Volume 64 | Spring 2020 | Issue 2

Saber

VOLUME 64 | Spring 2020| Issue 2

THE

Saber THE

Ashley Peterson, Editor-in-Chief Paige Adams, Office Manager Joe Miller, Faculty Adviser Luka Steele, Visual Editor Jade Thornton, Layout Editor Jessica DeMarco-Jacobson, Senior Copy Editor

EDITORS Macy Frazier Nastasia Rozenberg Vivian Duncan REPORTERS Caleb Jackson Chika Nwosu Richard Yancey Rebekah Meloy VISUAL REPORTERS Eddie Sampson Campbell Danley Melissa Areiza

EDITOR'S LETTER Pictured A bike on the road in the Historic District by Paige Adams Contact For comments or inquiries: csusaber@gmail.com For advertising information: csusaberads@gmail. com 4225 University Ave. Columbus, GA 31907 Special Thanks To Julia Vroman, Isaiah Givan, Alex Travis, Dr. Mark Schmidt, Dr. Susan Hrach, Dr. Clinton Barineau, Dr. Patrick Jackson, Sharon Renner, and Officer Micheal Stewart.

Hello Students,

We are now roughly in the half-way point of the semester, something that is difficult for me to believe! I hope you all have been juggling all the different parts of life, including classes, jobs, and whatever extracurriculars you may be involved in. Please take some time to do something that isn’t strictly productive. Relaxation is a very important part of keeping yourself going.

In this issue, you will find tips on how to live more sustainably, information on our eSports team, new safety measures available to students, and much more! We also touch on the newly released results of the Faculty Workload Quality of Life survey, which can be of interest to all of us here at CSU. I believe it is important to take into consideration the perspectives of all students, faculty, and staff. Hopefully this survey and its results can spur some positive changes on campus, both structurally and socially.

March is also National Women’s History Month, and we felt it important to touch on this as well. We have a timeline of the different waves of feminism as told through literary trends, something I hope will give readers a bit of context as to the path of feminism and its roots.

I am incredibly proud of The Saber staff for all their hard work and passion shown in this issue. I hope you will feel the same.

Best,

Disclaimer Opinions expressed in The Saber are those of the editor or writer of the article and do not necessarily reflect the views of Columbus State University or its affiliates.

@TheCSUSaber @SaberCSU @ColumbusStateSaber

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C O N T E N T S •• VOL. 64 • SPRING 2020 • ISSUE 2 AWARD-WINNING STUDENT NEWS SOURCE AT COLUMBUS STATE UNIVERSIT Y

4 | THE LIVESAFE APP HITS THE STREETS

12 | A TIMELINE OF FEMINISM WITH LITERARY INFLUENCES

CSU University Police introduced a new app that allows users an easy way to contact emergency services and also provides information about several resources around campus.

Dive into the waves of feminism in celebration of Women’s History Month

By Macy Frazier

By Paige Adams

6 | THE RESULTS OF THE FACULTY QUALITY OF LIFE SURVEY

16 | LOOK GOOD GUILT-FREE

CSU recently administered a survey in order to assess the faculty’s workload, job satisfaction, and quality of life. What do the results mean for the university and the student body?

Sustainable and cruelty-free beauty, self-care, and consumerism

By Jessica DeMarco-Jacobson and Ashley Peterson

Nastasia Rozenberg

9 | ESPORTS AT CSU

18 | I WOULD LIKE TO BE MORE SUSTAINABLE BUT…

CSU has established a new esports team which participate in competitive gaming.

A guide to the easiest changes to maintain a sustainable life

By Richard Yancey

By Paige Adams and Luka Steele

10 | BEING ON YOUR OWN Transitioning from college to adulthood

By Rebekah Meloy

On The Cover Female faculty appear with prolific feminists.

FRONT: Pictured from left to right: Kimberle Crenshaw (photo credit: Mohamed Badarne), Laverne Cox (photo credit: Pax Ahimsa Gethen), Dr. Leslie Haines, and Rebecca Solnit.

BACK: Pictured from left to right: Dr Susan Hrach, Tarana Burke (photo credit: Jon Tadiello), Margaret Atwood(photo credit: Frankie Fouganthin), Dr. Courtney George, and Rebecca Walker Photos of faculty by Melissa Areiza, photo edits by Jessica DeMarco-Jacobson, Luka Steele, and Jade Thornton Photos of Tarana Burke and Laverne Cox licensed under CC 2.0 Photos of Kimberle Crenshaw and Margaret Atwood licensed under CC 4.0 More information on licensing can be found at creativecommons.org/ licenses These Stories found within these 24 pages

CAMPUS SAFET Y

The LiveSafe App Hits the Streets CSU University Police introduced a new app that allows users an easy way to contact emergency services and also provides information about several resources around campus.

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n Feb. 9, the CSU University Police Department issued an announcement about their partnership with LiveSafe, an app that includes several safety features as well as a practical way to get in contact with several different departments around campus.

Officer Michael Stewart of the UPD recounted that parents have been asking if the UPD had an app for years. After researching several possibilities, the UPD decided that LiveSafe best matched the needs of CSU students, combining features from various safety walk apps while still allowing students to report incidents and look up information about campus. Stewart commented that, “we have another way that people can contact us, and it has some good features on it, and we wanted to get it in the hands of everybody…it doesn’t matter if they’re studying here on main campus, down on RiverPark campus, or they’re studying abroad. LiveSafe can be used wherever they are.”

The LiveSafe app has four main selections on the home screen: Report Suspicious Activity, Report Incident, Emergency Options, and Resources. There is also an additional tab at the bottom containing the Safe Walk feature.

Report Suspicious Activity The LiveSafe App allows users to report any suspicious activity by submitting pictures, a video, or an audio clip. These tips may also be given anonymously if the user is uncomfortable with being contacted. UPD teaches students their “see something, say something” motto, so they prefer users report anything they may find suspicious even if they may not be correct.

Report Incident Upon opening this tab, users are prompted to select from 13 categories ranging from Assault/Harassment to Motorist Assist. Users may submit a picture, video, or an audio clip. This section is for nonemergency tips, so if the incident requires immediate intervention, contact emergency services first.

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Emergency Options A section of the app is dedicated to local emergency services. Upon opening this tab, users will see the option to call 911, call UPD, or to message security.

This feature may also be utilized while studying abroad. When users pull up this page, the local emergency phone number will appear.

MACY FRAZIER

CAMPUS SAFET Y

Resources This contains two tabs. The first contains contact information for several services on campus such as the University Counseling Center and the Center for Accommodation and Access. It also lists local resources such as the County Sheriff ’s Office and St. Francis Hospital. The feature “Find Campus Places” at the bottom of the page lists all the locations on campus. When a location is selected, a map appears with that location selected. The second tab is a general map that users may interact with.

Safe Walk App users may select up to three people to monitor their progress to a specific location. The user enters the location they plan to travel to and their mode of transportation. The app estimates how long it should take them to arrive and notifies the designated watchers. If the user does not reach their destination in the given amount of time, the app allows the user 30 seconds to call 911, call university police, or disable the alert for 10 minutes. If the user does not select one of these options, the watchers are notified.

This feature is located on a tab at the bottom of the screened, indicated by a walking stick figure.

CSU University Police are also available at 706-5078911, emergency call boxes located across campus, and their online Silent Witness Program.

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The Results of the Faculty Quality of Life Survey CSU recently administered a survey in order to assess the faculty’s workload, job satisfaction, and quality of life. What do the results mean for the university and the student body?

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n early Feb., CSU released the results of the Faculty Quality of Life Survey, which aimed to assess the “workload, job satisfaction, and quality of life information from CSU faculty with at least a 50% teaching workload.” Dr. Clinton Barineau, professor of geology, and Dr. Susan Hrach, professor of English and director of the faculty center for the enhancement of teaching and learning, conducted the survey via email and 283 unique CSU faculty members participated.

“As an untenured assistant professor coming to the university, you’re very busy,” said Dr. Barineau.

“You tend to look inward a lot.

Stepping into the position of Chair [of the Earth & Space Sciences], I realized pretty quickly that my experience of working long hours and not getting a lot of sleep was actually not unique to me, that a lot of faculty experience that. I had this qualitative data, but I wonder[ed] if we can actually quantify this.”

This question prompted Dr. Barineau to start conversations across the university, and this eventually led him to seek out Dr. Hrach. Barineau looked to work with Hrach as he valued both her thoughts and input, as well as her established position in the university.

“It’s been an increasing expectation of faculty that we are engaging our students in hands-on activities and following the research on how learning works,” Hrach stated. “I told

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Clint right away, I’m interested in this data as well, but because I want to fix something. It’s not just for the sake of complaining but to see where solutions might be possible.”

Hrach and Barineau had seen similar surveys conducted at other institutions and modeled their methods after some of those. “One challenge of the survey is that it’s voluntary participation,” said Hrach.

Because not everyone is required to respond, the results may not be representative of the demographics.

"I realized pretty quickly that my experience of working long hours and not getting a lot of sleep was actually not unique to me" The College of Letters and Sciences and the College of the Arts were overly represented in the data while the College of Education and Health Professions and the College of Business were underrepresented.

“The results that came out of those colleges are actually not that different from what we got from the other two colleges; it’s just not necessarily as strong a representative

sample.” Another challenge was that convincing people to take part in this survey required a tremendous amount of trust that the results would remain anonymous.

The researchers conducted the survey anonymously in two phases using SurveyMonkey, a popular surveying website. Phase I of the survey started on 15 Oct. 2018, and ended on 15 Apr. 2019, asking 10 questions about the faculty’s daily workload distribution, their perception of how their workload affected their quality of life, and how much control they felt like they had over their workload. Phase II of the survey included 27 questions and started on 15 Apr. 2019, and ended a month later.

In order to implement this phase, Dr. Barneau utilized a random email generator and eventually settled on sending 27 questions to six random emails each day. Barneau aimed to send these emails every morning, including Christmas morning and New Years morning.

Results from Phase I indicated that faculty worked approximately a mean total of 10 hours a day during the work week, seven of those hours being worked on-campus, and three of those while off-campus. On weekends, faculty worked a median total of 16.5 hours, accounting for a little less than 20% of their weekly workload.

“The ‘work’ of ‘teaching’ makes demands that are qualitatively different from most other types of work,” responded Dr. Ramesh Rao, ASHLEY PETERSON & JESSICA DEMARCO-JACOBSON

Half of all faculty reported an average work week exceeding

professor in the department of communication. “So, it is not always about the ‘number of hours worked,’ but what are the specific kinds of stresses and demands that teaching makes on a person.”

The survey requested that faculty members report their workload. After both phases were completed, the data “suggested that the majority of CSU faculty work 50 hours each week, as half of all faculty reported an average work week exceeding 55 hours,” to quote the results of the survey.

Interestingly, the category of lecturers, who have the highest teaching loads but fewer expectations in the area of committees and research, had the higher level of contentment and feeling of control over their time.

One theory that Hrach mentioned is that the highly focused nature of a lecturer’s duty allows them to feel more in control than a faculty member who may have several classes to teach, requirements to serve on committees, and research expectations.

“I had thought we would see a reasonable correlation between people who work the longest hours and the people who were least happy in their job. It turns out this was not the case,” said Barineau.

“All of us probably are used to coming out of our doctorate programs and not getting adequate sleep. For some people, this is a continuation of things they’ve done JADE THORNTON

for many, many years. It turns out [that] those faculty who felt they had the most control over their workload [...], they were the ones that were the least likely to report that their workload had a negative impact on their quality of life.”

"If there is any specific place to focus attention on, it's the Assistant Professors, the Lecturers, and the parttime instructors. They get the worst of it."

According to the survey, more than half of CSU faculty don’t get adequate exercise or enough sleep.

The findings also showed that onethird of faculty work occurs offcampus, and that the majority feel

that their workload is unreasonable.

“I think I get enough sleep and exercise,” stated Dr. Patrick Jackson, English professor, in an email to The Saber. “If I don't, it's not because of my job. But my first few years as an Assistant Professor were different. I was definitely so stressed out then that it would interfere with my sleep and health.” “[But] teaching would improve significantly if professors were given a lighter workload,” added Jackson.

“If there is any specific place to focus attention on, it's the Assistant Professors, the Lecturers, and the part-time instructors. They get the worst of it. They work longer hours than anyone else and they get paid the least. If anyone's workload should be relieved, it's them. No one should be teaching five classes.”

The amount of credit hours that must be covered by teaching faculty can often stretch some professors to take on more than they ideally would, thus encroaching on time that could be spent on creative endeavors or personal wellness. Barineau cites the current state of things partly as continued fallout from the recession of 2008.

“We were asked basically to do more with less, which was a fair request. Everyone across the country had to do more with less. As the economy recovered, however, we haven’t necessarily seen that state budget recover.”

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FACULT Y

Another startling result of the survey was that a majority of CSU faculty expressed an interest in seeking employment elsewhere. This intent was strongest in Assistant Professors.

“What that means in practice is hard to say,” said Hrach. “Does that mean ‘I’m just keeping my options open’, or does that mean actually sending out cover letters?”

“I know from some previous studies that have been done [...] across multiple universities asking similar questions [...], their results had maybe one-third of faculty considered leaving their job, and the fact that we had a little over half of ours is an area of concern.”

Despite these findings, CSU faculty overwhelmingly felt passionate about their creative endeavors and that their teaching benefited their students' lives.. “Another thing I was pleasantly surprised by was the fact that so many of our colleagues felt we have a really strong sense of community here at CSU,” said Barineau. “I recognized about my own department that we feel like a big family. We’re not alone in that; so many other people around the university feel that way.”

“I don’t think there’s going to be a single fix,” Hrach commented in regards to the findings of the survey. “I think knowing that time is such a valuable resource and being very conscious of every new initiative on everybody’s time is a good place to start.” Hrach has heard calls for more non-monetary recognition to reward good work. She is also in talks to set up an informal online thank-a-professor program where students could, anonymously or not, uplift their instructors for their efforts. “We also have the opportunity to do more wellness initiatives.”

“We have started a program that I am in charge of, sort of a First Year Experience program for first-year faculty,” added Hrach. “They have a chance to form relationships with each other and learn institutional culture in ways that might make them feel more connected. I think that’s been a successful program. But it didn’t start until three years ago, so it hasn’t had time to make its way through the culture at large.”

Barineau and Hrach agreed that they felt the university had come a long way in their tenure at CSU and that the survey could lead to productive discussions.

“All of us want to see CSU to be successful. That’s our main goal,” said Barineau. “We want our students to be successful; we want the university to be successful; we want our program to be successful. We can only make sure that happens if everyone feels like they are working toward that common goal.”

“I think the conversation that we’re able to launch as a result of having some actual data [...] is going to be really exciting,” Hrach added. “This is what I had hoped in that it’s the beginning of the way to find 8 | The Saber | SPRING 2020

"We were asked basically to do more with less, which was a fair request. Everyone across the country had to do more with less. As the economy recovered, however, we haven’t necessarily seen that state budget recover." solutions now that we have a better sense of where the pain points are.”

Though The Saber reached out to President Markwood and five members of the provost for comment via email and several phone calls, The Saber was unable to receive a direct response from either. Markwood’s assistant offered to answer any questions but Markwood himself was unable to comment until after spring break, and the provost did not contact The Saber back after two phone calls.

The presentation demonstrating the results of this survey can be found on the CSU Faculty Senate Minutes page.

SPORTS

Esports at CSU CSU has established a new esports team which participate in competitive gaming.

T

he Esport Cougars began as a club of video game players that created a name for themselves through their wins, leading to them becoming an official team at CSU. They have been playing competitively for three years.

Sharon Renner, their head coach, is an avid player of esports that holds a Bachelor of Science in psychology from the University of Alabama at Birmingham with a Master of Public Health and Doctor in Philosophy in epidemiology from the University of Pittsburgh.

She has led the team to many wins using different strategies to guide the seven-member team through their competitions. Reener stated her goal for the team was to “build communications through team work to ultimately produce more wins.”

The team is currently on the path to this year's championship in the Peach Belt Conference held at Lander University in South Carolina. The CSU Cougars are competing against eleven other teams from universities in the region for this title. The Peach Belt Conference on Esports is centered on the game “League Of Legends,” a team-based strategy game where two teams of five face off to destroy the other’s base.

Practice makes perfect for this team, as winning can require a lot of time working with each other. Reener RICHARD P. YANCEY

MEDIA PROVIDED

shows dedication to the team’s perfection, holding practice every week on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Friday from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. in Davidson hall, with the weekends reserved for competitions.

The area of practice and competition for the Cougars is known as the Gigabit+ gaming room. This room has been financially backed by the team’s proud supporter Medicom; they have created an entire room in Davidson that is made specifically for gaming. CSU provides the team with the location in Davidson, as well as transportation and attire to make the team stand out amongst other Esport players.

The Esport Cougars are currently through the rankings this year. The team of Cougars are competing for prizes and scholarships in the collegiate Starleague to help pay for their tuition and educational needs. Reener stated that the team has plans to grow in the near future to include an additional seven players. This will increase the capabilities of the team, allowing them to further their success here at CSU. Students can follow the team on these platforms: Twitch: CsuEsport Facebook: Csu Esports Team Students interested in getting involved can email renner_sharan@columbusstate.edu.

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LIFEST YLE

Being on Your Own Transitioning from college to adulthood REBEKAH MELOY

C

EDDIE SAMPSON

ollege has different meanings for the students at Columbus State University, as well as past alumni.

Most students spend between two to eight years of their lives in college, whether they come in that first day already knowing the direction in which they would like to go in life, or start that first day without the faintest clue. A few CSU students spoke about how they are going to venture off on their own, with graduation and a brand new beginning ahead.

One of the most popular changes stated by these students was that they would have to adjust to not having the same normal routine that they have become accustomed to over the years.

“For the past three years, I’ve had a routine of being in school, so going from a strict morning to night routine to nothing, is going to be a little difficult,” said senior psychology major and criminal justice minor Julia Vroman. When asked what she is looking forward to after graduation, she laughed, “No more school, and no more 8 a.m. classes.”

Vroman mentioned that above all, she will miss the connections she made with the professors at CSU and the friendships she has created over the course of college. While graduation slightly intimidates her, she has already been living on her own for the past three years; therefore, the fear of leaving college is less threatening to this soon-to-be graduate.

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Isaiah Givan, a senior studying English Literature with a creative writing track, is also excited to be graduating this May. “I feel like I’ve done a lot of good work since I’ve been here, and I’m really looking forward to using my skills,” said Givan. He mentioned that over the years, he has made numerous friendships with his classmates, as well as the professors in the English department, and, now, he cannot wait to find a job where he can “express” himself and “make some money.”

Givan wants to focus on the entertainment industry in terms of writing for his future career, and plans on freelancing once he has graduated. With freelancing, he plans on working on screenplays, as well as playwriting to help him form a space for himself within this busy industry. Givan has a connection with the entertainment business because there is freedom to create and freedom to share.

“While we’re in college, that’s the beginning of our own individuality,” he said. Givan stated that while bills and “being broke” are his biggest fears when leaving college, he feels “like that’s standard for when you get out of school.”

Givan also realized that the type of job he will be searching for is going to be harder to find, but he would rather follow his passion than end up with a 9 to 5 job where he could not express who he is. Givan explained that depending on a student’s major, jobs

LIFEST YLE

"students should understand that graduation anxiety is common, it's not just happening to them"

can be easier to acquire, but artists typically have a harder time trying to land a job. While many higher up jobs are going to have openings, “someone is not always going to need a poem,” Givan comically adds.

CSU students seem to be counting down the days until graduation with more excitement than fear. 2017 CSU graduate Alex Travis was asked what she feared most when she graduated several spring semesters ago. “My biggest fear was the unknown – especially the uncertainty of being able to secure a professional job.”

Travis worked in the food industry during college to support herself.

“One year went by frighteningly fast after graduation,” she said. However, Travis applied for a job in higher education, and, immediately, she was no longer in the food industry but was able to use the skills she acquired in college.

“I miss the relationships with my professors in the Psychology department and wish I would have taken the opportunity to talk with them more than I did,” Travis said.

Students can find it hard to speak to professors out of fear that they won’t understand or won’t want to hear what they have to say, but in most cases, from what these students have mentioned, the situation is the exact opposite.

CSU professors have been a main reason as to why the graduating seniors are excited to be transitioning from college to the real world because of the advice and guidance they have each provided.

For those graduating, “Students should understand that graduation anxiety is common, it's not just happening to them,” said Dr. Mark Schmidt from the psychology department. Schmidt

also mentioned, “Specific fears seniors nearing graduation are likely to experience revolve around employment and student debt.”

Schmidt, along with students and faculty from the psychology department, advised CSU students to have people to talk to about the fears after graduation because, most likely, other students are going through that same fear.

Transitioning from college to adulthood can be both exciting and scary for many students, but this transition is where the real journey lies. Students discover the tools they need in college to follow their dreams and apply themselves in their future careers. Leaving college isn’t supposed to be easy, as many students have mentioned, but rather a challenge to fight for their rights to be who they want to be and follow their own passions.

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WOMEN'S HISTORY

A Timeline of Feminism With Literary Influences Dive into the waves of feminism in celebration of Women’s History Month PAIGE ADAMS

JESSICA DEMARCO-JACOBSON

proto-feminism The term proto-feminism is used to refer to the early philosophies of feminism in a time when the word was not yet used. These women were the pioneers of feminism; they were the swell before the waves that crashed upon the rocky shores of the patriarchy.

Mary Wollstonecraft - A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 1792 Wollstonecraft took a daring leap when she responded to several male views on human rights and women’s rights in what was one of the earliest works in the philosophical school of feminism, “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.” Wollstonecraft boldly argued for the proper education of women in ways that unapologetically called out specific works for their incredulously sexist views. Wollstonecraft set the stage for many feminists to come and initiated a declarative demand of freedom for feminists.

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First Wave - 1848-1950’s Amid the beginnings of feminism came the first wave, introduced by the famed Seneca Falls Convention in New York in 1848, organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton who was a leading activist in the early women’s rights movement. The Declaration of Sentiments brought forth at this convention set in motion the demand for women’s rights in matters of marriage, education, and mainly, the right to vote. The conversation had long been started, but this marked the moment that the voices demanded to be heard.

“It is time to effect a revolution in female manners - time to restore to them their lost dignity - and make them, as a part of the human species, labour by reforming themselves to reform the world. It is time to separate unchangeable morals from local manners.”

WOMEN'S HISTORY

Kate Chopin - “The Awakening” 1899 Chopin was among the frontrunners of first wave feminist literature and “The Awakening” was one of her most prominent works.

Chopin was highly influenced by French culture, being raised in the south of the United States but surrounded by French influences in her Louisiana-Creole heritage. Her novel depended on these influences, depicting a woman navigating her desires in the realization of her own self as a person separate from that of her husband and children.

This subject matter was risky and near scandalous to her American audience. Her work was received well by many, but was met with push back due to its controversial suggestions. Chopin’s protagonist deals with the psychological turmoil of exploring a freedom that she is not granted; societally, materially, emotionally, and sexually.

“But whatever came, she had resolved never again to belong to another than

herself.”

Simone de Beauvoir - “The Second Sex” 1949 “The Second Sex” of 1949 is a work of the French existentialist feminist, Simone de Beauvoir.

The book, in a fashion ahead of its time, recognizes the male as the default and the female as the “other.” Beauvoir highlights the male domination of women and rejects ideas of those such as Sigmund Freud and Friedrich Engels. She further called out religion for their oppression of women. Beauvoir addressed the misunderstandings of women’s biology and psychology, discussing mensturation, sex, virginity, marriage, motherhood, and prostitution. Beauvoir boldly addressed feminist issues, setting the path for second wavers.

Second Wave1960s-1970s.

While the first wave of feminism had made its strides for gender equality and the right to vote, second wavers looked to expand on the work of their predecessors by addressing issues such as sexuality, marriage and divorce, reproductive rights, and women in the workplace. These issues were all quite lacking looking back to the first wave, with women such as Chopin depicted. Writers began to explore feminism as a theory and a way to approach an interpretation of many of the canonical texts that are taught in schools still today, allowing for a broader understanding of female depictions in literature and academia.

“Representation of the world, like the world itself, is the work of men; they describe it from their own point of view, which they confuse with absolute truth.”

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WOMEN'S HISTORY

“Better never means better for everyone...

It always means worse, for some.”

Margaret Atwood - The Handmaid’s Tale 1986 Margaret Atwood’s “The Handmaid’s Tale,” is a feminist, cautionary tale depicted through a dystopian society that mimicked the issues of her own society in a dramatized fashion. Atwood approached her dystopia with feminist theory in mind and called for autonomy through an eerily accurate social dramatization. Atwood’s dystopian novel was a defining text for the feminist literary movement.

Atwood takes the dystopian novel and makes it something far fetched, and yet frighteningly real, that it can’t be ignored. Atwood’s work has overflowed into the fourth wave as her work is yet again depicted through the popular platform of television streaming services as it first aired on Hulu in 2017.

Kate Millett - “Sexual Politics” 1970 Kate Millett’s “Sexual Politics was among the first of feminist literary criticism. Millett’s book examines the works of writers such as D. H. Lawrence, Henry James, Sigmund Freud, John Ruskin, and John Stuart Mill in attempt to dissect their patriarchal depictions of women in society and their opinions of their counter-sex. Millett’s work was greatly influenced by that of Beauvoir from the first wave of feminism although Millett’s leaned toward being more emotionally charged and the evolving group of radical feminists of the second wave.

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Third wave 1990’s-2000’s Amid the evolution of feminism third wavers were both reacting to their predecessors as well as evolving from them, moving on to issues such as sexual harassment, gender-role stereotypes, and intersectionality—a term coined amid the third wave where it found its platform, by Kimberly Williams Cremshaw, an American Civil Rights Activist. Intersectionality explores oppression as a layering of various biases one may experience based on gender, race, and social class. With the introduction of the internet, feminists were able to garner attention on a greater scale, pressuring the interests of the movement against its patriarchal society.

WOMEN'S HISTORY

Rebecca Walker “Becoming The Third Wave” 1992

ORIGINAL IMAGE © DAVID FENTON

“Let this dismissal of a woman’s experience move you to anger.

Turn that outrage into political power.

Rebecca Walker, daughter of Alice Walker known for her work, “The Color Purple,” garnered her own literary attention as she coined the term “third wave feminism” in an article published in "Ms. Magazine" in 1992. Walker claimed, “I am the third wave,” after reacting to the Anita Hill hearing of 1991. Hill, an African American woman, lawyer, and academic, accused her superior, supreme court nominee, Clarence Thomas, of sexual harassment. Hill’s claims were ultimately dismissed. Thomas went on to receive confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States. Walker, feeling the impending pressures of a patriarchal society took to her platform to take a stand.

Fourth wave 2012-present The most recent fourth wave of feminism has evolved amid the age of social media, allowing for even greater scales of communication with women across the world.

Fourth wavers strive for the empowerment of women seeking full autonomy, individualism, equal opportunity, speaking out against abusers and, and inclusivity. While prior waves have worked in spite of their patriarchal counterparts, fourth wavers seek to gain the support of their society’s men in order to make greater strides to work against those with male-serving agendas.

Do not vote for them unless they work for us.

Do not have sex with them, do not break bread with them, do not nurture them if they don’t prioritize our freedom to control our bodies and our lives. I am not a postfeminism feminist. I am the Third Wave.”

“Men explain things to me, still. And no man has ever apologized for explaining, wrongly, things that I know and they don't.”

Rebecca Solnit - Men Explain things to me 2008 — expanded edition 2015 Rebecca Solnit’s “Men Explain Things to Me” is a collection of essays that address various aspects of women under a patriarchal society. Each of Solnit’s essays discuss topics such as the silencing of the female voice, violence and rape against women, marriage, and the inclination to not listening to women who speak out against their abusers.

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SUSTAINABILIT Y

look good guilt-free Sustainable and cruelty-free beauty, self-care, and consumerism

A

ccording to the National Anti-Vivisection Society, animal testing has been used since the early 20th century to test products such as makeup for safety and effectiveness before releasing them to the public. Many of these tests cause irritation in animals and can potentially be lethal while often remaining ineffective.

Many mainstream beauty, hygiene, and self-care products found in drugstores are currently tested on animals; however, many current brands are switching to cruelty-free practices alongside emerging cruelty-free brands that also utilize ethically sourced ingredients. Ethical beauty brands now range from drugstore to high-end and can be found in many locations, whether it be your local Target or Sephora. Cruelty-free products can be identified by the Leaping Bunny or CrueltyFree Bunny logo found on the labels.

Here is a list of brands that are currently Leaping Bunny certified and cruelty-free:

Makeup, Lashes, Brushes, and Beauty Tools: • e.l.f.

• NYX • Too Faced • Tarte • Fenty • Pacifica • Colourpop • Milk Makeup • Glossier • BH Cosmetics

• Covergirl • IT Cosmetics • Urban Decay • Ardell, Becca • Ecotools • Marc Jacobs Beauty • Milani • Real Techniques • Beauty Blender

Hygiene, Moisturizer, Shower Products, Hair Care, and Deodorant: • Love Beauty and Planet • EOS • Lush • Ogx • Native • Bumble and Bumble

• Living Proof • Tom’s of Maine • Trader Joe’s • Whole Foods • The Body Shop • Bath and Body Works • Function of Beauty

Fragrance: • Good Chemistry • Lush • Pacifica • The Body Shop

• Bath and Body Works • H&M

nail polish: • Piggy Paint • China Glaze • Ella+Mila • Pacifica

• Defy&Inspire • L.A. Colors • Color Club

Skincare: • Pacifica • Yes To • Milk Makeup • Glossier • Drunk Elephant • Sunday Riley 16 | The Saber | SPRING 2020

• Tarte • Trader Joe’s • Whole Foods • The Body Shop • Curology

Certain companies and stores, such as Lush and The Body Shop, will also accept empty plastics and containers once their products have been used.

Return these containers to participating stores to help eliminate plastic waste. For a complete list of Leaping Bunny certified cruelty-free companies, visit features.peta.org/cruelty-free-company-search.

NASTASIA ROZENBERG

SUSTAINABILIT Y

SPRING 2020

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SUSTAINABILIT Y

I Would Like to Be More Sustainable

but...

A guide to the easiest changes to maintain a sustainable life

“I don’t exactly know what that means.”

Environmental sustainability is about developing habits that avoid negatively impacting the future of generations while still meeting the immediate needs of the present. Many people are not familiar with the concept or find it daunting.

Forming new habits can be hard, but there are many small ways to incorporate sustainability into your home life.

“I prefer to take cheaper routes.”

Sustainability doesn’t have to cost money but should, in fact, help save money. The reduction of waste through making a habit of home-making products and fixing or revamping personal items will reveal endless achievable savings.

“Shopping at thrift stores is difficult because I rarely find my size.”

Thrift shopping can be a major money saver and a way to spice up your wardrobe with new-to-you and vintage items.

Thrift shopping can also help support local businesses.

Unfortunately, the size selections may be less than what a large corporate store might have. An easy solution is to find items in a larger size and later alter at home. Any clothing item can become completely new with a little bit of sewing effort and will also allow for a perfect custom-to-you fit.

18 | The Saber | SPRING 2020

PAIGE ADAMS & LUKA STEELE

DIY two-sided tee • Take two t-shirts (will be easier if they are of similar size and fabric. Can be with or without graphics, your choice) • Cut both shirts down the center

• Choose which sides of the shirts you want to keep • Turn the chosen pieces inside out • Pin the front together and sew with ~1/2 inch seam allowance (try not to stretch the fabric unevenly) • Pin the back together and sew with ~1/2 inch seam allowance • Done!

“I only get so many rewears out of an item before it falls apart.”

Take up sewing as a habit. A broken strap on a dress or a snag on a blouse does not have to result in a complete loss. Repairing minor flaws on a wardrobe favorite only requires minimal knowledge of stitching techniques.

If you don’t own a sewing machine, hand sewing may be more time consuming but can be very useful as well.

There are many ways to revamp or take in clothing items without the help of a sewing machine. Small tears can be repaired, and straps can be reattached through some simple hand sewing with just a needle and a thread. If you’re familiar with sewing, then try some complete t-shirt revamps, like this two-sided tee.

MELISSA AREIZA

LUKA STEELE & ASHLEY PETERSON

Scan the QR code to watch the video this tutorial came from!

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“I don’t know how to sew.”

No sew, no problem! If you don’t know how to sew, you can take advantage of some no-sew tricks to update the fit of a thrift store find or an old t-shirt or even to give a new style to an item. A t-shirt can be edited into a crop top, a completely new style, or even a brand new accessory with just the use of scissors. Check out some no-sew DIY revamps on some thrift finds here.

Turn an old crop top into a cute hair accessory by cutting off a strip from the bottom and twisting it into a headband.

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Turn old over sized T-shirts into new-to-you, trendy tops. Cut out a v-neck, shoulder accents, or even off for a crop top or fringe for added style.

Turn an old top into a cute tote bag. Cut the sleeves and the neck to create the handles.

Next turn your shirt inside out, cut fringe at the end, then tie the fringe pieces together to create the bag shape. Flip it back right-sideout and you have your bag!

SUSTAINABILIT Y

“I can’t afford to make my own cleaning products,” or, “I don’t have the time.”

Making your own cleaning products can turn out to be much cheaper than purchasing ready-made cleaners.

Making your own products will allow you to clean your home while having the comfort of knowing that you’re not exposing yourself or others to harsh chemicals such as bleach and ammonia. Some easy starting points for a sustainable home can be a homemade laundry detergent and all-purpose cleaning spray.

All-purpose cleaning spray Yields 1 bottle

What you’ll need: 1 cup water, 1 cup

distilled white vinegar, 15-20 drops of your favorite essential oil, 1 upcycled spray bottle from your last spray cleaner purchase—rinsed thoroughly and cleaned of any labels.

Directions: Combine all ingredients into the spray bottle and lightly shake to combine all contents.

All-purpose cleaning spray (WITHOUT VINEGAR) Yields 1 bottle What you’ll need: 2 cups of water, 2

tablespoons of castile soap—a vegetablebased liquid soap made from natural ingredients, which can be found at a local grocery store in the laundry and/ or cleaning supplies aisles, 15-20 drops of your favorite essential oil, 1 upcycled spray bottle from your last spray cleaner purchase—rinsed thoroughly and cleaned of any labels.

Directions: Combine all ingredients, adding the water first, into the spray bottle and lightly shake to combine all contents.

DIY Laundry detergent Yields 20 gallons detergent What you’ll need: One 10 gallon

bucket with a lid— can be found at a local hardware store as a one time reusable purchase, 1 bar Fels-Naptha laundry soap, 1 cup Borax detergent boosting powder, 1 cup Arm and Hammer super washing soda—these items can all be found on the laundry soap aisle at any local grocery store for around a $10 total, and the powders will last you multiple batches.

Other tools: A cheese grater,a medium to large sized pot,a large whisk, and easy sink access for lots of water.

Directions: -Bring 8 cups of water to a light boil on medium heat.

-Grate your Fels-Naptha soap bar over a cutting board or plate for easy transfer.

-Combine with boiling water, stir the shredded soap mix with a whisk periodically as it melts down.

-Add Borax powder and super washing soda to the bucket.

-Fill with warm water to a halfway point.

-Once your shredded soap and water mixture is melted, combine the contents into the bucket mixture.

-Stir with the whisk, filling the remaining volume with water.

-You may add essential oils for a scent if you like. Your result should be a thin liquid mixture. -Set overnight, and the mixture will gel over into a thick liquid detergent, requiring another whisking the next day.

-Transfer to an easy to dispense container—an old laundry detergent container works well—with equal parts detergent and water.

-Shake thoroughly. One load of laundry calls for one capful of final mixture.

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COMICS

EDDIE SAMPSON

JESSICA DEMARCO-JACOBSON

JADE THORNTON

22 | The Saber | SPRING 2020

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