ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
4 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
CONTENTS
3XUSRVH RI 5HVHDUFK .LQJV &URVV 5 'HYHORSPHQW
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EXISTING CONDITIONS
3. CARBON COPY PROPOSALS ,QWURGXFWLRQ 0DWHULDO 6WXGLHV 7LPEHU DQG 6WRQH &DUERQ &RSLHV 6WUXFWXUH (PERGLHG &DUERQ DQG &RVW &DUERQ &RS\ 6HOI 6WDQGLQJ 6WRQH DQG &/7 &DUERQ &RS\ 6WRQH 9HQHHU DQG &/7 &DUERQ &RS\ 6WUXFWXUDO 6WRQH 2SHUDWLRQDO &DUERQ
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
%DFNJURXQG 'HVLJQ 6XPPDU\ 'UDZLQJV 0DWHULDO 6WXGLHV %ULFN DQG &RQFUHWH $QDO\VLV 6WUXFWXUH (PERGLHG &DUERQ DQG &RVW 2SHUDWLRQDO &DUERQ
4. FINDINGS &RPSDULVRQV 2YHUDOO 6DYLQJV (PERGLHG &DUERQ $QDO\VLV &RVW $QDO\VLV &DUERQ &RS\ &DUERQ &RS\ &DUERQ &RS\ &RQFOXVLRQV
5. FURTHER APPLICATIONS FOR TYPOLOGIES
6. CATALOGUE OF MATERIAL COMPONENTS
5
6 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
1 INTRODUCTION
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
7
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
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
8
$ PLG ULVH EXLOGLQJ LV D VWUXFWXUH WKDW KDV EHWZHHQ ILYH DQG VWRUH\V DQG LV HTXLSSHG ZLWK D OLIW 0RUH VSHFLILFDOO\ WKH 1DWLRQDO )LUH &KLHIV &RXQFLO FODVVLILHV PHGLXP ULVH EXLOGLQJV DV µVWUXFWXUHV ZKRVH XSSHUPRVW KDELWDEOH IORRU LV OHVV WKDQ P DQG JUHDWHU WKDQ P DERYH JURXQG OHYHO PHDVXUHG IURP WKH ORZHVW VLGH RI WKH EXLOGLQJ¶ 7KLV GHILQLWLRQ LV EDVHG RQ WKH NQRZOHGJH WKDW VWDQGDUG ILUHILJKWLQJ WXUQWDEOHV KDYH QRW KLVWRULFDOO\ EHHQ DEOH WR DFFHVV EXLOGLQJV WKDW DUH PRUH WKDQ P KLJK 0LG XVH EXLOGLQJV RIWHQ RIIHU D PL[ RI UHVLGHQWLDO XVHV DV ZHOO DV FRPPHUFLDO RQHV 7KH\ KDYH YDULRXV HFRQRPLF HQYLURQPHQWDO DQG VRFLDO EHQHILWV VXFK DV EXLOGLQJ DV D VFDOH ZKLFK VXSSRUWV YLEUDQW DQG ZDONDEOH XUEDQ UHDOPV KXJKHU SURSHUW\ YDOXHV DQG PRUH WD[ UHYHQXHV
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
8000000 7000000
EMBODIED CARBON / KGCO2E
6000000 5000000 4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 0 -1000000 -2000000 CARBON COPY 1
CARBON COPY 2
CARBON COPY 3
EXISTING
CARBON COPY 1
CARBON COPY 2
CARBON COPY 3
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
EXISTING
4000000 40000000 3500000 35000000
COST / GBP
3000000 30000000 2500000 25000000 2000000 20000000 1500000 15000000 1000000 10000000 500000 5000000 00
REGULATIONS FOR MID-RISE BUILDINGS $V PLG ULVH EXLOGLQJV WHQG WR ULVH KLJKHU WKDQ PHWUHV %XLOGLQJ 5HJXODWLRQV KDYH VHW DGGLWLRQDO UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU WKH PDWHULDOV DQG IDo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
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
1.0 INTRODUCTION
EXISTING CONDITION
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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¶V &URVV LV LGHQWLILHG DV SDUW RI WKH &HQWUDO $FWLYLWLHV =RQH ZKHUH GHYHORSPHQWV DUH H[SHFWHG WR PD[LPLVH SORW UDWLRV 7KH 3ODQ VHWV PLQLPXP WDUJHWV IRU JURZWK DQG VWDWHV WKDW WKHVH VKRXOG EH ZKHUH SRVVLEOH H[FHHGHG 7KH FRXQFLOV PDLQ REMHFWLYH ZLOO EH WR FUHDWH ILUP OLQNV EHWZHHQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW DQG WKH ORFDO DUHD VR WKDW LW LV D UHOHYDQW DQG SRVLWLYH DGGLWLRQ WR DQG ZHOO LQWHJUDWHG ZLWK WKLV SDUW RI /RQGRQ 7KLV LQWHJUDWLRQ LQFOXGHV 3K\VLFDO FRQQHFWLRQV ă 7KH RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU EHWWHU HDVW ZHVW DQG QRUWK VRXWK PRYHPHQW DFURVV WKH VLWH (FRQRPLF FRQQHFWLRQV ă 1HZ MREV VKRXOG EH ZLGHO\ DYDLODEOH RIIHULQJ PRUH RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU WKRVH ZKR ILQG LW GLIILFXOW WR ZRUN IRU PDQ\ UHDVRQV 6RFLDO OLQNV ă 7KH &RXQFLOV DUH NHHQ WR VHH DQG FUHDWH D EDODQFHG DQG VXFFHVVIXO GHYHORSPHQW WKDW UHFRJQLVHV FXOWXUDO GLYHUVLW\ &RPSOHWLQJ WKH SLFWXUH ă $ ODUJH GHYHORSPHQW OLNH .LQJ¶V &URVV &HQWUDO ZLOO WDNH SODFH LQ VWDJHV (DFK PDMRU SKDVH RI WKH FRPSUHKHQVLYH GHYHORSPHQW VKRXOG FRQWDLQ DQ DSSURSULDWH PL[ RI GLIIHUHQW XVHV LQFOXGLQJ KRXVLQJ :RUNLQJ ZLWK WKH FRPPXQLW\ ă ,Q .LQJ¶V &URVV WKH IRFXV LV RQ FRPPXQLW\ LQYROYHPHQW EHWWHU DFFHVV WR MREV DQG WUDLQLQJ LPSURYLQJ ORFDO SHRSOH¶V TXDOLILFDWLRQV WKURXJK HGXFDWLRQ VDIHU VWUHHWV DQG DQ DWWUDFWLYH HQYLURQPHQW DQG
10
$FKLHYLQJ VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW
ADS 5
39 to 54 7 to 18
27 28
3
102
11
78 a 11
11
12
13
94 a
12
102 a
56 to 154
1 55 to 70 19 to 30
244 204 to 104 to 170
39 40
19
LEGEND
12
188 to 194
8
7
16
186
8
17 9 1
15
28
29.1m
24
9
Junction
Place
7
18 10 2
22
3 11 19
4 12 20
Allensbury
5 13 21
20
158 160
172 174
6 14 22
186 188
200 202
156
64
Copenhagen
BM 30.60m
Tunnel
78
SL
102
28.9m
7
uct Viad
64
Depot Playground Posts
30.9m
15
7 5
20
WB Silo
132 to 137
139 to 153
27
WB
24
16 21
107 109 111
33 to 55
57 to 63
Silo
WB
WB
WB
30.2m Silo
WB
1
26
28 WB
Bingfield Park
38
97
29
26
89 to 111
30.64
Sta
Ancient Woodland Policy EN62
Central London Local Areas Chapter 14
217
Other Public and Private Open Space Policy EN48, Appendix EN3
King’s Cross Opportunity Area Chapter 13
Sub
Adventure Playground
Depot
90
Regent’s Canal Open Space Appendix EN3, RC8
m
El
Hopper
BM
19 24
Y R WA CEDA
65 to 87
WEAVERS WAY
47
Bingfield Park Conveyor
28
Covent Garden
PH
Posts
Tank Conveyor
D ROA
Tunnel
14
8
27
Tank
29.9m Hoppers
Central London Area Chapter 14
Tank
27.4m
Conveyor
30
29.0m
WHARF
2
27.5m
Y
17 to 31
101 99
16
Warehouse
Kings Cross Freight and Freightliner Terminal
ET STRE
1 to 15
105
12
STREET
9
WEAVERS WAY
ROSSENDALE WAY
31.6m
3
Posts
R WA CEDA
E
115
Close
CAMLEY
232 to 246
166
ney
(Upper)
29.3m
160 to
BARKER DRIV
Blake
Depot
2
1
112
DW
216 to 230
Boys School
29.28m
106
BM
RC Secondary
SM
200 to 214
184 to 198
PEMBROKE
St William of York
104
Warehouse
Depot
168 to 182
29.1m
TAYPO
RD FO GIF
Warehouse
144 to 158
120 to 142
29.66m
BM
ET RE ST
90
SL 100
80 to 108
Community Centre
13 to 24
19
22
110 a
to
18
14
ry
Y
20
28
DW
to
Warehouse
Facto
200
WA
75
DW
Works
Viadu
41
120
Playing Court SM
L
ct
181
2
FB
El Sub Sta
VA
196
Playground
Young Family Centre
YA RO
LE
13
24
RK
32.6m
46
Beamish Gate
224
47
CAMLEY STREET
6 4
YO
171
St James Gate
masonry
202 to
Walk
Sloping
S Gantry
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
52
Friars Walk
Walk
Walk
Walk
LANE DFIELD
163
NE
Rosebank
Linkwood
Bowmore
1 to 12
Frampton
128
Abbotsbury
SCENT
ank
36
1 to 5
1
1 to 137
Lulworth
Playground
50 81
67
18 20 26
113 to 127
114
City
(London
28
RAND
to
18
49
23
to 63
38
3 to
15
1
33
24 12 6
4
57 59
200
202
1
204
2
210
208
206
5
8
7
101
ET
11
7 142
23.0m
LB
Path
Posts
Depot
9
PH
Kate Greenaway Nursery School
274 to 293
Tiber
St as Pancr Lock
24.2m
21.51
Shelter 5
m
uary Mort
3
20.6m
ET RE ST
Warehouse BM 24.87m
1
Tunnel
Tanks
20.1m
149
16e 15e 16a
1 to 25
1
3
YORK WAY
55 47
18.73m
37
35
17a 19
18.3m
17
41
35
to
13
33
5
gs Bui ldin
ss ag e
Pa
RT U CO
Cla re nc e
LE RS EL
TCBs
10 to 1
Sta nley
43
e 20
Pa ss
11
Sta nl ey
W
(a)
SOMERS TOWN
R
BM
1 to
117 to 113
19
BM 17.16m
13
45
43 37
41 39 35 to 33
CA LE DO NIA N
36 1 to
17 1 to
5
1 3 5
374
372
39
31 3 to
8
12
24
73 133
36
to
1 3
to 132
311
309
307 305
58a 58
295
54
297
59
41
36
47
287
1
31
160
79
106
47
29 161 to
181
69
PH
S
to
8
72
74
68
49
27
47
25
46
15
34
71
23
10
50
to
12
18
4 1 to 14 9 to
21
32
20
28
6
21 48
62
52
69
19
26
56
15
1 to
to
54 65
13 17
66
47
58
39
The references above are for guidance and are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all policies relevant to a particular location. The majority of policies in the UDP apply throughout the whole of the Borough.
Bedefie
Club
5
ST
6
35
19
48 to61
1 to
29
Fleetfield
LB 6 31
11
DW
Tanks
37 26
75 56
81
25
24
49
ARGYLE SQUARE
47
32
37
30 to to
38 to
83 15
1 to
25
91 93
9
E
ET
7
RE
ens
52
5
ST
19
Gard
UAR
und Playgro
re Squa
SQ
le
35
Fleetway
24
AD
1 to
E
Argy
7
HE
GYL
43
13
EN
AR
ET
RK
45
1 to
31
36 37 38
39 7
62
57
Site of Special Scientific Interest Policy EN55, Appendix EN3
BI
41
Riverfleet
24
26
5
15a
72
4
ag
11 15
8 to
40 41 42
to
9
321
20 21
16
1 to 39 55
AD
53
13
30 31
1
34
19
42
1
7 319
14
11
RO
Riverside
ot Dep
51
P
INN
12
29
46
345
337
1
to
to
339 335 333
4 to
9
to
119
291
to
83
297
285
1 to
24
1
12
15
119
to
29
to
283
331
ET RE ST
364
24
7
2
19 to 63
10
62
362
CH
TCB
Posts
1 to
Rail Safeguarding Chapter 17
1 to
22
21
55
281
Metropolitan Open Land Policy EN46, Appendix EN3
356
1 to
277
360
ET RE ST
67
275
10
’S
7
AD HE
’S AD
5
ST
8
C
AY
5
RE
37
79
6
31
8
10
2
15
11 2
5
117
Transport Proposal Site Chapter 17
Willin
GR
4
EN RK
1a
3
BI
ST
E UAR SQ
1 to
1
2
366
2
’S
E GYL AR
105
GYL
Cross age Holy Vicar
to
73
AD
ST
16.2m
E
ET
74
1 to
53
to
1
118
een Ma Qu
ET RE ST
use Ho
LB
yle ool Arg Sch ary
se
RE
120
n Hou
TCB
Prim
ther
ST
CH
Playground
ET RE ST
Nor
16
22
ORO DB
H UG
GE RID TONB
at Gre
18
to
20.7m
se Hou
dra xan Ale ons nsi
E
20
Y
16
on Clift
ST
GYL AR
22
40
32
to 100
118
ET
5
ST PANCRAS PH
20.0m
IELD
1
1
2a
8
19
17 13
26 109 111
40
99
42
King’s Cross Th Stat
TCBs
1
UAR E SQ
1 to
27
24
38
to
he op
l n Hal Tow
PH
AR
se Hou
re yshi Derb
The British Library
19.5m
TF
278
e
Open Space and Nature Conservation
370
1
ES
19
26
1 to 30
26
nd grou Play
ur House Seymo
34
CHWA CHUR
36
ET
38
RE
ac r Pl
5
CR
13
ag
Post
e
1a
1 to
and
7
28
42
ss
s Cros sion ’s Mis King ist hod Met
RE ST
30
44
ST
Pa
T14
3
41
148
146
20
25 1
67
3
7 144
127
65
57 to 63
1
16
4
125
53
5 to
1 to
123
47 to 51
36
121
45
44
26
26a
343
berl l thum Hote
Bank
32
House
46
eir’s W
Land Use Proposal Site Chapter 17
28
42
295
289
376
287
378
380
Nor
VE RO LG BE
19.8m
El Sub Sta
5
30
6
10
2
PO
lwa
und
Bank
34
am
1 to 30
ET
36
RE
ST
Winsh
ET RE ST
60
5
46
113 109
48
38
111 107
2 to 8
105
10
101
20
103
39 to 43
32 8
12
Rai gro
AD RO
N
44
62
N TO
OLT SH
G
ET RE ST
der
ve gro Bel
se
AL
66
46
CH
ER
56
ages
se
ay
rs
54
ON ST EU
TO ULS
Hou
239
to
Cott
EV
ria Victo (PH)
Hou
BM 21.8m 18.2m
Works
ton Eus
Subw
D
ita
1 to
48
ille Nev
30
s Flat
OSS
Lev
56
h
to
e’s Ann
AY
m 17.49 BM
Un
Chambe
58
Edit
12a
12
St
W
LB TCBs
TCBs
y St Pancras
62
18.7m
TCBs
4a
14
1 to
C RI DO
40
21.8m
44 10
18
74
Lion b Lam and (PH)
70
Flat s
Sub
ay
to
72
Sta El
The British Library
House (PH)
17.2m
ROA MIDLAND
64
1
76
Ma ry’s
GP
ROAD NVILLE
13
16.7m
Subw
76 Town
Posts
8
St
15.4m
368
ay Subw
84
ve 43
PENTO
264
266 to 270
15.9m
AD S RO RA NC
se
ro nG do en
78
ent Reg se Hou to 8
(PH)
80
ur Arth
to
Bank 272 to 276
El Sub Sta
ar
ce
82
Prin
ch
PH
280
284 282
16.2m
16.2m
King’s Cross
TCBs
PA
12
k Hou
86
Cl
88
Flats
1
to
39
ur
292 290
294 to 300
304 302
to
88
118
rs Some e Coffe
way
41 to
16.1m
BM 16.59m
King’s Cross Station
way Sub Vent Pipe
TCBs
The British Library
Posts
35
1
OMEGA PLACE
Police Office
(a)
D Fn
Ch
16.5m
288 286
GP
St Pancras Station (Terminus)
1 to 36
St Joseph’s
37
54
22 20
2b
KING’S CROSS
Great Northern Hotel
18.7m Playground
CRESCENT
9 to 16 St Mary’s Ho
Works
278
ST PANCRAS
Sta Sub
Playground
Depot
Cotts
BALFE STREET
24
m
T2
Hot el
(Terminus)
El
90
to
Prim
DRUMMOND Brereton
Battlebridge Basin
32
26
16.85
Nor the rn
1
92
90
57
RC
32
PH
PH
GP
T7 stoc Had
TreatCentr 94
ols’ Scho mente
96
to
ET RE
SOMERS TOWN
’ sius ool Aloy Sch St ary
St Aloysius RC Church
21.5m
CALEDONIA STREET
16.9m
Posts
Gre at
Proposals
24
(Terminus)
16.3m
se Hou 35 lton 1 to Cha
14
ST
Ho ’s 11 Joan1 to
Garage
30
T8
St Pancras Station
Chamberlain House
se Hou rlainto 54 1 mbe Cha
Post
9
BM
98
ery Nurs Day
Maria Fidelis Convent School
Strategic View - Background Consultation Area Policies EN43, 45
17.8
King’s Cross Station
20
100
46
AD RO
4
FB
17.2m
BM
PH
AD
Club
ST PANCRAS
to
27
IX
Strategic View - Wider Setting Consultation Area Policies EN43, 45
PH
53
to
21
OEN
St Aloysius’ Convent
6
RO
(Terminus)
1 to
37
to
12a
se Hou
12
PH
2 FB
ALBION YARD The Depot
EY
Hall
8
1 to
ne’s
20.7m
1 El Sub Sta D1
EN
Car Park
16.2m
Primary Retail Frontage Policy SH7
8
22
7
34
s
RO AD
CH
m
113 114
22
15
5 to
usti Aug
N TO NG
TCBs
CRINAN STREET
34b
21
28
59
AD
Tank
KING’S CROSS
26
D D ROA
ACE
PL
BR
19.95
RO
N CR AS
SL
BM
IX
32
30
SL
Posts 30
MIDLAN
Box
ET RE ST
106 108
OEN
PA
to
Signal
SM
unity e Comm Centr
105 107
27
PH
LB
19.8m
SOMERS TOWN
Oakshott Court
35
to
25 to
3
FB
SM
8
BM
18.7m
TCB
98 100
to
46
St
RI ER W
4 1 to 14 9 to
17
Bollards
38 to 48
1 to
t Cour
97 99
to
22
Tave(PH)
PH
St
16.7 2m
19.4m
The Cock rn
37
Oaks
m 18.78
19.5m
Walker House
90 92
t Cour
hott
PH
BM
8991
36
RAILWAY STREET
36 to 40
SE Warehouse
SL
Strategic View Viewing Corridor Policies EN43, 44
PH
16
Posts
CLO
ne
nix Phoe
88
ET RE
ST
to
to
ings Build
LB
Trough
17.1m
87
N
28
4
Post
13
ss Culro
16.8m
16.5m
ILL
AD RO
37 to 40
LB
LE
84
ET STRE
86 19.2m
IDGE BR
LE
Neighbourhood Shopping and Service Centre Policies SH3, SH9
2
Tunnel
to
Hall
TT BA
IL
74
s La
EV
er
N
SE HE
86
TO
82
60 62 64
48 50 52
82 to 96
90 92
op
17.2m
Ancient Monument Appendix EN2
42 to 50
SM
52
88 86
Co
RC PU
N TO ULS
El Sub Sta
85
7880 77 7981
59 61 63
47 49 51
St Augustine’s House
36 to 2
60
SM
Track
OSS
20.9m
84
83
ras Panc ol St Scho and ary MaryE Prim of C
64
.25
E
Cycle 29
Gatti’s Wharf
38
WHARFDALE ROA
BM 19.65m
MP
N
rt Cou
46
e
1
AD
151
43
St
s aret’ se MargHou
68
LA
to
H
SM
SM
District Shopping and Service Centre Policies SH3, SH6, SH8
32 to 24 to 31
8 to 15
PH
1
Clyd
3
to
40
7
Battlebridge Court
s Hall
1 to
49
SE
Play Area
RO
N
M
16 to 23
1 to
48
Culros
Court
GO
London Canal Museum
S Gantry
RS PE
2
130
LY
S Gantry
O 114
Pontoon
Bollards
S Bridge
CO
17
134
PO
SL
Car Park
19.3m
112
104 102 106 108
47
51
CLO EN
Monica Shaw
26
4
AD
ET
RO
RE
ST
16
16
34
Club
Station
Y
1 to
AS CR
18 19
ET
S ER M SE SO O CL
RE ST
to
se
29
Hou
th You
(disused)
LE
N
N
ex Suss 9 to
ET RE ST
(PH)
Warehouse
110
116
40
M
Road
M
PA
TO
71
53
to
ET RE
Mich
NHA
Centre
70 to 78
32
T EE
ET
18
RE
31
35
ST
Flats ael’s St
9m
21.5
BM
SL
73
3
21.1m
m
Battle Bridge
180
0
17.7m
77
75
5
PD AM
20.4m
21.49
Waterside Inn El Sub Sta
Signal Box
York
CA
to
1m
17
18.4
STR
ST
30
79
PH
BM
AY
BM
N
14
N
41
93 87
85
81
235
1 to33
SW
20.1m
91
89
83
Edith Neville Primary School
s ony’ AnthFlats
St
OD
90
TO G
10
NRY PE
40
NG RI AR
ET
142 144 146 148
E AC
PL
Adventure Playground
1 to45
GO
80
se Hou
IN LD O
S
des
il Rho Cec
G
EW
CH
ns
PL
Warehouse 21.8m
24.3m Bollard
23.2m
Archaeological Priority Area Policy EN41
Ice Wharf
BM 25.00m Towing Path
Major Shopping and Service Centre Policies SH3, SH4, SH5, SH8
201 t 250 to
Albert Wharf
Go to Locator Map
Pond
Sts
Conservation Area Policy EN31 - 37
1
M
42 43 44
RE T ST AT
11 13
17
19 18
S IE EN CH
Sports Centre
21.2m
se Hou
AD RO
Y
45 46
The Doreen Bazell Hall
SM
37
ET RE ST
IT
53 54
The Chenies
Towing Path
Canal KING’S CROSS Regent’s Canal
Pond
Natural Park
5 9
South Camden
Canal Regent’s Canal
22.5m 22.9m
Pond
20.8m
BM 20.80m
18.4m
1 7
Community School
cis’ Fran
Transfer
Station
BU
ED
Grand Union
Grand Union
g Path al Towin Can on al Uni nd s Can Gra ent’ Reg
Y Waste
M
rd Bolla
UN
61 63 62 64 65
7
8
Path
Playground
RN
6
LE M
St Pancras Church Old
RE
ST
Maiden Lane Bridge
24.5m
El Sub Sta
24.6m 25.2m
Post
19
ET
13
9
Towing Path
WB
WB
El Sub Sta
Depot
RF HA
Park
Post
CRESCENT
20.3m
ET
Natural PCs
Shelter
Waste Transfer Station
ts Page
l
St Pancras Gardens
W
n Cana l Cana
D Fn
DW
ds
272
The Gardener’s Cottage
18.6m TCBs
CA
INGT ON
Bollar
Unio nt’s and G Rege
Hosp ital
Monument
DE AL
138
12
ras
Goldington Crescent Gardens
GO LD
101 to 105
13
37 to 48
Track
Sts
Panc
42
Post
1 to
(odd)
Cycle
FB
St Trough
PH
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
20.3m
ing
26.1m
Natural Park
21.6m
BM 19.28m
TCBs
to 59
ET
Shopping and Local Services
24.1m maso nry
Gardens
College Arms
RE ST
El Sub Sta
Garden s
1 to 55 (odd) Slop
St Pancras
CAMDEN TOWN (PH)
RE
Tiber
TCBs
20.0m
49 to 56
Goldington Court
Crowndale Court
ST
BM 24.44m
57 to 81
er Shelt
CE LA
222 to 249
St Pancras Coroner’s Court SM
OAD ht.
St
Conservation and Heritage
Community Centre
BM
GE LE OL
Gardens
CR
York Way Court
Air Shaft
21.5m
60 to 108
FB
British Waterways St Pancras Yacht Basin
en l Geff is enta xe Denn ronm Envi th Anne Heal
2 to 58
25.33m
126
BM
Trop
249 to 261
El Sub Sta 130 132
m
ing Tow
23.61
l for ases
134
BM
24.2m
Slipway
1 to 11
33
25.2m
pita Hos Dise ical
St Pancras Hospital El Sub Sta
WB
ON
115 to 138
9
12 10
212
57 59
Posts
Chy
1
27.2m
53 55
Library
COPENHAGEN STREET
RE ST
yal ry ina ge olle
El Sub Sta
Green Chain Missing Link EN47
11
51
PH
49
25.4m
Green Chain and Corridor EN47
Housing Density Boundaries HG10
209 to 240
Tunnel
DELHI STREET
144
Y NAR
Air Shaft
83 to 114
20 8
14 2
53 55
49 51 45 47
38 46
32 40 48
30
36 44
41 43
28
26 34 42
33 35 1
2
3
29 31 25 27
4
5 6
7 8
9
45 47
9
GRA
RAS WAY
El Sub Sta
Oblique Bridge
Playground
7
16
8
Brydon Walk
17 19
7
41 43
13
37 39
31 39 47
29 37 45
OSE CL
AP ER S
25 33 41
6
21 23
Walk
7
RE
27 35 43
13 5
5
37 39
102
ST PANC
BM 24.93m
22.7m
15
11 13
9
13 15
26
20 12
7 15 23 17
19
3 11 19
17 9
4
4
Vibart Walk
Campbell
5
24
22
23
5 13 21
3
3
33 35
103
2
2 Place
Lawrence
28.5m
1
29 31
2
4
6
8
Delhi Street BM 27.18m
25.4m
LBs
Area for Community Regeneration Policy LC10
8 16 24
to
6 14 22
Y
Tunnel
El Sub Sta El Sub Sta
STREET
4 12 20
2
10 18
25 27
39 43 47
K WA
AD F RO
Playground
BP
al
23.6m
HAVELOCK
38 42 46
PLACE
OUTRAM
FB
21 23
er Wheel ns Garde
40 48
32
30 38 46
YOR
AR
ET
28.5m
28 36 44
40 44 48
RE
104
WH
Y ST
Can al
17 19
37 41 45
29.85m
Gantry
MLE
ion
Can
26 34 42
BM
Signal
CA
Un ’s
Brydon Walk
174 172
10
ent
13 15
8
13
Gra nd Reg
Sorting Office
11
2
16
Driving Range
Metropolitan Walk Potential Connection or Alternative Route EN47
9
15
6
Path
3
19
to
14
ing
15
7
to 178
1
8 to
T STREE
26.3m
Tank
90
Tow
Metropolitan Walk EN47
Camden Town Special Policy Area Policy CT1 - 4
5
31
176
17 to
16
T9
Warehouse
5
FB
1
22
47
33 25
Area of Special Character Chapter 15
61 63
3
to
Posts
FB
29 21
1
14
79
29.8m 82
36a
36 28
Playground
Posts
3
1
65
36e Garage
Lt Twr
WB
8
50 66
58 74 64 80
Conveyor
Jubilee Waterside Centre
LT
FB
90
Conveyor
1
4
21.7m
AD
Garage
27.0m
12
Warehouse
14
16
’S RO ELL
14
129 to 135 137 to 151
10
30.3m
30.3m
87
11
Paget Centre Christian Mission)
BM 27.94m
CLOSE
S AN M GH OU PL
El Sub Sta
22 24
Depot Depot
81 to
4
43
5
11
12 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
2 EXISTING CONDITION
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
13
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
BACKGROUND
7KLV VXEPLVVLRQ IRU 5 1RUWK FRPSULVHV WKH 1RUWK :HVW DQG (DVW %ORFNV RI 3ORW 5 7KH 1RUWK %ORFN UDQJHV IURP WR VWRUH\V LQ KHLJKW WKH :HVW %ORFN LV VWRUH\V DQG WKH (DVW %ORFN LV VWRUH\V DOO LQFOXGLQJ JURXQG IORRUV :KHQ FRPSOHWH WKH IRXU EXLOGLQJV PDNLQJ XS 5 1RUWK DQG 5 6RXWK ZLOO EH OLQNHG DW JURXQG IORRU OHYHO WR FUHDWH D FRPSOHWH XUEDQ EORFN IRRWSULQW 7KH DFFRPPRGDWLRQ ZLWKLQ 5 1RUWK FRPSULVHV Ć *165 UHVLGHQWLDO DSDUWPHQWV LQFOXGLQJ ODUJHU WKUHH EHG XQLWV DW OHYHOV WR RI WKH 1RUWK %ORFN Ć 6KDUHG 2ZQHUVKLS UHVLGHQWLDO DSDUWPHQWV DW OHYHOV WR RI WKH 1RUWK %ORFN Ć ([WUD &DUH UHVLGHQWLDO DSDUWPHQWV ZLWK DVVRFLDWHG FRPPXQDO IDFLOLWLHV DW OHYHOV WR RI WKH :HVW %ORFN Ć 2SHQ 0DUNHW DSDUWPHQW DW OHYHO RI WKH (DVW %ORFN Ć &RPPHUFLDO XQLWV DW JURXQG IORRU FDSDEOH RI VXE GLYLVLRQ WRWDOOLQJ VTP DQG SURYLGLQJ IRU D YDULHW\ RI XVH FODVVHV Ć $VVRFLDWHG DPHQLW\ SODQW UHIXVH DQG F\FOH VWRUDJH
14
CUB
ITT
PAR
K
CUB
ITT
PAS
SAG
E
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
2.0 EXISTING CONDITION
12
EAST LANE
ADS 5
2.0 EXISTING CONDITION
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
DESIGN SUMMARY
Site
/RZHU 6LWH SODQ IRU .LQJV &URVV 5 E\ 0DFFUHDQRU /DYLQJWRQ
Kings Cross R5
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
3ORW 5 LV ORFDWHG LQ 'HYHORSPHQW =RQH 5 ZKLFK VLWV RQ WKH QRUWKHDVWHUQ HGJH RI WKH EURDGHU .;& PDVWHUSODQ 5 1RUWK ZLOO IRUP DQ LQWHUIDFH ZLWK WKH H[LVWLQJ EXLOGLQJV RQ <RUN :D\ DQG PDUN DQ LPSRUWDQW HQWU\ SRLQW LQWR WKH VLWH ZLWK WKH PDVWHUSODQ¶V SULPDU\ JUHHQ RSHQ VSDFH DQG QRUWK VRXWK URXWH &XELWW 3DUN UXQQLQJ DORQJ WKH ZHVWHUQ VLGH RI WKH :HVW DQG 1RUWK %ORFNV 5 1RUWK LV ERXQG E\ YHU\ GLIIHUHQW HQYLURQPHQWV RQ LWV IRXU VLGHV Ć <RUN :D\ IRUPLQJ WKH QRUWKHUQ ERXQGDU\ WR WKH VLWH LV DQ H[LVWLQJ EXV\ YHKLFXODU URXWH Ć &XELWW 3DUN DQG 1RUWK 6TXDUH 7R WKH ZHVW RI 3ORW 5 D VXFFHVVLRQ RI URXWHV DQG VSDFHV DUH SURSRVHG IURP QRUWK WR VRXWK QDPHO\ 1RUWK 6TXDUH &XELWW 3DVVDJH DQG &XELWW 3DUN Ć (DVW 6WUHHW IRUPLQJ WKH HDVWHUQ HGJH WR 3ORW 5 ZLOO EH D QHZ VWUHHW ZLWKLQ WKH .;& VLWH :KHQ FRPSOHWH LW ZLOO EH D QR WKURXJK URDG IRU YHKLFOHV ZLWK WKH H[FHSWLRQ RI HPHUJHQF\ YHKLFOHV WHUPLQDWLQJ MXVW EH\RQG 5 6RXWK ZKHUH LW PHHWV WKH =RQH 5 *DUGHQ
Constructions Completed 2 no. disabled parking bays for residents and visitors
On-going Constructions
N
40
15
Figure 41: Plan showing temporary location tion of visitor parking bays to the West Block and the disabled bays along York Way
Fenman House
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
Massing 7KH SORW KDV VHW RXW LWV RZQ DLPV ZKLOVW GHVLJQLQJ WKH EORFNV 3XEOLF 5HDOP 0DLQWDLQLQJ D FOHDU KLHUDUFK\ \HW FRQQHFWLRQV WR WKH PDMRU VWUHHWV DQG SXEOLF VSDFHV VXUURXQGLQJ ]RQH 5
16
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
R5 Footprint is extruded to a 30m datum. A courtyard - formed by a perimeter block of 16m - does not allow sufficient light into the central space.
1) East facade cut away to allow light into the courtyard and adjacent R4 plot.
2) Cuts - introduced to allow additional light into the courtyard and reduce overlooking.
Figure 9: The stages of design development for R5 Building as a whole.
6) Street frontage - animates the plot’s plinth.
7) ‘Internal’ and ‘External’ facades
Extra Care Tenure
Shared Ownership Tenure
5) Courtyard Garden - a canopy introduces a human scale to the space.
Social Rent Tenure
17
4) The East Block - added to provide a deliberate contrast in scale and a human moment.
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
3) Towers - introduced to relate to surrounding building heights and facilitate long views.
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
Programme
18
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
$UHD VFKHGXOH ZLWK JURVV LQWHUQDO IORRU DUHD RI HDFK IORRU
Residential (including circulation spaces)
Alternative Uses
1HƒEGU
Utility Elements
Total
Ground
223
599
76
746
1644
1
1493
1493
2
1413
1413
3
1413
1413
4
1413
1413
5
1413
1413
6
1413
1413
7
1413
1413
8
421
421
9
421
421
10
421
421
11
421
421
12
421
421
13
421
421
14
421
421
15
421
421
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
Floor
14,983
19
20 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
2.0 EXISTING CONDITION
DRAWINGS
*URXQG )ORRU
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
)LUVW )ORRU
21
22
QG WK )ORRUV
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
WK WK )ORRUV
23
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 24
³.LQJV &URVV 5 1RUWK´ ZLOO EH WKH IRFXV RI WKLV UHVHDUFK DQG H[SORUDWLRQ
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
25
26 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
27
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
)ODWV /D\RXW RI URRPV DW GLIIHUHQW W\SHV RI XQLW UHPDLQ VLPLODU DQG W\SLFDO EDWKURRPV IRU WKH HOGHUO\ KRPHV DUH DFFHVVLEOH DQG KHQFH RFFXS\ D ODUJHU DUHD
28
$OO URRPV DUH SURYLGHG ZLWK IXOO KHLJKW ED\ ZLQGRZV ZKLOVW EDOFRQLHV DUH SURYLGHG RQO\ WR URRPV IDFLQJ LQZDUGV DQG 6RXWKZDUGV WR WKH FRXUW\DUG
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
,Q WKH 1RUWK %ORFN RYHU RI WKH XQLWV DUH GXDO DVSHFW WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH SRVLWLRQ RI WKH FRUH LW ZDV DLPHG WR PD[LPLVH DSDUWPHQWV EHWZHHQ 1RUWK DQG :HVW EORFN RYHUORRNLQJ HDFK RWKHU 8VDEOH EDOFRQLHV KDYH D PLQLPXP DUHD RI VTP SURYLGHG WR XQLWV
29
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 30
2.0 EXISTING CONDITION
MATERIAL STUDIES 7KH WZR PDLQ VSHFLILF PDWHULDOV WKDW .LQJV &URVV 5 FRPSULVHV RI DUH FRQFUHWH DQG EULFNV FRQFUHWH VROHO\ IRU WKH ORDG EHDULQJ VWUXFWXUH DQG EULFN DV WKH HQYHORSLQJ PDWHULDO :H VKRXOG XQGHUVWDQG WKHVH WZR PDWHULDOV LQ DOO SHUVSHFWLYHV EHIRUH VXJJHVWLQJ DQ\ VXEVWLWXWLQJ SURSRVDO WKDW ZRXOG SURGXFH DQ\ FKDQJH
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
31
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
CONCRETE Composition Raw materials for concrete are available cheaply and in abundance for most places around the globe, hence used so widely and extensively disregarding geographical distinctions. Concrete is formed by mixing the aggregates with water and the binding agent that is cement, the process known as hydration.
32
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
Viable aggregate can include gravel, crushed stone, sand, slag or geosynthetic aggregates - this makes up 60-80% of the the concrete mix. Cement on the other hand is a chemical combination of calcium, silicon, alluminium, iron and etc.
6DQG DQG JUDYHO TXDUU\ ERWK PDWHULDO RQH FRDUVH DQG RQH ILQH VXLW GLIIHUHQW W\SHV RI FRQFUHWH PL[
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
Strength Concrete is popular not just because of available material compositions, but also ts performance. It is plastic and malleable when newly mixed - giving possibility to create fluid forms that any possible formwork can be created - and it is strong and durable when hardened. The other most noteable quality it has is sharing the same thermal expansion properties with steel, which makes reinforced concrete a far stronger and flexible material than on its own - handling both compression and tension forces well as one WPKƒGF OQPQNKVJKE OCVGTKCN VJCV KU LQKPGF D[ RQWTKPI
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 33
0HLVR QR 0RUL )XQHUDO +DOO 7R\R ,WR XWLOLVHV UHLQIRUFHG FRQFUHWH¶V EHVSRNH TXDOLWLHV WR FUHDWH D IRUP WKDW LV FRPSOLFDWHG WR SURGXFH DQG DVVHPEOH RWKHUZLVH
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
(PERGLHG &DUERQ 3URGXFWLRQ DQG 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
34
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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¶V FRQFUHWH LV SURGXFHG ZLWKLQ 8. ZLWK DQ DYHUDJH NP GHOLYHU\ GLVWDQFH IURP FRQFUHWH PL[LQJ WR FRQVWUXFWLRQ VLWH
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
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
&HPHQW LQGXVWULHV 0DWHULDO JULQGLQJ DQG EXUQLQJ VLWHV LQ 8.
35
3UHFDVW IORRU HOHPHQW PDGH RI VODJ IO\ DVK EDVHG JHRSRO\PHU FRQFUHWH FHPHQW IUHH LQ 4XHHQVODQG¶V 8QLYHUVLW\ *&, %XLOGLQJ
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
BRICK Composition
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
$TKEMU CTG QHVGP ENC[ DCUGF DGKPI C V[RG QH ƒPG ITCKPGF PCVWTCN UQKN OKZGF YKVJ water to form wet clay. The mixture then is pressed into a mould - therefore enabling unique though most of the time regular, shapes - sent to the kiln to burn, in order for them to dry and harden. Bricks could be categorised into facing bricks or engineering bricks. The former used mainly for external aesthetics, being weather resistant, they could be mouled differently to achieve certain textures; the latter have a higher compressive strength and is used structurally such as groundworks, manholes and retaining walls.
)DFLQJ EULFNV ([WUXGHG DQG ZLUHFXW ZLWK PDFKLQHV
)DFLQJ EULFNV 6RIW PXG EULFNV ZLWK KDQG PDGH SURFHVVHV
(QJLQHHULQJ EULFNV &OD\ EDVHG RU PL[HG ZLWK RWKHU PDWHULDOV
6WUHQJWK
36
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³HFKR´ D FHUWDLQ KLVWRU\ LQ D OLWHUDO VHQVH EXW SUDFWLFDOO\ WKH PRUWDU MRLQHG EULFN HQYHORSH DOVR UHGXFHV WKH QHHG IRU FRPSOH[ VHFRQGDU\ IL[WXUHV DQG KHQFH VLPSOLI\LQJ WKH SURFHVV
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 37
7DWH 0RGHUQ $GDSWDWLRQ RI WKH 7XUELQH +DOO DQG WKH QHZ H[WHQVLRQ %ULFNV DUH XVHG DOPRVW UHPLQLVFHQWO\ WR HYRNH KLVWRULFDO UHIHUHQFH RQO\ DV D FODGGLQJ PDWHULDO KLQWHG E\ WKH SXQFWXUHG MRLQWV
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
(PERGLHG &DUERQ 3URGXFWLRQ DQG 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
38
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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
'HVSLWH EHLQJ D FRPPRQ PDWHULDO EULFN GHPDQGV LQ 8. DUH SDUWLFXODOUO\ KLJK WKDW OFRDO VRXUFLQJ DQG SURGXFWLRQ FDQQRW IXOILOO LQ RI WKH ELOOLRQ EULFNV KDYH WR EH LPSRUWHG DGGLQJ WR HPERGLHG FDUERQ LQ WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
3RVVLEOH 5HGXFWLRQ LQ &DUERQ (PLVVLRQ %ULFNV LQ DQFLHQW WLPHV ZHUH VXQ GULHG WR KDUGHQ DQG VWUHQJWKHQ QRZ UHSODFHG E\ PDFKLQHU\ EXUQLQJ WR DFFHOHUDWH WKH SURFHVV WKH HIILFLHQF\ RI VXFK LV PD[LPLVHG E\ D PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP WKDW HIIHFWLYHO\ GU\ WKH EULFNV PLQLPLVLQJ H[FHVVLYH KHDW
39
1HZSRUW 6WUHHW *DOOHU\ VSHFLDO EULFNV ZHUH KDQGPDGH RU VWDQGDUG PDFKLQH PDGH DQG EOHQGHG ZLWK YDVW YDULHW\ RI EULFNV WR PDWFK WKH H[LVWLQJ EXLOGLQJ
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
6KDSHV RI WXQQHO NLOQV ZHUH PDGH PRUH HIILFLHQW QDWXUDO JDV WR IXHO WKH ILULQJ DQG PRGHV RI UHWULHYLQJ ZDVWH KHDW ZHUH LQYHVWLJDWHG WR UHGXFH WKH FDUERQ IRRWSULQW RI WKH EXUQLQJ SURFHVV /DWHU PDWHULDO VXFK DV WKH XVH RI VDQG OLPH EULFNV FRXOG DOVR UHGXFH WKH DPRXQW RI PRUWDU QHHGHG WR IRUP MRLQWV /RFDO EULFN PDWHULDO VRXUFLQJ VKRXOG DOVR EH FRQGXFWHG WR PLQLPLVH WUDQVSRUW HVSHFLDOO\ YLDEOH LQ VPDOO VFDOH SURGXFWLRQV
40 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
,Q FRQWUDVW WR WKH EXLOGLQJV ZLWK D ORQJHU KLVWRU\ LQ WKH VXUURXQGLQJ QHLJKERXUKRRG EULFNV ZHUH GHSOR\HG VWUXFWXUDOO\ LQ WKH H[WHUQDO ZDOO ZKHUHDV WKH .LQJ &URVV 5 PRELOLVHV WKH EULFNV RQO\ DV D FODGGLQJ OD\HU DORQJ RWKHU ³GHOLFDWH´ PDWHULDOV LQFOXGLQJ WKH JOD]HG FHUDPLF SDQHOV DQG WKH SUHFDVW FRQFUHWH OHGJHV ZKLFK DGRUQ WKH EXLOGLQJ
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
7KH PDWHULDOV RI WKH IDFDGH UHIHUV EDFN WR WKH KLVWRULFDO EXLOGLQJV RI PHGLXP VL]HG ZRUNVKRSV DQG ZDUHKRXVHV LQ WKH YLFLQLW\ DQG WKHLU FKRLFHV DUH PDLQO\ DHVWKHWLF EHVLGHV WKH ZHDWKHULQJ SURSHUWLHV RI EULFNV /LJKWHU EULFNV LQ WKH LQZDUG IDFLQJ IDFDGH VXSSRVHGO\ UHIOHFW PRUH OLJKW LQWR WKH FRXUW\DUG
ADS 5
(QYHORSH 'HWDLO
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
,
p
y
41
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
2.0 EXISTING CONDITION
ANALYSIS
STRUCTURE 7KH EXLOGLQJ VWUXFWXUH LV HQWLUHO\ FRPSRVHG RI D FRQFUHWH IUDPH WKDW ZRXOG EH FODGGHG ZLWK EULFNV DV DQ RXWHUPRVW ZHDWKHULQJ OD\HU 7KH FKRLFH RI WKH PRGH RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG VWUXFWXUDO PDWHULDOV KDYH QRW EHHQ PHQWLRQHG RU GLVFXVVHG LQ WKH UHSRUW EXW PRVWO\ FRQFHUQ ODERXU DQG PDWHULDO FRVWV DV ZHOO DV WLPH RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ
42
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
7KH PLG ULVH W\SRORJ\ WKDW WKH EXLOGLQJ LV PDLQWDLQHG DW VWRUH\V UHGXFHV WKH XUJH RI HPSOR\LQJ D VWHHO IUDPH FRQVWUXFWLRQ WKDW LV DSSOLHG PRUH ZLGHO\ DW KLJKHU ULVH EXLOGLQJV ZLWK LWV ORZHU GHDG ORDG
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
Loadbearing
43
- Stud walls in between concrete piers - Pre-installed concrete ledges to carry bricks
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
7KH RXWZDUG IDFLQJ IDFDGH LV FODGGHG ZLWK D GDUNHU FRORXU RI EULFNV ZKLOVW VXUIDFHV EXLOW XS RI PHWDO & VHFWLRQV SURYLGH WKH LQWHUIDFHV IRU EULFN FODGGLQJV ZKHUH WKHUH DUH QR FRQFUHWH VWUXFWXUHV %ULFNV DUH IL[HG E\ H[WHQVLRQV IURP WKH HGJH RI WKH VODEV DV ZHOO DV WKH SUHFDVW OHGJH HYHU\ WZR IORRUV
44
&HUDPLF VSDQGUHO SDQHOV DUH LQVWDOOHG ZKLFK DOVR FRYHUV WKH LQVXODWLRQ OD\HU
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
7KH LQZDUG IDFLQJ IDFDGH LV LQVWDOOHG ZLWK IXOO KHLJKW RSHQDEOH ZLQGRZV DV LQVXODWLRQ LV LQVWDOOHG EHKLQG WKH EULFN FODGGLQJV WKDW ZHUH H[WHQGHG IURP WKH HGJH RI WKH VODE 7KH ZDOO EXLOGXS FRQVLVWV RI WKH RXWHUPRVW OD\HU RI EULFN EHKLQG VXFK LV D FDYLW\ IROORZHG E\ LQVXODWLRQ WRXFKLQJ WKH H[WHUQDO IDFH RI WKH VWUXFWXUH
45
9HQWLODWLRQ GXFWV JR WKURXJK WKH FHLOLQJV DQG UHOHDVH WKURXJK WKH RXWOHW DW WKH HGJH RI WKH HQYHORSHV EHKLQG WKH EULFNV
46 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
PLANS
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
47
*) ) )ORRU 3ODQ ([LVWLQJ &RQGLWLRQV
48 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
49
) ) )ORRU 3ODQ ([LVWLQJ &RQGLWLRQV
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
SECTION DETAILS
'DUN IDFLQJ EULFNV 3UHFDVW FRQFUHWH OHGJH *OD]HG FHUDPLF SDQHO
50
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
%ULFN SDUDSHW (36 DVVXPHG ,QVXODWLRQ PP &RQFUHWH 6ODE 3ODVWHUERDUG 3O\ZRRG )ORRULQJ PP (36 ,QVXODWLRQ
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
51
52 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
53
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
EMBODIED CARBON ANALYSIS 0$7(5,$/
(/(0(17
92/80( 0
(0%2',(' &$5%21 .*&2 ( 0
$OXPLQLXP 6KHHW 3RZGHU &RDWHG
(QYHORSH
*DOYDQLVHG 6WHHO
)L[LQJV
&RQFUHWH %ORFNV
3DUWLWLRQV
5HLQIRUFHG &RQFUHWH
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
&OD\ %ULFNV
(QYHORSH
(36 ,QVXODWLRQ
(QYHORSH
)ODW *ODVV
(QYHORSH
3ODVWHUERDUG
)LW 2XW
9DSRXU %DUULHU
(QYHORSH
&HUPLF 7LOHV
(QYHORSH
54
TOTAL
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
COST ANALYSIS
(/(0(17
$02817
&267
&OD\ %ULFNV
(QYHORSH
P
&RQFUHWH )ORRUV
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
P
&RQFUHWH :DOOV
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
P
&RQFUHWH %ORFNV
3DUWLWLRQV
P
*DOYDQLVHG 6WHHO
)L[LQJV
P
3ODVWHUERDUG
)LW 2XW
P
5H\QDHUV :LQGRZV DQG *OD]LQJ
(QYHORSH
P
(36 ,QVXODWLRQ
(QYHORSH
P
TOTAL (AS CALCULATED) TOTAL COST OF TOTAL SCHEME (ONLINE) TOTAL COST OF SELECTED AREA (ONLINE)
PERCENTAGE OF PRICE THAT WILL CHANGE
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
0$7(5,$/
55
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
2.0 EXISTING CONDITION
OPERATIONAL CARBON
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
OVERVIEW
3DVVLYH 'HVLJQ
7KHUPDO SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH HQYHORSH 1DWXUDO OLJKWLQJ
,QWHUQDO %XLOGLQJ 6\VWHPV
+HDW ,QWHUIDFH 8QLW 0HFKDQLFDO YHQWLODWLRQ ,QWHOOLJHQW OLJKWLQJ V\VWHP 6DQLWDU\ ZDUH DQG DSSOLDQFHV %XLOGLQJ 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHP
/DQGVFDSH
6XVWDLQDEOH GUDLQDJH V\VWHP (FRORJ\ 0DWHULDO UHF\FOLQJ ([FDYDWLRQ DQG UH XVH RI WRS VRLO
:LGHU 6LWH 6\VWHPV
/RZ FDUERQ GLVWULFW HQHUJ\ V\VWHP 6LWH ZLGH GUDLQDJH LQIUDVWUXFWXUH
&RQVWUXFWLRQ
&2 0RQLWRU UHSRUW DQG VHW WDUJHWV IRU
56
Ć Ć Ć
PDWHULDOV SURGXFWLRQV RII VLWH WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ WR VLWH DQG FRQVWUXFWLRQ RQ VLWH
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
57
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
PASSIVE DESIGN 7KHUPDO
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
7KH H[WHUQDO HQYHORSH FDQ VLJQLILFDQWO\ UHGXFH HQHUJ\ GHPDQG WKH QHHG WR DGGUHVV WKHUPDO FRPIRUW LVVXHV LQ 6XPPHU ZKLOVW PLQLPLVLQJ WKH XVH RI PHFKDQLFDO FRROLQJ 7KH EXLOGLQJ IDEULF SHUIRUPDQFH ZLOO H[FHHG WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV RI 3DUW / RI WKH %XLOGLQJ 5HJXODWLRQV 7KH LQVXODWLRQ RI WKH HQYHORSH RI WKH EXLOGLQJ LV RI KLJK SHUIRUPDQFH PDLQO\ RI WKHLU EXLOG XS LQ WHUPV RI WKH XVH RI LQVXODWLRQ DQG DLU WLJKWQHVV
/LJKWLQJ 'D\OLJKW IDFWRU WKDW HQFRXUDJHV WKH ILOWUDWLRQ RI VXQOLJKW LQWR DSDUWPHQWV WKDW LV DVVLVWHG E\ WKH EXLOGLQJ IRUP ZLWK WKH FRXUW\DUG RSHQLQJ WKDW H[SRVHV WKH EORFNV
Elemen nt
Propo osed constru uction U Valu ue (W/m2K)
Externa al Wall Roof Expose ed floor Glazing g
0.26 0.18 0.22 1.8 (including ( frame))
58
Area Kitchen n Living R Room Bedroo om
w window
Bu uilding Regu ulation (20100) U Value (W/m2K) Co ommercial 0.3 35 0.2 25 0.2 25 2.2 2
Residentia ial 0.30 0.20 0.25 2.0
Recommend R ded Dayligh ht Factor (DF F) 2 2% 1 1.5% 1 1%
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
*OD]LQJ
5H\QDHUV DOXPLQLXP ZLQGRZ V\VWHPV ZHUH XVHG 7KHVH VROXWLRQV DGGUHVV WKH FKDOOHQJHV DQG RSWLPLVHG WKHUPDO UDWLQJV 7KH\ PHHW WKH ODWHVW LQVXODWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQWV DW WKH WLPH RI GHVLJQ EHLQJ D WKHUPDOO\ LPSURYHG WKUHH FKDPEHU HQHUJ\ HIILFLHQW V\VWHP 7KH WKHUPDO EUHDNV VDQGZLFKHG EHWZHHQ HDFK IUDPH¶V LQWHULRU DQG H[WHULRU LV PDGH IURP SRO\DPLGH ZKLFK SUHYHQWV KHDW ORVV WKURXJK WKH IUDPH 7KLV ZDV FKRVHQ LQ RUGHU WR PDWFK &DPGHQ &RXQFLO¶V JRDO WR HQKDQFH DQG LPSURYH VWDQGDUGV RI DIIRUGDEOH OLYLQJ IRU .LQJ¶V &URVV UHVLGHQWV
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
7KHUPDO LQVXODWLRQ SURSHUWLHV IRU .LQJ¶V &URVV 5 ZHUH FRQVLGHUHG WR EH D ³FUXFLDO FRQVLGHWDWLRQ´ $OO UHVLGHQFHV FRQQHFW WR WKH GLVWULFW KHDWLQJ QHWZRUN IRU KLJK LQVXODWLRQ DQG YHQWLODWLRQ DQG WKH ZLQGRZ V\VWHPV LQVWDOOHG KHOSHG HQKDQFH WKLV
59
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
INTERNAL BUILDING SYSTEMS +HDW ,QWHUIDFH 8QLW
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
5HWULHYLQJ KHDW HQHUJ\ DV ZHOO DV XWLOVLQJ WKH HQHUJ\ WKURXJK D FRQWURO V\VWHP WR SURYLGH IRU KRW ZDWHU DQG KHDWLQJ WR DSDUWPHQWV
0HFKDQLFDO 9HQWLODWLRQ ,QWHJUDWHG ZLWK KHDW UHFRYHU\ SUHKHDWLQJ WKH LQFRPLQJ DLU ZLWK H[KDXVW DLU WKDW LV ZDUP DQ DXWRPDWLF V\VWHP WKDW UHVSRQVHV WR LQWHUQDO KXPLGLW\ D VOLP GXFW V\VWHP ZRXOG GLUHFW DLU LQGRRUV IURP WKH FHLOLQJ RXWZDUGV WR WKH JULOOHV LQ WKH IDFDGH
/LJKWLQJ (QHUJ\ HIILFLHQW OLJKWLQJ ORZ HQHUJ\ KLJK HIILFLHQF\ FRPSDFW IOXRUHVFHQW OLJKW ILWWLQJV OLJKWLQJ FRQWURO V\VWHP ZLWK LQWHOOLJHQW GLPPLQJ WKDW ZRXOG UHVSRQG WR OLJKWLQJ QHFHVVLW\
6DQLWDU\ ZDUH DQG DSSOLDQFHV +DUGZDUHV WKDW XWLOLVHV ZDWHU XVDJH LQ KRXVHKROGV LUULJDWLRQ ZDWHU WR EH XWLOLVHG
60
%XLOGLQJ PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP %06 $XWRPDWLF FRQWURO V\VWHP DQG PRQLWRULQJ RSHUDWLRQ WKDW UHFRUGV DQG FRQWUROV WKH EXLOGLQJ VHUYLFHV WR RSHUDWH DW PD[LPXP HIILFLHQF\
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
LANSCAPE 6XVWDLQDEOH 'UDLQDJH 6\VWHPV 68'6
(FRORJ\ 3URYLVLRQ RI EURZQ JUHHQ URRI DFFRPPRGDWHV ZLOGOLIH KDELWDWV WKDW DUH XQGLVWXUEHG E\ WKH UHVLGHQWV
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
*UHHQ DQG EURZQ URRI DV ZHOO DV WKH LQWHUQDO FRXUW\DUG ZRXOG DWWHQXDWH VOLJKWO\ WR WKH SHDN VXUIDFH UXQRII E\ GHWDLQLQJ UDLQIDOO WKURXJK UHWHQWLRQ DQG LQILOWUDWLRQ DQG E\ HQFRXUDJLQJ HYDSRWUDQVSLUDWLRQ LQ ZDUPHU GD\V
5HF\FOHG PDWHULDOV 7KH EURZQ URRI XVHV FUXVKHG PDVRQU\ DQG VSRLO WKDW LV SODQWHG ZLWK ZLOG JUDVVHV WKDW VOLJKWO\ PRELOLVHV XSF\FOLQJ
7RS VRLO 3RVVLELOLW\ WR UH HPSOR\ WKH H[FDYDWHG VRLO WKDW FRXOG EH XVHG DV ODQGVFDSLQJ PDWHULDO IURP WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ VLWH
61
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
3
CARBON COPIES
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
3.0 CARBON COPIES
INTRODUCTION
)ROORZLQJ WKH DQDO\VLV RI WKH RULJLQDO VWUXFWXUH VXVWDLQDELOLW\ DQG FRVW DQDO\VLV RI WKH RULJLQDO VWUXFWXUH WKLV UHSRUW WKHQ EHJLQV WR ORRN DW DOWHUQDWLYH VWUXFWUXDO VFHQDULRV DQG WKHLU UHVSHFWXUH ZDOO EXLOG XSV WR DQDO\VH WKH EHVW FDUERQ FRS\ ORZHU FDUERQ DQG ORZHU FRVW UHVSRQVH Carbon Copy 1.
&/7 ,QWHULRU 6WUXFWXUH ZLWK D 6HOI 6WDQGLQJ 6WRQH )DFDGH
Carbon Copy 2. &/7 ,QWHULRU 6WUXFWXUH ZLWK D 6WRQH 9HQHHU )DFDGH
64
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
Carbon Copy 3.
/RDGEHDULQJ 6WRQH 6WUXFWXUH
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
65
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
3.0 CARBON COPIES
MATERIAL STUDIES TIMBER
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
Sustainable timber is timber that has been harvested responsibly from well-managed forests that are continuously replenished and ensure that there is no damage to the surrounding environment. Trees also absorb carbon very rapidly while they are growing and absorb less as they age, so sustainably managed forests where timber is harvested and replaced can potentially be more of an effective carbon store than an undisturbed forest. Morevoer, timber is durable, and can be easily maintained, has warm aesthetic properties, is highly versatile, quick and simple to build with, great in earthquakes, is a good insulator, non-toxic and is a humidity regulator. 6JG 7-ŦU VYQ OCKP EGTVKƒECVKQP UEJGOGU Ţ VJG (QTGUV 5VGYCTFUJKR %QWPEKN (5% CPF 2TQITCOOG HQT VJG 'PFQTUGOGPV QH (QTGUV %GTVKƒECVKQP 2'(% Ţ CUUWTG VJCV CNN wood and wood-based products originate from sustainable sources. Therefore, as OWEJ CU RGT EGPV QH VKODGT WUGF KP VJG 7- KU EGTVKƒGF CV RTGUGPV
FIRE REGULATIONS +P C ƒTG VJG QWVGT NC[GT QH OCUU VKODGT YKNN EJCT KP C RTGFKEVCDNG YC[ VJCV GHHGEVKXGN[ self-extinguishes and shields the interior, allowing it to retain structural integrity for UGXGTCN JQWTU KP CP KPVGPUG ƒTG Ţ C DKI EQPVTCUV YKVJ UVGGN However, the UK government has released details of its ban on combustible building materials in the wake of the Grenfell Tower tragedy, revealing that it will limit the use of cross-laminated timber in construction.
66
The legislation states that no combustible materials will be permitted on the external YCNNU QH CP[ PGY DWKNFKPIU VCNNGT VJCP OGVTGU +P VJG NGIKUNCVKQP KV URGEKƒGF VKODGT as one of these materials.
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
67
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
CLT PANELS 0XUUD\ *URYH LV EXLOW LQ ZLWK WKH VXSHUVWUXFWXUH HQWLUHO\ LQ PDVV WLPEHU 7KH &/7 SDQHOV IRU H[WHUQDO DQG LQWHUQDO ZDOOV IORRU VODEV DQG VKDIWV DUH DOO SUH IDEULFDWHG ZLWK VROLG WLPEHU
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
7HUPHG DV ³KRQH\FRPE´ VWUXFWXUH ODWHUDO IRUFHV DUH WDNHQ E\ VKHDU ZDOOV WKDW DUH DUUDQJHG SHUSHQGLFXODUO\
68
&/7 SDQHOV DUH ILQLVKHG E\ SODVWHUERDUGV LQ FRPSODLQFH ZLWK ILUH UHJXODWLRQV DQG DOVR VHUYLFLQJ QHHGV
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
6WUXFWXUDO ZDOOV LQFOXGH WKH HQWLUH SHULSKHU\ RI WKH SODQ DQG PRVW RI WKH ZDOOV FRQWDLQLQJ WKH VHUYLFH FRUH LQ WKH PLGGOH
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
0XUUD\ *URYH ZDV WKH ILUVW WR VXJJHVW EXLOGLQJ DOWHUQDWLYHO\ ZLWK &/7 ZKHUH UHVLGHQWLDO OD\RXWV DUH RIWHQ UHJXODU DQG GHPDQG SDUWLWLRQV DOUHDG\ 3UHIDEULFDWHG ZDOO SDQHOV FDQ HDVLO\ DFFRPPRGDWH WKH VSDFHV UHTXLUHG ZKLOVW VDYLQJ WLPH RQ VLWH ZLWK WKH DVVHPEO\ RI GU\ HOHPHQWV
69
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 70
GLULAM BEAM AND COLUMN STRUCTURE 0M¡VWnUQHW LV EXLOW LQ ZLWK D JOXODP IUDPH VWUXFWXUH WKLV LV DGRSWHG PDLQO\ WR DFFRPPRGDWH WKH QHHG IRU RSHQ RIILFH VSDFHV DW WKH WRS IORRUV ,W LV VWRUH\V WDOOHU WKDQ 0XUUD\¶V *URYH DQG KHQFH DGGLQJ WHFKQLFDO GLIILFXOWLHV LQ WHUPV RI WDNLQJ XS ZLQG ORDG 7KH IUDPH LV HUHFWHG LQGHSHQGHQWO\ WR WKH SUHIDEULFDWHG IORRU VODEV DQG HQYHORSH VDQGZKLFK SDQHOV ZKLFK DUH DOVR LQVWDOOHG DW WKH VDPH WLPH WR SURWHFW WKH H[SRVHG IUDPH IURP ZHDWKHU
7KH SUHIDEULFDWHG FDVHWWH IORRU SDQHOV LQFOXGH ERWK ILQLVKHV VHUYLFH VSDFH DQG VRXQG LQVXODWLRQ ZKLOVW ZDOO SDQHOV DUH LQVWDOOHG LQ WKH VDPH IDVKLRQHG WKHQ DSSOLHG ZLWK ILQLVK
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
7KH VWUXFWXUDO FROXPQ JULGV DFFRPPRGDWH ERWK WKH UHVLGHQWLDO DQG RIILFH VSDFH DW GLIIHUHQW IORRUV
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
&/7 FRUHV DUH PHUHO\ FDUU\LQJ WKHLU RZQ ZHLJKW UDWKHU WKDW WKH GHDG ORDGV RI WKH EXLOGLQJ
7KH PDLQ ORDG EHDULQJ VWUXFWXUHV DUH WKH FROXPQ DQG EHDP VWUXFWXUHV WKDW DUH VWUHQJWKHQHG E\ WKH GLDJRQDO EUDFLQJ DW WKH EXLOGLQJ SHULSKHULHV $W WKH XSSHUPRVW IORRUV FRQFUHWH VODEV DUH XVHG LQVWHDG RI WKH SUHIDEULFDWHG SDQHOV RI ODPLQDWHG YHQHHU OXPEHU WR DGG ZHLJKW DJDLQVW WKH ZLQG
71
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
GLULAM BEAM AND COLUMN / PREFABRICATION 7UHHW LV D VWRUH\ EXLOGLQJ WKDW XVHV WKH JOXODP IUDPH RI FROXPQV DQG EHDP WR IXUWKHU DFFHOHUDWH WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURFHVV FDUU\LQJ SUHIDEULFDWHG PRGXODU XQLWV 7KH XQLWV DUH PDGH RI FRQYHQWLRQDO WLPEHU IUDPHV DQG DUH VWDFNHG RQ WRS RI HDFK RWKHU WKH ORDG LV WDNHQ E\ WKH IUDPH HYHU\ IORRUV 7KH IUDPH LV WKHQ ILQLVKHG H[WHUQDOO\ ZLWK LQVXODWLRQ LQILOOV DQG UDLQVFUHHQ FODGGLQJ DV ZHOO DV FXUWDLQ ZDOOLQJ SDQHOV
6HFWLRQ VKRZLQJ WKH LQWHJUDWLRQ RI PXOWLSOH SUHIDEULFDWHG OD\HUV WKH H[WHUQDO ILQLVKLQJ WKH VWUXFWXUDO IUDPH DQG WKH PRGXODU XQLW
72
&UDQH SLFNLQJ XS WKH SUHIDEULFDWHG &/7 OLIW VKDIW
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
&RQFUHWH VODEV DUH XVHG DW GLIIHUHQW OHYHOV ZKHQ WKH ORDG RI WKH PRGXOHV DUH WUDQVIHUUHG WR WKH IUDPH DGGLQJ ZHLJKW WR WKH IUDPH EXW DOVR WDNLQJ FRSUHVVLYH IRUFH XWOLVLQJ LWV PDWHULDO SURSHUWLHV 7KLV FRQVWUXFWLRQ PHWKRGRORJ\ DJDLQ DLPV DW HQKDQFLQJ WKH GHOLYHU\ VSHHG E\ LQYROYLQJ HYHQ PRUH HOHPHQWV IRU SUHIDEULFDWLRQ HYHQ WKRXJK QRW WKH PRVW PDWHULDO VDYLQJ 73
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
COMPARISON: GLULAM VS CLT 0DVV WLPEHU FDQ EH HPSOR\HG LQ YDULRXV ZD\V &/7 SDQHOV JOXODP EHDPV DQG FROXPQV 7KH\ DUH GLVWLQJXLVKHG IURP WKH DERYH H[DPSOHV E\ GLIIHUHQW QHHGV RI VSDFHV DV ZHOO DV GLIIHUHQW GHOLYHU\ FULWHULDV LH WLPH DQG FRVW ,Q .LQJ¶V &URVV 5 RXU FRQVLGHUDWLRQ WDNHV SODFH PRVWO\ LQ DUHDV WKDW ZRXOG IRUP WKH EDVLV RI FKRRVLQJ KRZ WR ZRUN ZLWK PDVV WLPEHU IRU WKH DOWHUQDWLYH RI WKLV UHVLGHQWLDO EXLOGLQJ
&RPSDULQJ ZDOO DQG IORRU EXLOGXS RI 0XUUD\¶V *URYH OHIW DQG 0M¡VWnUQHW ULJKW DQG WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH GLPHQVLRQV
1. EFFECTIVE CEILING HEIGHT ,Q WKH H[DPSOH RI 0M¡VWnUQHW WKH EHDPV DORQH DUH PP GHHS \HW VXFK LV MXVWLILHG E\ WKH VHUYLFH VSDFHV SURYLGHG LQ EHWZHHQ IRU FRROLQJ DQG YHQWLDOWLRQ WKDW RIILFH VSDFHV UHTXLUH ,Q UHVLGHQWLDO GHYHORSPHQWV WKH GHPDQG IRU VHUYLFLQJ VSDFHV ZRXOG EH OHVV
74
7KH GHSWK RI PHPEHUV FDQ LQIOXHQFH KXJHO\ WKH GLPHQVLRQV RI VSDFHV VXFK DV IORRU WR FHLOLQJ KHLJKWV ZLWK PD[LPXP EXLOGLQJ KHLJKW VWLSXODWHG WKLV FRXOG FRQWULEXWH WR D ORW RI GHVLJQ FRQVWUDLQWV LQ GHOLYHULQJ URRP VSDFHV
ADS 5
,QWHUQDO FRQVWUDLQWV LQ 0M¡VWnUQHW WKH RIILFH VSDFHV DQG D VSHFLILF 7UHHW IODW RFFXULQJ HYHU\ VWRUH\V
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
2. LAYOUTS: FLEXIBILITY VS CONSTRAINTS ,Q WKH WZR H[DPSOHV RI JOXODP EHDP DQG FROXPQ VWUXFWXUHV ODWHUDO VWDELOLW\ LV SURYLGHG E\ GLDJRQDO WUXVVHV WKDW DUH FRQWDLQHG LQWHUQDOO\ )OH[LELOLW\ LQ VRPH VSDFHV PHDQ FRQVWUDLQWV LQ RWKHUV ZKLOVW RSHQ RIILFH SODQ FDQ DFFRPPRGDWH WKHVH VWUXFWXUHV LQ FLUFXODWLRQ VSDFHV UHVLGHQWLDO IODWV PLJKW EH KDUGHU WR DFFRPPRGDWH
&RPSDULQJ LQWHUQDO ZDOOV DQG IORRU EXLOGXS RI 0XUUD\¶V *URYH OHIW DQG 0M¡VWnUQHW ULJKW &/7 SDQHOV DOUHDG\ DFW DV SDUWLWLRQ ZDOOV
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
3. MATERIAL USE ,Q .LQJ¶V &URVV 5 WKH OD\RXWV IRU UHVLGHQWLDO IODWV DUH UHJXODU DQG PDQ\ SDUWLWLRQV DUH QHHGHG WKH XVH RI &/7 LV PRUH EHQHILFLDO LQ WHUPV RI PDWHULDO VSHQGLQJ ZKHUH YHUWLFDO ORDG EHDULQJ VWUXFWXUHV WDNHV WKH SODFH RI WKH VWXG ZDOOV DV SDUWLWLRQV VDYLQJ DGGLWRQDO VHFRQGDU\ VWUFXWXUHV 7RJHWKHU ZLWK WKH IORRU WR FHLOLQJ KHLJKWV DQG UHJXODULW\ LQ URRPV &/7 SDQHO VWUXFWXUH LV KHQFH DGRSWHG LQ RXU ODWHU SURSRVDOV XVLQJ &/7 VWUXFWXUHV DV ZDOOV DQG IORRUV LQVWHDG RI EHDP DQG FROXPQV WKDW LV VSHFLILF WR WKLV FDVH VWXG\
75
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
EXPRESSION 7KH XVH RI &/7 ZDOO DQG IORRU SDQHOV FDQ EH GHWDLOHG GLIIHUHQWO\ DFFRUGLQJ WR ERWK SUHIHUHQFH DQG SHUIRUPDQFH ,Q VRPH FDVHV &/7 SDQHOV DUH H[SRVHG LQWHUQDOO\ LQ WKH ZDOOV DQG WKH FHLOLQJ WR XWLOLVH LWV YLVXDO HIIHFWV <HW WKHVH GHFLVLRQV QHHG WR EH SDLUHG ZLWK WKH FRQVLGHUDWLRQV IRU SHUIRUPDQFH DQG RWKHU UHTXLUHPHQWV VXFK DV VHUUYLFLQJ WKDW UHTXLUH GHWDLOLQJ
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
%DUUHWW¶V *URYH WRS OHIW H[SRVHV LWV &/7 ZDOOV FRPSDUHG WR RWKHU DGGLWLRQDO UHTXLUHPHQWV DV QHHGHG EHORZ
76
7KH EXLOG XS RI WKH ZDOO GHSHQGV KHDYLO\ RQ XVH RI VSDFHV ZKHUH SDUWLFXODU QRLVHV LV NQRZQ WKHUH ZRXOG EH QHHG IRU DGGLWLRQDO VRXQG LQVXODWLRQ DPRQJVW SDUW\ ZDOOV DQG DOVR FHLOLQJV 7KH ORFDWLRQ DQG GHWDLOLQJ RI WKHVH GHYLFHV ZRXOG LQIOXHQFH WKH RYHUDOO SHUFHSWLRQ RI WKH VSDFHV
ADS 5
6HUYLFLQJ RI SLSHV HOHFWULF FDEOHV DQG DLU GXFWV QHHG WR WUDYHUVH ERWK WKH YHUWLFDO DQG KRUL]RQWDO HOHPHQWV 'HSHQGLQJ RQ WKH GHVLUHG H[SUHVVLRQV H[SRVHG RU FRQFHDOHG &/7 WKHVH KDUGZDUHV DUH GHSOR\HG GLIIHUHQWO\ PDLQO\ E\ GULOOLQJ RXW WKH WLPEHU RU DGGLQJ QHZ OD\HUV RQ WRS RI WKHP
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
SERVICING
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
'UDZLQJ RI KROORZ IORRU VODE WR HQDEOH VHUYLFLQJ &/7 KDQGERRN IURP 6ZHGLVK :RRG
77
KWWSV ZZZ ZRRGFDPSXV FR XN ZS FRQWHQW XSORDGV 6ZHGLVK :RRG &/7 +DQGERRN SGI
ADS 5
&RQQHFWLRQV
&/7 KDQGERRN IURP 6ZHGLVK :RRG
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
KWWSV ZZZ ZRRGFDPSXV FR XN ZS FRQWHQW XSORDGV 6ZHGLVK :RRG &/7 +DQGERRN SGI
IORRU WR EHDP
:DOO WR ZDOO
:DOO WR )ORRU
CONNECTIONS &RQQHFWLRQV RI WLPEHU PHPEHUV FDQ EH GRQH GLIIHUHQWO\ ZLWK YDULRXV HOHPHQWV
78
7KH FKRLFHV FDQ EH DJDLQ EDVHG RQ WKH YLVXDO HIIHFW WKDW ZDQWV WR EH GHOLYHUHG DV ZHOO DV WKH VHFRQGDU\ HOHPHQWV WKDW QHHG WR JR RQ WRS RI WKHP WKH FKRLFH RI FRQQHFWLRQV LV WR DVVLVW WKHVH DGGLWRQV
/RDG EHDULQJ &/7
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
(OLPLQDWLQJ WKH H[WHUQDO ZDOOV DQG DOO ORDG EHDULQJ &/7 VWUXFWXUHV DUH LQWHUQDO ZLWK RSWLRQV RI IRU WKH H[WHUQDO ZDOOV
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
,GHDO GLUHFW UHSODFHPHQW RI &/7 KRQH\FRPE VWUXFWXUH ORDGEHDULQJ H[WHUQDO ZDOOV DQG LQWHUQDO SDUW\ ZDOOV
ADS 5
([LVWLQJ EXLOGLQJ FRQFUHWH IUDPH RI EODGH FROXPQV
6WUXFWXUDO VWRQH FDYLW\ ZDOO DFFRXQWLQJ IRU DOO YHUWLFDO VWUXFWXUDO HOHPHQWV
/RDG EHDULQJ VWRQH
FROM CLT TO STONE
79
7KH SURSRVDO IRU DOWHUQDWLYHV LQVWLJDWHG IURP DQ HQWLUHO\ WLPEHU VROXWLRQ WKDW LV PHW ZLWK WKH EDQ RI XVLQJ FRPEXVWLEOH PDWHULDO OLNH &/7 IRU WKH H[WHUQDO ZDOOV LQ EXLOGLQJV RYHU PHWUHV WDOO 7KH &/7 LV KHQFHG SXVKHG EDFN DQG WKH H[WHUQDO ZDOO RSHQHG XS ZLWK RSWLRQV WR XVLQJ VWRQH GLIIHUHQWO\ 7KH PDLQ LGHD LV WR XVH VWRQH OLNH KRZ 0M¡VWnUQHW XVHG FRQFUHWH VODEV WR DGG ZHLJKW DQG VWDELOLVH WKH EXLOGLQJ IURP WKH WDNLQJ WKH ODWHUDO IRUFHV RI WKH ZLQG ORDG
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
EXTERNAL ENVELOPE IN STONE 7KH IROORZLQJ SURSRVDOV ORRN LQWR KRZ VWRQH FDQ EH PRVW HIIHFWLYHO\ LQFRUSRUDWHG ZLWK &/7 VWUXFWXUHV WR DFKLHYH D EXLOGLQJ DOWHUQDWLYH RSWLRQV LQFOXGH D 6HOI VWDQGLQJ VWRQH WLHG EDFN WR PDLQ VWUXFWXUH &DUULHV LWV RZQ ZHJKW E 6WRQH FODGGLQJ DV UDLQVFUHHQ &DUULHG E\ VWXGZDOOV DQG WKH SULPDU\ VWUXFWXUH F 6WUXFWXUDO VWRQH FDYLW\ ZDOOV &DUU\LQJ UHYHUVHO\ WKH ORDG RI WKH EXLOGLQJ 6WRQH 6WXGZDOO /RDG EHDULQJ &/7
D
E
F
$
%
&
80
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
ADS 5
INTERNAL STRUCTURE IN STONE
6WUXFWXUDO SODQ IRU VWRQH FDYLW\ ZDOOV & DFFRXQWLQJ IRU DOO YHUWLFDO SULPDU\ HOHPHQW FRPSDUHG WR LQWHUQDO SDUWLWLRQ ZDOOV UHG OLQH
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
:LWK DOO H[WHUQDO ZDOOV EHLQJ ORDG EHDULQJ VWRQH FDYLW\ ZDOOV WKH LQWHUQDO VWUXFWXUDO ZDOOV DUH OLPLWHG WR WKH FHQWUDO FRUULGRU ZKHUH &/7 VSDQ EHWZHHQ WKH PD[LPXP GLVWDQFH RI PHWUHV UHGXFLQJ WKH DPRXQW RI VWUFXWXUDO ZDOOV EHWZHHQ IODWV
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
2SWLRQ & LV D UHVXOW GHULYHG IURP WKH WZR SUHYLRXV RSWLRQV ZKHUH WKH DPRXQW RI PDWHULDO RI VWRQH LV PRVW MXVWLILHG QRW ZDVWLQJ WKH PDVV QRU GLPLQLVKLQJ LW EXW PDNLQJ LW ORDG EHDULQJ WR WKH EXLOGLQJ ,QWHUQDO SDUWLWLRQ ZDOOV ZRXOG RQO\ KDYH WR IXOILOO WKH QHHGV IRU VRXQG LQVXODWLRQ DQG GLYLGLQJ OD\RXWV HUHFWHG LQ WLPEHU VWXGV ZKLOVW VWRQH FDYLW\ ZDOOV LQWHUQDOO\ DQG H[WHUQDOO\ DGG ZHLJKW WR DQG EUDFH WKH EXLOGLQJ
7ZR W\SHV RI LQWHUQDO ZDOOV ORDG EHDULQJ VWRQH FDYLW\ ZDOOV ZLWK DFRXVWLF LQVXODWLRQ DQG WLPEHU VWXG ZDOO DV SDUWLWLRQV WKLFNQHVV WR EH LQFUHDVHG IRU SDUW\ ZDOOV
81
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
3.0 CARBON COPIES
MATERIAL STUDIES STONE
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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
82
/DWH WK DQG HDUO\ WK FHQWXU\ LQQRYDWLRQV LQ VWHHO DQG FRQFUHWH IUDPHV QR ORQJHU UHTXLUHG WKH YLVLEOH PDVRQU\ WR EH ORDG EHDULQJ OHDYLQJ LW IUHH WR EHFRPH D VHOI VXSSRUWLQJ IDoDGH WLHG EDFN WR D IUDPH EHFRPLQJ WKLQQHU VWLOO DQG VXSSRUWHG E\ VKHOYHV DW DOO IORRU OHYHOV 7KHVH LQFUHPHQWDO LQQRYDWLRQV DQG UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU EHWWHU WKHUPDO ILUH DQG ZDWHUSURRILQJ SHUIRUPDQFH KDYH JUDGXDOO\ FUHDWHG DQ RYHUO\ FRPSOH[ EXLOGLQJ V\VWHP WKDW KDV EHFRPH QRUPDOLVHG IRU EXLOGLQJV RI DOO VFDOHV
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
7\SHV RI 6WRQH
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
0DQ\ W\SHV RI VWRQHV DUH DYDLODEOH VXFK DV EDVDOW PDUEOH OLPHVWRQH VDQGVWRQH TXDUW]LWH WUDYHUWLQH VODWH JQHLVV ODWHULWH DQG JUDQLWH ZKLFK FDQ EH XVHG DV FRQVWUXFWLRQ PDWHULDOV 7KH VWRQHV XVHG IRU EXLOGLQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQ VKRXOG EH KDUG GXUDEOH WRXJK DQG VKRXOG EH IUHH IURP ZHDWKHUHG VRIW SDWFKHV RI PDWHULDO FUDFNV DQG RWKHU GHIHFWV WKDW DUH UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH UHGXFWLRQ RI VWUHQJWK DQG GXUDELOLW\ 6WRQHV IRU FRQVWUXFWLRQ SXUSRVHV DUH REWDLQHG E\ TXDUU\LQJ IURP VROLG PDVVLYH URFNV
%DVDOW 6WRQH ZDV FKRVHQ IRU DOO VFKHPHV GXH WR LWV OLJKW UHG FRORXU ZKLFK UHVHPEOHV WKH FRORXU RI EULFN ,W ZDV DOVR FKRVHQ GXH WR LWV VWUHQJWK ZKLFK DOORZV IRU VPDOOHU WKLFNQHVVHV WR EH XVHG WR DFKLHYH VWUXFWXUDO VWDELOLW\
83
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
3.0 CARBON COPIES
PROPOSALS CARBON COPY 1 SELF STANDING STONE AND CLT 6JG ƒTUV KPXGUVKICVKQP NQQMGF CV FGXGNQRKPI VJG GZKUVKPI FGUKIP VQ GZRNQTG PGY CPF OQTG UWUVCKPCDNG OCVGTKCNU UWEJ CU %.6 UVWF YCNNU CPF UVQPG 6JG ƒTUV RTQRQUCN aims to change the design to into a post and lintel self standing stone facade that would connect to an interior stud wall and CLT floor and wall structure. The facade structure here is separated from the interior structure, where each work stand on its own.
84
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
Case Studies Baretts Grove - Groupwork This case study utilises self standing bricks where the double-stacked and openbond of brickwork shows that the envelope is not load bearing, but a screen enveloping the whole facade.
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
115%
21% IN EMBODIED CARBON
IN PROJECT COST
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
85
86 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
PLAN
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
87
)ORRU 3ODQ &DUERQ &RS\
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 88
SECTION DETAILS
PP %DVDOW
PP $LU *DS
PP 7KHPDO ,QVXODWLRQ
:DOO 7LHV
6WXG :DOOV
%UDFNHW &RQQHFWLRQV
PP 3ODVWHUERDUG
PP &/7 )ORRUV
PP $FRXVWLF ,QVXODWLRQ
PP )ORRU %RDUGV
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
89
90 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
91
'HWDLO )ORRU 3ODQ &DUERQ &RS\
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
92 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
AXONOMETRIC
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
93
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 94
115%
21%
IN EMBODIED CARBON
IN PROJECT COST
EMBODIED CARBON ANALYSIS 0$7(5,$/
(/(0(17
92/80( 0
(0%2',(' &$5%21 .*&2 ( 0
$OXPLQLXP )UDPH 3RZGHU &RDWHG
(QYHORSH
*DOYDQLVHG 6WHHO
)L[LQJV
&URVV /DPLQDWHG 7LPEHU
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
3O\ZRRG
)LW 2XW
7KHUPDFRUN ,QVXODWLRQ
(QYHORSH
%DVDOW
(QYHORSH
)ODW *ODVV
(QYHORSH
9DSRXU %DUULHU
(QYHORSH
TOTAL
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
COST ANALYSIS
(/(0(17
$02817
&267
$OXPLQLXP
(QYHORSH
NJ
*DOYDQLVHG 6WHHO
)L[LQJV
P
%DVDOW
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
P
7KHUPDFRUN ,QVXODWLRQ
(QYHORSH
P
&/7
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
P
3O\ZRRG
)LW 2XW
P
9(/)$& :LQGRZ
(QYHORSH
P
9DSRXU %DUULHU
(QYHORSH
P
TOTAL TOTAL (WITH ADDED COSTS)
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
0$7(5,$/
95
96 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
RENDERED AXONOMETRIC
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
97
98 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
EXTERIOR - EXISTING
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
EXTERIOR - PROPOSED
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
99
100 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
INTERIOR - EXISTING
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
INTERIOR - PROPOSED
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
101
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
CARBON COPY 2 STONE VENEER AND CLT STRUCTURE The second proposal for the envelope suggests a stone or slate veneer / cladding to replace the bricks currently in the exisitng building. The envelope is entirely dependent on the secondary structures behind them, that is carried by the primary load-beaing structures.
102
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
Slate used to be the most important building material in Scotland with over 80 quarries, the material is a kind of metamorphic rock (most commmon example DGKPI OCTDNG UQWTEGF NQECNN[ CPF WUGF OCKPN[ CU TQQƒPI OCVGTKCN KV KU C ũHQWPFŪ material that would not requiring synthesising but cutting into appropriate forms and shapes. ,PSURYLQJ RQ PLQLPLVLQJ VWRQH XVH 7KH SUHYLRXV SURSRVDO RI VHOI VWDQGLQJ VWRQH DOUHDG\ UHTXLUHV D VWXGZDOO IRUPHG E\ ZLQGSRVWV WR HQFORVH WKH URRP DQG FDUU\ WKH LQVXODWLRQV DV ZHOO DV QHFHVVDU\ ZDWHUSURRILQJ OD\HUV 7KLV RSWLRQ FRQVLGHUV WKDW WKH DPRXQW RI VWRQH GHVSLWH WKHLU PLQLPLVHG FDUERQ IRRWSULQW FDQ EH IXUWKHU UHGXFHG DV LW EHFRPHV D IRUP RI FODGGLQJ WKDW GRHV QRW HYHQ FDUU\ LWV RZQ IRUFHV EXW PHUHO\ D WKLQ ZHDWKHULQJ OD\HU DJDLQVW UDLQ DQG ZLQG
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
121%
12% IN EMBODIED CARBON
IN PROJECT COST
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
103
104 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
PLAN
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
105
)ORRU 3ODQ &DUERQ &RS\
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 106
SECTION DETAILS
PP 6WRQH 9HQHHU
PP $LU *DS
PP 7KHPDO ,QVXODWLRQ
:DOO 7LHV
6WXG :DOOV
%UDFNHW &RQQHFWLRQV
PP 3ODVWHUERDUG
PP &/7 )ORRUV
PP $FRXVWLF ,QVXODWLRQ
PP7LPEHU )ORRUV
ADS 5
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
107
108 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
109
'HWDLO )ORRU 3ODQ &DUERQ &RS\
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
110 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
AXONOMETRIC
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
111
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 112
121%
12%
IN EMBODIED CARBON
IN PROJECT COST
EMBODIED CARBON ANALYSIS 0$7(5,$/
(/(0(17
92/80( 0
(0%2',(' &$5%21 .*&2 ( 0
$OXPLQLXP )UDPH 3RZGHU &RDWHG
(QYHORSH
*DOYDQLVHG 6WHHO
)L[LQJV
&URVV /DPLQDWHG 7LPEHU
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
3O\ZRRG
)LW 2XW
7KHUPDFRUN ,QVXODWLRQ
(QYHORSH
%DVDOW
(QYHORSH
)ODW *ODVV
(QYHORSH
9DSRXU %DUULHU
(QYHORSH
3ODVWHUERDUG
)LW 2XW
TOTAL
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
COST ANALYSIS
(/(0(17
$02817
&267
$OXPLQLXP
(QYHORSH
NJ
*DOYDQLVHG 6WHHO
)L[LQJV
P
%DVDOW
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
P
3ODVWHUERDUG
)LW 2XW
P
7KHUPDFRUN ,QVXODWLRQ
(QYHORSH
P
&/7
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
P
3O\ZRRG
)LW 2XW
P
9(/)$& :LQGRZ
(QYHORSH
P
9DSRXU %DUULHU
(QYHORSH
P
TOTAL TOTAL (WITH ADDED COSTS)
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
0$7(5,$/
113
114 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
RENDERED AXONOMETRIC
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
115
116 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
EXTERIOR - EXISTING
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
EXTERIOR - PROPOSED
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
117
118 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
INTERIOR - EXISTING
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
INTERIOR - PROPOSED
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
119
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
CARBON COPY 3 STRUCTURAL STONE The previous proposals require an interior load bearing structure to enclose the TQQO CPF ECTT[ VJG KPUWNCVKQPU CU YGNN CU PGEGUUCT[ YCVGTRTQQƒPI NC[GTU 6JG ƒPCN KPXGUVKICVKQP GZRNQTGU VJG RQVGPVKCN QH KPEQTRQTCVKPI VJG UVQPG HCECFG KPVQ the structural performance of the building.By depositing the structural load on the structural stone facade, it is anticipated that the amount of primary load-bearing structures of mass timber is eliminated, yet still an improvement to carbon footprint as amount of metal and plasterboard required is reduced.
120
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
Case Studies Perraudin Architecture recently completed a stone house in Lyon.The building is entirely built up in load-bearing limestone walls of 40 cm. Precise coursing elevations FGƒPG GCEJ UVQPG VQ DG GZVTCEVGF FKOGPUKQPGF CPF PWODGTGF KP VJG SWCTT[ CPF then transported to the site. There, they are assembled using nothing but a thin bed of lime mortar.
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
106%
24%
IN EMBODIED CARBON
IN PROJECT COST
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 121
The work of Fernand Pouillon focused on the reutilisation of stone in construction during post-war urbanism and the modernism.
122 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
PLAN
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
123
*) ) )ORRU 3ODQ &DUERQ &RS\
124 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
125
) ) )ORRU 3ODQ &DUERQ &RS\
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 126
SECTION DETAILS
PP %DVDOW
PP $LU *DS
PP 7KHUPDO ,QVXODWLRQ
PP %DVDOW
6WHHO &DEOH 5HLQIRUFHPHQW
:DOO 7LHV
6WHHO %UDFNHW
0RUWDU
PP $FRXVWLF ,QVXODWLRQ
PP 7LPEHU )ORRUERDUG
PP &URVV /DPLQDWHG 7LPEHU )ORRUV
ADS 5
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
127
128 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
129
'HWDLO )ORRU 3ODQ &DUERQ &RS\
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
130 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
AXONOMETRIC
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
131
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 132
106%
24%
IN EMBODIED CARBON
IN PROJECT COST
EMBODIED CARBON ANALYSIS 0$7(5,$/
(/(0(17
92/80( 0
(0%2',(' &$5%21 .*&2 ( 0
$OXPLQLXP )UDPH 3RZGHU &RDWHG
(QYHORSH
*DOYDQLVHG 6WHHO
)L[LQJV
6WHHO &DEOHV
)L[LQJV
&URVV /DPLQDWHG 7LPEHU
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
3O\ZRRG
)LW 2XW
7KHUPDFRUN ,QVXODWLRQ
(QYHORSH
%DVDOW
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
)ODW *ODVV
(QYHORSH
9DSRXU %DUULHU
(QYHORSH
TOTAL
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
COST ANALYSIS
(/(0(17
$02817
&267
*DOYDQLVHG 6WHHO
)L[LQJV
P
%DVDOW
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
P
7KHUPDFRUN ,QVXODWLRQ
(QYHORSH
P
&/7
6XSHUVWUXFWXUH
P
3O\ZRRG
)LW 2XW
P
9(/)$& :LQGRZ
(QYHORSH
P
9DSRXU %DUULHU
(QYHORSH
P
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE
133
TOTAL TOTAL (WITH ADDED COSTS)
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
0$7(5,$/
134 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
RENDERED AXONOMETRIC
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
135
136 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
EXTERIOR - EXISTING
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
EXTERIOR - PROPOSED
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
137
138 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
INTERIOR - EXISTING
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
INTERIOR - PROPOSED
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
139
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
3.0 CARBON COPIES
OPERATIONAL CARBON
OVERVIEW
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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
140
7KLV VHFWLRQV ORRNV DW YDULRXV FKDQJHV WKDW FDQ EH PDGH WR WKH GHVLJQ RI WKH .LQJV &URVV 5 &RPPHUFLDO DQG 5HVLGHQWLDO 'HYHORSPHQW WKDW FDQ DLG LQ UHGXFLQJ WKH RYHUDOO RSHUDWLRQDO FDUERQ DQG KHQFH :/& RI WKH W\SRORJ\
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
141
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
HEATING
142
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
,PSURYLQJ )DEULF 8 9DOXHV
)$%5,& (/(0(17
(;,67,1* 8 9$/8( : P .
352326(' 8 9$/8( : P .
:DOOV
)ORRU
5RRI
:LQGRZV
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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¶V WKLFNQHVV LV FKDQJHG IURP RQH SURSRVDO WR WKH QH[W ZKHUH VWUXFWXUDO DQG IDFLQJ PDWHULDOV DUH FKRVHQ IRU WKHLU HPERGLHG FDUERQ FRQWHQW WR HQVXUH DQ HTXDO 8 YDOXH RI DOO WKUHH SURSRVDOV WKDW DGKHUH WR WKH /(7, JXLGH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV
143
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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µWKDW FRQGLWLRQ RI WKH PLQG WKDW H[SUHVVHV FRPIRUW ZLWK WKH WKHUPDO HQYLURQPHQW¶ +RZHYHU DV HDFK RI XV KDV D YHU\ GLIIHUHQW LGHD RI ZKDW EHLQJ WRR KRW RU WRR FROG PHDQV FUHDWLQJ D VLPSOH WKUHVKROG FRPIRUW OHYHO LV YLUWXDOO\ LPSRVVLEOH 2WKHU YDULDEOHV DOVR QHHG WR EH WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH DELOLW\ RI DQ RFFXSDQW WR FKDQJH FORWKLQJ DQG RSHQ ZLQGRZV WKH DYDLODELOLW\ RI FRROHU URRPV DQG WKH YXOQHUDELOLW\ RI DQ RFFXSDQW ZLOO DOO KDYH DQ LQIOXHQFH RQ DQ LQGLYLGXDO¶V WKHUPDO FRPIRUW 7KLV FUHDWHV D SUREOHP IRU WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG SURSHUW\ LQGXVWU\ 2YHUKHDWLQJ ULVN LV FXUUHQWO\ DVVHVVHG XVLQJ GLIIHUHQW FULWHULD IURP RQH EXLOGLQJ WR DQRWKHU
144
2QH RI WKH PDQ\ ULVNV WKLV LVVXH SRVHV LV WKH QHHG IRU LQFUHDVHG DFFHVV WR FRROLQJ DQG YHQWLODWLRQ PHWKRGV LQ WKH IXWXUH ,Q WKH IXWXUH KRPHV PD\ VLPSO\ EH XQLQKDELWDEOH RU DW WKH YHU\ OHDVW WKH\ ZLOO UHTXLUH YHU\ H[SHQVLYH UHWURILWWLQJ
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
GLAZING
,Q WHUPV RI FRVW 9(/)$& ZLQGRZV ZRXOG FRVW OHVV WKDW WKH H[LVWLQJ 5H\QDHUV DOXPLQLXP ZLQGRZV ZLWK DQ HVWLPDWHG FRVW RI *%3 P FRPSDWHG WR DQ H[LVWLQJ HVWLPDWHG FRVW RI *%3 P
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
9(/)$& FRPSRVLWH ZLQGRZV VKRZQ LQ WKH ILJXUH EHORZ ZLOO EH XVHG 7KHVH DOORZ IRU WKH GXUDELOLW\ DQG YHUVDWLOLW\ RI DOXPLQLXP DQG WKH VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RI QDWXUDO ZRRG $OXPLQLXP LV ERWK KLJKO\ GXUDEOH DQG ORZ PDLQWHQDQFH HQVXULQJ WKH ZLQGRZV ZLOO ODVW \HDUV RU PRUH 7KH ZRRG IUDPH FRQWULEXWHV WR JUHDW HQHUJ\ SHUIRUPDQFH ZLWK 8 YDOXHV DV ORZ DV : PñN
145
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
GLAZING
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
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
146
7KH G\QDPLF WLQWLQJ UHVXOWV GLUHFWO\ IURP UDGLDQW VRODU HQHUJ\ EXW FRXOG DOVR EH GXH WR LQGLUHFW WKHUPDO H[FKDQJH VXFK DV FRQGXFWLRQ RU FRQYHFWLRQ IURP DGMDFHQW EXLOGLQJ PDWHULDOV VXFK DV WKH JODVV LWVHOI RU IURP EULFNV VSDFHUV RU WKH PHWDOOLF IUDPH DIWHU WKH\ KDYH EHHQ KHDWHG E\ WKH VXQ
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
$ WULSOH JOD]HG XQLW W\SLFDOO\ FRPSULVHV
7KH IURQW SLHFH RI JODVV LV QHHGHG DV D ZLQG EDUULHU 7KH EDFN SLHFH RI ORZ ( FRDWHG JODVV NHHSV WKH KHDW ZKLFK LV UHWDLQHG LQ WKH WKHUPRFKURPLF OD\HU IURP UH UDGLDWLQJ WR WKH LQWHULRU RI WKH EXLOGLQJ 6LQJOH JOD]HG ZLQGRZV DOORZLQJ IRU IUDPHV 8 9DOXH : Pñĉ. 'RXEOH JOD]HG ZLQGRZV DOORZLQJ IRU IUDPHV 8 9DOXH : Pñĉ. 7ULSOH JOD]HG ZLQGRZV DOORZLQJ IRU IUDPHV 8 9DOXH : Pñĉ.
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
D IURQW VKHHW RI JODVV D JDV VSDFH ILOOHG ZLWK DLU DUJRQ RU NU\SWRQ WKH WKHUPRFKURPLF OD\HU DQRWKHU JDV VSDFH DQG D EDFN ORZ ( FRDWHG VKHHW RI JODVV
7ULSOH JOD]LQJ FDQ DLG LQ UHGXFLQJ KHDW ORVV WKURXJK WKH ZLQGRZV WKXV UHGXFLQJ KHDWLQJ FRVWV 0RUHRYHU WKHUPRFKURPLF VPDUW JODVV KDV FOHDU EHQHILWV LQ UHGXFLQJ VRODU KHDW JDLQ LQWR EXLOGLQJV UHGXFLQJ DLU FRQGLWLRQLQJ FRVWV DQG FRQWULEXWLQJ WR µQHW ]HUR¶ FRQVWUXFWLRQ 6LQFH WKH WUDQVPLWWDQFH LQ WKH GDUN VWDWH LV DURXQG WKH PDUN WKH YLHZ WR WKH RXWVLGH ZRUOG LV PDLQWDLQHG EXW JODUH LV DOVR UHGXFHG Comparison Study P RI D GRXEOH JOD]HG ZLQGRZ ZLOO DFKLHYH D 8 YDOXH RI : P . DW D FDUERQ FRVW RI NJ&2 H P RI D WULSOH JOD]HG ZLQGRZ ZLOO DFKLHYH D 8 YDOXH RI : P . DW D FDUERQ FRVW RI NJ&2 H 7KLV GHPRQVWUDWHV WKDW WULSOH JOD]LQJ KDV VXSHULRU LQVXODWLYH SHUIRUPDQFH DW D JLYHQ WKLFNQHVV EXW DW WKH FRVW RI KLJKHU HPERGLHG FDUERQ LQFUHDVHG E\
147
148 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
4 FINDINGS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
149
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
4.0 FINDINGS
COMPARISONS 7KH WDEOH EHORZ FRPSDUHV WKH FRQGLWLRQV RI WKH H[LVWLQJ EXLOGLQJ WR WKH FRQGLWLRQV RI DOO WKUHH FDUERQ FRS\ SURSRVDOV SUHVHQWHG
,1)250$7,21
(;,67,1* &21',7,216
&$5%21 &2 6(/) 67$1',1
(19(/23(
%ULFNV
6HOI 6WDQGLQJ
,17(5,25 /2$'%($5,1* :$//6
5HLQIRUFHG &RQFUHWH
&URVV /DPLQDWH
,17(5,25 )/2256
5HLQIRUFHG &RQFUHWH
&URVV /DPLQDWH
(0%2',(' &$5%21
NJ&2 H
N
&267
*%3
%(1(),76
150
'5$:%$&.6
7KH IDFDGH V\VWHP LV WKH PDLQ VWUXFWXUH UHGX WKLFNQHVV )ROORZV EXLOGLQJ UHJXODWLRQV DW WKH WLPH RI 5HSODFLQJ RI EULFNV FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZLWK UHJDUGV WR VXVWDLQDELOLW\ LQWHQVLYH LQ SURGXFWLRQ 5HSODFLQJ RI FRQFU 7KHUPDO PDVV 'XUDEOH $ EULFN W\SLFDOO\ KDV D XVHIXO OLIH RI HOHPHQWV ZLWK PDVV WL /HVV (& DQG FRVW WKDQ W \HDUV RU PRUH &RQVWUXFWLRQ WLPH FDQ 7UXVWHG E\ WKH PDUNHW WKH EULFN OD\LQJ RSWLRQ /DWHUDO VWDELOLW\ WR EH SUR DQG ZHLJKW RI VWRQH
+LJK HPERGLHG FDUERQ HPLVVLRQV +LJK FRVWV
6WRQH GRHV QRW DLG WKH FDQ LW EH LQWHJUDWHG" 6WRQH ZLOO QHHG WR EH FD WR WKH RULJLQDO EXLOGLQJ DQG WLPH OHVV ODERXU FRVW PHWDO FRQQHFWLRQV ZLOO ZLOO OHDG WR DGGHG HPE FRXOG EH DYRLGHG
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
&$5%21 &23< 6721( 9(1((5
&$5%21 &23< 6758&785$/ 6721(
J 6WRQH
6WRQH 9HQHHU
6WUXFWXUDO 6WRQH
HG 7LPEHU
&URVV /DPLQDWHG 7LPEHU
6WRQH
HG 7LPEHU
&URVV /DPLQDWHG 7LPEHU
&URVV /DPLQDWHG 7LPEHU
NJ&2 H
NJ&2 H
NJ&2 H
*%3
*%3
*%3
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
23< 1* 6721(
LQGHSHQGHQW IURP XFLQJ ORDG DQG ZDOO ZKLFK LV HQHUJ\ /HVV &/7 ORZHULQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQ FRVWV ZLWK VWRQH 5HGXFHG FRVW RI PDWHULDO LQ WHUPV RI VWRQH 8WLOLVLQJ H[WHULRU DV D ORDG EHDULQJ VWUXFWXUH UHWH ORDG EHDULQJ WKLFNQHVV ,QFUHDVLQJ WKHUPDO PDVV PEHU 1R VHFRQGDU\ VWHHO OHVV IL[LQJV WKH RULJLQDO GHVLJQ EH UHGXFHG IURP RYLGHG E\ WKH PDVV
151
LQWHULRU VWUXFWXUH GU\ DVHPEO\ EHWWHU WLPH )L[LQJV FRPSOH[LW\ LQFUHDVHV ODERXU FRVW UYHG WR ORRN VLPLODU LQ DVVHPE\ PRUH ODERXU FRVWV VHFRQGDU\ VWHHO ZRUN 3ODVWHUERDUGV %XLOGLQJ LV OHVV FDUERQ QHJDWLYH LQFUHDVHG ZHLJKW RI FOW VWUXFWXUH VWDELOLW\ EH QHHGHG WKLV 6KHDU ZDOOV VL]H QHHG WR EH LQFUHDVHG WR ERGLHG FDUERQ WKDQ KROG WKH IDFDGH FRQWUDU\ WR VHOI VWDQGLQJ VWRQH
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
4.0 FINDINGS
OVERALL SAVINGS EMBODIED CARBON
8000000 7000000
EMBODIED CARBON / KGCO2E
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
6000000 5000000 4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 0 -1000000 -2000000 EXISTING
CARBON COPY 1
CARBON COPY 2
CARBON COPY 3
0
EMBODIED CARBON / KGCO2E
-200000 -400000 -600000 -800000 -1000000 -1200000 -1400000 -1600000
152
-1800000 CARBON COPY 1
CARBON COPY 2
CARBON COPY 3
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
COST
4000000 40000000 3500000 35000000 3000000 30000000 2500000 25000000
1500000 15000000 1000000 10000000 500000 5000000 00 EXISTING
CARBON COPY 1
CARBON COPY 2
CARBON COPY 3
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
2000000 20000000
40000000 20000000 3000000 35000000 19800000 2900000 30000000 19600000 2800000 25000000 19400000 2700000 20000000 19200000 2600000 15000000 19000000 2500000 10000000 18800000 2400000 5000000 18600000 2300000 18400000 22000000 CARBON COPY 2
CARBON COPY 3
153
CARBON COPY 1
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
4.0 FINDINGS
EMBODIED CARBON
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ANALYSIS
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
154
'XH WR WKH &/7 DQG SO\ZRRG PDWHULDOV XVHG LQ DOO WKUHH SURSRVDOV WKH\ DOO SUHVHQW D FKDQFH IRU D QHJDWLYH FDUERQ EXLOGLQJ VFKHPH
ADS 5
4.0 FINDINGS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
COST
ANALYSIS 7KLV VHFWLRQ IRFXVHV RQ WKH FKDQJHV LQ WKH RYHUDOO HQYHORSH FRVW FDOFXODWLRQV GHPRQVWUDWHG LQ 6HFWLRQ 7KH DLP RI GHYHORSLQJ D FKHDSHU VROXWLRQ ZDV DFKHLYHG LQ DOO WKUHH &DUERQ &RSLHV H[SORUHG 7KH RULJLQDO FRQGLWLRQV ZHUH FDOFXDOWHG WR KDYH D FRVW RI )ROORZLQJ WKH FKDQJHG PDGH LQ WKH ILUVW FDUERQ FRS\ WKLV FRVW ZDV FDOFXODWHG WR KDYH D UHGXFWLRQ MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
7KH VHFRQG FDUERQ FRS\ ZKLOH LW GRHV DFKLHYH ORZHU HPERGLHG FDUERQ YDOXHV GRHV FRVW PRUH WKDQ WKH ILUVW FDUERQ FRS\ ZLWK DQ RYHUDOO GHFUHDVH RI ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR WKH RULJLQDO VFKHPH 7KLV GXH WR WKH LQFUHDVHG UHTXLUHPHQW IRU PHWDO IL[LQJV SODVWHUERDUG DQG &/7 WR VXSSRUW WKH IDFDGH 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKH WKLUG FDUERQ FRS\ LV WKH FKHDSHVW ,W FRVWV OHVV WKDQ WKH VHFRQG FDUERQ FRS\ DQG OHVV WKDQ WKH H[LVWLQJ FRQGLWLRQV
TOTAL MATERIAL USED / KG
AMOUNT OF FOUNDATION REQUIRED
CONSTRUCTION DELIVERY
29(5$// &2676 *%3
EXISTING CONDITIONS
STONE
CLT
CONCRETE
0$7(5,$/ 35,&( 0
155
156 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
4.0 FINDINGS
CARBON COPY 1
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
BENEFITS 7KH IDFDGH V\VWHP LV LQGHSHQGHQW IURP WKH PDLQ VWUXFWXUH UHGXFLQJ ORDG DQG ZDOO WKLFNQHVV 5HSODFLQJ RI EULFNV ZKLFK LV HQHUJ\ LQWHQVLYH LQ SURGXFWLRQ ZLWK VWRQH 5HSODFLQJ RI FRQFUHWH ORDG EHDULQJ HOHPHQWV ZLWK PDVV WLPEHU /HVV (& DQG FRVW WKDQ WKH RULJLQDO GHVLJQ &RQVWUXFWLRQ WLPH FDQ EH UHGXFHG IURP WKH EULFN OD\LQJ RSWLRQ /DWHUDO VWDELOLW\ WR EH SURYLGHG E\ WKH PDVV DQG ZHLJKW RI VWRQH
FKDQJLQJ WKH RYHUDOO GHVLJQ RU IXQFWLRQ RI WKH VSDFHV
DRAWBACKS 6WRQH GRHV QRW DLG WKH LQWHULRU VWUXFWXUH FDQ LW EH LQWHJUDWHG" 6WRQH ZLOO QHHG WR EH FDUYHG WR ORRN VLPLODU WR WKH RULJLQDO EXLOGLQJ PRUH ODERXU FRVWV DQG WLPH /HVV ODERXU FRVW PHWDO FRQQHFWLRQV ZLOO EH QHHGHG WKLV ZLOO OHDG WR DGGHG HPERGLHG FDUERQ WKDQ FRXOG EH DYRLGHG
157
158 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
4.0 FINDINGS
CARBON COPY 2
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
BENEFITS 5HGXFHG FRVW RI PDWHULDO LQ WHUPV RI VWRQH WKLFNQHVV
DRAWBACKS 'U\ DVHPEO\ EHWWHU WLPH )L[LQJV FRPSOH[LW\ LQFUHDVHV ODERXU FRVW LQ DVVHPE\ VHFRQGDU\ VWHHO ZRUN 3ODVWHUERDUGV LQFUHDVHG ZHLJKW RI FOW VWUXFWXUH VWDELOLW\ 6KHDU ZDOOV VL]H QHHG WR EH LQFUHDVHG WR KROG WKH IDFDGH FRQWUDU\ WR VHOI VWDQGLQJ VWRQH
159
160 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
4.0 FINDINGS
CARBON COPY 3
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
BENEFITS /HVV &/7 ORZHULQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQ FRVWV 8WLOLVLQJ H[WHULRU DV D ORDG EHDULQJ VWUXFWXUH ,QFUHDVLQJ WKHUPDO PDVV 1R VHFRQGDU\ VWHHO OHVV IL[LQJV
DRAWBACKS %XLOGLQJ LV OHVV FDUERQ QHJDWLYH
161
ADS 5
CONCLUSIONS
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
4.0 FINDINGS
Primary
9ROXPH RI &/7
9ROXPH RI 6WRQH
&&
P
P
&&
P
P
&&
P
P
162
2ULJLQDO
9ROXPH RI &RQFUHWH
9ROXPH RI %ULFNV
P
P
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
&RPSDULQJ WKH WRWDO FDUERQ IRRWSULQW DQG FRVW DV EHORZ LW FDQ EH VHHQ WKDW EDVHG RQ WKH FXUUHQW FDOFXODWLRQV WKH EHVW FDUERQ IRRWSULQW DFKLHYHG LV LQ WKH VHFRQG VFKHPH 7KLV VFKHPH KRZHYHU ZDV DOVR IRXQG WR EH WKH PRUH H[SHQVLYH 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKH ILUVW DQG WKLUG VFKHPHV ZHUH IRXQG WR EH YHU\ FORVH LQ FRVW *%3 GLIIHUHQFH +RZHYHU WKH ILUVW VFKHPH GLG VHHP WR KDYH D PRUH QHJDWLYH IRRWSULQW DWWULEXWHG WR LWV LQFUHDVHG XVH RI &/7 DV D EXLOGLQJ PDWHULDO
Secondary
Results
6WXGZDOO
)L[LQJV
&DUERQ )RRWSULQW
&RVW
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
5HJDUGLQJ WKH FRVW LW LV LPSRUWDQW WR QRWH WKDW WKHVH UHVXOWV ZLOO QRW EH HQWLUHO\ DFFXUDWH DV LW GRHV QRW WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW WKH FRVW RI SUHOLPHUDULHV LQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ WKH FRVW RI ODERXU RU WKH WLPH WDNHQ WR FRPSOHWH WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ /LWHUDWXUH UHYLHZ KDV IRXQG WKDW ZLWK &/7 IORRUV DGGHG LQ H[FKDQJH RI FRQFUHWH RQHV D IXUWKHU SHUFHQWDJH UHGXFWLRQ RI FDQ EH DFKLHYHG 7KXV LQ FRPSDULVRQ LW LV EHOLHYHG WKDW &DUERQ &RSLHV DQG VKRXOG DFKLHYH ORZHU FRVWV
163
164 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
5 FURTHER APPLICATIONS FOR TYPOLOY
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
165
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
5.0 FURTHER APPLICATIONS FOR TYPOLOGY
BACKGROUND
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
OVERALL APPLICATION 7KLV VHFWLRQ ORRNV LQWR WKH .LQJV &URVV GHYHORSPHQW PDVWHUSODQ LQ WHUPV RI LWV RYHUDOO EXLOGLQJ XVHV DV ZHOO DV XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH H[LVWLQJ EXLOGLQJ PHWKRGRORJLHV :H ZDQW WR GLVFHUQ RXWVLGH RI RXU FDVH VWXG\ EXLOGLQJ 5 KRZ UHOHYDQW WKH SURSRVDOV FRXOG EH DSSOLHG HTXDOO\ WR WKH EXLOGLQJV EXLOW DW WKH VDPH SHULRG RI WLPH LQ UHJDUGV WR WKHLU XVHV DQG IRUPV
LAND-USE $PRQJ WKH GHYHORSPHQW SODQ DOO WKH QHZO\ EXLOW UHVLGHQWLDO ODQG XVH H[FHSW VLWH ( DUH PLG ULVH XUEDQ EORFNV RI PHWUHV RU DERYH 7KH\ DUH RI GLIIHUHQW IORRU DUHDV DQG KDYH HDFK D GLIIHUHQW YLVXDO H[SUHVVLRQ
166
$SDUW IURP WKDW KDOI RI WKH EXLOLQJV DUH RIILFH VSDFHV DQG WKH UHVW UHWDLO DQG LQVWLWXWLRQDO VSDFHV WKHVH GLIIHUHQW XVHV GHPDQG D GLIIHUHQW W\SRORJ\ DQG KHQFH DUH OHVV UHOHYDQW WR RXU SURSRVDOV \HW LQIRUPV XV RI WKH OHYHO RI VXVWDLQDELOLW\ DQG WKH PRUH FRPPRQ PRGH RI SUDFWLFH LQ WKH VDPH FRQWH[W
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
2IILFH 6SDFH 5HWDLO &XOWXUDO ,QVWLWXWLRQDO
5 6LWH
167
ADS 5
5.0 FURTHER APPLICATIONS FOR TYPOLOGY
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
APPLICATION
Floor area (m2)
Storeys
Total Floor Area
Construction Material for Concrete (m3) = FA*0.2 + FA*0.3*2.5
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
Office 18166
9
163494
155319
13370
6
80220
76209
9554
9
85986
81687
16200
11
178200
169290
4803
12
57636
54754
4281
14
59934
56937
2241
5
11205
10645
Retail 1260
4
5040
4788
1348
3
4044
3842
10902
2
21804
20714
8833
2
17666
16783
603
3
1809
1719
1036
2
2072
1968
12
51396
48826
4283
Institutional 22656
6
135936
129139
3351
10
33510
31835
1556
2
3112
2956
Residential
'DWD IRU QHZ EXLOGLQJ XVHV DQG PDWHULDO FRQVWUXFWLRQ LQ .LQJ¶V &URVV UHGHYHORSPHQW +LJKOLJKWHG DUH WKH EXLOGLQJV LQ FRQFUHWH DQG WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH YROXPH RI PDWHULDO WDNLQJ YHUWLFDO HOHPHQWV DV RI IORRU DUHD
1087
7
7609
7229
3527
10
35270
33507
5195
11
57145
54288
4992
14
69888
66394
2902
8
23216
22055
3372
10
33720
32034
11698
13
152074
144470
168
1038569
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
SCALE: R5 AS A MICROCOSM OF USE OF CONCRETE FRAME 2XU FDVH VWXG\ EXLOGLQJ UHSUHVHQWV RQH RI WKH PRVW GRPLQDQW W\SRORJ\ LQ WKH EXLOGLQJ LQGXVWU\ EHLQJ WKH FRQFUHWH IUDPH ,Q WKH QHZ .LQJ¶V &URVV UHGHYHORSPHQW DORQH RYHU RI WKH GHYHORSPHQWV DUH EXLOW LQ VXFK ZD\ DQG LQ PDWHULDO WHUPV DFFRXQWLQJ IRU DSSURVLPDWHO\ P RI FRQFUHWH
8VH RI FRQFUHWH IUDPH DPRQJVW EXLOGLQJ YROXPHV
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
5HODWLYH SURSRUWLRQV LQ YROXPH RI EXLOGLQJ XVHV LQ .LQJ¶V &URVV UHGHYHORSPHQW UHVSRQGLQJ WR WDEOH
SCALE: AMPLIFICATION OF CARBON REDUCTION 2XU DOWHUQDWLYH SURSRVDOV VXJJHVW WKH XVH RI VWRQH DQG PDVV WLPEHU WR UHSODFH LQ 5 EULFNV DQG FRQFUHWH :KLOVW VR PDQ\ RWKHU EXLOGLQJV DUH EXLOW LQ WKH VLPLODU IDVKLRQ WKH LPSDFW RI RXU SURSRVDOV ZRXOG EH DPSOLILHG H[WHQGHG WR D ODUJHU FRQWH[W ZKHQ RXU DOWHUQDWLYH SURSRVDOV FDQ UHDGLO\ VXEVWLWXWH WKH VWXGLHG W\SRORJ\ RI FRQFUHWH IUDPH EXLOGLQJV QRW MXVW LQ 5 LWVHOI
169
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
&RQVWUXFWLRQ IRU VLWHV 3 DQG 4 SUHGRPLQDQWO\ LQ FRQFUHWH DQG RWKHUZLVH VWHHO IUDPH
%HVLGHV WKH ³FRQYHQWLRQDO´ EXLOGLQJ PDWHULDOV RI FRQFUHWH DQG VWHHO PDVV WLPEHU LV FXUUHQWO\ HPSOR\HG RQO\ LQ WKH WZR VWRUH\ VSRUWV KDOO DV ZHOO DV WKH *RRJOH KHDGTXDUWHUV ZKHUH &/7 IORRU VODEV DUH PDWFKHG ZLWK VWHHO DQG FRQFUHWH
170
.LQJ¶V &URVV 6SRUWV +DOO DW 4 PDGH HQWLUHO\ RXW RI PDVV WLPEHU DQG H[SRVHG LQWHUQDOO\ *RRJOH¶V *4 LQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
CURRENT STATE AND LIMITS 7KH PRGHO RI RXU SURSRVDO XVLQJ PDVV WLPEHU DQG VWRQH FDQQRW EH DSSOLHG GLUHFWO\ ZKHQ FHUWDLQ VXEMHFWLYH HOHPHQWV QHHG WR EH GHOLYHUHG IRU H[DPSOH IRUPV DQG YLVXDO H[SUHVVLRQV <HW WKURXJK RXU SURSRVDO LW LV WR SRVLW WKDW WKHUH FDQ EH PRUH VXVWDLQDEOH ZD\ WR HPXODWH WKH VDPH ODQJXDJH JLYHQ HQRXJK LQYHVWLJDWLRQV
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
&RDO 'URSV <DUG¶V VLJQDWXUH IRUP QHHG WR EH WDLORUHG LI UHSODFHG ZLWK PDVV WLPEHU LW KDV WR EH DFNQRZOHGJHG WKDW WKH ORRNV RI EULFNV DQG SLJPHQWHG SHUFDVW FRQFUHWH ZLOO QRW EH IXOO\ UHFUHDWHG LQ VLWH 7 6
171
172 MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
6 CATALOUGE OF MATERIALS AND METHODS
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
ADS 5
ADS 5
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART
MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS
173
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 174
7KH IROORZLQJ VHFWLRQ LQFOXGHV GHWDLOV RI FRPSRQHPHQW HOHPHQW FRQQHFWLRQV
ADS 5
EXTERNAL WALL TO INTERNAL FLOOR CONNECTION CARBON COPY 1 - SELF STANDING STONE AND CLT
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 175
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 176
EXTERNAL WALL TO INTERNAL FLOOR CONNECTION CARBON COPY 1 - STONE VENEER AND CLT
ADS 5
EXTERNAL WALL TO INTERNAL FLOOR CONNECTION CARBON COPY 3 - STRUCTURAL STONE
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 177
ADS 5 ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 178
INTERNAL WALL TO INTERNAL FLOOR CONNECTION CARBON COPIES 1 AND 2 - CLT
ADS 5
INTERNAL WALL TO INTERNAL FLOOR CONNECTION CARBON COPY 3 - STRUCTURAL STONE AND CLT
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART MID-RISE URBAN BLOCKS 179