Space Observer January 28, 2021

V O L . 65 NO. 4

T H U R S DAY, JA N UA RY 28 , 2021

SPACE OBSERVER P E T E R S O N

A I R

F O R C E

B A S E

(U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Andrew Bertain)

21ST SFS OPENS NEW MWD KENNEL

BY AIRMAN 1ST CLASS BROOKE WISE PETERSON-SCHRIEVER GARRISON

(U.S. Space Force photo by Airman 1st Class Brooke Wise)

Peterson-Schriever Garrison and 21st Security Forces Squadron leadership cut the ribbon to celebrate the opening of the new military working dog kennel Jan. 14, at Peterson Air Force Base.

The new kennel will replace a facility that has housed Peterson’s military working dogs since 1981. The facility will have a full veterinary suite as well as expanded office space for Defenders.

INSIDE

SPACE FORCE EXISTS TO DEAL WITH THREATS IN SPACE PAGE 2

NEWS 1-8 | CLASSIFIED 9 | CROSSWORD 11

ADMINISTRATION OVERTURNS TRANSGENDER EXCLUSION PAGE 4

ROTH TO SERVE AS ACTING SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE PAGE 4

RECREATION AND LEISURE EVENTS PAGE 1B

SPECIAL SECTION

Space Force exists to deal with threats in space domain, vice chairman says

By David Vergun | DOD NEWS

Threats by Russia and China to deny U.S. access and capability in space make the Space Force critical to national security, said the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Air Force Gen. John E. Hyten, spoke at an online National Security Space Association "Space Time" event today.

Critical space assets include GPS; missile warning; reconnaissance; and position, navigation and timing.

"Russia and China are building capabilities to challenge us in space because if they can challenge us in space, they understand as dependent as we are in space capabilities that they can challenge us as a nation," Hyten said.

"Therefore, it is our responsibility as leaders of the defense enterprise to make sure that we continue to educate the population about the threats that we face and, then, put forth recommendations to deal with those threats in a rapid, responsive way," he said.

In a time of conflict, DOD must deny adversaries access to space while maintaining its own freedom to maneuver in that domain, he mentioned.

Russia and China are both building antisatellite weapons and other military space assets at an alarmingly fast rate, he noted.

As a result, the department has to go fast in defining joint requirements and delivering capable systems to counter the threat, he said. "We accelerate because our adversaries are accelerating."

(Photo By: Marine Corps Cpl. Seth Rosenberg)

Marine Corps Cpl. Christopher Hoang and Lance Cpl. Zachary Juteau, satellite transmission systems operators with the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit, perform checks on a very small aperture terminal – large during a communications exercise at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Calif., Dec. 7, 2020.

In going fast, you have to accept a certain amount of risk, he added.

Besides moving fast, Hyten said space systems programs need to have agility and adaptability built into them.

presents

He noted there's bipartisan support for the Space Force, and he expects the newest service, along with Space Command, to continue to make great strides in the new administration.

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Space Delta 7 sustains information dominance for USSF By 2nd Lt. Remington Sawade | PETERSON-SCHRIEVER GARRISON PETERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Colo. — Space Delta 7 is the operational Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance element of the U.S. Space Force, whose mission is to execute global ISR operations to gain and maintain information dominance in the space domain. Given the U.S. Space Force’s formal induction as the 18th member of the U.S. Intelligence Community on Jan. 8, 2021, the significance of Space Delta 7’s mission has never been greater.

“Space Delta 7 was activated July 24, 2020 to deliver tactical ISR to the leading edge of space operations like no unit has delivered before,” said Space Delta 7 Commander Col. Chandler Atwood. “To provide critical indications and warning of potential hostile acts to our space assets, the space ISR enterprise must shift to a more tactical, time-driven mind-set, driving actionable intelligence to space operations. Space Delta 7 is ready to answer that call,” said Atwood.

Space Delta 7, located at Peterson Air Force Base, is critical to the USSF mission.

“Our job is to know and understand more about our adversaries than they know about us, and to inform the rest of the USSF operations community of how to counter the threats,” said Space Delta 7 Superintendent Chief Master Sgt. Thomas Drake.

Space Delta 7, comprised of former intelligence flights previously spread throughout the prior Air Force space operations squadrons, is at the forefront of a very unique and challenging ISR mission for the USSF. “While other branches of the service may conduct ISR through and from space, we are conducting ISR

(U.S. Space Force graphic by Maj. Nathaniel Amsden, Senior Master Sgt. Justin Michaels and Tech Sgt Cory Martin)

Space Delta 7 activated July 24, 2020 as a functional component of the U.S. Space Force. Space Delta 7 is the operational Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) element of the USSF. The ISR Delta provides critical, time sensitive and actionable intelligence for space domain operations to allow for the detection, characterization and targeting of adversary space capabilities.

through, from and for space operations,” said Drake.

This methodology behind their operations allows Space Delta 7 Airmen and Guardians to test the boundaries and abilities of traditional intelligence operations compared to Air Force ISR squadrons, said Tech Sgt. Kevin Fristoe, TISROC Flight Chief, 72nd ISR Squadron.

He also said a distinct aspect of Space Delta 7 is its focus on supporting real world operations, whereas traditional ISR tends to assist with intelligence acquisition and development.

“The ISR missions under Delta 7 will continue to follow the rules and regulations of conducting [intelligence operations], but will also explore new ways to advance intel support directly to the warfighter,” said Fristoe.

The structure of Space Delta 7 is based on the goal of maintaining the most effective intelligence stream from analysts to operators possible. Tech Sgt. Stephen Zielinski, NCOIC Intel Operations, Detachment 8, 71st ISR Squadron described it as a simplified structure placing all intelligence personnel into one organization.

“Having all intelligence personnel who support the space domain under one commander drives fusion between all space force intelligence capabilities. This allows intelligence personnel to leverage our unique capabilities and provide the space warfighters with the most accurate and relevant information to support the mission,” said Zielinski.

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See Delta 7 page 8

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Biden administration overturns transgender exclusion policy

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President Joseph R. Biden signed an executive order overturning the previous administration's ban on the service of transgender individuals in the military.

"America is stronger, at home and around the world, when it is inclusive," states a White House news release. "The military is no exception."

The order affects the Defense Department and the Department of Homeland Security for actions with the U.S. Coast Guard.

President Joe Biden signed an executive order overturning the ban on the service of transgender individuals in the military.

Defense Secretary Lloyd J. Austin III fully supports President Biden's decision. In a written statement he said that all transgender individuals "who wish to serve in the United States military and can meet the appropriate standards shall be able to do so openly and free from discrimination."

The secretary insisted the change is not only the right thing to do, but also the smart thing. In this, he echoed the White House statement that "the all-volunteer force thrives when it is composed of diverse Americans who can meet the rigorous standards for military service, and an inclusive military strengthens our national security."

"The United States armed forces are in the business of defending our fellow citizens from our enemies, foreign and domestic," Austin said. "I believe we accomplish that mission more effectively when we represent all our fellow citizens.

I also believe we should avail ourselves of the best possible talent in our population, regardless of gender identity. We would be rendering ourselves less fit to the task if we excluded from our ranks people who meet our standards and who have

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SPACE OBSERVER PETERSON AIR FORCE BASE

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GRIFFIN SWARTZELL Published by Colorado Springs Military Newspapers Group, 235 S. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, 80903, a private firm in no way connected with the U.S. Air Force, under exclusive written contract with the Peterson/ Schriever Garrison. This commercial enterprise Air Force newspaper is an authorized publication for members of the U.S. military services.

Contents of the Space Observer are not necessarily the official views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government, the Department of Defense or the Department of the Air Force.

The appearance of advertising in this publication, including inserts or supplements, does not constitute endorsement by DoD, the Department of the Air Force, or CSMNG, of the products or services advertised. Everything advertised in this publication shall be made available for purchase, use or patronage without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, marital status, physical handicap, political affiliation or any other non-merit factor of the purchaser, user or patron.

Editorial content is edited, prepared and provided bby the Peterson/Schriever Garrison Public Affairs Office, 775 Loring Ave., Suite 219, Peterson AFB, Colo., 809141294, (719) 556-5185 or DSN 834-5185, fax (719) 5567848 or DSN 834-7848. All photographs are Air Force photographs unless otherwise indicated.

The Space Observer is published every Thursday. For advertising inquiries, call Colorado Springs Military Newspapers, (719) 634-5905. Employees of Peterson Air Force Base who want to place a free classified advertisement should call (719) 329-5210.

Articles, announcements, news briefs or feedback for the Space Observer should be submitted to the P-S GAR via space.observer@us.af.mil. For further information, to the P-S GAR at (719) 556-5185 or DSN 834-5185 or e-mail space.observer@us.af.mil. Deadline for article submission is noon the Friday one week before publication. All articles, copy and announcements submitted will be edited to conform to AFI Series 35 and the Associated Press Stylebook and Libel Manual.

For information in the event of a Peterson Air Force Base emergency, contact the Straight Talk line at (719) 556-9154.

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the skills and the devotion to serve in uniform."

The secretary told the military departments to immediately ensure individuals who identify as transgender are eligible to enter and serve in their self-identified gender.

In the order, Biden directed the defense secretary and the secretary of homeland security to ensure that all directives, orders, regulations and policies of their respective departments are consistent with the new order. "This means no one will be separated or discharged, or denied reenlistment, solely on the basis of gender identity," the White House news release said. "Prospective recruits may serve in their self-identified gender when they have met the appropriate standards for accession into the military services."

Sailors and Marines receive transgender training aboard the amphibious assault ship USS Bataan in the Atlantic Ocean, Jan. 18, 2017.

The policy also ensures all medically-necessary transition related care authorized by law is available to all service members.

The executive order also immediately prohibits "involuntary separations, discharges and denials of reenlistment or continuation of service on the basis of gender identity. It also calls for an immediate start to the identification and examination of the records of service members who have been involuntarily separated, discharged or denied reenlistment or continuation of service on the basis of gender identity. It provides for the correction of military records.

"Over the next 60 days, I look forward to working with the senior civilian and military leaders of the department as we expeditiously develop the appropriate policies and procedures to implement these changes," Austin wrote.

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Roth to serve as acting Secretary of the Air Force

By Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs

WASHINGTON (AFNS) — John P. Roth will serve as the Acting Secretary of the Air Force as of Jan. 20, until the President nominates and the Senate confirms a permanent replacement.

Roth succeeds Barbara Barrett, who served as the 25th Secretary of the Air Force from Oct. 18, 2019, until Jan. 20.

Roth has served as the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management and Comptroller since January 2018. From May 2019 to December 2020, he also performed the duties of Under Secretary of the Air Force, a role he held from June to October 2019.

“It is a privilege to serve Airmen and Guardians as the Acting Secretary of the Air Force,” Roth said.

“Protecting the nation is a solemn responsibility; one that the U.S. Air and Space Forces execute daily without fail. I look forward to working side-by-side with Gen. (Charles Q. Brown, Jr.) and Gen. (John W.) Raymond to ensure our Airmen and Guardians have the training and resources required to meet national security requirements and keep America safe.

“I’m eager to continue the momentum Secretary Barrett and these two great military leaders put into motion as we work together to accelerate change for our Air Force and continue building America’s Space Force,” he said.

As acting secretary, Roth leads the Department of the Air Force, comprised of the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force. He is responsible for organizing, training and equipping Air and Space Forces and for the welfare of 697,000 active duty, Guard, Reserve, and civilian Airmen and Guardians and their families.

DoD extends deadline for Tenant Satisfaction Survey

By Zoe Schlott | AIR FORCE INSTALLATION AND MISSION SUPPORT CENTER PUBLIC AFFAIRS JOINT BASE SAN ANTONIO-LACKLAND, Texas (AFNS) — The Department of Defense is extending the deadline for Air Force housing residents to complete the annual Tenant Satisfaction Survey to Feb. 5 to ensure residents have an opportunity to voice their opinions.

“The more residents who respond, the better we can gauge what is happening at our housing projects, and continue improving our programs,” said Robert E. Moriarty, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Headquarters Air Force. “This is a chance for residents to directly speak to Air Force leadership about their housing needs.”

In December 2020, a third-party firm hired by the Air Force to distribute the survey and collect data sent a total of 60,684 electronic survey invitations to residents in privatized and government-owned housing. To date, an average of 24.3% of residents across 66 housing projects have responded to the survey. For the 14 governmentowned projects, the average response rate sits at 18.8%. With

around two weeks left to respond Air Force leadership is urging residents to take the time and complete the survey.

“The Air Force Civil Engineer Center, project owners and Military Housing Offices are working tirelessly to provide safe, healthy homes in which Airmen want to reside,” said Col. Sara Deaver, Air Force Housing Division chief. “We know where to put our efforts based on the data residents provide annually via the satisfaction survey.”

Deaver said the anonymous feedback serves to make the Air Force more conscientious stewards of taxpayer dollars by ensuring the housing program budget is allocated to provide and sustain quality homes for Airmen and their families today and in the future.

If a resident wishes to provide feedback, but has not yet received the survey link via email, they are encouraged to email CEL & Associates at AirForceHousingSurvey@celassociates.com for assistance. The Office of Management and Budget control number for this survey is OMB 0704-0553.

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DOD uses 3D-printing to create N95 respirators

By Jeffrey Soares | MEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity's Warfighter Expeditionary Medicine and Treatment Project Management Office, as part of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command's Additive Manufacturing Working Group, has played an integral role in the ramped-up effort to produce N95 respirators for health care and frontline workers across the nation.

As stated on the Food and Drug Administration's website, an N95 respirator is "a respiratory protective device designed to achieve a very close facial fit and very efficient filtration of airborne particles." Compared to a surgical mask, which is loose-fitting, the edges of the N95 mask are designed to form a very tight seal around the individual's nose and mouth, providing the highest levels of protection against infection from COVID-19.

Air Force Maj. Daniel Williams serves as product manager of the WEMT PMO's N95 respirator efforts at USAMMDA. These include coordinating programmatic and regulatory support, leveraging existing government resources and developing synergies within the Defense Department's organic industrial base to successfully generate N95 respirator products. He explained that his primary task is to ensure the medical device meets military needs and regulatory requirements, and that development of the

product remains on schedule and within budget.

In a recent interview, Williams offered a great deal of insight with regard to USAMMDA's N95 respirator efforts, and the work to produce and distribute these products as quickly as possible in the battle against the spread of COVID-19 throughout our nation and the world.

As product manager within the WEMT PMO, please describe your responsibilities in regard to the N95 respirator effort.

The N95 effort is a slightly atypical experience, in that we are primarily working with DOD partners who have never manufactured medical devices. However, they have extensive experience in various methods of manufacturing, including additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional, or 3D printing. So, our primary responsibility is assisting these DOD manufacturers in navigating the medical device world, including compliance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health regulations.

Further, we facilitate test and evaluation of their products, by leveraging DOD laboratories and government partners to obtain performance feedback on respirator prototypes.

Please describe the features of the N95 respirator, and why this device is superior to others currently on the market. What is See Respirators page 7

(Photo By: Jeffrey Soares, Army)

Air Force Maj. Daniel Williams demonstrates the fit of an N95 elastomeric half-mask respirator.

Williams serves as product manager of the Warfighter Expeditionary Medicine and Treatment Project Management Office's N95 respirator efforts at the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity.

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its significance, especially with regard to COVID-19?

It's not so much superiority as it is availability. One of the highest levels of respiratory protection for medical purposes, to include viral infection, is a NIOSH-certified N95 respirator. These come in multiple forms, but all are held to the same standard of filtering at least 95% of relevant particles, such as the Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 virus. Most people are familiar with what is called an FFR, or a filtering facepiece respirator. These are the standard disposable, one-time-use products typically worn by our health care workers. However, at this time, these types of masks are nearly impossible to 3D-print.

Our group has been working on what is called an elastomeric half-mask respirator, which is a reusable frame produced by a 3D printer, with a disposable media or cartridge that filters at the 95% level.

When the pandemic hit, the on-hand supply of N95 respirators, specifically FFRs, was quickly exhausted and traditional N95 manufacturers were not prepared to meet this new demand. Therefore, the primary purpose of the N95 working group is to develop N95 respirators to supplement existing supplies of respirators, as well as to develop new manufacturing capabilities within the DOD's organic industrial base, which consists of military arsenals, maintenance depots and ammunition factories. Ensuring the DOD has the capability to independently manufacture protective respiratory devices will help to protect frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it will also help to maintain our military readiness in the face of future pandemics or biothreats.

Please detail the current status of the N95 program, and explain what lies ahead.

Currently, we've partnered with multiple organizations across the DOD including the Army, Navy, Coast Guard, and the Defense Logistics Agency to support N95 respirator design, manufacturing and distribution through existing logistics. To date, we've facilitated testing of 18 iterations of respirator design, and two have successfully passed preliminary evaluation at the Army's Combat Capabilities Development Command's Chemical Biological Center.

Our next steps will be to assist these manufacturers with the NIOSH application and process, to obtain an N95 certification for these respirators. Further, we are continuously seeking new partners within the DOD who have N95-related efforts, so that we may be able to assist.

The COVID-19 pandemic has clearly illustrated that civilian medical supply chains were unprepared to rapidly scale-up production of critical medical supplies such as medical personal protective equipment, including N95 respirators. Although this crisis will end, the next one could come along at any time. Additionally, the impact of critical medical supply shortages on military readiness could occur again in future

battlefields from natural pandemics or biothreat agents. By continuing to focus on producing medical devices within the DOD organic industrial base, we can translate the lessons we've learned with medical personal protective equipment shortages into better preparedness for the next medical crisis, as well as for future conflicts in a multi-domain operational environment.

Why was the WEMT PMO tasked with the N95 respirator effort?

The WEMT PMO's everyday mission is to develop and deliver medical devices to our service partners in the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, our program office was able to naturally pivot and leverage our staff's medical product development expertise and apply it to the crisis at hand.

This is truly what project managers do — we find creative ways to deliver effective, suitable and timely medical solutions when and where they are needed most.

Please list the other members of the N95 respirator program team and detail their responsibilities in the overall effort.

The team has been phenomenal and is comprised of many professionals. However, the N95 program is actually a subgroup of the USAMRDC's Additive Manufacturing Working Group, and nothing could have been accomplished without its assistance and guidance. The AMWG oversees three specific product lines: diagnostic swabs, ventilator parts and accessories, and the N95 respirator. As the lead for the N95 line of effort, I was tasked with outlining FDA and NIOSH requirements, initiating agreements between organizations and leading an N95 working group to facilitate collaboration amongst all of our partners.

The N95 team specifically, can really be split into three different components, and we'd be nowhere without the ongoing collaborative effort from each component. First are our manufacturing partners, the U.S. Navy Underwater Warfare Center-Keyport, U.S. Forces Korea, Defense Logistics Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. These organizations have the technical and subject matter expertise to not only design an N95 respirator, but actually to produce it through additive manufacturing methods.

Second is our AMWG team members at USAMRDC, comprised of the Office of Regulated Activities, Office of the Principal Assistant for Acquisition, Legal office, and USAMMDA's Office of Research and Technology Applications and the WEMT PMO. The USAMRDC ensures all regulatory requirements for the respirator have been met, appropriate agreements are in place between organizations, and that any concerns with patents or intellectual property on the respirator designs have been addressed. It also provides clinical expertise on potential products, and facilitates test and evaluation of N95 respirator prototypes.

See Respirators page 8

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Last, but certainly not least, is the Army's Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center. The CCDC CBC has been evaluating all forms of respirators for decades, and has an unparalleled knowledge of respirator design and evaluation. Once our manufacturing partners have produced a prototype, it is sent to CCDC CBC for evaluation to determine whether it will meet the NIOSH standards for an N95 respirator. The CCDC CBC has been critical in providing performance feedback and offering design suggestions for our manufacturers, allowing iterative prototyping to expedite development of respirators.

Other than for the current pandemic, what are some other uses of the N95 mask?

The N95 was thrust into the spotlight due to COVID-19 being an airborne respiratory illness. However, the N95 respirator has long been used as medical PPE to prevent against other airborne illnesses, as well as in industrial settings to protect workers against airborne environmental toxins. Therefore, even when the COVID-19 pandemic ends, the N95 respirator will still be a much-needed product in these types of situations.

Is there anything else you would like to say regarding the N95 working group?

Tireless effort is put in on a daily basis, from N95 working group members, internal and external to USAMMDA and USAMRDC, to USAMMDA's higher headquarters.

It has been such an honor to work with such an amazing group of professionals, spanning the medical and non-medical communities, and a truly unique experience to see so many different specialties come together for a common goal. I am extremely grateful to have been a part of it, and I would like to say a sincere "thank you" to everyone involved!

USAMMDA is a subordinate command of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, under the Army Futures Command. As the premier developer of world-class military medical capabilities, USAMMDA is responsible for developing and delivering critical products designed to protect and preserve the lives of warfighters across the globe. These products include drugs, vaccines, biologics, devices and medical support equipment intended to maximize survival of casualties on the battlefield.

Delta 7 FROM PAGE 3

and assets has made it an invaluable partner for the other Space Deltas.

“Our partnership with the other [Space] Deltas is probably one of the biggest success stories of Delta 7. We have, in each and every one of the mission Deltas, a Delta 7 intelligence detachment baked into [them]. That provides seamless, on-demand and integrated ISR support for each of the other Deltas,” said Drake.

The integrated support of partner Deltas is made possible by the information dominance focus of Space Delta 7. In his own words, Fristoe explained information dominance for the Space Force as having a strategic advantage over adversaries in relation to their space capabilities.

This can prove to be a complex objective due to the sometimes informal and always evolving space domain. Despite the challenge, Zielinski was confident the Guardians and Airmen of Delta 7 were more than capable of accomplishing the mission.

Staying ahead of competitors in the space and information domains will continue to hold the focus of Space Delta 7 going forward as well. According to Drake, they will remain operationally focused and continue to ensure the ISR data collected meets the needs of the other Deltas.

“The key for us is [information dominance]. It can’t just be a buzz word.

We have to own the information environment so we can make decisions at the speed of relevance and at the speed of war,” said Drake.

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HOMES FOR RENT

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ACROSS 1 Plank targets 4 Like 28-Down: Abbr.

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56 57 60 62

64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Bronte heroine Shake Mall feature *Earnings you keep ... or, read differently, what happens in the starred answers?

Long ___ “Boring!”

Nail polish brand Came together Soon, to Shakespeare Good name for a college administrator?

Biblical beast

DOWN 1 Diva’s audition piece 2 Largest city in Catalonia 3 Band with the multiplatinum album “Aja” 4 Painter Joan born in 2-Down 5 “Hold on ___!”

6 Bundle of wheat 7 “C’mon, please?”

8 Guatemala gold 9 Soothing brew 10 Like most Nepalis 11 Start of a clarification 13 Shining 15 Ophthalmologist’s concern 18 They brood

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23 25 26 27 28 32 33 35 36 37 39 40 43 45 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 58 59 61 63

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