Cambridge International AS & A Level Thinking Skills
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15 Assessing claims 15.1 Separating truth from fiction 15.2 Justification 15.2 Levels and standards 15.3 How do we judge claims? 15.4 Complex claims 15.5 Strong and weak claims Exam-style questions
130 131 131 133 135 136 137 139
16 Grounds, reasons and evidence 16.1 Reasons in the form of evidence 16.2 Criteria for assessing evidence Exam style questions
140 141 148 153
17 Evaluating evidence: a case study 17.1 Article 1 17.2 Article 2: Further investigation Exam-style questions
155 156 161 166
18 Statistical evidence 18.1 What are statistics? 18.2 Trends 18.3 Presentation Exam-style question
168 169 173 179 185
19 Uses of evidence: inference and explanation 19.1 What is inference? 19.2 An example from science 19.3 Explanation 19.4 Inference and explanation, a case study Exam-style questions
186 187 189 191 196 202
20 Identifying argument 20.1 Recognising an argument 20.2 An example from history 20.3 Identifying arguments in dialogue Exam-style questions
203 204 205 213 217
21 Analysing argument 218 21.1 Critical assessment 219 21.2 Mixed arguments 223 21.3 Complex arguments 224 21.4 More about context: targets and opposing views 229 Exam-style questions 233
22 Interpretation 22.1 Elements of an argument 22.2 Dispersed conclusions 22.3 The need for caution Exam-style questions
234 235 240 243 246
23 Assumptions 23.1 The meaning of ‘assumption’ Exam-style questions
247 248 256
24 Evaluating argument 24.1 Sound and unsound arguments 24.2 Generalisation 24.3 Describing flaws 24.4 Recognising and explaining flaws 24.5 Appeals Exam-style questions
257 258 260 262 265 269 272
25 Applying logic 25.1 Formal and informal logic 25.2 Conditions and conditionals 25.3 Critical thinking and logic 25.4 Deductive standards – and limitations Exam-style questions
274 275 278 284 287 288
26 Longer texts 26.1 Introduction Exam-style questions
289 290 306
27 Multiple sources 27.1 Introduction 27.2 The documents 27.3 Activities 27.4 Constructing a reasoned argument Exam-style questions
308 309 309 315 320 322