sr_ac_4_sb_92704_look_inside

SPELLING RULES! is a bestselling series that takes

a phonemic approach that is systematic, purposeful and sequential.

This edition has been produced to meet the latest Australian Curriculum English requirements.

It introduces spelling rules and morphological and etymological tips. This holistic approach allows students to develop their spelling knowledge while also increasing their vocabulary.

Janelle Ho and Helen Pearson

4 www.matildaeducation.com.au

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_cvr_final.indd 1

Australian Curriculum Edition 13/7/2023 1:08 pm

Janelle Ho and Helen Pearson

STUDENT BOOK

4

Australian Curriculum Edition Name: Class:

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 1

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

Contents Scope and Sequence.......................................................... 3 Note to Teachers and Parents.......................................... 4 Units 1–35.............................................................................. 6–75 List Words in Unit Order..................................................... 76 List Words in Alphabetical Order..................................... 78 Spelling Rules and Tips...................................................... 80

SLLURP S L LU R P summarises the spelling strategies that you can use to learn new words.

Say

Say the word carefully and slowly to yourself.

Listen

Listen to how each part of the word sounds in sequence.

Look

Look at the patterns of letters in the word and the shape of the word.

Understand

Understand rules, word meanings and word origins.

Remember

Remember all the similar words you can already spell and relate this knowledge to any new word.

Practise

Practise writing the word until it is firmly fixed in your long-term memory.

2

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 2

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

Scope and Sequence SKILL FOCUS Unit

Vowels

1

two-syllable words with long sounds, silent e

2

Consonants

Letter patterns

Morphology and etymology

Homophones/ Confusing words

-s, -es, -ed, -ing: dropping silent e ay, ey, oy

short and long y

3

-s, -es, -ed, -ing: changing y to i

WORD LIST

Topic words

oppose, endure, revise, complete, arrange, escape, persuade, realise, collide, assume, include, declare pray/prey

copy, hurry, guilty, mystery, variety, deny, apply, simplify, qualify, display, prey, annoy

adding -ed, -ing to twosyllable words: doubling final consonant

begin, forget, regret, occur, prefer, enter, offer, visit, happen, target, label, detail

4

words ending ph, gh in lf

phobia

engulf, behalf, cough, trough, phase, phobia, phantom, metaphor, emphasise, biography, amphibian, sophisticated

5

words ending in double consonants

-er, -est

odd, stiff, err, recall, install, swell, thrill, floss, discuss, possess, witness, embarrass

6 7

REVISION ea

8 j

9

led/lead, weather/ whether

least, eager, release, dread, ahead, heavy, health, meant, instead, pleasant, jealous, weather

-ion, -ness; claudere

direction, suggestion, location, separation, confusion, decision, conclusion, greatness, selfishnesss, stubbornness, cleanliness, forgetfulness

ge, dge, dj

bandage, sponge, surge, stranger, siege, badger, pledge, reject, injection, adjust, conjunction, adjective un-, in-, dis-; videre

10

confusing pairs

11 12 13

unfamiliar, undeveloped, unbroken, unquestioning, inactive, incomplete, informal, invisible, disease, disqualify, discontented, discontinue lose, loose, breath, breathe, desert, dessert, practise, practice, wonder, wander, stationery, stationary

REVISION oa, ou

ow

fowl/foul

narrow, sorrow, tomorrow, loan, poach, coward, foul, announce, voucher, boundary, council, knowledge

er/ear

14

verse, superb, alert, convert, deserve, determined, certain, permanent, earthquake, research, earnest, rehearsal

or, ur, our

15

court-

worthy, senior, surprise, further, burden, survive, journal, flavour, labour, courtesy, honour, nourish

words ending thermo-, -meter in ure

16

nature, future, capture, failure, creature, feature, measure, pleasure, leisure, adventure, furniture, temperature

17 18

colours, similes

ruby, scarlet, lilac, violet, emerald, indigo, crimson, azure, khaki, ochre, turquoise, sapphire

ordinal numbers

fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, growth, warmth, length, strength, width, depth, breadth

REVISION -th

19

fourth/forth

-ic; -ed, -ing: adding k

20

words ending in ic

21

words ending -al, il-, unin al

panic, picnic, magic, logic, critic, basic, mimic, fantastic, terrific, energetic, automatic, enthusiastic capital, hospital, final, logical, magical, national, natural, digital, criminal, critical, survival, emotional

-th, hyphenation

22

accept/except, affect/effect

double consonants

23

numbers

24

eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, ninety, hundred, thousand accept, accuse, attempt, attitude, pollute, approach, disappoint, opportunity, necessary, recommend, occasion, aggressive

REVISION soft g

25

words ending in ous

ginger, gently, general, average, generous, religion, intelligent, fragile, generation, advantage, emergency, gymnasium

26

-ous; rules for adding -ous

serious, precious, delicious, famous, nervous, dangerous, courageous, furious, cautious, envious, spacious, various

27

-en, -ise: rules for adding -en, ise; memor

lessen, stiffen, toughen, sadden, awaken, straighten, finalise, memorise, fantasise, energise, sympathise, visualise

-ment

movement, statement, argument, amazement, measurement, government, environment, treatment, development, attachment, encouragement, disappointment

28

compound words; abbreviations

29 30 31

computers

computer, laptop, email, internet, mobile, keyboard, program, download, insert, delete, icon, archive

REVISION ie, ei

32 33

rain/rein/reign

niece, belief, achieve, alien, receipt, deceive, protein, weird, reign, seize, beige, feisty

ex

exist, exchange, examination, explosion, expensive, exaggerate, excursion, exceed, except, extinct, exhausted, exhibition -or, -er, -ant, -ian, -ist; apostrophes

occupations; author, grocer, carpenter, lawyer, assistant, accountant, non-English electrician, politician, journalist, pharmacist, chef, pilot words holidays

34 35

travel, relax, journey, caravan, luggage, budget, museum, attraction, entertainment, accommodation, sightseeing, restaurant

REVISION

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 3

3

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

Note to teachers and parents Spelling Rules!

Some students are natural spellers. But the vast majority of students need formal, systematic and sequential instruction about the way spelling works and the strategies they can use to become independent, confident spellers and spelling risk-takers.

The Spelling Rules! program is based on sound linguistic and pedagogical theory. It is informed by research into how students of different ages acquire and apply spelling skills, and how those skills move from the working to the long-term memory. The program closely follows the Australian English curriculum. Australian Curriculum: English references are provided in the Teacher Resource Books. The program consists of seven student books, fully supported by two Teacher Resource Books.

Each student book contains units of work, with each unit designed to be used over the course of a week. The content of each unit simultaneously develops new skills and reinforces skills from previous units.The introduction of new sounds and letter patterns is logically sequenced and takes into account both frequency of use and complexity. Where appropriate, topic words from other curriculum areas such as mathematics, science and social sciences are included. When spelling rules are introduced, only known sounds and letter patterns are used so that students focus on one skill at a time. Regular revision units enable teachers to assess student progress and reinforce key rules and patterns from previous units.

The Spelling Rules! program also incorporates elements of self-assessment. A simple reflection activity allows students to assess their own progress and provides you with a starting point for discussion.

Spelling knowledge Learning to spell involves developing different kinds of spelling knowledge: T Kinaesthetic knowledge – the physical feeling when saying different sounds and words, and when writing the shapes of letters and words T Phonological knowledge – how a word sounds and the patterns of sounds in words T Visual knowledge – how letters and words look and the visual patterns in words T Morphemic knowledge – the meaning or function of words or parts of words T Etymological knowledge – the origins and history of words and the effect this has on spelling patterns.

Icons used in Student Book 4 The following icons identify the main spelling strategy that students will use to complete an activity.

Say the word. (Kinaesthetic knowledge) These activities ask students to experience how sounds feel in the mouth and jaw. Changing the positions of the jaw, lips and tongue changes the sounds we make.

Encourage students to pronounce the sounds and words accurately. If they mispronounce a sound or word, they may misrepresent it in writing.

Listen to the word. (Phonological knowledge) These activities focus on discriminating between different sounds and breaking up words into syllables or individual sound segments (phonemes).

Look at the word. (Visual knowledge) These activities help students to see how the sound is represented using combinations of letters, and to associate this visual pattern with what they are hearing.

Students will develop the ability to know when a word does or does not ‘look right’.

Understand the word. (Morphemic and etymological knowledge) These activities focus on word meanings, word families, prefixes and suffixes,

4

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 4

spelling rules, word origins and so on, which help embed spelling in the long-term memory.

Practise writing the word. (Kinaesthetic knowledge) These activities develop students’ awareness of the physical movement involved in writing the word. By practising writing the word a number of times and in different contexts, the spelling becomes embedded in the long-term memory.

This icon highlights useful spelling rules.

This icon tells students that a special clue or hint is provided for an activity. It may be a spelling, grammar or punctuation convention, or a definition of a useful term.

I can do this.

I am not sure.

I need help.

Encourages students to assess their progress across each unit.

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

Student Book 4 Units of work

Student Book 4 contains 35 weekly units of work. See the Scope and Sequence chart on page 3 for more information. Each revision unit gives students an opportunity to self-assess.

Word lists In Student Book 4, each unit (except Revision) has a list of spelling words. The core words in the lists have been chosen to support the learning focus and strategies being taught in the unit.

Spelling lists enable a spelling element to be focused on, and provide sufficient examples to consolidate the teaching point. Topic words come from other curriculum areas, such as mathematics and social sciences. In addition, homophones and words that are easily confused with each other are explained and practised.

SLLURP Each word list begins with a reminder for students to SLLURP. SLLURP summarises the strategies that will help spelling move from students’ working memory to their long-term memory. These strategies are provided on page 2, for easy reference.

Unit at a glance SLLURP reminds students about strategies they can use to learn the words List words support the learning of the spelling focus for the unit. Words come from across the curriculum

Unit banner features the spelling focus in the context of an amazing fact Ants have a lot of strength for their size. Some ants can drag objects that are 25 times their own weight.

19

4

fifth

I

ninth twelfth growth

Write an adjective for each numeral.

1

2

3

4

5

length strength width depth

8 10

11

12

2

Write two number adjectives that drop letters before adding th. Write the dropped letter or letters in the box.

Some words add th to make the noun form. grow growth The vowel or vowels sometimes change too. deep depth

birthday, you celebrate a decade of life. planet from the Sun.

5

year of an event.

Write a sentence about each shape. The first one is done for you.

Half of the oval is shaded.

oval

Spelling tips and rules introduced when students need them to complete an activity

hexagon pentagon

6

Write list words.

Use a ruler to measure the

of wrapping paper you need.

Steel is a strong metal. Its

makes it an ideal building material.

7

Describe a mythical creature with incredible strength.

8

Fourth and forth are homophones. Colour the correct word.

Add th to make the noun form.

warm

long

wide

true

strong

broad

young Which nouns keep the vowels but sound different?

42

letter of the alphabet.

A centenary celebration marks the

6

7 9

breadth

3

On your

day.

month of the year.

The letter i is the Venus is the

eighth

Icons identify the main spelling strategy students will use in an activity

Fill in the missing adjectives.

August is the Most numbers add th to make the adjective form.

fourth

warmth

Space to practise list words; to write theme words, personal words or extension words; or to practise other words with the same spelling focus. Adapt this section to suit the needs of your class

Spelling focus highlighted in colour

If Monday is the first day of the week, Thursday is the

Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise

Sequenced activities – each activity focuses on a specific spelling strategy. Some activities refer to content in other curriculum areas

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

This is the

fourth forth

time I’ve seen this movie.

The lion was pacing back and

fourth forth

in his cage.

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

I can do this.

I am not sure.

I need help.

43

Reflection Allows students to assess their progress

Spelling Rules! Teacher Resource Book 3-6 Full teacher support for Student Book 4 is provided by Spelling Rules! Teacher Resource Book 3–6. Here you will find valuable background information about spelling development and spelling knowledge, along with practical resources, such as:

T teaching tips for every unit in Student Book 4 T extra word lists T strategies for teaching spelling

T guidelines for assessment and diagnosis of errors T activities to support struggling spellers T worthwhile extension for more able spellers.

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 5

5

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

In China in 3000 bce, children had powdered smallpox scabs stuck up their noses to make them immune to the horrible disease smallpox. It worked!

1

Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise

oppose

I

Group list words using the final vowel sound.

e as in bead

a as in day

endure revise complete

o as in soap

arrange i as in by

escape

u as in dew

persuade realise collide assume

list words left over

include declare

2

Write a list word that rhymes.

flows

3

strange

maid

replied

repair

Divide these list words into syllables. Underline the stressed syllable. For double consonants in the middle of a word, the syllable break comes between the double letters. assume

realise

suppose

declare

revise

arrange

conclude

collide

escape

6

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 6

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

4

Antonyms are words with opposite meanings. Make antonyms by adding missing letters.

in — — ude

inc — ea — e

e — cl — d —

ins — — t

d — cr — — s —

del — t —

s — p — — ate

c — mb — n —

If a word ends in silent e, drop the e before adding the suffixes ed or ing.

5

Complete the table.

word waste

add ed wasted

add ing wasting

oppose realise endure complete arrange collide

6

Add s, ed or ing to the word in brackets.

No one

the student dressed as a clown. (recognise)

‘Stop

me whenever you lose something!’ Vicki yelled. (blame)

Each class is

to perform an item at assembly. (require)

When a chess piece is captured, it is

7

from the board. (remove)

Add vowels to make words that match the clues.

r — sc — —

save from danger

r—m—v—

take away

pr — v — d —

supply

— ll — str — t —

draw

r—t—t—

turn

I am not sure.

p — rf — m —

pleasant fragrance

I need help.

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 7

I can do this.

7

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

Nobody knows for certain how the pyramids in Egypt were built. It remains a mystery!

2

Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise

If the word has a single vowel followed by a single consonant, double the consonant before adding y. mud muddy

copy hurry guilty

Make adjectives by adding y. Remember to follow the rule you have just learnt.

I

mystery variety deny

hair

shine

dirt

fur

risk

guilt

mess

spot

noise

itch

grub

droop

apply simplify qualify display prey annoy

If a word ends in y, change y to i before adding es or ed.

Keep the y when adding ing.

2

Complete the table.

word

add es

add ed

add ing

hurry deny reply simplify qualify 8

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 8

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

3

What is the weather like?

4

Rewrite each sentence, replacing the underlined word with a list word.

Troy felt regretful that his ball had broken his neighbour’s window.

Grandma’s patchwork quilts have a range of colours and patterns.

What happened to Sally’s keys is a puzzle.

Of all the animals on show, my favourite is the giraffe.

Don’t bother Amy while she is coding her robot.

5

Rewrite each sentence in the plural.

There is only one variety of apple in the store.

Auntie made a copy of the recipe for Mum. I have a fantasy about what I want to be when I grow up.

6

prey and pray are homophones. Write the correct homophone.

As the king of the jungle, the lion has many You can’t just

. You also have to work hard!

The plural form of prey does not change. Such words are known as

.

I can do this.

I am not sure.

I need help.

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 9

9

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

The left side of your body is controlled by the right side of your brain.

3

Each word has two syllables. Say each word and draw a line between the syllables.

Underline the stressed syllable. gallop

I

Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise

begin forget

begin

regret

occur

regret

excel

forget

admit

occur

When adding ed or ing, double the final consonant if:

prefer enter offer

1. the stress is on the final syllable and

answer

2. the final syllable has one vowel. occur

visit happen

2

target

Complete the table.

add ed

label detail

3

occurred, occurring

add ing

travel

expel

permit

regret

Write three list words that have a short final vowel sound.

Write three list words that have a long final vowel sound.

If the final syllable has two vowels, just add ed or ing. appeal

short final vowel long final vowel

4

appealed, appealing

Complete the table.

add ed

10

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 10

add ing

appear

complain

detail

reveal

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

Add a suffix to each list word. Use the rules to decide if the final consonant should be doubled. The stressed syllable is underlined.

5

word

add ed

word

prefer

begin

happen

forget

enter

offer

regret

occur

visit

label

target

detail

z

add ing

A word family consists of words that share the same base word.

Tip!

act, actor, action, acting, acted, active, react

6

Complete each sentence using a word from the same word family as the word in brackets.

People sometimes get

as they get older. (forget)

Mum is making a special dessert because we are having Rani wanted to learn guitar so she joined a class for Sean said he would meet me at the You must wear

7

. (visit) . (begin)

to the swimming pool. (enter)

goggles for this experiment. (safe)

Use list words to answer the questions.

Which word uses the same vowel sound twice?

Which two words have the same meaning? and Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 11

I can do this.

I am not sure.

I need help.

11

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

The fear of amphibians is known as batrachophobia.

4

Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise

I

engulf behalf cough

Say each word aloud. Circle the word if you do not say the l.

calf

wolf

self

half

gulf

shelf

trough

2

phase

roo

phobia

blu

phantom

dwar

lau

metaphor

rou

brie

emphasise

Which digraph cannot begin a word?

Write f, ff, gh or ph.

cli

gra rase

inish

ield oto

biography amphibian sophisticated Use the rules to write the plural word.

3 loaf self calf hoof sniff wharf

4

When a word ends in f, lf or fe, the f or fe usually changes to v before adding es to make the word plural. leaf leaves elf elves half halves When a word ends in ff, add s to make the word plural. cliff cliffs Add s to make these words plural. gulf gulfs proof proofs chief chiefs belief beliefs reef reefs roof roofs

Write the list words that are only nouns.

12

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 12

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

Use the clues to find ph words that complete the puzzle. Use a dictionary if you need help.

5

a stage of development a group of words another word for ghost a wild bird you can eat a medical doctor a person who works in a pharmacy a person who studies philosophy The word phobia is both a word and a word part. It can be combined with other word parts to describe different types of fear. Use a dictionary to write the meanings.

6

arachnophobia acrophobia nyctophobia ophidophobia Proofread this story. The text has five words that are incorrect. Circle the mistakes.

Then write the correct spelling of the words in the boxes.

7

Mrs Berg’s neffew tragically became an orfan when his parents died while swimming with dolfins. The dangers had been emfasised but their love of wildlife meant they took risks as fotografers. Ralph lives with the Bergs now.

8

Colour the correct word.

Our team scored a goal in each of the two I have so many books I need more A

wolfs wolf’s wolves

Cliff’s

sniffs sniff’s

Can we go fishing

halfs half’s halves

shelfs shelf’s shelves .

eyesight is better than a human’s.

are loud and annoying. of off

the wharf on Saturday?

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 13

of the match.

I can do this.

I am not sure.

I need help.

13

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

Levi Spear Parmly recommended using a waxen silk thread to floss.

That was in 1819.

5

Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise

z A syllable that has double consonants

odd

Tip!

stiff err

at the end has a single vowel. odd not oodd

I

swell not sweell

Correct the following words.

recall

stieff

flooss

stil

discuess

witnes

poesess

install swell thrill floss

Unscramble the letters to make a word that ends in a double consonant.

2

discuss possess

lrhitl

slepl

slnailt

sarbs

fastf

darseds

witness embarrass

z

z

The suffixes er and est are added to words to compare two or more things. kind kinder kindest

3

It’s odd to see Joe with short hair but it’s to see him wearing a shirt and tie!

There are many dull books on the shelf. Unfortunately for me, I think I picked the

Some words that end in double consonants need to add y first. mess messy messier messiest

14

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 14

Add the word with the correct suffix.

4

.

Write the correct form of the adjective.

Jess says Ben is the

player on the

field. (boss) Mr Cross is

than Mr Bell about how

we present our work. (fuss)

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

13/7/2023 1:04 pm

An anagram is a word or phrase in which the letters can be rearranged to form another word or phrase. Write a list word for each anagram.

5

nil salt

6

its news

caller

Add the suffix.

add s or es

add ed

chill

swell

add

install

bluff

stuff

witness

stress

discuss

embarrass

7

bears arms

add ing

Use the clues to write list words.

Which word has the antonym of short?

Which word has a donkey in it?

Which word has sickness in it?

Which word has the antonym of sickness?

8

Imagine you have witnessed a robbery. Write your eyewitness account.

9

re + call = recall Write other words that use the prefix re.

I can do this.

I am not sure.

I need help.

Spelling Rules! Student Book 4 (ISBN 9780655092704) © Janelle Ho, Helen Pearson

sr_ac_4_sb_92704_txt_final.indd 15

15

13/7/2023 1:04 pm