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STUDENT BOOK

Name:

Class:

SLLURP

SLLURP summarises the spelling strategies that you can use to learn new words.

Say Say the word carefully and slowly to yourself.

Listen Listen to how each part of the word sounds in sequence.

Look Look at the patterns of letters in the word and the shape of the word.

Understand Understand rules, word meanings and word origins.

Remember Remember all the similar words you can already spell and relate this knowledge to any new word.

Practise Practise writing the word until it is firmly fixed in your long-term memory.

Scope and Sequence

SKILL FOCUS

UNIT Letter patterns Morphology Etymology

Homophones/ Confusing words

Topic words

WORD LIST

1 ge, gi, gy, dge, j genre, geometry, genealogy, gyrate, indulge, grudge, judgement, jubilant, jest, juvenile, junction, hijack, prejudice, adjacent, adjoining

2 -ion: adding to silent e, ve, lve, be corruption, exhibition, exception, restriction, distinction, desperation, cooperation, alliteration, devastation, hallucination, deception, evolution, resolution, revolution, prescription

3 -ion: adding to ss, nd, de, t possession, obsession, extension, suspension, expansion, corrosion, invasion, exclusion, collision, persuasion, provision, admission, submission, inversion, diversion

4 words ending in a vowel sound flee, pursue, statue, venue, cocoa, mosquito, rodeo, eerie, simile, guarantee, refugee, committee, verandah, debut, alibi

5 suffixes homographs: premier, cabinet, minister government government, parliament, cabinet, politician, minister, senator, representatives, governor, premier, opposition, president, election, democracy, monarchy, federal

6 REVISION

7 syn-, sym-, co-, com-, con-, cor-, colme (dimension, immense, diameter, perimeter, thermometer, semester)

synthesise, idiosyncrasy, syndrome, sympathy, symbiotic, symmetry, coherent, cohesive, coincidence, coordinate, accommodate, commotion, compensate, correlate, collaborate

8 optos, athlon, medeor homograph: coach occupations coach, pilot, lifeguard, locksmith, optician, treasurer, choreographer, courier, tutor, sculptor, surgeon, analyst, pharmacist, athlete, paramedic

9 -ity: adding to able, ible durability, probability, acceptability, compatibility, predictability, variability, changeability, irritability, visibility, flexibility, vulnerability, accessibility, invincibility, eligibility, susceptibility

10 affixes: -logy environment environment, rainforest, pollution, greenhouse, climate, recycle, ozone, ecology, irrigation, conservation, deforestation, flora, fauna, sustainable, atmosphere

11 bio-, zoo-, anthropo-, geo-, -graphy terra biology, biography, autobiography, biodegradable, microbe, zoology, zoophobia, anthropology, philanthropy, anthropomorphism, geology, geography, terrace, terrain, terrestrial

12 REVISION

13 ior, ian, iar -ity sen prior, senior, superior, exterior, posterior, deteriorate, median, alliance, valiant, pliant, ruffian, peculiar, plagiarise, matriarch, diarrhoea

14 spek, sequi telescope, periscope, aspect, suspect, auspicious, conspicuous, despise, despicable, spectacle, speculate, sequence, sequel, execute, prosecute, consecutive

15 -ous wondrous, perilous, miraculous, Indigenous, cantankerous, ferocious, gregarious, rebellious, voracious, precarious, instantaneous, spontaneous, righteous, continuous, ambiguous

16 nova, vox, notare, reminisci novel, novelty, novice, innovate, innovation, vocal, vocabulary, advocate, vociferous, invoke, provoke, notice, notify, annotate, reminisce

17 -ic science solution, toxic, method, experiment, acid, alkaline, temperature, evaporate, thermometer, theory, equipment, chemical, microscope, hypothesis, laboratory

18 REVISION

19 -ation, -ition definition, repetition, condemnation, alteration, interpretation, continuation, declaration, cancellation, inflammation, explanation, exclamation, variation, identification, notification, clarification

20 ary, ery, ory -ary, -ery, -ory stationery/ stationary military, anniversary, solitary, documentary, contrary, crockery, confectionery, surgery, nursery, treachery, forgery, sensory, contradictory, category, exploratory

21 en-, ex-, pre-, pro-, posthomograph: entrance enclose, engorge, entangle, extricate, exhale, excavate, exorbitant, precede, prelude, precursor, procession, prologue, procrastinate, proportion, postscript

22 phone, onyma, patheia, magnus symphony, phonetic, microphone, cacophony, synonym, antonym, pseudonym, anonymous, empathy, telepathy, majesty, majority, magnify, magnificent, magnanimous

23 homographs: organ, appendix medicine medicine, bacteria, virus, pregnant, fracture, organ, influenza, abdomen, intestine, capsule, appendix, vaccination, immunisation, pneumonia, stethoscope

24 REVISION

25 cy -cy, ob- cyclone, cynical, cyberspace, urgency, accuracy, literacy, numeracy, privacy, pregnancy, diplomacy, adequacy, delicacy, obstinacy, buoyancy, legacy

26 double consonants territory, graffiti, suppress, pallor, assassin, apparatus, millennium, succulent, eccentric, gimmick, dilemma, pinnacle, abbreviation, etiquette, intermittent

27 sub-, suc-, suf-, sup-, sursubconscious, sublime, submerge, subordinate, subside, substandard, subterranean, subtle, succinct, succumb, suffocate, suppose, supplement, surreptitious, suspend

28 multiple affixes incomprehension, unmanageable, discontinued, ignorance, invisibility, irrational, immobile, immovable, noticeably, symmetrical, unintentionally, uncritically, reversible, illegibly, predestined

29 suffixes, plurals non-English words money currency, exchange, pound, euro, rupiah, baht, allowance, financial, budget, discount, subsidy, purchase, expenditure, millionaire, treasury

30 REVISION

31 sce, sci ascend, descend, transcend, scenario, obscene, adolescent, fluorescent, iridescent, effervescent, miscellaneous, convalesce, scintillate, conscience, conscientious, resuscitate

32 odd-looking words onomatopoeia, asphalt, amateur, havoc, jargon, anemone, flummox, sleuth, nuisance, naive, pizzazz, eclipse, impromptu, labyrinth, conundrum

33 non-English words trek, snorkel, mammoth, deluxe, carnival, rampage, maestro, berserk, gruesome, cologne, abseil, souvenir, gourmet, silhouette, entrepreneur

34 astro space and time asteroid, astronaut, astronomy, comet, galaxy, meteor, orbit, dimension, futuristic, chronology, medieval, terrestrial, archaeologist, palaeontology, Renaissance

35 REVISION

Note to teachers and parents

Spelling Rules!

Some students are natural spellers, but the vast majority of students need formal, systematic and sequential instruction about the way spelling works and the strategies they can use to become independent, confident spellers. The Spelling Rules! program is based on sound linguistic and pedagogical theory. It is informed by research into how students of different ages acquire and apply spelling skills, and how those skills move from the working to the longterm memory. The program closely follows the NSW English Syllabus. NSW Syllabus references are provided in the two Teacher Resource Books. The program consists of seven Student Books that are fully supported by the Teacher Resource Books.

Each student book contains units of work, with each unit designed to be used over the course of a week. The content of each book follows the suggested instructional sequence in the NSW English Syllabus. Each unit simultaneously develops new skills and reinforces skills from previous units. Where appropriate, topic words from other syllabus areas are included. When spelling rules and tips are introduced, only known sounds and letter patterns are used so that students focus on one skill at a time. Regular revision units enable teachers to assess student progress and reinforce key rules and patterns from previous units.

Spelling knowledge

Learning to spell involves developing different kinds of spelling knowledge. In many cases, particularly in the upper grades, more than one kind of knowledge is called upon at a time. As they work through the activities in each Spelling Rules! unit, students will develop:

T Kinaesthetic knowledge – the physical feeling when saying different sounds and words, and when writing the shapes of letters and words

T Phonological knowledge – how a word sounds and the patterns of sounds in words

T Visual knowledge – how letters and words look and the visual patterns in words

T Morphemic knowledge – the meaning or function of words or parts of words

T Etymological knowledge – the origins and history of words and the effect this has on spelling patterns.

Icons used in Student Book 6

This icon highlights useful spelling rules. The rule is always introduced the first time students will need it to complete an activity. There is also a handy summary of important rules on page 80.

This icon tells students that a special clue or hint is provided for an activity. It may be a spelling, grammar or punctuation convention, or a definition of a useful term.

Student Book 6

U nits of work

Student Book 6 contains 35 weekly units of work. See the Scope and Sequence chart on page 3 for more information. Each revision unit gives students an opportunity to self-assess.

w ord lists

In Student Book 6 each unit (except Revision) has a list of spelling words. The core words in the lists have been chosen to support the learning focus and strategies being taught in the unit.

Spelling lists enable a spelling element to be focused on, and provide sufficient examples to consolidate the teaching point. Topic words come from other curriculum areas, such as mathematics and social sciences. In addition, homophones and words that are easily confused with each other are explained and practised.

sllU r P

Each word list begins with a reminder for students to SLLURP. SLLURP summarises the strategies that will help spelling move from students’ working memory to their long-term memory. These strategies are provided on page 2, for easy reference.

U nit at a glance

SLLURP reminds students about strategies they can use to learn the words.

List words support the learning of the spelling focus for the unit. Words come from across the curriculum.

Space to practise list words; to write theme words, personal words or extension words; or to practise other words with the same spelling focus. Adapt this section to suit the needs of your class.

Unit banner features the spelling focus in the context of an amazing fact

Spelling tips and rules introduced when students need them to complete an activity

Sequenced activities – each activity focuses on a specific spelling strategy. Some activities refer to content in other curriculum areas.

Spelling focus highlighted in colour

Spelling Rules! Teacher Resource Book 3-6

Full teacher support for Student Book 6 is provided by Spelling Rules! Teacher Resource Book 3–6 . Here you will find valuable background information about spelling development and spelling knowledge, along with practical resources, such as:

T teaching tips for every unit in Student Book 6

T extra word lists

T strategies for teaching spelling

T guidelines for assessment and diagnosis of errors

T activities to support struggling spellers

T worthwhile extension for more able spellers.

J ulienne describes:

a the naming of a baby girl

b something cut into thin strips

S ay L isten L ook U nderstand R emember P ractise

ge nre

ge ometry

ge nealo gy

gy rate

indul ge

grud ge

j u dge ment

j ubilant

j est

j uvenile

j unction

hi j ack

pre j udice

a dj acent

a dj oining

g usually has a soft sound when it is followed by e , i or y .

I Circle the letter g if it has a soft sound. gentle energy goalpost gigantic gymnasium genius ginger gear gallop grudge genealogy giddy

2 passenger urgent gyrate pledge genre geometry

Prefixes and suffixes are known as affixes .

Break each word into its base word and affix.

Use some of the letters in each word to make new words with a hard g sound.

3 geometric = + jester = + adjoining = + + disadvantage = +

c plans for a party in July verbs to a plane to wildly to in dessert to harshly nouns the book’s a traffic to hold a treated with adjectives a champ an room a pattern a animal

Use the list words as verbs, nouns and adjectives. You may need to add or delete an affix. Try not to use the same word more than once.

Write two list words that are synonyms. 5

Complete the passage with words beginning with j 6

In the Australian system, anybody accused of a crime is defended by a lawyer. In court, there is a , who knows the law and controls what happens in the courtroom. A group of ordinary people called the makes the final decision about whether the defendant is guilty. If not guilty, the accused is free to leave. If guilty, the judge makes a about an appropriate punishment.

Write words with a j or soft g sound. The first letter is given. 7

The contents of the box are f . Please carry it carefully. Mum made an a to the length of my pyjamas so my little brother could wear them.

I am of a height, but my sister is tall for her age. Karl longed to travel as a p on the Trans-Siberian railway.

My father has a cat a . They make him sneeze.

I issued a c to replay the game because I wanted r . Dad tells us that holding a g can make one ill.

My grandparents tested their g and found that they have Dutch ancestors!

Which genre of books do you most like to read? Write a paragraph explaining why. 8

Fluctuation occurs when: a fruit becomes rotten b a f lock of ducks f lies in formation c something changes constantly

S ay L isten L ook U nderstand R emember P ractise

corrupt ion

exhibit ion

except ion

restrict ion

distinct ion desperat ion

cooperat ion

alliterat ion

devastat ion

hallucinat ion

decept ion

evolut ion

resolut ion

revolut ion

prescript ion

I Write the two list words that are different by only one letter. Complete the table. 2 verb noun attract injection detection exhibit exhaust digestion reject direction infection inspect

If the verb ends in silent e, drop the e before adding ion. devote devotion

Write the noun form. 3 alliterate separate pollute cooperate

Write the base word.

education irrigation hallucination desperation appreciation devastation

If a word ends in lve , change ve to ut before adding ion . dissolve dissolution

Make a noun by adding ion 5 evolve resolve solve revolve

If the base word includes scribe, change scribe to script before adding ion. describe description

Complete the table. All the words follow the same pattern. 6

If the base word has the word element ceive, change ceive to cept before adding ion receive reception

Complete the table. All the words follow the same pattern. 7

verb noun deceive perception conception

Use the clue to make a new word that matches the definition. 8 word clue new word definition detection change a letter gloominess distinction change 1st syllable end of a species digestion change 1st syllable build-up of traffic revolution change a letter conclusion

verb noun prescribe subscribe inscribe transcribe Answer:

a a claim that you deserve merit when you don’t b a number before ten c preparing tent ropes

S ay L isten L ook U nderstand R emember P ractise

possess ion obsess ion extens ion

suspens ion expans ion corros ion invas ion exclus ion collis ion

persuas ion provis ion admiss ion

submiss ion invers ion divers ion

Some verbs add ion to make the noun.

I 2 Write the noun.

Describe the pattern used in question 1. possess impress confess discuss concuss obsess

For some words ending in t , change t to ss before adding admit admission If a word ends in nd , change d to s before adding extend extension

Write the noun. 3 permit submit omit expand suspend comprehend

4 admission admittance

Admit has two related nouns: admission and admittance. Use a dictionary to find the meaning of each word. Use each word in a sentence.

If the verb ends in de , drop the e and change d to s before adding ion . divide division

Write the noun form.

5 explode collide invade exclude persuade conclude include erode decide evade

Some words are always used together. This is called collocation . separation from not separation with The underlined words are prepositions .

Write a list word and the preposition it goes with to complete each sentence.

The player’s the first team was due to injury.

The the project deadline was greeted with cheers by the whole class.

Susie didn’t have to say anything; her face was an her guilt.

The shattered glass at the intersection was due to the two cars earlier.

Mr King displays his toy cars in his shed. It’s full to the ceiling!

There was rust on the machine due to the iron parts.

Rewrite each sentence using a list word. If you can, begin your sentence with the list word.

The scientist Charles Darwin proposed a theory of how living things have evolved.

This year I have resolved to talk to one new person a month.

The local council has finally said they will permit my parents to build a pool!

My prize-winning painting will be exhibited in the Town Hall next month.

Anyone caught writing graffiti on the walls will be suspended.

Answer: a

What is whangee?

a the opposite of a wedgie

b bamboo used for making canes c someone who has made one hundred bungee jumps

S ay L isten L ook U nderstand R emember P ractise flee pursue statue venue cocoa mosquito rodeo eerie simile guarantee refugee committee

verandah debut alibi

Write the plural. 4

Write list words that end with these sounds. long o as in toe

long e as in key long oo as in true

Write a list word that has a silent letter.

Which list word is a homophone? Write each word and its meaning.

verandah mosquito refugee volcano alibi

Write the language each word comes from and its meaning. Use a dictionary if you need help. 5 language meaning cocoa rodeo verandah debut alibi

Most of the vowels have been left out of these sentences. Write each sentence correctly.

Ths nw cmptr gdgt cms wth a fr-yr grnte.

Th wnd whstlng thrgh th crck in th wndw mks n eri snd.

Do y knw th vnu fr th drss rhrsl?

Lins prsu thr pry in pcks t incrs thr chncs of mkng a kll.

A simile describes something by comparing it to something else. It uses like or as to make the comparison.

The dancer flopped around l i ke a fish out of water. The dancer moved as grace fully as a swan .

7 statue cocoa eerie rodeo mosquito

Write similes using these words.

Write list words. 8

The local community hall will be a good for our meeting. Hot can warm you up in winter.

The net around my bed has a hole in it, and I got bitten last night. The light before the thunderstorm was .

Write the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence.

The police the shoplifters and eventually caught them. pursue

This gold pass you free entry to the movies for one year! guarantee

Our cat Mimi into the house when the dogs started barking. flee

Answer: b

A diarchy is:

a two arches in a row b a human with two heads c a State governed by two rulers

S ay L isten L ook U nderstand R emember P ractise government parliament cabinet politician minister senator representatives governor premier opposition president election democracy monarchy federal

I Break each word into its base word and suffix. government =

election =

monarchy =

president =

governor =

Look at the words in question 1.

Which words have the same base word?

In which words does the base word change when the suffix is added?

Write the list words that refer to people who work in government. Circle the word that is not a member of the Australian government.