2355 Northside Dr. Suite 350 San Diego, CA 92108
C&S at SAN... Experienced
Knowledgeable
Responsive
Relationship DRIVEN
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“Over the past several years I have had the benefit of working with the C&S Team on a variety of projects here at SAN, and have continually been impressed with their professionalism and industry knowledge as it relates to Airport Construction. Their support in the development of our $200 million Airside Development Project has been collaborative, thorough and tempered with extensive experience that has efficiently moved the project planning efforts forward in a timely manner. I have greatly appreciated their tremendous project management and organizational abilities that they have demonstrated with a number of key governmental and external
For more than fifty years, C&S has focused on improving the world around us. Our versatile group of experts work as an integrated team, identifying and implementing well-rounded, comprehensive, and resilient solutions. The diversity of our abilities is unique in our industry, enabling us to support an incredible range of project types and specialties. We can streamline the delivery of even the most complicated multi-discipline projects by drawing on our significant in-house resources. Our experts collaborate and combine their knowledge to deliver the best solutions to each client. We are as proficient at complex, diverse, multimillion-dollar projects as we are at small projects involving only one trade. Coordinating projects from inception through construction provides a continuity of service that our clients rely on. C&S works for local, state, and federal government; the private sector; industry; developers; and the military.
stakeholders. These combined skills have been paramount to the success of several large scale airfield construction efforts, and I look forward to working closely with them in the future." Dean Robbins Manager, Airside Operations San Diego Country Regional Airport Authority
C&S Qualified Roles for SAN Terminal 2 East Modernization ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
Airside/Landside Civil FAA Advisory, Grant & Compliance Support Stakeholder Engagement Sustainability
C&S EXPERIENCE AT SAN T
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Denotes directly applicable experience to T2E Modernization
A. Receiving and Distribution Center (RDC)- Prime Civil H. Design, Construction Support, LEED I. B. North Side Vehicular Service Road and Drainage Improvements – Design and Construction Support J. C. Terminal 2 Loop Roadway Improvements – Design D. Admiral Boland Way Entry/Exit Gates – Design and K. E. F. G.
NAVAIDs Relocation, RVR and SWS – Design Admiral Boland Way Intersection Improvements (Design) North Side RON and FAA Tower Line-of-Sight – Analysis for Future Cargo Development ASF Project, Airport Fueling Office – Design and Construction Support Construction Support Federal Inspections Station (FIS) – Hydrant Fueling L. ASF Project, Airport Support Building – Design and Design Bridging Documents and Special Systems Construction Support Integration Support M. ASF Project, Facility Maintenance Department Campus – Design and Construction Support Hydrant Fueling Infrastructure – Design and Construction Support N. Administration Building – 30% Bridging Documents North Side Infrastructure – Design and Construction O. Airport Development Plan, Terminal 1 Airside Support Improvements - Design and Construction Support (Ongoing)
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West Refueler Loading Facility - Design and Construction Q. West Solid Waste Disposal Facility -Design and Construction R. East Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal Facility Design and Construction Support S. Rental Car Center, Bus, and Shuttle Lot Facilities Due Diligence and Design T. North Side Utility Infrastructure – Water Service Design U. Taxi Hold Lot and Transportation Network Companies (TNC) Redevelopment - Design V. Taxiway A Extension - Programming Document W. T2E Lounge Expansion - Design
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T2W Sidewalk/Crosswalk - Design and Construction ARFF Station Redesign New T1 Off-Site Roadway Improvements - Design and Construction Support AA. T2 Transportation Island - Design and Construction AB. New Fueling Administration Office and Laboratory Construction AC. Original FIS Construction Inspection/Site Work AD. T2E Connector - Design & Construction (ongoing)
Terminal 2 East Modernization | Design Consultant Qualifications San Diego International Airport
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Program Integration, Operational Continuity, and Infrastructure Coordination
The Terminal 2 East Expansion and Modernization Program is not a standalone project. Its success depends on seamless coordination with several concurrent airport initiatives that will directly influence project phasing, operational continuity, and infrastructure implementation. C&S brings an unmatched understanding of these interdependencies through our active involvement in the Airport’s major capital improvement program. As the civil designer for the Terminal 2 East Connector Project, a key team member on the Terminal 1 Airside Development Program, and the consultant that completed the Taxiway Alpha Programmatic Study, we possess firsthand knowledge of the projects that border, interface with, and help enable the future T2E expansion. This unique perspective allows us to identify potential conflicts early, coordinate infrastructure improvements efficiently, and support informed decision-making across multiple projects and stakeholders. C&S understands that successful delivery of T2E will require careful integration of utility infrastructure, roadway and pedestrian circulation, airside improvements, construction access, airline operations, and phased facility development while maintaining safe and efficient airport operations. Our familiarity with the Airport’s long-term development plans, infrastructure systems, and operational priorities enables us to proactively address constructability challenges, minimize disruptions, and reduce project risk. We work collaboratively with airport staff, designers, and contractors to develop practical, cost-effective solutions that balance operational needs, schedule constraints, and program objectives. By leveraging our involvement across the Airport’s concurrent capital projects, C&S can help streamline coordination efforts, improve project efficiency, and support a seamless transition between ongoing improvements and the next phase of airport growth.
C&S and Gensler Historical Collaborative Projects C&S and Gensler have a proven history of collaborating on complex aviation planning, design, and terminal development projects. Together, our teams have successfully partnered on projects such as the terminal improvements at Syracuse Hancock International Airport and planning and terminal development efforts at St. Pete-Clearwater International Airport. Through this experience, we have developed a strong working relationship founded on collaboration, communication, and a shared commitment to delivering innovative, operationally focused solutions. Our familiarity with each other’s processes, project delivery approaches, and quality expectations positions the team to integrate seamlessly from project initiation through construction, helping reduce risk, improve coordination, and support successful outcomes for the Airport.
Team Leadership
Lance McIntosh, PE Service Group Manager
Total Experience
30 years
With C&S Since
1994
Education
B.S. Civil Engineering, Arizona State University MBA, Arizona State University
Registrations
Professional Engineer — AZ, MI, WA
Professional Organizations
Association of California Airports SWAAAE
Awards
Arizona Airports Association’s Corporate Member of the Year Arizona (2020) FAA’s Herman C. Bliss Airports Partnership Award, for participation in the development of the California Best Practices Guide (2009) SWAAAE Corporate Award of Excellence, (2008). FAA’s Herman C. Bliss Airports Partnership Award, for participation in the development of the Arizona Best Practices Guide (2008)
Throughout his 30-year career, Lance McIntosh has worked exclusively on airport improvement projects, including geometric design, pavement design, pavement rehabilitation, infrastructure design, and development of complex phasing plans. He has completed the design and construction administration of more than 300 airport enhancement projects such as runways, taxiways, heliports, and aprons as well as bidding services and engineering studies. Lance successfully developed and managed the ADOT Pavement Preservation Program, the first ever statewide and state grant-funded airfield pavement maintenance management program. Under the program, he managed pavement rehabilitation projects for more than 40 of Arizona’s airports. Lance also assists sponsors with airport capital improvement programs, preparation of grant applications and reimbursement requests, annual reports, DBE reporting, and coordination with FAA and Caltrans. As a consultant, Lance participated in the creation of the California Airports Best Practices Guide; a cooperative effort between airport sponsors, Caltrans, and the FAA to develop a handbook that outlines the roles, responsibilities, and expectations of all affected parties when conducting airport-related business in California.
Experience
Airside Airport Development Plan (ADP), San Diego International Airport (SAN), San Diego, CA, Ongoing—Civil Subject Matter Expert for the airside redevelopment portion of new Terminal 1 at SAN. Airside improvements include airfield pavement for aircraft parking and circulation at the new terminal building, a new group III Taxiway A, relocation of group V Taxiway B, remain overnight aircraft parking apron, and associated airfield marking, lighting, signage, security/jet blast fencing and other facilities. Work also includes industry leading storm-water capture cistern, infiltration, and reuse facilities to achieve the Authority’s sustainability and water stewardship goals. Design also includes program validation of all utilities servicing the new terminal building, aircraft gate layout, coordination of design-builder critical issues in advance of selection. Construction Value: $300 million. T2W Sidewalk and Crosswalk Improvements, San Diego International Airport, San Diego, CA, In Construction—Quality control for the widening of the T2W primary crosswalk; with additional railings, bollards, removeable delineators, and pavement markings; relocation of pedestrian traffic signals; and new controller, peace officer panel, conduits, and battery backup. The work includes replacement of approximately 516 LF of sidewalk, concrete curb, asphalt pavement, markings, ADA pedestrian ramps, in-pavement lighting, removal and reinstallation of benches, trash cans, pet relief area, and signage. Construction Cost: $2.5 million. Taxiway A Programmatic Study, San Diego International Airport (SAN), San Diego, CA, 2026—Subject Matter Expert for developing a study to evaluate design requirements for extension of Taxiway Alpha (A) at San Diego International Airport (SAN). Project elements included identification of potential design issues and conflicts with the new Terminal 1 and future Terminal 2 East, cross taxiways, hydrant fueling extension, grading/drainage, utilities, lighting, and other ongoing concurrent projects at SAN. The
project also included preliminary design concepts to include all current FAA design standards and potential needs for Modifications of Standards. Contract Cost: $650,000. McNamara Terminal Apron Reconstruction, Package 6 and Taxiway K South Reconstruction, Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, Detroit, MI, Design Complete 2025—Quality control for the McNamara Terminal Apron, which included the terminal apron gates on the west side of the Concourse B terminal, vehicle service road and Taxiway K South, which included a 3,500’ x 75’ parallel taxiway and connectors. The project included concrete pavement rehabilitation, drainage, fueling system modifications, including replacement of two fuel vaults and fuel port adjustments, watermain and sanitary sewer modifications, signage, taxiway lighting and pavement marking. Phasing work involved coordination with several different entities within the airport including ATC, airlines, operations and maintenance, and engineering staff. The project included meeting all FAA standards and working closely with the FAA Detroit ADO. Project cost: $80 million. Commercial Apron Project, Monterey Regional Airport, 2025 - Commercial Apron Project, Monterey Regional Airport, 2025 - Project Principal for design and construction of a new commercial apron for the airport’s new terminal building. Project improvements also included taxiway modifications and reconfiguration to meet new FAA geometry guidelines, large scale earthwork operations, and new landside vehicle parking lots and roadway realignment. As a part of this project preliminary terminal planning concepts were developed to understand the potential impact on the apron design, particularly because the apron was constructed 7-15 feet below existing grade and required retaining walls for a split-level airside/landside configuration. The project also included PFAS mitigation, drainage and utility design, pavement and wall design, signing/striping, traffic handling to maintain existing airport operations, as well as FAA coordination and approvals. Construction cost of $43 million. Palo Alto Airport Apron Reconstruction, Palo Alto, CA, 2023—Project Director for the design and construction administration of approximately 37 acres of apron and taxilane pavement reconstruction. Construction was divided into three phases to maintain airport operations. Improvements included relocating taxilanes, tiedowns, lighting, and a pollution control facility, as well as adjusting utilities to grade. Due to challenging Bay Mud subgrade conditions at the airport, traditional construction methods were not feasible. A site-specific procedure was developed that involved pulverizing the existing asphalt and mixing it with the in-situ subgrade material and cement to create an 18-inch stabilized construction platform. After curing, a traditional pavement structural section was placed on the stabilized base. Each phase’s bid package was carefully structured to meet FAA guidelines and multiyear grant funding. Construction Cost: $35 million. San Diego International Airport, Hydrant Fueling Infrastructure, San Diego, CA, 2020—Quality control for installation of 7,700 feet of a new hydrant fueling system from the north side near the aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) station with a connection to the existing system near the Flight Inspection Services (FIS) gates, providing necessary appurtenances for future fuel system expansion. Furnishing 1,500 feet of fuel pipe by micro-tunneling below the engineered materials arrestor system (EMAS) and the concrete Greenbuild ramp with the remaining 6,200 feet of fuel pipe installed though conventional trench excavation. The project included installation of hydrant fuel pits for FIS gates 48 through 51 and facilitation of Airport’s master fiber loop backbone, providing 6,400 feet of 6-way concrete duct bank. Construction Value: $41 million San Diego International Airport, Airport Support Facilities, 2020—Quality control manager for the multi-million dollar relocation development of existing airport support facilities including, belly cargo, facility maintenance department and fuel operations facility. Project was completed through a design build delivery method with Sundt Construction.
Lance McIntosh, page 2
Team Leadership
Our engineers are committed to delivering innovative and practical solutions that support the successful execution of complex projects. We focus on developing resilient, sustainable, and cost-effective designs that enhance performance, improve constructability, and support efficient project delivery. By collaborating closely with clients, contractors, and stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle, we identify opportunities to reduce risk, manage costs, and maximize value. Driven by technical excellence, responsiveness, and a solutions-oriented approach, we consistently deliver high-quality engineering solutions that exceed expectations and support long-term success.
Chris A. Calatrello, PE Chief Engineer
Chris Calatrello is a civil engineer and project manager with our Aviation service group focusing on airport design. With 20 years of civil engineering experience on project types ranging from airfield design, landside airport design, site civil, transportation, municipal roadway, and major state highways. Chris’s prior experience includes all phases of airport projects, from schematic design, alternative analysis, FAA standard conformance/ MOS, final engineering plans and specifications, bid, and construction support. He is a highly technical engineer who spent years of his career becoming an expert in geometric design and 3D modeling and has transitioned into managing and overseeing all aspects of a project. Chris is currently serving as the Project Manager for the majority of C&S’s ongoing projects at SAN.
Paige Rushing, PE Project Engineer
Paige Rushing is an Engineer with 8 years of experience in land development and landside aviation projects. Her technical experience includes site layout, grading and drainage, wet utilities, and civil design for aviation facilities and infrastructure. She also has experience preparing project specifications, bid documents, and cost estimates; coordinating with clients, agencies, and project stakeholders; and navigating permitting requirements. Her project experience extends through bidding and construction, including QA/QC reviews, construction administration, and construction support. Paige is currently serving as Project Manager for C&S’s multiple ongoing landside projects.
Project Profiles
The following project profiles highlight C&S Engineers’ extensive experience supporting aviation infrastructure, terminal development, airfield improvements, and complex program delivery at San Diego International Airport and other commercial service airports. Our selected projects demonstrate experience with many of the same operational, phasing, stakeholder coordination, and infrastructure integration challenges associated with the Terminal 2 East Modernization Program. The projects that follow illustrate our ability to successfully navigate complex airport environments, coordinate with multiple concurrent projects, mitigate risk, and deliver practical, cost-effective solutions that support both current operations and future growth.
Airport Development Plan Terminal 1 Airside Improvements
San Diego County Regional Airport Authority (SDCRAA) | San Diego, California
C&S is a significant airside design team partner, supporting Jacobs Engineering Group with the Airport Development Plan (ADP) Airside Improvements Project at the San Diego International Airport (SAN) owned and operated by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority (Authority). The Authority developed the ADP to guide future development of SAN, and the project includes design and construction of the Airside portions of the Terminal 1 Replacement Program (T1RP). While the design and construction of the new Terminal 1 (T1) building is not part of the C&S scope, there is significant coordination required between the airside and the New T1 building design. All infrastructure outside of the T1 footprint and within the Aircraft Operations Area (AOA) is included in the C&S airside design scope. The Airside Improvements Project represents a comprehensive redevelopment initiative designed to conform to the accelerated schedule required by FAA grant deadlines, and the airside design team was required to provide design constraints for the terminal builder, and early preliminary design for site items associated with the building.A critical challenge for this magnitude of airfield construction is maintaining safe operations while providing continuous access to airlines and passenger services. The project's
complexity is further amplified by the strict timeframes associated with federal funding, environmental permits, and construction access limitations. Through thoughtful delivery and stakeholder engagement, the project team developed a multi-year construction phasing program that creates effective bypass taxiways around work zones, ensuring uninterrupted aircraft operations while meeting all critical project needs and regulatory requirements.C&S’s design role includes project management, utilities, grading, drainage, and FAA coordination, in addition to serving as the sustainability and Envision lead for the project.Sustainability forms the cornerstone of this project's approach incorporating
comprehensive resilience measures including resilient pavement design, flood-resilient techniques, and off-grid backup power generation, while implementing vulnerability assessment findings into resilience objectives. By incorporating the Envision framework during the earliest stages of planning, the project team was able to optimize efficiency, resourcefulness, and multi-benefit uses — all principles of the Airport Authority’s approach to sustainable operations. Additionally, the project team also held cross-team meetings to discuss sustainability goals and mutual initiatives with stakeholders from across the New T1 program. These interdisciplinary discussions covered the specificities of concurrent
projects and their individual rating system goals.This collaborative approach culminated in the project earning an Envision Gold award in 2024, demonstrating exceptional commitment to sustainability and resilience in infrastructure development. Through innovative airfield pavement construction, material sharing, stormwater reuse and cross-team collaboration, the project exemplifies how environmental responsibility can drive innovation in futureproofing critical infrastructure against climate change impacts.Construction of the Airside ADP project is slated for completion by 2028. Contacts: Bob Bolton Director Airport Design and Construction (619) 400-2935 bbolton@san.org Dean Robbins Manager, Airside Operations (619) 686-8092 drobbins@san.org Cara Nager Manager, Environmental Programs, Planning, Noise, & Environment (619) 400-2790 cnager@san.org
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714.018.001
Airport Support Facilities
San Diego County Regional Airport Authority | San Diego, California
C&S partnered with Sundt and HOK to deliver civil engineering services for the design-build relocation of existing Airport Support Facilities, clearing the footprint for the future Terminal 1 Expansion and Redevelopment. The project involved three key facilities: the Airport Fueling Operations Administration Offices, the Facilities Management Department’s warehouse and administration buildings, and a new Belly Cargo Facility. These facilities were relocated to three separate on-airport sites, encompassing over 20 acres of redevelopment. The scope included three new AOA access gates, site utilities, and stormwater facilities that initiate implementation of the Airport’s Storm Water Master Plan. The project was designed and constructed to support phased relocation, ensuring uninterrupted airport operations, maintaining secure AOA access points, and meeting or exceeding the functional requirements outlined in the airport’s Program Definition Documents. Additionally, the design-build approach facilitated integration with future project adjacencies while maintaining budget and schedule discipline.
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Contact: Chris George Project Manager (619) 400-2227 cgeorge@san.org
714.013.002
On-Call Airside/Landside Engineering San Diego International Airport | San Diego, California
C&S serves as an on-call airside/ landside engineering consultant for San Diego International Airport, delivering a range of projects: Fueling Projects: C&S expedited the design and construction of a $41M Hydrant Fueling Infrastructure (HFI) connecting north bulk storage to Terminal 2’s international gates, completing the project in just 10 months. Construction began in November 2018 and finished in September 2020. C&S also designed the West Refueler Loading Facility, coordinating with stakeholders to optimize land use and ensure compliance with TSA, city, and hazardous materials requirements. T1 Offsite Intersection/Roadway Improvements: C&S designed off-airport roadways to enhance motor vehicle connectivity to the Airport, securing permits from multiple agencies including the City and Port of San Diego, MTS, NCTD, CPUC, and FAA. Vehicle Service Road and Glide Slope Drainage: C&S improved 6,600 feet of the North Side VSR, replacing pavement and relocating a section to support heavy airport vehicles. Entry/Exit Gates: C&S designed secure access gates, replaced liftgates, relocated communication cabinets, and provided site improvements. www.cscos.com
T2W Sidewalk & Crosswalk Improvements: C&S improved the existing pedestrian facilities along the arrival roadway in front of Terminal 2 West, including widening the primary crosswalk, replacing sidewalk and ADA ramps, and upgrading associated site improvements and pavement markings.” Loop Roadways: C&S designed pavement rehabilitation and traffic control upgrades for the main access road, phasing work to minimize operational impacts. North Side Utility Infrastructure: C&S relocated NAVAIDs (ASOS, SAWS, Runway 27 RVR) and replaced water service along Washington St.
Hydrant Fueling Infrastructure
North Side Vehicle Service Road Contact: Bob Bolton Director Airport Design and Construction (619) 400-2935 bbolton@san.org
Other SAN Projects (Not OnCall): ♦ On-Call Architectural Services: C&S provided site-civil design for the Rental Car Center Shuttle Bus Lot Relocation, New Administration Building, waste facilities, T2 East Lounge Expansion, and ARFF study.
♦ Receiving and Distribution Center (RDC): C&S managed site-civil design, construction management, and LEED administration for a public-private partnership, achieving LEED Gold. Construction cost: $8.7M. 714-Multi Year
Commercial Terminal Apron Design, Environmental Planning, and Mitigation Monterey Airport District | Monterey, California
C&S was the prime consultant for the commercial terminal apron design for a whole new green field terminal at Monterey Airport District (MRY). The project includes taxiways and airfield improvement, apron design for as many as 10 contact gates/RON positions, and high-level terminal planning related to the new apron area. With the construction of the apron prior to the design of the terminal, C&S developed various terminal alternatives and simulated aircraft movements to determine optimal terminal depth and Finished Floor Elevations (FFE). Preliminary terminal design services included airspace analysis and Passenger Boarding Bridge (PBB) analysis as well as proposed terminal layouts with analysis of baggage handling systems (BHS), Security Screening www.cscos.com
Checkpoints (SSCP), ticketing, and baggage claim. Emphasis was placed on apron constraints and PBB analysis to ensure the future terminal would allow for a head of stand Vehicle Service Road (VSR) and provide the necessary space and floor height for properly docking a diverse fleet of aircraft. Focus was also given to site access and to processing functions of the terminal as well as back of house functions, such as loading docks and operations spaces. In addition, C&S developed planning level energy and water consumption demands in support of permitting and coordination with local utilities to ensure feasibility and incorporate preliminary utility projects within the apron design.
Contact: Chris Morello Deputy Director, Strategy and Development (831) 333-2312 cmorello@montereyairport.com
Q75.003.001
Taxiway K and McNamara Terminal Apron Reconstruction Wayne County Airport Authority | Detroit, Michigan
As the leader of a large multidisciplinary team, C&S designed the construction phasing, pavement geometry, grading, and utility improvements for the reconstruction of Taxiway K and the McNamara Terminal Apron project at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (DTW). The project included the following: ♦ Shifting of approximately 3,700 linear feet of Taxiway K centerline 17.5 feet to the west to meet current FAA standards
♦ Demolition and reconstruction of Taxiway K pavement between Taxiway R and Taxiway U ♦ Demolition and reconstruction of apron pavement between Taxiway K and the vehicle service road (VSR) ♦ Demolition and reconstruction of apron pavement along McNamara Gates B2 – B20 ♦ Demolition and reconstruction of Taxiways R, K2, K3, and K4 (all connector taxiways able to provide for full reverse turns
for the aircraft for which they service) ♦ Upsizing of portions of subsurface storm collection within project limits to meet Wayne County requirements ♦ Installation of pavement underdrain systems ♦ Adjustment and/or replacement of all utility structure frames and covers within project limits including storm, sanitary, water, and fuel
♦ Replacement of two jet fuel vaults located in the McNamara Terminal Apron ♦ Removal and replacement of taxiway edge lighting and guidance signs in the project area ♦ Pavement markings within the project The project was divided into two major phases, with each phase containing multiple work areas that would involve closures or restrictions to various airfield pavements. Each phase also allowed up to five gate closures at the terminal. Phase 1 included sequential work on Taxiway K, Taxiway R, and apron pavement including Gates B20–B10 with some activities occurring at night when closures inside the Taxiway Y object free area were required. Phase 2 began after substantial completion of Phase 1 and progressed through additional segments of Taxiway K, connector taxiways K2, K3, and K4, and apron pavement including Gates B8–B2, again including night-work windows to minimize operational impacts.
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Throughout all phases, the contractor will maintain ARFF access, adhering to milestone requirements, and ensuring that all closures follow the operational safety plans and specifications. The phasing was developed through close coordination with the Airport Authority, airlines, FAA ATCT, and other stakeholders over multiple engagement meetings. Several alternatives were analyzed and presented to the stakeholders, with the conclusion being an efficient phasing plan that minimized operational impacts and maximized contractor production. Approximately 125,000 square yards of concrete will be reconstructed as part of this project. Additionally, approximately 67,000 tons of asphalt will be paved as stabilized base course or taxiway shoulders. Design for the project concluded in May 2025, and construction is scheduled for March through November of 2026.
The client’s needs and expectations were consistently and concisely met through the life of the project with thorough communication on C&S’s part with the client as well as the numerous subconsultants. This project was unique in that it focused on a condensed area directly between an active taxiway (Taxiway Y) and an active, large hub airport terminal concourse (Concourse B/C), with numerous critical utilities in the project area. The project also followed an expedited design schedule for a project of this size, with the design kickoff occurring on October 31, 2024 and bid documents being submitted to the client on May 6, 2025. The design project was delivered under budget. The construction low bid was $57,879,888.88 and accepted. Contact: Elie Zogheib Senior Project Manager (734) 247-7280 elie.zogheib@wcaa.us
899.025.013
Terminal Apron Reconstruction & Expansion Gerald R. Ford International Airport | Grand Rapids, Michigan Contact: Casey Ries, PE Engineering and Planning Director (616) 233-6040 cries@grr.org
After experiencing record passenger growth and one of the largest enplanement increases in the U.S. in 2018, the Gerald R. Ford International Airport in Grand Rapids, Michigan decided to accelerate its capital program and expand Concourse A. Prior to the concourse expansion, the terminal apron needed to be reconstructed and expanded. C&S was the prime consultant, lead engineer of record, and resident project representative for the reconstruction and expansion of the air carrier apron surrounding the terminal. The level of complexity to construct such a project while maintaining operations at the airport was no small feat. During the life of the project, the team experienced challenges that included coordination of concurrent projects, near-zero float schedule requirements, abnormal weather, and a once-in-a-century pandemic. The partnership and communication between the Airport Authority, stakeholders, contractor, and consultant team proved crucial to the successful completion of this award-winning project.
The $50 million project included 215,000 square yards of new 16-inch Portland cement concrete pavement and was constructed over 3 years utilizing a multi-phased approach. The project also involved replacing and upgrading other infrastructure around the terminal building and concourses including the stormwater drainage system, underdrains, water mains, sanitary sewer, highmast lighting, taxiway edge lighting and airfield signage. Design was completed utilizing the latest technologies. All underground utilities were modeled in 3D which helped with conflict resolution. Aircraft parking and maneuvering was modeled for precise parking layouts. Construction work areas were maximized by modeling the aircraft movements to ensure the
safe passage of aircraft adjacent to construction work areas. A new automated system for the collection and disposal of deicing glycol was installed, which significantly reduces labor intensive operations, increases the longevity of the pavement, and improves safety for vehicles, aircraft and workers utilizing the apron. Construction required closure of 11 out of 15 airline passenger gates and affected aircraft taxiing to all 15 jet bridges. However, passengers still needed to travel. A detailed phasing plan was developed to minimize impacts to passenger service. During the project’s seven phases of construction, regular stakeholder meetings were conducted to coordinate the relocation of airlines which included repositioning jet bridges, relocating IT infrastructure
and moving aircraft. The extra level of coordination and clear communication resulted in no significant flight delays. A sustainability charrette was conducted early in design to collaboratively determine options for enhancing the project's long-term value with respect to the economic considerations, airfield operations, safety, natural systems, and society. Several unique approaches emerged from the charrette including material reuse, salvaging equipment, landfill waste diversion, longer pavement design life, LED lighting, and regional material tracking. Over www.cscos.com
99% of all materials were reused or recycled on this project. During construction, the Airport Authority hosted field trips for local high schools and colleges to see the project and promote aviation, construction, and engineering careers. Numerous challenges including the COVID-19 pandemic were overcome by the consultant team, contractor, and Airport Authority. Together, the team developed solutions and protocols that allowed the project to be completed under budget while still meeting schedule expectations. Ultimately, the robust communication and stakeholder en-
gagement of the entire project team was the most significant factor in making this project a breakthrough success. The project won several awards including the ASCE Michigan Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement Award (2021); an ACEC Michigan Engineering Merit Award (2021); and the Michigan Concrete Association Award of Excellence (2020).
K19-Apron Reconstruction & Expansion
Terminal Modernization, Expansion & Airside Program
Charles M. Schulz-Sonoma County Airport | Santa Rosa, California Contact: Jon Stout County Airport Manager (707) 565-7243 jstout@sonomacountyairport.org
Sonoma County retained C&S under a five-year on-call Construction Management contract to support a portfolio of airside and landside capital improvement projects funded through local, state, and federal sources. In this role, C&S served as the County’s strategic advisor for procurement, design oversight, funding compliance, and delivery implementation, including guiding the Airport through its first Alternative Project Delivery (APD) utilizing Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR). As a primary commercial service, non-hub airport experiencing sustained passenger growth and increased airline service, the Airport required a delivery model capable of maintaining uninterrupted operations while executing complex phased improvements. Airline ticketing, TSA checkpoints, hold rooms, baggage systems, rental car counters, and backof-house tenant areas remained fully operational throughout construction. CMAR was selected to
allow early contractor engagement, structured risk allocation, and collaborative phasing essential to preserving operational continuity. CMAR Procurement & Preconstruction Framework
C&S advised the County through development of an FAA-compliant CMAR procurement process, including:
♦ Drafting RFQ/RFP evaluation criteria aligned with FAA APD requirements ♦ Establishing preconstruction services scopes and fee structures ♦ Developing risk allocation matrices and contract general conditions ♦ Structuring phased Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP) amendment strategies
During preconstruction, C&S led integration meetings between the Architect/Engineer (A/E) and CMAR contractor to ensure constructability reviews, cost modeling validation, and schedule alignment at defined design milestones (30%, 60%, 90%). Independent cost estimates were reconciled with CMAR open-book pricing to maintain transparency and alignment with program funding constraints. GMP Development & Cost Control Strategy
Given the multi-year, multi-phase nature of the program, C&S implemented a structured GMP development approach that included: ♦ Progressive cost model refinement during design advancement
♦ Early trade partner engagement for high-risk scopes (structural tie-ins, baggage systems, MEP upgrades, apron interfaces) ♦ Detailed quantity takeoff validation and reconciliation workshops ♦ Transparent subcontractor bidding with County participation in scope leveling GMP packages were strategically phased to align with operational sequencing, allowing the County to maintain budget flexibility while mitigating escalation risk. C&S facilitated scope validation sessions to clearly define allowances, unit price contingencies, escalation assumptions, and owner-directed changes prior to GMP execution. Risk Register & Contingency Management
A formal project risk register was established early in preconstruction and maintained throughout design and construction. Risks were categorized by operational impact, cost exposure, and schedule sensitivity. Key risk drivers included:
♦ Maintaining secure sterile corridors and TSA compliance during phased construction ♦ Baggage system cutovers within active terminal operations ♦ Utility tie-ins to existing infrastructure without service interruption ♦ Airline tenant relocation sequencing and temporary facility requirements www.cscos.com
♦ Sustainability initiatives, including photovoltaic integration, introduced middesign
C&S structured contingency management in accordance with CMAR best practices:
♦ Contractor contingency allocated for scope development and trade coordination risk ♦ Owner contingency reserved for unforeseen conditions and programmatic changes ♦ Separate tracking logs for contingency drawdown with documented justification and County approval ♦ Monthly risk review meetings to reassess exposure and adjust forecasts This disciplined approach provided full cost transparency and allowed the County to manage financial risk proactively rather than reactively. Program Scope & Phased Implementation
The overall program included landside enabling projects such as new surface parking facilities, controlled access systems, ADA path-of-travel upgrades, rideshare improvements, and service road bridge work over environmentally sensitive areas. Terminal phases included expansion of passenger holding areas, TSA flow enhancements, baggage system modernization, concession improvements, and apron interface coordination.
Because enplanements and total passengers continued to grow postpandemic, terminal capacity and processing areas required expansion while remaining operational. The CMAR model enabled detailed pullplanning workshops, collaborative sequencing, and real-time design adjustments without compromising airline operations. Value Delivered Through CMAR The CMAR delivery model created measurable program advantages:
♦ Early identification and mitigation of operational risk within an active terminal ♦ Reduced change order exposure through design-phase constructability integration ♦ Transparent GMP development with cost validation at each milestone ♦ Controlled contingency management with documented risk tracking ♦ Ability to fast-track enabling packages while design progressed on terminal core elements Through structured procurement guidance, disciplined GMP negotiation, and rigorous contingency management, C&S supported Sonoma County in delivering a complex, phased modernization program while maintaining uninterrupted commercial air service and preserving County control over design intent. T343-C003