Kentucky Offices: 2700 Moran Avenue, Bowman Business Center, Suite A Louisville, KY 40205 500 Meijer Drive Suite 204 Florence, KY 41042
C&S at LEX... Experienced
Knowledgeable
Responsive
Relationship DRIVEN
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SE C T IO N 1
SE C T IO N 2. 1
For more than fifty years, C&S has focused on improving the world around us. Our versatile group of experts work as an integrated team, identifying and implementing well-rounded, comprehensive, and resilient solutions. The diversity of our abilities is unique in our industry, enabling us to support an incredible range of project types and specialties. We can streamline the delivery of even the most complicated multi-discipline projects by drawing on our significant in-house resources. Our experts collaborate and combine their knowledge to deliver the best solutions to each client. We are as proficient at complex, diverse, multimillion-dollar projects as we are at small projects involving only one trade. Coordinating projects from inception through construction provides a continuity of service that our clients rely on. C&S works for local, state, and federal government; the private sector; industry; developers; and the military. We support projects throughout the United States and the world with a deep bench of services.
C&S Qualified Roles for LEX Terminal ♦ Architectural support/ production ♦ Airside/Landside Civil ♦ Terminal Planning ♦ Structural ♦ Funding ♦ Phasing
♦ Environmental (NEPA/FAA Coordination) ♦ Project Management/ Administrative Role ♦ Passenger Boarding Bridges ♦ Stakeholder Engagement ♦ Sustainability
Completed Projects at LEX ♦ Fuel Facility Feasibility ♦ Fuel Facility ♦ Maintenance Building (including MEP, Structural, Architecture & Civil)
Specifically, since 2019 C&S has served as our on-call airside engineering consultant,
supporting our staff efforts in airfield project planning, analysis, grant pursuit, design, construction, and construction administration….We find the C&S Team to be highly
responsive, creative, and collaborative in their approach to our engineering and consulting opportunities and are always willing to adapt their consulting services to our needs....” Casey Ries,PE LEED AP | Chief Asset Development Officer | Gerald R. Ford International Airport
Gerald R. Ford International Airport
Project Phasing, Funding, and Operational Continuity
Only 70 miles from C&S to LEX
Multi-phase terminal renovations require careful planning to maintain operations, protect passengers, and coordinate across stakeholders. Our approach focuses on operational continuity, minimal disruption, and close collaboration with airport staff. We will align phasing with funding strategies and airport priorities to ensure sequencing supports financial constraints while maximizing operational value. Working with airport leadership and operations, we will review the anticipated phasing plan and identify opportunities to streamline construction. Reducing unnecessary phase breaks lowers costs, limits temporary conditions, and reduces complexity—especially for building systems like MEP infrastructure that are difficult to replace across multiple phases. Fewer, more coordinated phases minimize rework, temporary installations, and ripple effects across construction areas. Our Terminal Planning Lead will guide the phasing effort to ensure operational needs drive sequencing decisions. Using passenger flow modeling and capacity analysis, we will test interim conditions to confirm ticketing, screening, holdrooms, and baggage claims maintain acceptable service levels throughout construction. This planning-first approach ensures temporary conditions are both feasible and operationally sound. The C&S Team will evaluate swing spaces, sequence utilities, coordinate with operations, and plan around peak travel periods. We will also define responsibilities for pre-bid meetings, bid evaluations, award recommendations, and establish clear Construction Administration procedures for submittals, change management, logistics, and phased close-out.
Team Leadership
Thomas J. Horth, PE
Department Manager, National Aviation Facilities Practice AIP Funding and Grant Coordination
Total Experience 28 years
With C&S Since 1998
Education
B.S., Civil Engineering, Clarkson University, 1998 A.A.S., Civil Engineering Technology, Mohawk Valley C.C., 1996
Registrations
Professional Engineer:
NY, PA ASCE, Grade VI ACEC NY Leadership Institute, Class of 2014
Organizations
Chair, CNY Engineering Expo, 2012-2017 National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Young Technologist of the Year, Technology Alliance of Central New York, 2003. NY Aviation Management Association (NYAMA) Leadership Greater Syracuse, Class of 2018
Tom serves as a project and overall program manager on a variety of commercial service and general aviation airport facilities. With more than 28 years of experience at C&S, Tom has been involved with all project phases from planning and programming through conceptual and final design, including procurement of various state and federal grants, environmental permitting and coordinating public outreach events. Tom coordinates with all internal teammates as well as outside partners to ensure commitments and quality are being met, while serving as the client’s single point of contact throughout the process.
Experience
Aviation Facilities
Passenger Terminal Improvements, Syracuse Hancock International Airport, Syracuse, NY, 2018—Overall program manager and site/civil design lead for various pre-security improvements to the passenger terminal building. Project included a 14,500 SF expansion of the building façade to include fell height glass curtain walls, new vestibule entranceways, new curbside drive canopy, elevators and escalators, and revitalized central civic space. Also included outfitting previously vacant space for a new regional aviation history museum, as well as a 130 kW PV array on airport property. Total construction duration was less than 12 months. Responsibilities included developing a phasing program and bid packages (7) to expedite construction; monitoring and communicating program schedule and budget throughout design and construction phase.; preparing a comprehensive AIP funding eligibility analysis and working with the Sponsor to prepare a multi-year reimbursement program to reflect as-constructed costs. Deliverables included a project memo, detailed cost breakdowns, and exhibits to support justification. Several iterations of the analysis were performed to maximize eligibility. Project was funded through combination of FAA AIP and NYSDOT. Cost: $58 million. Terminal HVAC Improvements, Wilkes-Barre/Scranton International Airport, Avoca, PA 2023 – Project Manager for various HVAC system upgrades and improvements within the Joseph M. McDade Passenger Terminal Building. Project included building-wide replacement of the building’s packaged rooftop units, packaged air handler units, replacement of the existing boiler system; new VAVs, building controls system; installation of new UV-C indoor air purification systems; replacement of PCA units for six (6) existing passenger boarding bridges. Responsibilities included monitoring and communicating program schedule and budget throughout design and construction phases, preparation of AIP eligibility justification, and program funding allocation using various federal COVID-relief funding sources. Deliverables included a project narrative, detailed costs by building component, and exhibits to support justification. Construction Cost: $7 million. Terminal Expansion and Security Improvements Program, Ithaca Tompkins International Airport, Ithaca, NY, 2019—Overall program manager and civil design lead for the 33,000 SF expansion of the passenger terminal building. Responsibilities included monitoring and communicating program schedule and budget throughout
design and construction phase. Project included reconfiguration of passenger checkpoint screening area and exit lane system; expansion of outbound baggage makeup area; expansion of concourse and six gate areas; pre- and post-security concessions; replacement of curbside canopy; installation of PV-covered parking system; geothermal heating & cooling system. Additional responsibilities included performing an AIP eligibility analysis and coordinating with FAA for acquiring Supplemental AIP Discretionary funding. Deliverables included a project narrative, detailed costs by project phase/bid package, and exhibits to support justification. Subsequent responsibilities included the preparation of a PFC Application (pay-go) to recover other project costs. Project was funded through combination of FAA AIP, PFC, NYSDOT, and NYSERDA. Project Cost: $28 million. New SRE Facility, Gerald R. Ford International Airport, Grand Rapids, MI, 2023—Performed an Eligibility Analysis for AIP funding for a 60,000 SF SRE Building Addition. Responsibilities included reviewing detailed building floorplans (C&S was lead A/E), developing a matrix of building spaces to define function and purpose, evaluating eligible snow removal vehicles, and preparing a memo of findings to summarize the results. Several iterations of the analysis were performed at each stage in order to maximize funding eligibility. New ARFF Facility, Gerald R. Ford International Airport, Grand Rapids, MI, 2022—Performed an Eligibility Analysis for AIP funding for an estimated 20,000 SF ARFF Facility. Responsibilities included reviewing schematic building layouts (by others), developing a matrix of building spaces to define function and purpose, and preparing a technical memo summarizing the results. New Combined ARFF/SRE Facility, Ithaca Tompkins International Airport, Ithaca, NY, 2022—Overall program manager for an estimated 40,000 SF joint-use facility to serve as the airport’s ARFF and SRE Facilities, replacing the existing 25,000 SF facility that is unable to house the Airport’s equipment. Responsibilities included preparing schematic building layouts, developing program phasing alternatives, performing AIP funding eligibility analysis, coordinating with FAA and communicating program schedule and budget throughout. Project is being constructed in multiple phases to maximize federal funding; a site/civil package, followed by the building package. Project is being funded through combination of FAA AIP and local funds. Estimated Construction Cost: $25 million. New SRE Facility, Livingston County/Spencer J. Hardy Airport, Howell, MI, 2022/23—Provided program management assistance and assisted with preliminary design on a new 6,000 SF SRE Facility. Prepared multiple evaluations for determining AIP Funding Eligibility based on upon alternative building configurations. Responsibilities included reviewing schematic building layouts, developing a matrix of building spaces to define function and purpose, preparing a justification memo validating the findings, and reviewing the results with the Sponsor and FAA.. Estimated Construction Cost: $2.2 million. New General Aviation Customs and Border Protection Facility, Ithaca Tompkins International Airport, Ithaca, NY, 2019—Overall program manager and civil design lead for the construction of a new 5,000 SF Federal Inspection Station for General Aviation operations. Responsibilities included coordination with USCBP, preparation of business plan for application as a User Fee Facility, monitoring and communicating program schedule and budget throughout design and construction phases. Facility includes screening rooms, office space, holding cells, geothermal heating & cooling system. Other responsibilities included performing AIP funding eligibility analysis for future PFC reimbursements. Cost: $5.4 million.
Thomas J. Horth, page 2
Team Leadership
Our architects are dedicated to delivering exceptional architectural and interior design solutions that embody context-driven design, client focus, sustainability, space efficiency, and cost-consciousness. We are passionate about creating visually striking spaces that seamlessly integrate with their surroundings, while also prioritizing functionality, sustainability, and client satisfaction. With our commitment to excellence, attention to detail, and innovative thinking, we transform our clients’ visions into reality, delivering successful projects that exceed expectations.
Amy Sonbuchner
AIA, LEED AP Project Manager
Amy Sonbuchner, a C&S architect and project manager with 21 years of design experience, including 15 in aviation, is dedicated to helping LEX evolve into a modern, efficient, and community-centered terminal. Her deep expertise in security checkpoints, FIS, baggage systems, and complex multi-phase renovations aligns directly with LEX’s priorities, and its need to maintain operations throughout construction. Known for strong client relationships and collaborative leadership, Amy delivers solutions that balance maintainability, fiscal responsibility, and a distinct local identity, making her exceptionally well suited to guide LEX through the project’s funding and operational challenges. C&S Local Stakeholder Liaison, Amy Sonbuchner was critical to the development and completion of the Checkpoint Consolidation project at the Metropolitan Airports Commission. Amy was responsible for stakeholder engagement including Transportation Security Administration (TSA) collaboration and frequent client engagement in addition to checkpoint space planning, and technical modeling. She coordinated with the multidisciplinary consultant team navigating TSA requirements.
Alan MacPherson PE, ENV SP
Alan MacPherson, is a civil engineer who encompasses the ability to serve as single point of contact for project questions, issues, and coordination. He has demonstrated commitment to responsiveness and passion for client service that will continue through this project. He is known for his attention to detail, technical expertise, communication skills, and dedication to our clients. Alan and his team will be available for questions that may arise about anything concerning the project; provide advice or solutions to unique situations; attend airport meetings or other community meetings. Alan has been working with LEX for two years on a fuel facility feasibility study and fuel facility design. He has been instrumental in the completion of multiple projects at CVG in both project management and technical design capacities. He was the construction administration lead for Concourse B Apron Rehabilitation project and managed the West Apron Reconstruction project at CVG from design through construction. He has also provided extension of staff services.
Project Profiles
The following project profiles highlight C&S Engineers’ extensive experience delivering innovative, high-quality solutions across a wide range of A/E/C projects. Projects selected demonstrate similarities to LEX in scope and size and complexities. With decades of service and a proven track record of success, C&S has partnered with clients nationwide to plan, design, and implement complex aviation, facilities, and utility projects. The projects presented on the following pages demonstrate the depth of our experience, our ability to address unique project challenges, and our dedication to delivering lasting value for the communities and clients we serve. C&S knows LEX!
Passenger Terminal Improvements
St. Pete–Clearwater International Airport (PIE) | Clearwater, Florida Similar in scale and size to LEX | Small Hub!
C&S Companies serves as the Prime Consultant for the Passenger Terminal Improvements Program at St. Pete–Clearwater International Airport, leading a multidisciplinary team through terminal planning, architectural and engineering design, CMAR coordination, and construction administration. Working with Gensler as the lead architectural designer, C&S is responsible for overall project management, program management, terminal planning, civil, structural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, fire protection, security/IT, baggage systems, gate systems, environmental services, surveying, geotechnical engineering, cost coordination, quality management, and coordination with the Airport, Owner's Representative, CMAR, FAA, TSA, and airline stakeholders. www.cscos.com
The current program includes approximately 41,000 square feet of new terminal expansion over the existing baggage claim area with four to five new passenger boarding bridges and holdrooms, along with extensive renovations throughout the existing terminal. Major work includes ticketing renovations, baggage make-up expansion, Gates 2–6 modernization, restroom renovations, curbside canopy replacement, passenger boarding bridge replacement, sanitary sewer replacement, fire alarm evaluation, airport-wide wayfinding replacement, rental car renovations, SIDA separation improvements, roof replacement evaluation, and long-range PAL 3 terminal concepts.
C&S leads terminal planning and operational analysis by validating passenger demand forecasts, developing facility requirements, evaluating Level of Service, performing passenger flow simulations using AirTop, conducting aircraft gate and passenger boarding bridge analyses using AviPlan, preparing phased implementation strategies, and integrating planning recommendations directly into the architectural and engineering design process. The project advances through conceptual design, schematic design (30%), design development (60%), construction documents (90% and IFC), construction administration, and project closeout under a collaborative CMAR delivery approach.
Project Elevate—Concourse A Expansion Gerald R. Ford International Airport Authority | Grand Rapids, Michigan
Similar in scale and size to LEX | Small Hub!
C&S was part of a multi-discipline design team responsible for the civil and structural components for Project Elevate. Participation included construction safety and phasing, site demolition, utility relocation, pavements, pavement markings, foundation design and structural steel design. Concourse A Expansion is the first phase of Project Elevate and includes a $97 million extension of Concourse A to accommodate projected passenger growth over the next 20 years.
Building construction added eight gates and new amenities. Concourse A had seven gates, while Concourse B had eight gates. The first portion of Project Elevate added eight new gates to Concourse A, widening the 66-foot concourse to up to 120 feet and lengthening by 510 feet to a total of more than 900 feet. Expansion of the terminal apron to support this state-of-the-art concourse was completed as an enabling project prior to building construction, thanks to more than $14.4 million in federal and state commitments from the Federal Aviation Administration and the Michigan Department of Transportation. Project Elevate represents continued implementation of
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GRR’s master plan, which reviewed past and projected passenger growth along with infrastructure shortfalls before developing a plan to accommodate that growth and “connect GRR to the world”. In addition to roadways and gates, the master plan anticipates the additional facilities and airfield infrastructure needed to meet growing demand for air travel. The GRR morning launch is now more seamless for passengers and airlines, and the airport is situated to accept many more daily flights for thousands of additional passengers.
Contact: Casey Ries Engineering and PlanningOfficer Director Chief Asset Development (616) 233-6040 cries@grr.org
K19.003.001 - Project Elevate
Main Terminal Improvements
Long Island MacArthur Airport | Ronkonkoma, New York
Many items at the main terminal building at Long Island MacArthur Airport were in need of general maintenance upgrades and aesthetic improvements to extend useful life, increase efficiency, and improve the overall passenger experience. Due to funding cycles and overall budget, the project was split into multiple bid packages and alternates were developed to ensure full use of available funding. The first bid package involved a complete roof replacement of the terminal building roof system, totaling approximately 93,000 square feet. The existing roof was partially removed down to existing insulation, which was replaced where water damaged, and includes additional insulation to exceed energy code and a PVC roof membrane system for a 30-year warranty. The terminal renovations portion involved multiple scope items to
Similar in scale and size to LEX | Small Hub!
collectively improve function and efficiency. A major item was the replacement of the four in-bound baggage carousels. To increase security, the new units were designed to feed once through the SIDA into the terminal in lieu of the existing configuration that cycled baggage back to the security side if not picked up. Additionally, control upgrades, ability to incorporate RFID scanning technology, and an oversized baggage slide were included.
The existing tug canopy was rehabilitated with new LED lighting and screens at the baggage carousels to reduce the impact of weather during the winter months. The project also upgraded the landside vestibules to reduce the amount of thermal transfer when doors are in use. To do so, the vestibule footprint was enlarged to create greater distance between interior and exterior sliding doors and air curtains reduce the thermal transmittance. A major design element was to reduce the amount of vestibules from a total of six, three on each wing, down to four to reduce the large penetrations through the building envelope. All vestibules contain sliding glass door units and a decorative wood ceiling to match the existing ceiling treatments in the terminal. Lastly, a set of double doors was replaced incorporating ADA compliant operators.
Terminal Improvements
Albany International Airport | Albany, New York Contact: John LaClair Albany County Airport Authority (518) 242-2222 jlaclair@albanyairport.com
Similar in scale and size to LEX | Small Hub!
C&S led a multi-phase project to modernize the terminal building and enhance the passenger experience at Albany International Airport. The project was fast-tracked over four months to meet an aggressive construction completion schedule. A significant project highlight is the renovation of the “Times Square” area in the central terminal, which houses the main concessions spaces and is the central hub of the postsecurity passenger circulation. Upon exiting security, the new terrazzo flooring pattern is expressed and radiates from this central point; main spines of the pattern highlight the major paths, while arched highlights express motion toward each of the three concourse wings. Additionally, the seating areas are updated with a new mix of furniture with power connectivity. A new wood ceiling element similarly expresses movement toward the concourses. An existing concession space was renovated to provide an interior pet relief room, complete with artificial turf, sanitary measures, a fake log, and seating. www.cscos.com
The wayfinding and signage is being replaced throughout the terminal with a clean aesthetic that maintains the existing color palette, but highlights the new “international style” of terminal signage. Exterior signage improvements also include new illuminated curbside signage and large illuminated letters that announce the terminal from the entrance road. Renovation of all five main restrooms includes finishes and infrastructure enhancements and corrected operational issues and concerns and completed the modernization effort.
A new roof assembly and photovoltaic array replaced an existing leaking and non-functioning skylight and supplements existing terminal power usage. Other improvements include operations and maintenance enhancements that corrected ongoing issues within the facility, such as HVAC improvements and replacement of escalators.
Q23.005.001
Terminal Modernization, Expansion & Airside Program
Charles M. Schulz-Sonoma County Airport | Santa Rosa, California Contact: Jon Stout County Airport Manager (707) 565-7243 jstout@sonomacountyairport.org
Sonoma County retained C&S under a five-year on-call Construction Management contract to support a portfolio of airside and landside capital improvement projects funded through local, state, and federal sources. In this role, C&S served as the County’s strategic advisor for procurement, design oversight, funding compliance, and delivery implementation, including guiding the Airport through its first Alternative Project Delivery (APD) utilizing Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR). As a primary commercial service, non-hub airport experiencing sustained passenger growth and increased airline service, the Airport required a delivery model capable of maintaining uninterrupted operations while executing complex phased improvements. Airline ticketing, TSA checkpoints, hold rooms, baggage systems, rental car counters, and backof-house tenant areas remained fully operational throughout construction. CMAR was selected to
allow early contractor engagement, structured risk allocation, and collaborative phasing essential to preserving operational continuity. CMAR Procurement & Preconstruction Framework
C&S advised the County through development of an FAA-compliant CMAR procurement process, including:
♦ Drafting RFQ/RFP evaluation criteria aligned with FAA APD requirements ♦ Establishing preconstruction services scopes and fee structures ♦ Developing risk allocation matrices and contract general conditions ♦ Structuring phased Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP) amendment strategies
During preconstruction, C&S led integration meetings between the Architect/Engineer (A/E) and CMAR contractor to ensure constructability reviews, cost modeling validation, and schedule alignment at defined design milestones (30%, 60%, 90%). Independent cost estimates were reconciled with CMAR open-book pricing to maintain transparency and alignment with program funding constraints. GMP Development & Cost Control Strategy
Given the multi-year, multi-phase nature of the program, C&S implemented a structured GMP development approach that included: ♦ Progressive cost model refinement during design advancement
♦ Early trade partner engagement for high-risk scopes (structural tie-ins, baggage systems, MEP upgrades, apron interfaces) ♦ Detailed quantity takeoff validation and reconciliation workshops ♦ Transparent subcontractor bidding with County participation in scope leveling GMP packages were strategically phased to align with operational sequencing, allowing the County to maintain budget flexibility while mitigating escalation risk. C&S facilitated scope validation sessions to clearly define allowances, unit price contingencies, escalation assumptions, and owner-directed changes prior to GMP execution. Risk Register & Contingency Management
A formal project risk register was established early in preconstruction and maintained throughout design and construction. Risks were categorized by operational impact, cost exposure, and schedule sensitivity. Key risk drivers included:
♦ Maintaining secure sterile corridors and TSA compliance during phased construction ♦ Baggage system cutovers within active terminal operations ♦ Utility tie-ins to existing infrastructure without service interruption ♦ Airline tenant relocation sequencing and temporary facility requirements www.cscos.com
♦ Sustainability initiatives, including photovoltaic integration, introduced middesign
C&S structured contingency management in accordance with CMAR best practices:
♦ Contractor contingency allocated for scope development and trade coordination risk ♦ Owner contingency reserved for unforeseen conditions and programmatic changes ♦ Separate tracking logs for contingency drawdown with documented justification and County approval ♦ Monthly risk review meetings to reassess exposure and adjust forecasts This disciplined approach provided full cost transparency and allowed the County to manage financial risk proactively rather than reactively. Program Scope & Phased Implementation
The overall program included landside enabling projects such as new surface parking facilities, controlled access systems, ADA path-of-travel upgrades, rideshare improvements, and service road bridge work over environmentally sensitive areas. Terminal phases included expansion of passenger holding areas, TSA flow enhancements, baggage system modernization, concession improvements, and apron interface coordination.
Because enplanements and total passengers continued to grow postpandemic, terminal capacity and processing areas required expansion while remaining operational. The CMAR model enabled detailed pullplanning workshops, collaborative sequencing, and real-time design adjustments without compromising airline operations. Value Delivered Through CMAR The CMAR delivery model created measurable program advantages:
♦ Early identification and mitigation of operational risk within an active terminal ♦ Reduced change order exposure through design-phase constructability integration ♦ Transparent GMP development with cost validation at each milestone ♦ Controlled contingency management with documented risk tracking ♦ Ability to fast-track enabling packages while design progressed on terminal core elements Through structured procurement guidance, disciplined GMP negotiation, and rigorous contingency management, C&S supported Sonoma County in delivering a complex, phased modernization program while maintaining uninterrupted commercial air service and preserving County control over design intent. T343-C003
Passenger Terminal Improvements Ithaca Tompkins International Airport | Ithaca, New York Contact: Roxan Noble Airport Director (607) 257-0456 rnoble@tompkins-co.org
C&S was the architect, engineer, and construction manager for the $20 million 15,600-square-foot terminal expansion and renovation at Ithaca Tompkins International Airport. The first phase included a 7,100-square foot expansion to house enhanced baggage screening and baggage make-up space, relocation of and upgrades to offices, building utility systems upgrades, exterior entrance canopy improvements, retrofit and relocation of one existing and installation of three new passenger boarding bridges. Phase 2 added 8,500 square feet to accommodate an enhanced passenger screening and holding area, additional conference space and a baggage conveyance system, restroom renovations, LED lighting, new geothermal well field and HVAC system, and new solar canopy covered system for terminal area parking. The terminal building is primarily heated and cooled using seven large air handling units (AHUs). Each AHU has a condensing unit that rejects heat to a condenser water loop attached to a cooling tower
at the north end of the building. The AHUs also have hot water coils, which are heated by hot water from a boiler loop. The county had three options for replacing this system. The first was a straight, one-for-one replacement with new, more efficient equipment. The second was to replace the
system with a traditional heat pump system using a new cooling tower and condensing boiler plant to heat and cool a condenser water loop. The third was to use geothermal heat pumps using a geothermal well field as their heat sync and source. To evaluate the energy savings associated with these options, C&S
created an eQuest model of the existing building and calibrated it using utility data from 2017. Using this calibrated model, three new models were created with the different HVAC systems. In addition, engineers’ estimates of probable costs and estimated paybacks were generated for the three design options. This modeling effort was accomplished using a 50% cost-share through the NYSERDA FlexTech program. www.cscos.com
It was determined that the geothermal heat pump system was the best option to incorporate into phase 2 of the project. Construction was spread over multiple phases to minimize disruption. Airport employees and patrons had to use the space during construction, so safety was primary.
acre), ground-source heat pumps, and water-to-water heat pumps located throughout the building. The well field is comprised of (58) 500’ deep vertical wells. These wells are piped in a parallel piping distribution from the well-field to a main system manifold located in the airport terminal. That manifold is then piped up to a second-floor mechanical room to where the building-pumps are located for the building condenser loop. The pumps then distribute the 40°F – 90°F condenser water throughout the building to ground-source heat pumps and water-to-water source heat pumps. The building’s airside system is a decentralized system. Central dedicated outdoor air systems (which are ground-source heat pumps) deliver conditioned, space neutral ventilation air to the zone. The zone ground source heat pumps were designed to allow flexibility of thermal control over the different spaces throughout the building. Lastly, for the Baggage Make-up Area, a ventilation system with hot-glycol coil served the room throughout the year for IAQ purposes. This unit’s heating coil was served by (2) water-to-water source heat pumps that could provide 120°F water for tempering outdoor air during the winter months.
The geothermal heat pump system at Ithaca Airport Terminal Building is made up of a vertical well-field (0.65 158.072.001-Hybrid
Fuel Facility Replacement Blue Grass Airport | Lexington, KY
The existing aviation fuel facility at Blue Grass Airport (LEX) had exceeded its useful life and was in need of replacement. LEX contracted with C&S for two phases of services. The first phase consisted of the conceptual design of two new aviation fuel facilities at two locations. Each design included five 40,000-gallon jet fuel ASTs, one 12,000-gallon aviation gasoline AST, and three 20,000-gallon ASTs for aircraft de-icing chemicals. Features also included multiple canopies, equipment shed, secondary
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containment systems, level/leak monitoring and fuel management systems, extensive drainage and grading systems, camera security system, power and controls, and site lighting. C&S recommended and LEX approved the location referred to as Aviator Road. The second phase of services was for the final design of the Aviator Road location. Project elements include five 40,000-gallon jet fuel ASTs, one 12,000-gallon aviation gasoline AST, two pump and filter skids, and four truck fill stand skids. One 6,000-gallon diesel fueling
system was also included. Features include a 60-ft by 80-ft maintenance building, a 10-ft by 40-ft controls building, three canopies, secondary containment systems, level/leak monitoring and fuel management systems, extensive drainage and grading systems, camera security system, power and controls, and site lighting. Contact: Brent Perry Project Manager (859) 425-3103 bperry@bluegrassairport.com
AG4.002.001
Architectural/Engineering Plan Review Services
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport | Hebron, Kentucky
C&S performed third party plan reviews and assessments as well as construction phasing reviews for proposed development projects at the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, including a tenant owned hangar building and Amazon developments. A steamlined review process along with review checklists were tailored and applied to each project. Tools such as Bluebeam sessions were utilized to allow multiple reviewers access to the same files and provide efficient output of comments into client provided tracking logs. Projects were reviewed at each stage of the design (30%, 60%, 90%, 100%, IFC, and addenda) as assigned and requested by the client. C&S developed a tracking log to monitor the status of each submittal and track the back checking of comments as they were addressed. Comments identified as higher risk to the client were brought to their attention and meetings were conducted to discuss those issues.
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The C&S review team included experts in areas such as constructability, FAA standards, construction phasing, airfield pavements, stormwater, utilities, planning & airspace, landside access/roadways, and buildings facilities. The Amazon Development Project was broken into multiple bid packages. C&S provided a quick review period and comment turnaround time as the nature of the project was fast paced ($1.5 billion development constructed over two years). C&S reviewed and provided comments on bid packages at each stage of design including utility relocations, mass
Contact: Corrine Reynolds, MSOL Senior Project Manager (859) 767-1663 CReynolds@cvgairport.com
grading, site package including construction phasing, grading and utilities, roadway extensions and widenings, site electrical, building core and shell, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, fire protection, fueling, glycol treatment and dispensing, GSE buildings and storage, and parking garage plans. The third party reviews conducted by C&S gave the client peace of mind that major issues were identified and addressed and that risks were mitigated. 253.019.001
Runway 9-27, Taxiway K and Taxiway J Rehabilitation
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport | Hebron, Kentucky
The Kenton County Airport Board (KCAB) hired C&S to design the rehabilitation of Runway 9-27 and parallel Taxiways K and J at Cincinnati/N. Kentucky International Airport (CVG). With cargo service growing rapidly and the expansion of Amazon's Prime Air Operations at the Airport, it was critical to improve the airport's longest, and primary nighttime, runway and adjacent taxiways. The project design includes the rehabilitation of the 7,100-foot asphalt over concrete portion of Runway 9-27. Reviewing FAA standards, the existing runway was not fully in compliance. These items have been addressed in the design of the rehabilitation and include increasing the shoulder width of Runway 9-27, blast pads width and length, Runway Safety Area (RSA) grades, and several taxiway turns for 747-8 aircraft movements. The FAA put a strong emphasis on reductions to runway incursions at airports. As a Runway Incursion Mitigation (RIM) safety improvement, Taxiway J2 will be realigned to eliminate direct straight-line access from the terminal apron to Runway 9-27.
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In several locations along Runway 9-27, existing infields did not meet RSA compliance. Following old standards, catch basins were located within the RSA. The project design includes addressing these locations to meet current FAA design standards. The grades will be improved and numerous storm drain and electrical structures will be modified or replaced to meet current aircraft load criteria. Runway edge and centerline lighting, taxiway lighting, airfield guidance, and distance remaining signs within the project limits will be rehabilitated or replaced. There was a significant reduction in energy and maintenance costs to the airport with the updated LED electrical system. Five potential phasing alternatives were developed and refined to incorporate prospective funding
Contact: Caleb Claxton, PE, CM (859) 461-1584 cclaxton@cvgairport.com
scenarios. Key considerations used to develop each phasing scenario include minimizing the closure times of Runway 9-27 and Runway 18C-36C, accommodating multiple Aircraft Design Group taxiway operations, particularly 747-8, and coordinating taxiway closures to accommodate runway operations. The development of the final phasing design incorporated feedback of key airlines and tenant stakeholders, and a Safety Risk Assessment. Construction started in September of 2020 with Runway 9-27 closures and was completed in 2022 with a single six month shutdown of Runway 9-27.
253.018.002
Snow Removal Equipment Building Expansion
Gerald R. Ford International Airport | Grand Rapids, Michigan The new facility required extensive site work, including demolition of the previously mentioned existing ground service equipment fuel and runway de‑icing facility as well as drainage and grading modifications. GFIAA contracted with C&S to rapidly design a replacement facility, enabling construction of the SRE building to proceed without delaying airport operations.
The Gerald R. Ford International Airport Authority (GFIAA) had an extensive fleet of Snow Removal Equipment (SRE) vehicles and associated specialty equipment that could no longer fit within the existing airport field maintenance facility. C&S undertook a comprehensive programming effort to quantify the additional space required to properly house and maneuver the full fleet. The design team evaluated every feasible approach, including standalone structures and expansion of the existing airport field maintenance facility. The project required careful navigation of limited sites, complex adjacencies, and the need to maintain continuous airport operations throughout www.cscos.com
construction, and demanded a highly strategic phasing plan that minimized disruptions to the airport, maintain circulation, and daily client operations. The ability to maintain operational continuity was a central driver in selecting the preferred solution and structuring the construction schedule. The existing field maintenance facility site was boxed in by several critical elements: a large sand storage building to the southeast, the ground service equipment fuel and runway de‑icing chemical facility to the northeast, and the SIDA boundary to the south. After evaluating all options, the preferred solution was a 61,615‑square‑foot building addition that maximized storage capacity while ensuring safe and efficient SRE vehicle movement.
The project was delivered through a Design‑Bid‑Build process, consistent with GFIAA’s standard procurement approach and received Airport Improvement Program (AIP) funding, which added important requirements for documentation, competitive bidding, and cost control. Budget stewardship was critical throughout design; maintaining alignment with funding constraints and competitive construction pricing was a key success factor. Construction Duration: 8 mos. Est. Construction Cost: $7 million Estimated Design Fees: $800,000 Contact: James Zehr | Project Manager 8182 Broadmoor Ave SE Caledonia, MI 49316 Office: 616‑891‑4000 |Cell: 616‑450‑4150 jzehr@teamfcc.com
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Terminal Apron Reconstruction
Gerald R. Ford International Airport | Grand Rapids, Michigan
C&S designed and performed construction administration and observation for the reconstruction of the deteriorated 150,000-square-yard air carrier apron pavement and infrastructure at Gerald R. Ford International Airport. Components included new PCC pavement and asphalt shoulders, utility improvements, including water main and sanitary sewer, new drainage system and infrastructure for collection and disposal of deicing glycol, and terminal area lighting. The pavement geometry adjacent to the concourses was evaluated to allocate space for parked aircraft and aircraft movement around the ends of each concourse and alternatives were prepared. C&S used 3D modeling to develop several concepts to improve overall drainage and glycol collection. The apron pavement includes separated drainage and glycol collection systems with the glycol runoff collected in multiple underground tanks outside the apron pavement. The new system significantly reduces the laborintensive operations and cost of glycol collection. C&S also integrated sustainability into the design and construction, conducting a charrette to collaboratively determine options for enhancing economic considerations, airfield operations, natural systems, and society. Through this www.cscos.com
process several unique and unconventional approaches emerged. Construction phasing was a significant challenge because the airport could not afford to close several gates concurrently. C&S prepared multiple alternatives to minimize impact to aircraft and gate operations. Additional alternatives addressed funding scenarios, given the uncertainty of FAA participation levels. With numerous constraints and the project’s scale, the final phasing plan included seven phases over two years. The project received 5 bids and the lowest was 5% below C&S’s construction cost estimate.
tion meetings prior to each phase change. This gave all stakeholders the opportunity to ask questions and voice any concerns during the ever-changing construction project. This proactive approach improved communication and reduced the construction time. The project received multiple awards from industry organizations including Michigan Concrete Organization, ACEC and ASCE. Contact: Casey Ries, PE, LEED AP Chief Asset Development Officer Engineering and Facilities Director (616) 233-6040 cries@grr.org
C&S oversaw the construction of this $30 million project. To ensure all stakeholders were up to date on the impacts of each phase, C&S led airline and tenant coordinaK19.002.001
Terminal Apron Expansion
Gerald R. Ford International Airport | Grand Rapids, Michigan
The Gerald R. Ford International Airport apron expansion was an opportunity to increase the airport infrastructure capacity to meet its rapidly growing demand. Travel demands are projected to grow considerably over the foreseeable future, prompting the need to increase overall capacity, including expanding the apron and existing terminal building. C&S was the prime firm on this $15M apron expansion project leading the engineering design, bidding, and construction observation and administration. C&S assisted the airport authority with securing supplemental discretionary funding from the FAA including preparation of the justification and application. Time and quality were key requirements to complete the apron expansion project successfully. The airport authority asked C&S to complete the design under an accelerated schedule to seamlessly compliment the on-going terminal apron reconstruction and the upcoming terminal building expansion. The 2-year apron reconstruction was still under construction as C&S designed the apron expansion, along with design of the Concourse A expansion. All three projects had an overlapping footprint. It was imperative to deliver a cost-conscious, flexible, quality design to accommodate simultaneous construction of all www.cscos.com
three projects. C&S found ways to save cost by constructing temporary pavements and utility improvements that minimized rework during the construction of each project. Continuously changing existing and design conditions was a significant challenge that the design teams had to overcome as the result of the colocated, concurrent projects. Another challenge for the team was the increasing aircraft operations and passengers. Ford Airport was one of the fastest growing airports in the country during this time adding flights and new airlines. Phasing of the concurrent projects required careful planning of gate closures, remain-overnight parking, and taxi routes. C&S led stakeholder engagement meetings during the design to gather input and stakeholder coordination meetings dur-
ing construction to keep all parties up to date on the ever changing conditions and schedules. The apron expansion was completed on-time to accommodate the Concourse A expansion allowing the terminal apron to be fully utilized with maximum flexibility for aircraft operations.
Contact: Clinton Nemeth Civil Engineering Manager Director of Engineering and Sustainability (616) 233-6041 cnemeth@grr.org
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Jet Bridge Design and Inspection Ithaca/Tompkins Regional Airport | Ithaca, New York
C&S Companies to performed design and construction inspection services for the jet bridge to serve commuter aircraft at the Ithaca/ Tompkins Regional Airport terminal building. C&S assisted in securing funding for construction of the project through the FAA’s Airport Improvement program. Design and construction were completed in 2002. The jet bridge was designed to provide a comfortable transition for the passengers from the terminal buildings to the aircraft. The main challenge facing C&S was coordination of the construction activities to allow continuous use of the airport during hours of commuter traffic. The expansion of the Jet Bridge was completed within two weeks of schedule.
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Passenger Boarding Bridge Improvements Albany International Airport | Albany, New York
C&S was the architect and engineer for the replacement of existing passenger boarding bridges A4, B9, B11, and C2 and rehabilitation of existing bridges A5, B5, B7, B8 and B10 at Albany International Airport. The project scope included detailed field work to assess the condition of all nine bridges and develop a list of necessary improvements for prioritization and budgeting. Once the overall scope was defined C&S worked with the client to align the improvements to the available funding.
Phasing documents were also developed with airport and airline personnel to ensure that work would not impact the day-to-day operations of the facility.
Contact: John LaClair, pe, ggp Airport Engineer (518) 242-2255 jlaclair@albanyairport.com
The final project involved the replacement of three bridges and the replacement of tires on the remainder to ease operation concerns for end users. The refurbishments to the other five bridges were bid as add-on items to allow flexibility in award. In addition to the passenger boarding bridges, C&S completed included foundation analysis, electrical power distribution, and new preconditioned air and ground power units to improve sustainability and energy efficiency at the airport. www.cscos.com
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and finishes to match the remainder of the vestibules. Wayfinding upgrades were also included due to the changing entry and egress locations. The interior design of the ticketing and baggage wings involved complete finish flooring replacement, new accent lighting and rehabilitation to ticketing counters, Long Island specific exhibit space, and other finish upgrades. New flooring included a mix of durable carpet squares in the circulation paths and porcelain tile around the baggage
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carousels. The flooring pattern was designed to highlight the baggage carousel locations and the new vestibules to clearly delineate traffic patterns throughout. Column cover base replacements were also included. New enclosures were designed to enclose baggage carts and wheelchairs to help them blend in with the overall aesthetic. The project was bid in April 2022 and costs were within one percent of estimate. Construction was completed in Spring 2025. Contact: Rob Schneider Deputy Commissioner of Aviation (631) 467-3300 RSchneider@TownofIslip-NY.gov
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