b.49.

A rare large-scale plan of Liverpool and the surrounding country.

The plan is oriented with east at the top, and extends north to south from Litherland to Garston, and west to east from Birkenhead to Much Woolton (now Woolton). The key to the lower right of the plan lists Anglican churches and schools, Jewish and Catholic institutions. The nineteenth century saw a rise in dissenting and nonconformist churches, that rejected the authority or doctrine of the Church of England, and the key shows the diversity of these splinter groups: it includes Unitarians, Baptists, Independents, New Jerusalem, Methodists, and Sandemanians.

Of particular interest is the “Floating Chapel”: a nonconformist chapel on board a former whaling ship, the William, which was moored in the King’s Dock until 1850. There was a second floating church belonging to the Church of England in George’s Dock, which is also marked on the map, on the former frigate HMS Tees. The chaplain at the time was William Scoresby, a former Arctic explorer and whaler, although he had always been pious - he refused to hunt whales on a Sunday.

The key goes on to list public buildings, institutions and charities, places of public amusement, and news rooms and libraries. Also marked upon the plan are the boundaries of parishes, towns, parliamentary constituencies; soundings are marked in the Mersey. All areas of undeveloped land within the perimeter of the town are marked with the owners name.

£3,000.00

LIVERPOOL

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

A surveyor and a fraudster

96

GAGE, Michael Alexander This Trigonometrical Plan of the Town and Port of Liverpool including the Environs of Kirkdale, Everton, Low Hill & Toxteth Park from Actual Survey is By Permission Most Respectfully Dedicated to the Worshipful Mayor and Common Council by Their Most obedient and obliged Humble Servant Michael Alexander Gage.

Publication Liverpool, M. A. Gage, March 1st, 1836.

Description Engraved plan, fine original full-wash colour, on four sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, housed in original red morocco pull-off slipcase, lettered in gilt.

Dimensions 1010 by 1690mm (39.75 by 66.5 inches).

Scale 20 inches to 1 statute mile.

£3,000.00

LANCASHIRE

An outstanding example of the finest nineteenth century plan of Liverpool.

“The principle of this plan is to exhibit from actual admeasurement all the Roads, Streets, Lanes, Alleys, and Passages, comprised within its boundary; also ever House, Warehouse, Outbuilding, Garden, Court &c. The Docks, Basins, Quays, Ferries, and Landing Places are described on their respective sites; the Churches, Chapels, and Public Buildings including the Banks, Hotels, and Principal Inns, are shaded in Black, and each of them properly designated on the spot. The lengths of the Street, are given in yards, and, where their respective sides are unequal the extant is expressed by a line taken in the centre of each.

The survey is completed with the utmost practicable accuracy up to the 1st day of October 1835, and it is confidently expressed that every House &c. existing within the limits thereof at the date, will be found faithfully delineated thereon.

Should however any minute errors have unavoidably escaped notice, they will be most assuredly be so extremely insignificant as not to affect the character of the work for its general accuracy and great utility”.

So proud was Gage about his new plan that he described it, not without justification, as “the most perfect map”.

Michael Alexander Gage was a civil engineer and land surveyor working in Liverpool at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Apart from the present work, Gage is best remembered as one of the Liverpool-based Freemasons who, unsuccessfully, led a rebellion against the Grand Lodge in London at the beginning of the 1820s.

He would later campaign against the Corporation of Liverpool’s decision to pipe water into the city from Rivington Pike reservoirs, arguing that there was sufficient water within the city. He was later jailed for doctoring a petition to Parliament showing a great deal of Liverpool rate payers were against the scheme. He would subsequently find himself in debtor’s prison.

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

Greenwood’s majestic plan of London

97

GREENWOOD, Christopher Map of London, from an actual Survey Comprehending the Various Improvements to 1840.

Humbly Dedicated to Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria.

By the Proprietors E. Ruff & co.

Hind Court, Fleet Street.

Publication London, E. Ruff & co. Hind Court, Fleet Street, 1840.

Description Large engraved map on six sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, fine original full-wash hand-colour, edged in purple silk, blue marbled endpapers to verso, housed in blue morocco slipcase, gilt.

Dimensions 1290 by 1880mm (50.75 by 74 inches).

Scale Eight inches to one statute mile.

References Howgego 309 state (3b).

£16,000.00

LONDON

Christopher and John Greenwood state in the title that the plan was made from an “Actual Survey”, which had taken three years. Plans at the time were often copied from older surveys, or re-issued with minor updating; so conducting a new survey was indeed something to boast about. The plan, which was finely engraved

by James and Josiah Neele, is stylistically similar to the Ordnance Survey maps of the time, although it was engraved on a much larger scale of eight inches to the mile, compared to the OS one inch to the mile. It includes detailed depictions of streets, houses, public buildings, parks, squares, woods, plantations, rivers, hills, and windmills.

The boundaries of the City of London, Westminster, and Southwark are delineated. Also marked are the Rules of the King’s Bench and Fleet Prisons, two former prisons in Southwark and Clerkenwell. Prisoners could buy the right to live within the Rules, a designated area around the prison, rather than in the prison itself. The Liberty of the Clink, despite its name, has nothing to do with prisons. It is a name given to a manor (an area of land) opposite the city of London which was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Winchester rather than the High Sheriff of Surrey. There was a prison in the manor, known as the Clink, supposedly in imitation of the sound of manacles. As the area was not under the jurisdiction of the City of London or Surrey, it permitted activities forbidden in the areas around it. It housed several theatres, and was well known for its brothels - the Bishop of Winchester was granted the right to licence prostitutes and brothels there in 1161.

The present example is the fifth state of the plan, according to Howgego: the date in imprint is changed to 1840, and the plan is dedicated to Queen Victoria.

The revisions made to the map include several new railways: the London and Birmingham; Eastern Counties; Croydon; and London and Southampton. The map bears the imprint of E. Ruff and Co., a company who, among other things, mounted, varnished and placed on rollers, many of the maps produced by the Greenwoods. It is unclear when Edward Ruff acquired the Greenwoods’ plates, but it is possible that the plates acted as part payment for debts owed to Ruff.

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

The most important nineteenth-century plan of the city of Oxford 98

HOGGAR, Robert Syer To the Chancellor, Master and Scholars of the University and the Mayor, Aldermen, & Citizens of the city of Oxford, This Plan from Actual Survey is most respectfully inscribed by Robert Syer Hoggar, Assoc. Inst. C.E. 1850 Publication Oxford, 1850.

Description Engraved map on four sheets, dissected and mounted on linen, edged in blue silk, folding into blue cloth.

Dimensions 1565 by 1220mm (61.5 by 48 inches).

£3,500.00

OXFORD

The most important nineteenth-century plan of the city of Oxford, forming a link between the earlier surveys carried out by Isaac Taylor in 1751 (later revised by William Faden in 1789) and Richard Davis in 1797 (engraved by John Cary and forming part of Davis’s survey of Oxfordshire), and the large-scale maps and plans of the Ordnance Survey which surveyed Oxfordshire in 1876. These plans, together with their smaller-scale successors that appeared in countless ‘Oxford Guide-Books’, provided the definitive basis for most of the plans, street maps and tourist guides that proliferated throughout the nineteenth century.

It includes the new working-class suburbs of St. Ebbs, St. Thomas’s and Jericho. St Ebbs and St Thomas’s were blighted by the building of the gasworks in 1818 following the passing of an Act in that year which allowed for the manufacture of “inflammable air” for heating. For over a century the area suffered from the acrid smell of the gasworks plus the intermittent flooding of the houses, which doubtless contributed to the disease and pestilence so rife in the area. A complete contrast to this and possibly the most interesting part of Hoggar’s survey, was the beginning of the development of North Oxford, the area running from St. Giles Church to Marston Road, Frenchay Road and the Norham Gardens Estate (most of which was owned by St. John’s College). It was rapidly developed from 1850 to 1910.

It is interesting to note that Woodstock Road and Banbury Road are designated respectively as St. Giles Road West and St. Giles Road East, whilst the area beyond Park End Street is completely undeveloped but indicates an area earmarked for a “Proposed Station”.

The decoration is limited to a fine calligraphic title-piece enhanced by a “Representation and an Explanation of Levels”, which explains how the viewer can find the difference in level between any two points on the map. The map shows colleges, halls and houses, bridges, rivers and parks, chapels, churches and burial grounds, hospitals and institutions, the Radcliffe Observatory and the Botanical Gardens. Large-scale city plans of this period were separately published in small numbers and thus have a low survival rate - it is unusual to find one in such fine original condition.

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

The borough of Wigan

99

WALL, Thomas Map Shewing Proposed Extension of the Parliamentary Borough of Wigan Publication Wigan, Thomas Wall and Sons Ltd, 1884.

Description Printed map with original colour and manuscript additions, with pamphlet in original green cover with gilt lettering and blind stamping Dimensions 605 by 740mm (23.75 by 29.25 inches).

£400.00

WIGAN

A map of the borough of Wigan, now part of Greater Manchester. The townships of the borough are outlined in green, and marked with their name and population. The name and population of Standish has been added by hand, and the figure for the total population of Wigan has been amended accordingly. The accompanying pamphlet contains extracts from the local press concerning the effects of the Redistribution of Seats Act on Wigan.

The Representation of the People Bill was introduced to the House of Commons by William Gladstone in 1884. The Bill aimed to extend the franchise by making the voting qualifications for the country electorate the same as in urban areas. Although it was passed by the Liberal-dominated Commons, it was opposed by the Conservative-dominated Lords. Lord Salisbury, the Conservative leader, was concerned that the increase in rural voters would have disastrous consequences for his party. The Lords’ rejection of the Bill provoked outrage both in the Commons and amongst the electorate, and resulted in the Arlington Street Compact between the Conservatives and Liberals. Salisbury allowed the Bill to pass with the proviso that it should do so in conjunction with a bill to redistribute parliamentary seats, as the 1885 Redistribution of Seats Act. This meant both that the majority of twomember constituencies were reduced and that some boroughs were disenfranchised altogether and absorbed by others.

The map and pamphlet were produced to protest the removal of one of Wigan’s two Members of Parliament. Under the terms of the Act, existing boroughs with a population between 15,000 and 50,000 had the number of members they sent to Parliament reduced from two to one. The pamphlet argues that when the 1881 census was taken, on which the Act depended, some 2,000 of the inhabitants were away seeking work during a mining strike; if they had been there, the population would have been over 50,000 and thus the two members would have been retained.

Other extracts cite the importance of Wigan to the surrounding country, and the fact that the boundaries used to determine the population did not take into account the communities which were locally regarded as being part of the town. Several imply that the perceived ill-treatment of the borough is motivated by its Conservative tendencies under a Liberal government; others that newer boroughs are being helped at their expense. The map shows the area which in their opinion should be considered the true boundaries of the borough, and that the population of this area would be well above the minimum requirement for a two-member constituency.

The map and pamphlet were produced by Thomas Wall, a printer in Wigan who also published the Wigan Observer, a tri-weekly newspaper which appears in the pamphlet.

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

Rare eighteenth century plan of Eton

100 PINE, John after COLLIER, William A Plan of the Town and Castle of Windsor and Little-Park, Town and College of Eton. To the most Noble Charles, Duke of Marlborough, Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter, &c. &c. &c. This Plan of the Town and Castle of Windsor and Little-Park, Town and College of Eton Is most humbly Inscrib’d,

by Hi Graces Dutiful Obedient Humb.le Serv.t W. Collier.

Publication Eton, Publish’d according to Act of Parliament by W. Collier at Eton 1742, by whom Lands are Survey’d and Maps drawn of the same in ye. best and cheapest manner. Sold by J. Pine Engraver in Old Bond Street & T. Bakewell Printseller in Fleet Street, 1742.

Description Etching with engraving.

Dimensions 500 by 590mm (19.75 by 23.25 inches).

The first state of a rare and charming map of Windsor showing Eton College.

Although neglected by the early Hanoverian monarchs, Windsor Castle had become a popular tourist attraction by the early 1740s, thanks both to the castle’s collection of curiosities and the care taken of Windsor Great Park by the Duke of Cumberland. There is an inset at the upper left corner showing the east prospect of the castle, before George III began a programme of renovation when he came to the throne. The inset at the upper right shows the garden designed by Henry Wise during the reign of Anne, the last Stuart monarch. A note on the map itself explains that the design was never executed, but that plans have been made to do so. The key to the right shows the principal architectural features of the school and the castle.

The engraver, John Pine (1690-1756) was an important figure in eighteenth century British art. He was a friend and collaborator of Willam Hogarth; he engraved John Rocque’s monumental map of London; and, with Hogarth and George Virtue, he managed to secure early legislation for artists’ copyrights. The map is dedicated to Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; the cartouche is decorated with his arms. Marlborough was educated at Eton, and had recently distinguished himself in the War of the Austrian Succession.

There are five institutional copies held in Eton College Library, the British Library, Princeton University Library, Museo Naval de Madrid, and in the Royal Collection.

References Eugene Burden, Printed Maps of Berkshire, Part II: Town Plans (Ascot: private publication, 1988), pp.33-34; Jane Roberts, Royal Landscape: Gardens and Parks of Windsor (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997), p.145 and p.521.

Copies held at BL Maps K.Top.7.39.b and RCIN 701011.

£10,000.00

WINDSOR

TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANS

Bibliography

Chubb, Thomas. A descriptive catalogue of the printed maps of Gloucestershire, 1577-1911. Reprint.

(Bristol: J.W. Arrowsmith, 1913).

Chubb, Thomas. A descriptive list of the printed maps of Somersetshire, 1575-1914. (Taunton: Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society, 1914).

Cowling, Geoffrey. A descriptive list of the printed maps of Shropshire 1577-1900. (Shrewsbury: Salop County Council, 1959).

Kingsley, David. Printed maps of Sussex 1575-1900. Sussex Record Society Vol.72. (Lewes: Sussex Record Society, 1982).

Rodger, Elizabeth. The Large Scale County Maps of the British Isles 1596-1850: A Union List. Second edition. (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1972).

Scott, Valerie and McLaughlin, Eve. County Maps and Histories: Buckinghamshire. (London: Quiller Press, 1984).

Whitaker, Harold. A descriptive list of the printed maps of Lancashire, 1577-1900. (Manchester: Chetham Society, 1938).

Worms, Laurence and BayntonWilliams, Ashley. British map engravers.

(London: Rare Book Society, 2011).