Issuu

Daniah Al Mounajim Selected Works 2018 - 2023

Decolonise! Democratise! Decarbonise! 09.2022 - 06.2023 ADS3 (Ben Clement and Sebastian de la Cour) / Royal College of Art Decolonise! Democratise! Decarbonise! is a research-based design project that aims to understand, analyze and critic carbon offsetting policies that have been pushing for the commodification of nature in the past decade. It utilizes the medium of a tabletop board game to create fictitious scenarios of real world spatial elements associated with the offsetting and commoning policies that affect human and non-human communities. In its development, the project asks: How can a tabletop game facilitate conversations that evoke empathy and inspire democratic processes of land development that move away from ideas of greenwashing and encroachment? and What does a space of collaborative land use amongst humans and non-humans look like? The proposed game follows five main stakeholders and creates various scenarios for their collaboration and competition, creating a space for unlikely conversations to take place. In doing so, it results in various proposals that aim to: Decolonise current agricultural practices and the relationship of both policy and government to local inhabitants. Democratise the process of land right development through the development of these new fictitious spaces of consultation. And Decarbonise the surrounding atmosphere to achieve a carbon sequestrated environment.

Top: Image from final exam presentation on the 05.06.2023.

List of policies studied and analysed in this projec

ct.

Stills from a research film exploring the use of media and public advertisements in the commodification of nature. Link: https://vimeo.com/782603885?share=copy

The Cwm Cothi Valley Since late 2021, Cwrt-y-Cadno, a village in Carmarthenshire, Wales, has been under threat of being destroyed by the carbon offset market. It is one of many pieces being used to plant commercial, non-native conifers over existing hillsides in order to sell carbon credits for profit. Thus, farmers in the area are finding themselves priced out of good quality sheep grazing and agricultural land as many can not compete with the new prices. Similarly, natural animal habitats are being subjected to changing landscapes in favour for more profitable plantations.

Stills from a research film creared on PremierePro exploring the opposing sites of the Cwm Cothi Valley and the Foresight offices at the Shard.

Stills from a research film created using UE5 exploring the various meetings held between the local community and Foresight.

Stills from a research film creating using PremierePro exploring the various emails uncovered. This is a collection of emails that I have sent, as well as hundreds of emails sent by the local community (including a lawyer from the area) to the Welsh parliament, public investors and Foresight.

Failed Communication The main space of conflict here is Frongôch. Through interviews conducted and email correspondence with community members and academics, three main reasons of opposition to carbon offsetting developments were investigated: the first focusing on the importance of Welsh heritage and land being preserved, the second focusing on the importance of food sustenance and the livelihoods of farmers in Wales, and the final looking at preserving biodiversity and avoiding monocultural habitats.

Link: https://vimeo.com/837649441?share=copy

Link: https://vimeo.com/782603885?share=copy

Link: https://vimeo.com/837653851?share=copy

Link: https://vimeo.com/837651098?share=copy

Unpacking Complexitiex Through Play This game aims to mimic the land and carbon trading laws in its rules and challenges the limits of these policies in its play, aiming to unpack the complexity of land rights in the UK and explore alternatives to the normative land ownership policies. It introduces five main characters, based on site and policy research: the Corporate Officer, the Farmer, the Sheep, the Pine Marten and the Squirrel. The game begins after all characters are given their allocated money and placed in their starting positions. Following this, players go around in clock-wise movement around the site as players are able to buy, sell and forest land (using money developed for the game), where they are able to chose from either conifer or broadleaf trees for their lands. Rules that control the human players (corporate officer and farmer) are determined by the anthropocentric policies that are highlighted in legal documents and policies. On the other hand, rules that govern the non-humans (the sheep, squirrel and pine marten) are extracted from news articles and journals that explore non-human actions, as well as writings by Morizor, Latour, and Marcuso. The spatial phenomena explored here is thus that of the forest versus the plantation. What makes a forest that suits all stakeholders in this fictional site? Giving control to the “players” has allowed the exploration of the symbiotic relationship between the human and non-human in a rural setting.

Board game cards used. 1. Character cards depicting the 5 characters in the game (the Corporate, the Farmer, the Sheep, the Pine Marten, and the Squirrel). 2. Currency used in the game. 3. Risk Cards that bring in aspects of the current beaureacratic policies into play. 4. Lobby cards, that bring in protest and opposition laws into play. 5. Commoning cards that bring in the newly designing commoning laws into play to come to a holistic win end to the game.

Above: Exploration of different settings in which the game is played (Unreal Engine and Blender) Below: Stills from film in which the game is played and tested.

Link: https://vimeo.com/792229285?share=copy

Projection mapping is used in the final presentation of the game, b development.

bringing in a collection of animations and videos that link the fictituous nature of the game to the reality of the policies and the site

Link: https://vimeo.com/838215829?share=copy

Allt Frongôch Through the interviews conducted, 2 sites of further exploration have been identified. The first site being explored is Frongôch. This site lies within the drawn boundaries of the new plantation. It is also adjacent to the Cwrt-y-cadno Chapel, where the first meeting was held between the local community and multinational corporations. Animations are then created imagining the convergence of various characters at this site.

Stills from animation, developed using Unreal Engine 5 and Blender 3.4. Link: https://vimeo.com/837973668?share=copy

Site on table-top game.

Allt yr Hebog The second site explored is that of Hebog Hill. This land, while outside the drawn borders, has been deemed unfit for grazing. Its proximity to existing woodland however make it ideal for a reforesting of the entire site with both conifer and broadleaf species.

Stills from animation, developed using Speed Tree, Unreal Engine 5 and Blender 3.4. Link: https://vimeo.com/837925972?share=copy

Site on table-top game.

A Proposal for Commoning As the game is played by various stakeholders, a more ideal plan for the valley is presented where the site is shared by all characters, based on agricultural patterns of the farmers, the goals of the corporate officers, and the daily and yearly scavenging and hibernation patterns of the sheep, pine martens and squirrels. This design proposal begins to explore the potential results of this game, building on observed subjective play between stakeholders and residents with a direct connection to the site, and players that are disconnected from it and thus more objective. Through this medium of exploration, various people with opposing agendas can begin to experiment with their site and spatial surroundings in a fictional space.

Existing plan for the site, submitted by Foresight, and uncovered through the archive of emails found.

Proposed plan for the site, imagined as a commoning solution to the current plan, based on the play of various stakeholders of the game.

Thesis Project - Royal College of Art Exhibition 02.2022 - 06.2022

5295 4180 5295 4180

1800 1800 projector, requested on 20.06, not projector, confirmed requested on

2015 2015

plan plan

plan

plan 32” screen

projector, mounted on frame

32” screen

projector, mounted on frame

32 inch screen AV supplied by student. 12/13 sockets, to power: 1. 2x 32” screen 4. 1x cctv camera 2. 5x 8” crt 5. 1x computer 3. media players AV4xsupplied by student. 12/13 sockets, to power:

elevation

1. 2x 32” screen 2. 5x 8” crt 3. 4x media players

elevation

section

4. 1x cctv camera 5. 1x computer

1. projector, requested on 32 inch screen 20.06, not confirmed 1. media projector, 2. player requested on 20.06, not confirmed 2. media player

1. projector, mounted on frame 2. media player 1. projector, mounted on frame 2. media player

AV supplied by student 12/13 sockets, to power: 2x 32” screen 5x 8” crt AVmedia supplied by student [all contained within the 4x players 12/13 1x cctvsockets, camerato power: frame, so 2 extension 2x 32” screen cables needed coming 1x computer 5x 8” crt from the wall] [all contained within the 4x media players frame, so 2 extension 1x cctv camera cables needed coming 1x computer from the wall]

20.06, not would sit confirmed 690 on top of wall would sit 690 on top of wall

I was placed in charge of AV development and design in my architectural design unit’s 2023 summer exhibition. This rewarding experience gave me an insight in exhibition management and curation, as well as physical modelling experience.

Cultivating Growth 02.2022 - 06.2022 ADS5 (Groupwork Architects) / Royal College of Art The main obstacles to Jordan’s economy are scarce water supplies, reliance on oil imports for energy, and regional instability. Just over 10% of its land is arable, and the water supply is limited. Rainfall is low and highly variable, and much of Jordan’s groundwater is not renewable. Moreover, the sudden increase in the country’s population by 7% during the Syrian refugee crisis and poor planning have further strained what little resources are available in the country. These challenges have led to an overall unemployment rate of 18.5% in the Kingdom. And a GDP of 3,000 GBP per person. In addition to this, over 100 archaeological sites exist in Jordan, most of which are completely forgotten ruins of cities. These towns were once thriving agriculturally in Byzantine and Umayyad times and are now left to waste, with governments hoping to turn them into large tourist spaces. This project aims to realise how to best use these sites following doughnut economy principles to increase GDP and decrease unemployment while also attaining ecological stability through establishing an agriculture and tourism-focused masterplan. The Doughnut is a visual framework for sustainable development. The main goal of the new model is to re-frame economic problems and set new goals. How can we transition from an economy that is degenerative and divisive by default to one that is regenerative and distributive by design? This project will explore how design is critical to our ability to make this transformation happen. The chosen site is Umm el Jimal, north of Jordan. Located in Mafraq governorate, it is an ancient town filled with ruins. Historically, and from a touristic advantage, site has been inhabited since 60 AD by various civilisations. It was first inhabited by the Nabateans who built monumental stone structures and took advantage of rainwater runoff from Jabal Druze to develop their agriculture. Following this, it was inhabited by the Roman period, where various of the original stone structures were recycled into new buildings, mainly houses, stables, and churches were built. This era also saw the realisation of a water harvesting system which brings in water from the Jabal Druze using underground canals. It was then inhabited by the Byzantine and Umayyad empires, before being destroyed in an earthquake in 749.

UMM QAIS

JERASH PELLA

DEIR ALLA

AMMAN

UMM EL JIMAL

QASR AL HABAT AZRAQ

IRAQ AL AMIR UMM AL RASAS HESBAN QASR AMRA

DEAD SEA

KHARRARNEH MOUNT NEBO MACHAERUS KARAK

DANA RESERVE

SHOBAK

PETRA

AQABA

WADI RUM

The map highlights the advertised tourist spots in black, and those with unrealised potential in white. Those sites have various undiscovered Roman, Byzantine or Umayyad ruins and farmland/wetland surrounding them for agritourism livelihood development.

Syrian Border

Umm el Jimal

Zaatari Refugee Camp

Following 1100 years of being deserted, the site was re-occupied by Druze fleeing settlement conflicts. During that period, virtually every building was reused or reconstructed, making the site habitable for the Druze. The Druze abandoned the town around 1935 when the fixing of the modern border between Jordan and Syria cut off their access to the Jebel Druze in the north. Some Druze families returned north to the mountain, while others scattered stayed within Jordan (moving to Amman).

Water Needed

The site currently has 150 remains of structures (houses, churches, and gates) from Umayyad, Nabatean, Byzantine and Roman eras.

Housing

Tourism

Agriculture

Reta

Programme

In order to achieve sustainable develo proposed to reintroduce programmes of the site to reintegrate both local populat the market. With this, housing and res follow.

Images of the Current Umm el Jimal Site

Agriculture is developed through a “gree (below) that follows the introduction of p acacia (right) in order to allow for maximu water requirements. Following this, it system of water and energy generati environmental resources. Thus, the proj grid, where it will supply itself with its ow source. This began with revitalising the incorporating PV panels for energy co scale. This water limit then helps in of the village, and the number of peo accomodate (above).

Due to the rural majority population in Mafraq, the majority of the workforce in the past worked in the agricultural sector, which provided many job opportunities for the citizens of the area. Poor planning and water instability has forced vast fruit and vegetable farms (which are very water intensive) to stop producing. As a result, through conversations with locals, it is found that most men enlist in the army, while most women tend to work as teachers or stay-at-home mothers. Moreover, due to its proximity to the Syrian border, the site is also close to the Zaatari Camp, the largest Syrian refugee camp in Jordan, which is currently operating under inhumane and oppressive systems of control.

Top Left: Zaatari Syrian Refugee Camp, 10 minutes away from Umm el Jimal Top Middle: Local Produce Being Sold on Streetsids. Top Bottom: Current Workforce of Most Residents of Umm el Jimal.

Precedent: Greening of the Desert Project , which suc rev

ail

Water Limit

Archeology

Restaurants

Above: Water Collection Methods utilised in Masterplan. 1. Revitalisation of Water System. 2. Rainwater harvesting. 3. Use of Atmospheric Water Generators, which research has shown are effective in the climate of Jordan.

opment in this village, it is f agriculutre and tourism into tions and those in refuge into search programmes will also

ening of the desert” process palm trees, citrus trees, and um production with minimum t is important to develop a ion that does not exhause ject will aim to be largely offwn water source and electrical e ancient water system and ollection on the masterplan developing the programme ople and businesses it can

ccessfully utilised permaculture methods to vitalise barren lands in the South of Jordan.

Diagram illustrating the project’s proposal to incorporate various water collection techniques, and various plants to revutalise the agricultural economy of the village.

Weaving In Various Programmes Agriculture Fertilizing the Soil

Plant the Dates

Watering

Dethroning and Trimming

Fruit

The planted soil needs to be cleaned and fertilizers should be added through planting Acacia trees and shrubs. Application of fertilizers such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous is also important. This is done through the aforementioned trees, which will allow consistent availability of the nutrients as the plants grow older.

Following preparation of the soil, the square planting method is followed for commercial dates farming. Planting both male and female off-shoots is very important for providing sufficient pollen-grains as the dates are dioecious fruits.

Sufficient watering is very important for successful dates farming business in the first two years prior to harvesting. This is done through drip irrigation using the canal systems.

Two years following the planting of the dates, farmers can begin thinning date branches and fronds to allow for space for the fuits to grow.

As fruits become ready t harvest in the fall, eac tree begins to produce 8 t 15kgs of dates.

Pits are thus dug at a spacing of 7 x 7 metres.

By-Products

Preparing the Soil

Adding Citrus Trees

Prior to the planting of date palm trees in the ground, the soil needs to be dug up by farmers and fertilizers added to ensure a successful growth.

With the addition of other species, the soil becomes appropriate for planting other sources of fruits, such as citrus fruits. These harvest in the spring and summer seasons, allowing for yearround income generation on Umm el Jimal farms.

Date Products

Fruit

Overhang Date Arak

Date Jams

Date Vinegar/ Woven Baskets

Water Canals

Harvesting

Revitilazation of the site will first begin with the reconstruction and opening of the water canals that transport water from the South of Syria to the site.

Date Syrups

Packaging

Date Insulation Date Chocolates

Citrus Products

Fruit

Date Furniture

Citrus Juices

Jams Sweets

Date Sweets

to ch to

Archeology

Construction

Researchers Arrive

Begin Excavations

Enhance Knowlegde of Site

Researchers arrive on site in the first year, and begin their requirements for housing and other functions.

Excavations begin on ruined sites in the South of the site, whcih are the most intact.

Holding talks and exhibitions of their findings to the local and tourist visitors.

Collecting Materials

Reinforcing Walls

Restaurants and Cafes As researchers, archeologists, and farmers (and their families) begin to occupy the ancient site, the requirement for public spaces, restaurants, cafes, and bars grows.

Building Research Centres

Developing Houses and Flats

/Oil

Retail

Developing Workshops and Markets

Retail is one of the fastest growing sectors in Jordan, with a growth rate of 7.1% per year. In this scheme, 100 businessed will require 346 workers, with a revenue of 1,874,560 GBP/year.

Tourism Enhancing Transport

Creating New Tourist Experiences

Developing Public Spaces

Following the development of a connection to Amman, Maan, Zarqa, Irbid and Mafraq (large city centres), new visitors are encouraged to visit the site on day trips and overnight stays. Their viists include: Guided Educational Site Tours Tourist Excavations Date Harvesting Stone Carving Visiting Museums

Solar Energy Grid

This industry will require 63 workers to install and ensure maintenance on the solar energy grid overhangs. This will include cleaning for dust twice a year and electrical checks. Thus, the turnover from this aspect is 14,324 GBP per year. They are needed on an area of 700 sq.m throughout the site, and connect to batteries to help insure the homes have enough electricity throughout the days and nights in all seasons.

Developing Tourist Features

Masterplan

HOUSING RESTAURANTS AND CAFES HARVEST AND GROCERIES RUINS OTHER RESEARCH/CONTROL UNITS

12 Year Project Development Plan 2022-2024

2024-2026

2026-2028

Agriculture:

Investment/Cost: 66,300 GBP (one-time investment)

Investment/Cost: 66,300 GBP

Return/Profit: 0

Return/Profit: 1,908,900 GBP

Tourism:

Investment/Cost: 286,200 GBP

Investment/Cost: 572,400 GBP

Return/Profit: 540,000 GBP

Return/Profit: 1,080,000 GBP

Area Scheduele Typology

Economic Impacts

Number

Total Area

Capacity

Agriculture

Retail

People Employed: 1027 Housing Turnover: 6,956,000 GBP 1 Bed 25 50 2 Bed 50 5000 150 3 Bed 25 125 4 Bed 10 Archeology 50

People Employed: 326

Market Spaces Restaurants 15 Handicraft 25 Groceries 10 Harvest 5 Other 2 Training 1

People Employed: 26

People Employed: 403

Turnover: 4,051 GBP

Turnover: 18,524,155 GBP

Restaurants and Cafes

Solar Energy

People Employed: 525

People Employed: 57

Turnover: 6,000,375 GBP

Turnover: 14,324 GBP

Water

Tourism

People Employed: 36

People Employed: 85

2525 2805 1365 355 445 870

Research/Control Archaeology Agriculture Energy Quarries Weaving

1 5 1 3 3

9000 1000 1000 1000 1250

Tourism Ruins Visitors Museum

16 1 1

Turnover: 1,874,560 GBP

Construction

Turnover: 1,620,000 GBP

21475 3250 4000

Thus, this masterplan would lead to the employment of 2,485 people (from local and refugee populations), and a turnover of 34,993,465 GBP, leading to an increase of the GDP of this village and a reduction of its unemployment level.

7,908

8,350

inhabitants reside in Umm el Jimal

3,415.60 GBP

5,880.04 GBP

is the nominal GDP per person

50.0%

20%

of the area’s residents are unemployed

2028-2030

2030-2032

2032-2034

Agriculture:

Investment/Cost: 66,300 GBP

Investment/Cost: 0 GBP

Return/Profit: 3,970,800 GBP

Return/Profit: 5,960,700

Return/Profit: 6,956,000 GBP

Tourism:

Investment/Cost: 758,600 GBP

Return/Profit: 1,620,000 GBP

North Block

Current Site Conditions

This block was chosen for further research due to its unexplored potential and vast areas of free space and ruins to allow for a design that incorporates ruins and new construction methods. In its past, it included 17 houses, 2 churches, 2 stables and market spaces along long walkways.

Housing Block

Majlis

Markets

Retail

In developing this space for modern use, studies were completed looking at the historic urban block of arab and islamic architecture, with long roads that are surrounded by market spaces and street seating cafes and lounges that lead into smaller courtyards and narrower roads of housing. Retail

Palm Wood Workshop

Roof Plan of Proposal

Restaurant Ticket Office

Houses

Gallery and Research Centre

Markets

Food Hall

Ground Floor Plan of Proposal B

The Hybrid Eco-Port Shredder and Pelletiser Marine Waste

02.2020 - 06.2020

Plastic is collected from the North Sea using large vessels

It is then shredded here into small pieces that are further turned into dry pellets.

Liquefier

Year 4 Unit 1A (Alistair Russell) / The University of Nottingham

Following the development of overseas travel privileges, the once-thriving seaside towns of the UK began to feel more and more isolated and unsupported by socio-political, environmental and economic development. This project studies the development of a new mixed-use masterplan and architecture in Thanet that looks at the effect the changes that the changing economy and environment have on coastal communities, studying ways to utilise these crises to create a new circular economy in the town. Research into the district also helped understand the dire environmental issues brought about by marine litter in the oceans and seas. Sources of marine litter include unprocessed waste from sewage treatment plants, items washed down from rivers and fishing equipment abandoned by boats, and mainly plastics. These wastes require years to degrade, and while recycling is enough for some of them, some are still sent to landfills where they are incinerated. Plastic, one of the most abundant marine waste forms, takes more than 400 years to degrade, so most of it still exists in some form. New methods and philosophies should thus be applied to find a way to utilise the wasted plastic, in the form of environmental remediation, in order to reintroduce it into our systems in a more sustainable and valuable way. Thus, arising from research into the district and the programme interest thus emerges one main aim, where mechanical and industrial port processes are rethought and interpreted with a goal of decreasing marine pollution and the production of energy in parallel with amusement park activities; taking an eccentric approach to the design of an eco-landscape park and energy facilities. This aim is to revive the local economy in the district of Thanet through the development of the energy and tourism industries.The architectural thesis line of enquiry looks to establish a new industrial facility that integrates municipal and civic spaces, where the public forum is enveloped by the spectacle of mechanized processes. The aim is to reestablish the cultural ties between pyrolysis and closed loop pyrolysis recycling processes and the people of Ramsgate, creating a new “Fun Palace” in this town, inspired by the work of Cedric Price, that raises awareness, increase job potentials and finds a new future for lost spaces.

Travellers Map of the Proposed Scheme

Cold plasma catalys are added to melt the plastic at low temperatures.

Power Generation Catalysts

Condenser

Excess energy is sold to local manufacturers.

Bio oil Carbon Char

Bio-Diesel Provided to vehicles at port.

Pyrolysis Reactor Plasma fluidised-bed reactor with mechanical stirrer is then used.

Wax

Heavy B-Oil

Bio-Gasoline

sts

Heat Oil and Gas Vapour

Sold to local providers.

Hydrocarbon Gas

Diagrams illustrating the Cold Plasma Co-Pyrolysis energy production process in the proposal

Diffused Light

Enters the Public Labs

Diff

Heat Produced in the Power plant heats up surrounding areas

Big courtyard allows for more daylighting opportunities.

Environmental Strategies

Summer Strategies

1 Gutters used for rainwater collection.

Canals are added to the port and around the building in order to mitigate the heat island effect on site.

2 Green roof used for rainwater harvesting, mitigation of heat island effect, insulation and stormwater containment.

Night ventilation during the summer

Natural ventilation is applied to the building in the warmer months, reducing the cooling demand of the spaces.

3 Low energy LED lighting and efficient lighting controls are used for the evenings. 4 The open floor plan of the building provides excellent daylighting to the different floors and atria. 5 PV Panels are used to generate electricity throughout the year. 6 Office facilities in the Ferry terminal building are placed near the north of the building to reduce glare issues during the day.

10 Double skinned curtain walls are used on the to provide shade and glare protection against the low summer sun and to minimise overheating. Winter Strategies

11 The envelope is constructed following PassiveHaus air tightness specifications to minimise heat losses. U-values are as presented in the LETI Climate Emergency Design Guide, published in 2019, which closely follows Passive House design guidelines. This leads to a decrease in the total external conduction gains of the building, particularly in the external walls and roof. High thermal mass, which helps regulate heating loads. 12 Windows are positioned on the South facing façade in an attempt to provide as much solar gain as possible when heating is required. 13 Water-sourced heat pump uses the surrounding canals for an MVHR with Heat Recovery system that can be utilised during the colder months of October to March.

PROPOSAL

North facing glazing creates more soft light in the space.

3 4

ffused Light

Enters the

pen Public

Section cut-through the research, process, transport and public spaces.

Pyrolysis Reactor

Food Hall

Mothopong Creche - Project Ithuta Designed: 11.2017 - 01.2018, Built: 04.2018 Design+Build Studio / The University of Nottingham This design and build project focused on developing a design for a small creche in the rural village of Thlabine in Limpopo, South Africa. A quick look at the current educational atmosphere of the students and teachers at the creche made it very clear that there required a more creative and inspiring educational space. Following the department’s choice of a new site a mere 5 minutes walk away from the original site, it was easy to accommodate the clients into this new space. This project was fully funded for through money raised by the students and staff taking part in the project, where over 90% of the funds raised are spent in the local area of the project, focusing on local construction stores and convenience stores in the nearby villages. Due to the limited funds available for the project, the design was developed with PassivHaus design techniques in order to ensure comfortable operation conditions. It was also designed following a study of the UN sustainable development goals, ensuring it will be beneficial for the community in the long and short runs. For its conception, I strategically studied the construction methods used on and around the site, particularly that of Rammed Earth and Timber, both of which are very abundant on-site. Due to the challenge and opportunity of being able to build the project in one month once its design is completed, the structure and materiality also had to keep in mind ease of construction. Methods such as those developed by Walter Stahel, which allow for a Do-It-Yourself timber building, were followed. Following the design of this project, the studio unit travelled to South Africa to build one of the proposals using a timber post and beam structure, as presented below.

Project Construction, April 2018

Studies were completed on local and innovative construction techniques that can inform decisions for the construction of the creche. Following the study of the clay brick walls and the staw bale walls, I studies the content of concrete required to create a strong foundation for the building.

I then investigated various soils and studies their clay, gravel and water content (where the clay content should be 25%, measured using a ruled) using the jar test method. Following this, I chose the soil needed and added construction sand and cement to create the final rammed earth mixture.

e s e e o

e d

Mothopong Creche - Perspective Plan

Mothopong Creche - Perspective Section A

The Circularity Lifecycle Metric 08.2018 - 01.2019 MEng Dissertation / The University of Nottingham Between resource scarcity and climate threats of GHG emissions, there is no way our current economic model can continue. A circular economy has thus been introduced as an alternative in which resources are kept in use for as long as possible, with the maximum value extracted from them whilst in use and regenerated at the end of their life. This can help build long-term resilience and provide environmental benefits, reducing emissions. This dissertation studies the phases of the building development cycle, from design to end-of-life. As the concept of circularity is still blooming, it might seem difficult for professionals to apply it. Thus, it must be ensured that there is a straightforward way to measure it as an initial step, presenting a way that can allow to track progress and inform decision-making. Few metrics to measure circularity already exist; however they tend to focus on smaller products . This research will thus be utilised to form a metric, focusing on the case of external wall types of office buildings. Therefore, the main aim becomes: The development of a circularity metric based on environmental and CE principles in the BE. This is divided into: 1. Understanding the CE; its origins and definitions, 2. Analysing the existing metrics of circularity, 3. Determining the principles of circularity in the BE, 4. Analysing the whole life carbon analysis, 5. Determining the indicators needed in a circularity metric for the BE, 6. Weighting these different indicators, 7. Validation of the metric using scenario based analysis and case studies, 8. Verification of the metric validation. This exploratory study helped add value to the topic of circularity in buildings through using literature review and existing assessment metrics to inform the design of a circularity metric specifically made for the BE (CLM), aimed directly at professionals in the BE sector, providing a validated spreadsheet to help inform their decision making. This can be found using the link below Link: www.CLMetric.wixsite.com/2019 Password: dissertation

Phase 1: Design and Construction Analyse the importance of each indicator here by referring to literature review and interviews with professionals Design and Construction Circularity = DC = αA + βRCin + γRUin + δDfD + εDfAD A= a ratio of the amount of ideal embodied carbon emissions compared to those in a linear economy, RCin= the fraction of material used that originated from a recycled source, RUin = the fraction of material used that originated from a reused source, DfD = the design for disassembly indicator, DfAD= the design for adaptability indicator. where the variables of α, β, γ, δ, and ε needs to be determined. This is done by analysing circularity research.

Phase 2: Use Analyse the importance of each indicator here by referring to literature review and interviews with professionals In Use Phase Circularity = U = ζB + ηL B = a ratio of the amount of ideal operational carbon emissions compared to those in a linear economy, L = the lifespan of the building when compared to that of a linear economy. where the coefficients of ζ and η need to be determined.

Phase 3: End-of-Life/Recovery Analyse the importance of each indicator here by referring to literature review and interviews with professionals EOL Phase Circularity = θC + λ RCout + μRUout C = a ratio of the amount of EOL carbon emissions compared to those in a linear economy, RCout= the fraction of material used that are recycled at the EoL RUout = the fraction of material used that are reused at the EoL. where the coefficients of θ, λ and μ need to be determined. This is done by analysing circularity research.

EOL = 0.310C + 0.357D + 0.333E

CLM Development (Version 1) To achieve a fully CE in construction, it is necessary to integrate the three different lifecycles of the building discussed. Weighting analysis is used to determine the value of each phase with regards to circularity, carbon emissions, and existing metrics. Circularity Lifecycle Metric = CLM 1 = ρDC + σU + τEOL CLM 1 = 0.466DC + 0.278U + 0.256EOL CLM 1.1 = 0.12A + 0.09RCin + 0.17RUin + 0.05DfD + 0.05DfAD + 0.19B + 0.08L + 0.08C + 0.06RCout + 0.11RUout

CLM Development (Version 2) Sensitivity analysis and benchmark studies are used to verify and reconfigure the metric CLM 1.2 = 0.15A + 0.10RCin + 0.15RUin + 0.08DfD + 0.07DfAD + 0.10L + 0.10C + 0.1RCout + 0.15RUout

Archive of Extinctions 07.2018 Summer Studio / The Bartlett School of Architecture This project examines the future of the Holocene (sixth) extinction. In this future, monotonous tasks no longer exist, where people live in an environment of endless leisure. Here, past activities and landscaped environments are forgotten around the globe. Inspired by studies of the Anthropocene, it looks at developing a method to save and protect living organisms that have become extinct as well as preserve memories, activities and traditions that no longer take place due to the ever-changing modern world. This is done through the use of an archive, which swallows anything that ceases to exist.

An Archive of Extinctions A new park has just broken ground in the city. This new park, dubbed an Archive Landscape, is located on the forgotten site of Central Park in Manhattan. For several years, since the crisis of 2072, most parks has been overlooked and neglected. However, as people recently began to venture outside again and rediscover their inert cities, demand was re-established for the creation of new public spaces. Here, people would come for a stroll or a run while investigating their cities’ past. They would come to reminisce about a past that they had wished to see and discuss one that will never exist again. This park would act as a facilitator for these conversations, allowing people the chance to truly experience the past and reflect on their present practices. Here, visitors could experience the first events of the living world and witness prehistoric species and evolutions that have long been extinct. An array of archived boxes would be dug and dotted around the park, ensuring all visitors would have the opportunity to experience a wide range of spaces and stories. These spaces have people a new sense of relief and freedom; they were not bound by any of the laws of physics. They required no exhaust of materials or funding, constraining the possibilities of the spaces only by the limits of imagination.

Manaus, Brasil

Piraeus, Greece

A little girl visits the park with her grandmother, they travel across the landscape, experiencing one ecosystem after another, and visiting extinct civilisations. They go back to their home in one of the many mundane looking towers of their condensed urban realm and begin to imagine a new environment for them to live and thrive in. As word of the park spread, it began to develop and emerge across multiple cities in the world. People would flock to these parks to experience their own cities histories and experience. Events such as a “A Hike in the 1920s” would soon emerge, allowing people to reflect on the changing landscapes around them. Two irreconcilable differences arise when discussing the Anthropocene: while some see it as basis of our eventual demise, others have begun to see the opportunity in the crisis. New York City, USA

Work Experience 09.2023 - 11.2023 ArchTalk

This was an exciting project in which I was contracted to develop a series of animated films and moving image pieces for a masterplan development in the Middle East. The images above present a series of snapshot images taken from my final film, to be used for client and marketting purposes. This project is now in construction, to be completed by the end of this year.

Work Experience 09.2023 - 12.2023

VIVIENDA 0E

Independent Client

PLANOS DE VENTA TERRAZA 5,47 m2

DA 0E

TERRAZA 4,86 m 2

8 0,4

0,22

VESTÍBULO 2,26 m 2

8 0,9

0,83

6 0,1 0 0,9

8 1,3

4 0,6

DISTRIB. 2,26 m 2

5 0,7

BAÑO 4,84 m 2

-3,31

BAÑO 4,34 m2

BAÑO 4,36 m 2

TRASTERO 7,31 m2

4 0,6

0,78

0,13

1,21

0,9

0,1 0 9 , 0

1,02 1,00

2,30

1,60

3,25

6 0,1

0,11

7,81

8 0,4

0,21

6 0,1

PLANTA SÓTANO.

1 2,1 ,54 1

PLANOS DE VENTA

9 0,0 5 1,0 7 0,2

5 0,5

0 0,9 -3,31

5 2,2 1 0,2

TERRAZA 5,47 m2

TERRAZA 5,94 m2

SALÓN-COCINA-DORM 40,26 m 2 L

TERRAZA 7,99 m 2

8 1,3

2,26

-3,31

1,21

6 0,1

2,06

0,13

0,78

0,06

2,76

1,21

5 0,9 R

3,10

1,02

0,11

7,81

0,21

PLANTA SÓTANO.

PLANTA BAJA. CALLE DE LA LUNA

5 0,4 6 1,0

2 1,6

7 4,9 9 2,7

7 6,6 0 1,5

6 1,1

5 2,8

4 0,3

2 0,5

-7,20 2 0,4

3,10

1,58 0,20

1,23

0,15

0,83

2,10

0 2,09 1,9

2,16

0,11

2,53

R 0,95

2,74

2,06

1 1,1

1,20 0,07

2,26

2 0,3

2,76

0,06

6,71 0,07

0,15

0,20

6,71

1,60

R 0,95

2,74

1,00

2 0,4

2,16

0,83

2,10

0 2,09 1,9

1,23

2,53

3 0,8 8 0,9

3,25

4 0,3

8 0,4

1,58 0,11

6 0,1 0 0,9

-7,20

2,30

6 1,1

0 1,5

2 0,5

1 1,1

1,20 0,07

4 0,6

2,26

2 0,3

0 0,9

TRASTERO 7,31 m2

0,22

BAÑO 4,84 m 2 BAÑO 4,36 m 2

BAÑO 4,34 m2

5 2,8

4 0,4

DISTRIB. 2,26 m 2

VESTÍBULO 2,26 m 2

SALÓN-COCINA-DORM 32,00 m 2

0,83

BAÑO 4,39 m2

SALÓN-COCINA-DORM 33,65 m2 0E

0,13

5 2,2

5 0,7

SALÓN-COCINA-DORM 35,74 m 2

TERRAZA 9,49 m 2

BAÑO 4,04 m 2

5 0,7

1 1,8

9 2,7

SALÓN-COCINA-DORM. 48,67 m 2

7 6,6

-3,31

0B 0C

TERRAZA 6,00 m 2

7 2,8

L LE

9 0,2

6 3,8

TERRAZA 4,86 m 2

3 0,8

7 4,9

0,78

6 1,0

VIVIENDA 0E

1,60

5 0,4 2 1,6

0 0,9

2,26

0,07

SALÓN-COCINA-DORM 32,00 m 2

BAÑO 4,04 m 2

7 2,8

TRASTERO 7,31 m2

BAÑO 4,39 m2

3 0,8

SALÓN-COCINA-DORM 33,65 m2

0 0,9

9 0,2

1 0,2 5 2,2

5 0,7

1 1,8

4 0,4

DISTRIB. 2,26 m 2

VESTÍBULO 2,26 m 2

SALÓN-COCINA-DORM. 48,67 m 2

3 0,8

-3,31

TERRAZA 9,49 m 2

BAÑO 4,39 m2

BAÑO 4,84 m 2

5 2,2

SALÓN-COCINA-DORM 0 40,26 m 0,9 -3,31

SALÓN-COCINA-DORM 35,74 m 2

0D SALÓN-COCINA-DORM. 48,67 m 2 SALÓN-COCINA-DORM 40,26 m 2

6 3,8

BAÑO 4,36 m 2

5 0,5

TERRAZA 6,00 m 2

TERRAZA 7,99 m 2

TERRAZA 5,47 m2

TERRAZA 4,86 m 2

9 0,0

6 3,8

The following project included a short floor plan exploration for a series of flats in Malaga, Spain, utilising tools such as Rhino, AutoCAD, Photoshop, and Indesign to propose a series of flat orientations in the planning stage of the project. This project is due to be built in January of 2024.

1 2,1 0A ,54 1

TERRAZA 5,94 m2

L LE

5 1,0 7 0,2

VENTA

PLANTA BAJA. CALLE DE LA LUNA

0 1,5

6 1,1

5 2,8

2 0,3 4 0,3

2 0,5

1,20 0,07

2 0,4

1,58

1 1,1

0,20

1,23

2,53

0,15

0,83

2,10

0 ,09 2,9 1

2,16

0,11

Work Experience 10.2020 - 03.2021 Axcel Group (Freelance) The images below are a collection of renders developed using 3D Max and Unreal Engine for an exciting new Radisson Red project in South London.

Work Experience 02.2021 - 03.2022 and 06.2022 - 09.2022 Stars Orbit Consultants

This was an exciting work experience wherein I was in charge of the project development and coordination of 6 reconstruction projects in Iraq, and the general Middle East, following UN aid provision for the rehabilitation of churches, mosques, community centres and parks. The images below represent workshops given to local members of the community, discussing rehabilitation efforts, as well as site images reporesenting the work being done.

Work Experience 06.2019 - 08.2019 HKS Architects / Hospitality The images below depict work completed as a part of my Part I internship at HKS. They include photoshopped images of Revit model plans of flats in a resort in AMAALA, a development in Saudi Arabia, as well as renders I have modelled on Rhino and developed on Unreal Engine 4.