CCME - April 2010

IMEC in AHU foray

DSI wins Khalifa City project

key perspectives on the region’s hvacr industry

april 2010

RSS opens office in Cyprus Perspective: HFC blends as alternatives to HCFC22 Country focus: Saudi Arabia Plus: • ASHRAE Update • Marketplace • Tenders • Events-Watch

Duct tales

How is the ducting industry faring in the region?

PUBLICATION LICENSED BY IMPZ

US$10

this month

Vol. 5 No. 04 | april 2010

04 editorial

Shale is for real

06 happenings The region 10 happenings At large 11 ashrae update 12 MARKETPLACE advertorials 14 A hybrid solution

Making a credible case for optimised compressors for future supermarket applications, the report, backed by examples, argues that the new energyefficient Bitzer Ecoline series yields significantly higher annual COPs.

28 Adiabatic coolers in double-skin AHUs

The product is environmentally safe and energyefficient, and is ideal for the region

22 cover story Duct tales

Manufacturers brace for the increasing demand for ductwork and design in the region

26 report

‘Let’s get it done outside’

The market for outsourced facilities management is growing at a fast pace in the region, thanks to the advantage it offers, in the form of reduced overhead costs.

22

air ducts

ManufactureRs brace for the increasing demand for ductwork and design in the region

32 Perspective

Blending with the mood

Though there are a couple of caveats to be considered, HFC blends are emerging as potential alternatives to HCFC22 for air conditioning systems.

12

38 country focus Chilling prospects!

Where there was once desert, there will now be what Saudi Arabia calls Economic Cities. With many built from scratch, these cities will fuel a massive demand for air conditioning products.

42 tenders 50 events watch

Inducting students into Ingersoll Rand’s environmental programme is an initiative to raise the bar on energy- efficiency technologies.

10

06 42 38 April 2010

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

3

editorial

Publisher Dominic De Sousa Managing Director & Associate Publisher Frédéric Paillé | fred@cpi-industry.com Editorial Director & Associate Publisher B Surendar | surendar@cpi-industry.com

Shale is for real

F

or several decades at a stretch, the US has been exploring and producing shale gas. It is only in the last 10 years, though, that it has ramped up production, thanks to the combination of horizontal drilling and hydro-fracking.

A case-in point is Barnett, in Texas, which a decade ago, had a handful of wells. Today, that modest figure has swelled to over 12,000 wells. Another example is the Marcellus Basin, in the north-eastern part of the country, which is said to contain an estimated 500 trillion cubic feet of shale gas. At the risk of stating the obvious, these numbers are phenomenal.

Today, thanks to the ramp up, there is conviction in the voice when the US says it has moved that much closer to securing its energy needs for the foreseeable future. Figures vary, but it is generally agreed that while the country imported 11% of its gas needs in 2008, it imports only four per cent today.

Shale gas in the US is for real, said Aloulou Fawzi, at the recently concluded MEGAS Summit in Abu Dhabi. Fawzi works for the Washington DC-based Energy Information Administration (EIA), which is part of the US Department of Energy.

It is not just the US but also Canada, China and Australia that are shale-gas rich. The volumes of gas they contain in their boughs are widely regarded as significant in the oil and gas sectors. Further, the cost of production is comparable to that of producing conventional gas. Yes, there is concern about the potential contamination of aquifers through the exploration of the gas, but experts agree there are adequate leak-prevention measures in place to minimise the risk. With barriers, such as this, falling, it is little surprising to hear of talk that shale gas will impact demand for natural gas worldwide. That’s precisely what speaker after speaker at the MEGAS Summit conveyed to the delegates in no uncertain terms. Prices are coming down, they said. Russia and the countries of the Arabian Gulf will no longer be able to dictate higher prices for export, they added.

To put things in perspective, Qatar is the world’s largest exporter of LNG. It is LNG that contributes significantly to the country’s GDP. In that context, the extent of the impact of shale gas on the peninsula remains to be seen. It is important in the interests of the construction and HVACR sectors that Qatar formulates a formidable response to the challenge.

B Surendar

Associate Editor Jose Franco | jose@cpi-industry.com Contributing Editors Anoop K Menon | anoop@cpi-industry.com Pratibha Umashankar prati@cpi-industry.com Group Sales Director Vedran Dedic vedran@cpi-industry.com Events Manager Deep Karani deep@cpi-industry.com Design Rey Delante | rey@cpi-industry.com Webmaster Troy Maagma | troy@cpidubai.com Database/ Subscriptions Manager Purwanti Srirejeki purwanti@cpi-industry.com ADVERTISING ENQUIRIES Frédéric Paillé: +971 50 7147204 fred@cpi-industry.com Vedran Dedic: +971 50 5574019 vedran@cpi-industry.com USA and Canada Kanika Saxena Director (North America) 25 Kingsbridge Garden Cir Suite 919 Mississauga, ON, Canada L5R 4B1 kanika@cpi-industry.com Tel/fax: +1 905 890 5031 China Sean Xiao Hui China Business Media Group Room 403, Block 17, Wuyimingzhu, No 6 Jinshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350008, China Tel: +86 591 8386 3000 Published by

Head Office PO Box 13700 Dubai, UAE Tel: +971 4 375 68 30 Fax: +971 4 43 419 06 Web: www.cpi-industry.com Printed by: Excel Printing Press, Sharjah, UAE © Copyright 2010 CPI. All rights reserved.

While the publishers have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of all information in this magazine, they will not be held responsible for any errors therein.

Get the next issue of Climate Control Middle East early!

4

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

Did you know that Climate Control Middle East is also available electronically? Get a digitised copy of the magazine every month, before the issue goes for print!

As a bonus, the digital version includes such features as a keyword search, annotation, highlight, notemaking and hot links. For more details, please access www.cpi-industry.com/digital (Zinio is a digital publishing firm based in the USA.) April 2010

happenings

the region

IMEC in AHU foray Company looks forward to a fruitful alliance with Italian partner

I

MEC recently signed an exclusive agreement with FAST-Italy for serving the UAE and Qatar markets. FAST is part of the Giordano Riello Group, and include in their range of products, chillers, AHUs, FCUs, air conditioning and rooftop units.

“The reason we chose FAST is the quality code of manufacturing that FAST follows, including their 18,000-square-metre, completely automated, state-of-the-art

production factory,” said Aslan Al-Barazi, Executive Director, IMEC. He added that Eurovent Certification on their main products as well as being part of the Giordano Riello Group, which is well known in the cooling sector in Italy, were additional factors.

Expressing optimism, Al-Barazi said, “We are, therefore, sure the products will be of high quality and fully compliant to the end-user requirements.”

Paolo Gasparini, Managing Director, FAST, with Aslan Al-Barazi, Executive Director, IMEC

DSI wins Khalifa City project The contract brings the total value of projects awarded to Dh1 billion for the first quarter.

D

rake & Scull Water and Power (DSWP), a Drake & Scull International (DSI) subsidiary has won the entire utilities development works at the residential compound in Abu Dhabi’s Khalifa City.

According to DSWP, it was earlier awarded the district cooling works at the same compound, and it will now begin relevant infrastructure works that include sewer lines, irrigation, telecommunications services, fire fighting, sub stations, and all related civil works, such as roads and paving.

“This contract win marks the eighth for DSI in 2010, bringing the total value of the projects awarded to date to Dh1 billion,” said Khaldoun Tabari, CEO and Vice

Chairman of DSI. “Reaching such a milestone so early in the year has exceeded our expectations. These results are a testament to our progressive growth strategy, and such achievements assure us that we are on the right path with our plans for 2010.”

Tawfiq Abu Soud, Executive Director of DSWP, commented: “One of the motivating factors for us in deciding to form a business stream dedicated to managing and controlling infrastructure, water and power (IWP) works was the surety that we would continuously have a demand in the market to cater to – this has, indeed, been the case till now, due to the non-diminishing demand for water and power, which are the basic elements needed in any community.”

Siemens bags EUR65 million-worth order

Company will supply technology for stabilisation of high-voltage transmission network in Saudi Arabia

S

iemens Energy recently announced that it has received an order worth EUR65 million from Saudi Arabia to supply three turnkey static reactive-power compensation systems. It will supply three static Var compensators (SVCs) for 6

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

different high-voltage levels to Saudi Electric Company (SEC) for stabilisation of the country’s 60-Hertz power transmission network.

According to Siemens Energy, the parallel compensation systems will be deployed at three sites April 2010

in the Hiteen, Qassim and Afif substations and are scheduled to be ready for operation between mid-2011 and early 2012.

“We are pleased that our field-proven technology will be deployed to stabilise the Saudi power transmission network,”

said Udo Niehage, CEO of the Power Transmission Division of Siemens Energy.

The three systems ordered are intended for the 380-kV, 132-kV and 33-kV voltage levels and will have a dynamic compensation capacity of as much as 800 MVAr.

happenings

the region

Siemens powers Saudi plant High-efficiency combined cycle power plants are part of Siemens’ Environmental Portfolio.

T

he Shuaibah IWPP steam power plant with integrated seawater desalination facility in Saudi Arabia has started commercial operation, announced Siemens Energy.

The company built the power plant as a turnkey project together with its consortium partner, Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Company for Shuaibah Water and Electricity Company (SWEC).

The overall plant has an

installed capacity of 900 megawatts (MW). According to Siemens Energy, the seawater desalination plant, supplied by Doosan, will produce approximately 880,000 m3 of drinking water daily for the cities of Mecca, Jeddah, Taif and Al Baha.

In addition to turnkey erection of the plant, the Siemens scope of supply also encompassed three backpressure steam turbinegenerators, each rated at 400 MW, the associated electrical

equipment and an SPPA-T3000 instrumentation and control system. The power plant is also equipped with an advanced flue-gas cleaning plants, said Siemens Energy, which was supported by the regional entity, Siemens Ltd Saudi Arabia, in its implementation of the crude oil-fired power plant.

According to Siemens Energy, by 2024, it is anticipated that the population of Saudi Arabia will have almost doubled to

40 million. New power plants, with a combined capacity of at least 3,000 MW, will be required annually to meet the pronounced increase in power demand. The Kingdom is, therefore, making significant investments in the expansion of capacities for power and drinking water supply. After Jeddah III, Ghazlan and Al Khobar, Shuaibah is the fourth largecapacity steam power plant built by Siemens in Saudi Arabia.

Bahrain’s Housing Minister to be patron of the Green Building Forum Ministry is considering smart buildings technology and sustainable materials for residential buildings

B

ahrain’s Minister of Housing, H.E. Shaikh Ibrahim bin Khalifa Al Khalifa will patronise the first Green Building Forum, to be held at the Bahrain International Exhibition Centre (BIEC) on May 5, 2010.

The Minister will deliver the keynote opening speech to the Forum delegates, in which he is expected to highlight the concept of environmental sustainability as a crucial element of Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030, the objectives of which are to transform the Kingdom from a regional pioneer to a global contender.

The Ministry of Housing is currently considering smart building technology and sustainable materials to build more homes in Bahrain.

According to the ministry communiqué, in addition to Shaikh Ibrahim, the Forum will feature a distinguished line-up of 8

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

renowned speakers from the government, businessmen and environmentalists. The topics slated for discussion include the Copenhagen Treaty and its relevance to the Gulf; Government regulations and green codes of conduct; Green Building in the Gulf; Environmentallysympathetic design and construction; Challenges for the construction industry and sustainable building materials; Smart buildings; Renewable energy powering the home; Carbon trading or zero emissions; Innovation in building; Recycling waste; and Green Building training and education.

The Green Building Forum is organised by Bahrainbased Hilal Conferences & Exhibitions, in association with international event consultancy, North Star Associates.

Commenting on the forthcoming event, Jubran April 2010

Abdulrahman, Managing Director, HCE, said, “The Green Building Forum is enormously relevant to the construction industry and the world we live in, and the patronage of HE the Minister of Housing demonstrates the significance of the event to Bahrain’s housing and construction sector.”

Ahmed Suleiman, Managing Director, North Star Associates, added: “At a time when conventional building strategies are mainly about steel and cement, the Forum provides a platform to reconsider conventional thinking and demonstrate that green building methods do not necessarily compromise quality or translate into higher construction costs.”

Among others, the Forum is supported by the Bahrain Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Bahrain Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Emirates Green Building Council, the Federation of GCC Chambers of Commerce and British Council. It will run concurrently with the fifth gulfBID exhibition, the leading exhibition for the construction and interiors industry in the Northern Gulf, which will be held from May 4 to 6, also at the BIEC.

the region

Housing demand in KSA to grow by 3.3% annually

With 5.6 million units needed by 2014, study pegs residential sector gains at 70% share of real estate market.

S

audi Arabia will need around one million new homes over the next five years to keep up with an estimated 3.3% compound annual growth rate (CAGR), according to a study by Saudi-based Jiwar Real Estate Management and Marketing, a real estate company in the Gulf region and the marketing arm of the Saudi Bin Laden Group. This pace translates to around 5.5 million required units by 2014.

The residential sector has grown substantially to account for 70% of the Kingdom’s real estate market, as the housing demand has risen steadily over the recent years, due mainly to a young and rapidly growing population, constantly seeking affordable homes, says the study. The other 30% is distributed among offices, retail outlets, the hospitality and industrial sectors.

The study also revealed that the short- to medium-term domestic residential outlook is very positive as the demand is expected to surpass supply by 50,000 units annually over the next four to five years. The Saudi residential sector encompasses villas, apartments, duplexes, traditional houses, and residential compounds.

According to the report, Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca, Madina, Damma and Al Khobar are the top residential markets in Saudi Arabia, with the property business in these areas being dominated by rented units, which account for an average of 83% of housing. The number of households in Riyadh city alone is expected to rise to around 1.05 million by 2014, representing a CAGR of 3.7%.

“Saudi Arabia continues to be one of the few property markets in the region capable of sustaining growth within the global recession,” said Dr Saleh Bin Abdullah Al Habib, CEO, Jiwar Real

Estate Management and Marketing. “The residential segment has been the main driver; average occupancy within the six major city markets is, in fact, at around 96%,” he added.

Jiwar is actively involved in the Abraj Al-Bait Towers being developed by the Saudi Bin Laden Group in Mecca. Upon

completion, the 595meter-high structure will occupy a floor area of 1.5 million square meters and become the world’s tallest and largest hotel. It will equal the area of the current record holder, Terminal 3 at the Dubai International Airport in the UAE, and surpass the Rose Tower in Dubai as the world’s tallest hotel.

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CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

9

happenings

at large

RSS opens office in Cyprus

Move coincides with launch of temporary desalination solution

R

ental Solutions & Services (RSS) has launched a temporary desalination solution or mobile desalinated water system. The launch coincides with the opening of its new office in Cyprus to serve the Mediterranean market.

Saying that the Cyprus office will be the hub to ensure uninterrupted supply of fresh water to several islands and resorts, Milan Balac, Managing Director of RSS, added, “Aside from the Middle East and the Asian region, we are confident that our rental power, temporary cooling and mobile desalination plant will benefit the Mediterranean region, in particular

Cyprus, Montenegro, Gibraltar, Spain, Monaco, Italy, Malta, Slovenia, Croatia, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.”

Simon Urquhart, Group Technical Manager for RSS’ mobile desalination division, said that the RSS mobile desalination system used the reverse osmosis technology. “In layman’s terms, we can convert brackish water from a river, lake or bore hole to potable water, and we can also convert sea-water to potable fresh water (complying with all European potable water standards),” Urquhart said. “The potable water can be consumed for drinking, cleaning,

irrigation or other applications.”

Lee Cox, General Manager for Southern Gulf, cited various areas of application for its new products and services to a wide spectrum of clientele. Among them are the construction industry, district cooling and semiconductor plants, the military and government agencies, hospitals, power plants, refineries, pulp and paper industries, steel, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, textile, laundry, agricultural and green house sectors and livestock farms.

RSS is looking at servicing the Gulf region as well as Central Asia, Yemen, India and Pakistan.

Catch ’em young

Inducting students into Ingersoll Rand’s environmental programme is an initiative to raise the bar on energy- efficiency technologies.

T

wo MBA candidates from the Environmental Defense Fund’s (EDF)’s Climate Corps programme will participate in a project to further the environmental efforts of Ingersoll Rand plc (NYSE: IR). EDF is a national nonprofit organisation representing more than 700,000 members.

Announcing this, from Davidson, North Carolina, on March 26, Ingersoll Rand stated that starting in June, the Climate Corps Fellows will work as Ingersoll Rand interns and be responsible for a variety of energyrelated projects, including: • Deploying a new energy management system to the company’s facilities.

• Working with teams of Ingersoll Rand employees to evaluate the results of the company’s energy audits or “treasure hunts”, develop business cases and strategies for improvement and present their recommendations.

• Developing energy-efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction education programmes which are aligned with the climate change goals and policies of the US Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agency.

• Monitoring and analysing US governmentfunded energy efficiency incentives, and 10

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

creating a process to assist leaders in accessing these incentives.

According to Ingersoll Rand, it has signed on with the two agencies – US Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agency – to participate in their respective programmes: Save Energy Now and Climate Leaders.

“The work that the Fellows will undertake is critical to our efforts to improve our energy performance and sustainability,” said Scott Tew, Executive Director of the Center for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability at Ingersoll Rand. “The Climate Corps programme offers a win-win (situation) for students and companies like ours – a unique, hands-on educational approach that will help us achieve our vision of creating safe, comfortable and efficient environments,” he added.

Climate Corps Fellows are MBA students who are recruited by EDF and put through an intensive training on leading energy efficiency technologies and practices. In order to participate in the programme, said Ingersoll Rand, the candidates must demonstrate an ongoing commitment to reducing energy use and a willingness to implement recommendations where feasible.

ashrae update Alternative refrigerants:

acceptance of abstracts. Papers are due on June 25, 2010.

According to ASHRAE, those interested in presenting a paper need to familiarise themselves with commercialism policy The UNEP-ASHRAE-sponsored conference aims to glean ASHRAE’s that can be viewed on ASHRAE’s results achieved, successes and lessons learnt. website.

Abstracts should be submitted, ith the tantalising header 2010. It needs to be remembered that fullly by the deadline, to Prof Walid – ‘Road to climate-friendly technical, non-commercial papers are to Chakroun, DRC, Region-At-Large, chillers: moving beyond beNuaire submitted, based on the guidelines for should be emailed to: CCME Smoke Apr10:Layout 1 13/4/10 ASHRAE, 13:20 and Page 1 CFCs and HCFCs’, the United Nations preparing the manuscripts, only after the chillerconference@gmail.com.

Environmental Programme (UNEP) and ASHRAE-sponsored conference, to be held from September 30 to October 1, this year in Cairo, Egypt, will certainly attract a lot of attention of experts and industry manufacturers alike.

The main objective of the conference, say the organisers, is to enhance the practical knowledge on state-of-the-art alternative refrigerants and to communicate achieved results, successes and lessons learnt.

Authors are invited to submit an abstract on any of the following topics: • Heat-driven water chiller technology • Vapour-compression chiller technology • Absorption chillers technology practical experience: operation, maintenance, energy performance • Solar-assisted cooling systems Axus SVTC & SVT2 • Industrial chiller technology Car Park Ventilation Fans.

• District cooling facility dimensioning and building integration • Alternative refrigerants • Retrofitting of refrigeration systems • Future refrigerants • Funding and implementation of chiller Nuaire, the market leader in ventilation solutions, can help you with all replacement programmes aspects of car park ventilation.

• The organisers have specified that the abstract should be in Word or PDF format Our car park impulse system is used to control contaminants on a day to and should not exceed more than a page. day basis, whilst ensuring smoke is removed quickly and efficiently in the

a call for papers

W

“The complete solution for car park ventilation.”

Those interested in sending in their abstracts need to make sure that the abstract contains the following elements: • The title of the paper • Five keywords • Authors’/author’s names/name and affiliation • Name of the corresponding author together with email and full postal address, telephone and fax numbers • The paper needs to be written in English, which is the official conference language The deadline for submission of abstracts is April 15, 2010.

Authors will be notified of the acceptance of their abstracts by April 25,

event of a fire. With no need for complicated ductwork systems the Nuaire solution optimises space and is cost effective.

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Locations in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and across the Middle East.

April 2010

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

11

marketplace

This section contains regional and international products information

Thermo king

TriPace Electric APU System...

T

riPace Electric APU System; T-1000 Spectrum Multi-Temp Unit and SmartPower High Output Electric Standby Option Saying that the products offered innovative solutions, reduced cost and met applicable regulatory and environmental standards, Thermo King introduced three new products – the TriPace Electric APU System, the T-1000 Spectrum multi-temp unit for trucks and the SmartPower High Output Electric Standby Option.

Thermo King Corporation, a business of Ingersoll Rand, manufacturers of transport temperature control systems for mobile applications, said that the products, unveiled at the MidAmerica Trucking Show in Louisville, Kentucky held from March 25-27, were designed based on customer feedback and extensive field and lab tests, and claimed that they would help run cleaner, quieter, more energy-efficient fleets and meet operational and environmental concerns.

Features: TriPace Electric APU System • It is an electric auxiliary idle-reduction and temperature- management system designed to maintain comfortable temperature conditions in the truck cab without running the engine.

• It is battery and not engine operated, thus significantly reducing fuel and maintenance costs.

• It is cool, clean, quiet and emissionfree, meeting anti-idle and antiemissions regulations and providing optimum system performance and a low life cycle cost.

T-1000 SPECTRUM Multi-Temp Unit for Trucks • It is a self-powered multi-temperature unit with the latest scroll compressor technology.

• The SmartPower electric standby option along with its advanced fuelsaving control technology provides fuel savings in all ambient conditions.

• Its Tier 4 engine emits 38% less particulate matter and 54% less carbon

monoxide than previous engines.

• It is available in two and threecompartment configurations, providing flexibility.

SmartPower High Output Electric Standby Option • It provides the choice of a 24 HP highoutput electric standby option or the existing 14 HP version.

• It delivers quicker pre-cool and less run-time for customers hauling larger frozen loads, along with a greater overall cooling capacity.

• Its electric motor reduces emissions, waste generation, noise and engine wear and tear.

“Our customers need technology that not only meets and evolves with regulatory and environmental requirements,” said Chris Casazza, President, Thermo King.

“They also need technology that reduces costs in order to remain competitive. Our innovations are designed to help them achieve both of these goals now and throughout the lifecycle of their fleets.”

Cliplight Mfg

Vision firefly

I

n what is touted to be the HVACR industry’s first refrigeration manifold (pressure) gauge sets with sight glasses for “Seeing Is Believing” diagnostics in air conditioning, refrigeration, and appliance equipment, Cliplight Mfg, an HVACR tool, leakdetection and refrigeration sealant manufacturer, has introduced Vision and Firefly.

According to the manufacturers, the patent-pending Cliplight Vision makes refrigerant/oil inspection quick and easy with a deep well, see-through sight glass feature that uses ambient light for illumination.

Also patent-pending, FireFly, is claimed to combine a built-in 2x magnifying sight glass with both white or blue LED backlighting to illuminate refrigerant, contaminants and to detect whether or not the system has UV dye. The backlight is operated by an on/off switch that illuminates the sight-glass for more 12

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

accurate refrigerant system diagnostics.

It increases refrigerant visibility by 75% when combined with the magnification feature. Pressing the on/off switch a second time activates the blue light and illuminates any refrigerant UV dye traces. Pressing it a third time returns the module to the off mode.

Dubbing Firefly and Vision the diagnostic tools of the HVAC industry,

Cliplight Mfg highlight the other gauge features of the products: • Conical piston manifold valves that allow even-flow throttle adjustment and minimise refrigerant surges that are common among ordinary piston or valve designs.

• Class-1.6 steel case construction with a bronze tube and brass socket.

• Face dials also designed to display R-410A, R-22, and R-404A refrigerants.

• Ratchet hanger that locks an intended positioning in place.

• Ergonomic heavy duty handles with calibration rings that display valve position.

• Fine throttle control valves for liquid charging of blended refrigerants.

• Can be used with all CFC, HCFC and HFC refrigerants.

• Compatibility with all standard refrigerant hoses.

• Limited lifetime warranty on manifold bar and valves.

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HEAD OFFICE

: P.O. Box 2328

Dubai Showroom : Abu Dhabi Showroom : Sharjah Showroom : E-mail : info@unigulf.ae

Copper Coils and Pipes

Filter Driers, Sight Glass & Shut of Valve

Soldering & Brazing Products

Flexible Duct Connectors, Insulation Fasterners & Duct Hardware

Insulation Tapes & Cladding

Refrigeration Components

Airconditioning & Refrigeration Products

Tel. : 04-2862100

Fax : 04-2858001

P.O. Box 2328 Tel. : 04-2223697/2282940 Fax : 04-2281435 P.O. Box 47356 Tel. : 02-6338748 Fax : 02-6338749 P.O. Box 27358 Tel. : 06-5397099 Fax : 06-5397088 Website : www.unigulfdevelopment.ae

Refrigeration Service, Products, Tools & Accessories

Rubber Pipe Insulation

advertorial

A hybrid solution Making a credible case for optimised compressors for future supermarket applications, the report, backed by examples, argues that the new energy-efficient Bitzer Ecoline series yields significantly higher annual COPs. ABSTRACT Climate change and limited fossil fuel resources require us to use energy more efficiently.

As concerns refrigerants and the refrigeration and air conditioning systems in which they are used, two aspects have come under scrutiny in this regard.

Firstly, the refrigerants frequently used today have an immediate influence on the global greenhouse effect if they are allowed to escape into the atmosphere uncontrolled. Secondly, the choice of refrigerant significantly affects the energy requirement of a refrigeration system and the associated CO2 emissions.

One appropriate approach to this situation is a hybrid solution. These systems are constructed as cascades, in which the low-temperature stage uses environmentally neutral CO2 as refrigerant.

For the medium-temperature stage, R134a offers the best solution available today from among the HFCs, with low pressure levels and a favourable GWP. In terms of its low TEWI value and good eco-efficiency this combination may, for now, 14

be regarded as close to ideal.

To further increase the ecoefficiency of these systems Bitzer is making further strategic developments to its product range. While a triedand-tested series of subcritical compressors is available for the low-temperature stage, a special series of compressors has been developed for R134a refrigerant in the mediumtemperature stage. The area of application of these new compressor types has been optimised down to lower condensing temperatures and thus also for better coefficients of performance (COP).

The considerations and reasons for developing the new series, the implementation and stages of development and the first results obtained from the new compressor series are discussed and explained below.

INTRODUCTION Climate change and limited fossil fuel resources require us to use energy more efficiently.

As concerns refrigerants and the refrigeration and air conditioning systems in which they are used, two

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

Calculations indicate that systems that use a refrigerant with relatively low GWP value (eg R134a) in the mediumtemperature stage can achieve a substantially better TEWI value than do the R404A solutions that are still in widespread use.

aspects have come under scrutiny in this regard.

Firstly, the refrigerants frequently used today have an immediate influence on the global greenhouse effect if they are allowed to escape into the atmosphere uncontrolled. Secondly, the choice of refrigerant significantly affects the energy requirement of a refrigeration system and the associated CO2 emissions.

The TEWI evaluation has become established as a tool for the environmental assessment of a refrigeration system that outputs values for all of the system’s impacts on the environment.

Calculations indicate that systems that use a refrigerant with relatively low GWP value (eg R134a) in the mediumtemperature stage can achieve a substantially better TEWI value than do the R404A solutions that are still in widespread use.

Our objective is to further optimise these plant systems in order to reduce this value still further. A major aspect of this is to introduce specific measures to reduce the energy consumption of the compressor. These measures can be both outside the compressor, for example, by reducing the pressure ratio, and inside it. This can be done, for instance, by improving the isentropic efficiency. For lowtemperature applications, a trend has emerged towards CO2 as refrigerant.

The combination of this with the mediumtemperature cooling concept described above results in a solution – referred to here as a hybrid solution – that is already in widespread use in new installations in Central Europe. At present, this combination represents an almost ideal solution from both economic and environmental considerations. See Figure 1.

pressor, e.g. by reducing the pressure ratio, and inside it, e.g. by improving the isentropic efficiency.

For low-temperature applications a trend has emerged towards CO2 as refrigerant.

The combination of this with the medium-temperature cooling concept described above results in a solution - referred to here as a hybrid solution - that is already in widespread use in new installations in Central Europe. At present this combination represents an almost ideal solution from both economic and environmental considerations, see Fig. 1.

refrigeration is provided to the chiller cabinets by compound systems for medium and low temperature applications with three to five compressors each. Direct evaporation systems have become established, at least in Europe. In the hybrid system, the LT stage is constructed as a CO2 cascade system. A simplified schematic diagram is shown in Figure 2.

Adaptation to the required capacity is primarily effected by switching compressors in and out; a finer degree Figure 1: Eco-efficiency of control can additionally of various plant systems be obtained by closing off cylinder heads or by means of speed regulation using Fig. 1 Eco-efficiency of various plant systems While tried-and-tested pressure ratios – compressors While tried-and-tested subcritical CO2 compressors are already available for the low-frequency inverters. subcritical CO2 compressors optimised for COP An important prerequisite temperature stage, an energy-optimised series has been newly developed for the are already available for the • Safe and dependable for achieving low system While triedmedium-temperature stage.compressor operation, low temperature stage, an energy consumption is and-tested energy-optimised series has particularly with regard to that it be operated with subcritical been newly developed for the use with reduced condensing a far reduced condensing medium-temperature stage. temperatures, taking into temperature. This CO2 The considerations and account design features that requirement can be effectively compressors reasons for developing this have proved themselves over clarified by means of an new Bitzer Ecoline series, the many years example: are already implementation, results and • Extended application range Related to R134a refrigerant available first experiences obtained in regards to condensing and an evaporation for the low from the new compressor temperatures leads to temperature of to = -7°C, toh series are discussed and increased operating safety in = +20°C means a reduction of temperature explained below. summer the condensing temperature stage, an • Higher motor efficiency from +40°C to +20°C, an energyCRITERIA FOR throughout the entire increase in compressor INCREASING ENERGY bandwidth of the compressor cooling capacity of optimised EFFICIENCY IN application range approximately. 27%, while the series has RECIPROCATING power required at the shaft COMPRESSORS Reduction of internal falls by 20%. The result is an been newly Particular attention was given pressure drops in the increase in the coefficient developed for to the following points during compressors of performance for the the Medium development: Typically, in medium-sized compressor of about 59%.

• Operation with low and larger supermarkets, The increase in compressor temperature performance demonstrated stage. at this operating point results on the one hand from the larger available enthalpy difference. On the other, the compressor achieves a higher volumetric efficiency at lower pressure ratios, which results in an increase in refrigerant mass flow in the compressor of about 8%.

The reduction of the condensing temperature from +40°C to +20°C additionally increases the specific volume of the refrigerant on the highpressure side of the system Figure 2: Schematic diagram of a CO2/R134a hybrid system by about 73%. There is thus Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of a CO2/R134a hybrid system

Adaptation to the required capacity is primarily effected by switching compressors in and out; a finer degree of control can additionally be obtained by closing off cylinder heads or by means of speed regulation using frequency inverters.

April 2010

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

15

Fig. 4 Cutaway view of compressor •

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Modified valve plate design: The working valves are arranged specifically for the high volume flow and normally low pressure ratios that occur. In order to avoid constrictions in the valve area the suction gas valves and discharge valves and the cross-sections of the valve openings have been modified and laid out accordingly. At the same time, attention was given to ensuring the long life of the valve plate construction. The optimisation of these two requirements was reached after much effort in development and testing.

Figure.

3: HP-side mass and volume flow characteristic Fig. 3: HP-side mass and volume flow characteristic asas functions of con- Figure 5: Bitzer Ecoline valve plate functions of condensing Temperature densing temperature

an increase in volume

side, with consideration given

long life of the valve plate

will be facilitated by further technical developments, for side of the compressor of The optimisation of these head, compressor housing example, by introducing 87% flow channels and shut-off electronic expansion valves.

(1) two requirements was pcompared ~  * V2/2 to operation at a condensing temperature reached after much effort in valve in order to achieve This highly appropriate Pressure of p +40°C.= (See Figure 3).drop (Pa) a high COP at a reduced development and testing. operating mode leads to a  low-pressure = Density of fluid (kg/m³) The volume condensing temperature. large reduction in loading V however, = Volume flowbyof fluid (m³/h) • Larger flow cross-sections flow, increases In the course of the on the motor, observed in the compressor housing: only the 8%, which results optimisation measures for throughout the year. Account or the 87% HP volume flow increase in the example shown above, an increase Owing to the facts stated from the higher volumetric the new Bitzer Ecoline series is taken of this fact in the n the pressure drop by a factor of 3.5 can be expected. above, particular attention efficiency and mass flow of reciprocating compressors, new compressor series, in was given to the high already mentioned. the following design features which the built-in motors are his evaluation showsmass thatand thevolume optimisation of the compressor Fig. 3: HP-side flow characteristic as functionsrequires of con- particular attemperature should also be noted ention todensing the It high-pressure side, withthat consideration to the valve weregiven developed with plate, a viewcylinder to pressure side. However, the selected specifically with this ead, compressor housingofflow valve in orderdrop: to achieve the behaviour thechannels pressureand shut-off minimal pressure (see a pressure drop of the suction in mind. (See figure 6) igh COP atbeanoted reduced condensing side of the compressor was is in proportion tooftemperature. the With the lower average should alsodrop that the behaviour the pressurefigure drop is 4) in proportion to the quare of thesquare volume flow rate.volume flow rate. included in the optimisation of the motor loading, higher motor n the course of the optimisation measures for the new BITZER ECOLINE series of Fig. 5 BITZER ECOLINE valve plate process, with attention • Modified valve plate design: efficiencies are thus achieved.

(1) p compressors ~  * V2/2 eciprocating the following design features were developed with a view• Larger flow cross-sections in the compressor housing: given to the shutoff valve, The working valves are Emphasis was also given to o minimal pressure drop: Owing to the facts stated above, particular attention was given to the highp = Pressure drop (Pa) drive motor and suction-side arranged specifically for capacity pressure side.

However, the pressureensuring drop of thesufficient suction side of the compres = Density of fluid (kg/m³) sor was included in theplate. optimisation process, with attention givenIttoisthe shutsituation at the valve the high volume flow and reserves for the motor.

V = Volume flow of fluid (m³/h) off valve, drive motor and suction-side situationwith at thethe valve plate. normally low pressure ratios possible standard* or the 87% HPFor volume in the examplethat shown above,Inanorder increase the flow 87%increase HP volume Optimisation of the drive occur. to avoid motor configuration to the pressure drop by a factor of 3.5 can be expected. flow increase in the example motor constrictions in the valve operate the Bitzer Ecoline 2.2 Optimisation of the drive motor shown an increase in compressor In newly planned area,requires the suction gas compressor at up to 70 Hz his evaluation shows above, that the optimisation of the particular at-valves ntion to the the high-pressure withby consideration to the valve plate,valves cylinderand the In newly planned refrigeration systems supermarket sector, lower pressureside, drop a factor givenand refrigeration systems in the in the discharge trans-synchronously in aannual averead, compressor housing flow channels and shut-off valve in order to achieve a agesupermarket condensing temperatures are to be expected. of 3.5 can be expected. sector, lower cross-sections of the valve supermarket environment, gh COP at a reduced condensing temperature.

This is the result of what was described above and will be facilitated by further techThis evaluation shows averagee.g. condensing openings have been modified nicalannual see Figure 7. valves. This highly apdevelopments, by introducing electronic expansion the course that of thethe optimisation measures for the new BITZER ECOLINE series of optimisation of the temperatures are to be to a large reduction and laid out accordingly. At propriate Apartinfrom theonenergy operating mode leads loading the motor, obciprocating compressors the following design features were developed with a view throughout theisyear. is taken of this fact in the new compressor compressor expected.

This the Account result of the same time, attention has served benefits of the adapted motor seminimal pressure drop: requires particular in which built-in motors areand selected specifically this the in mind. attention to the high-pressure wasthedescribed above been given to ensuring the ries,what capacity, as with a rule, costs for

should also be noted that the behaviour of the pressure drop is in proportion to the flow on the high-pressure construction. to the valve plate, cylinder quare of the volume flow rate.

Figure 4: Cutaway of compressor Fig. 4 Cutaway view ofview compressor 16

•

Figure 6: Motor efficiency characteristic for a Bitzer Ecoline compressor Fig. 6 Motor efficiency characteristic for a BITZER ECOLINE compressor

Modified valve plate design: CLIMATE CONTROL EAST April 2010 The working valves areMIDDLE arranged specifically for the high volume flow and normally low pressure ratios that occur. In order to avoid constrictions in the With the lower average motor loading, higher motor efficiencies are thus achieved. valve area the suction gas valves and discharge valves and the cross-sections

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For example purposes an operating point of to = -10°C / tc = +30°C, R134a was used.

For this point the increase in compressor COP is about 14%, see the solid-line arrow on the graph. The COP improvement is substantially higher at about 32% for a condensing temperature of +15°C.

Figure 9: COP comparison for previous compressor series and Bitzer Ecoline series

Fig. 9 COP comparison for previous compressor series and BITZER ECOLINE series

+5°C. Taking Berlin as

Net supply and motor layout 400V/3/50Hz 3.3 Evaluation of the results with the TEWI calculation an example location, the Figure 7: Torque requirement as a function of speed

To evaluate the results obtained, the expectedambient annual energy consumptionis is detertemperature below mined on the basis of the cumulative frequency of outdoor temperatures andthe the re+5°C for about 42% of sultant condensing temperature. These values are then entered into a TEWI evaluaApart from installation the energy benefits adaptedfrom motor capacity,the as a ruletion. theThe costs for datum is provided here byyear (value 2003).

This in extending electrical also fallof theResults reference a system usingfor R404A refrigerant electrical also fall owing to smaller components such as contactors, both LT andfreMT applications. means that the compressors application range owing toinstallation smaller components

Fig. 7 Torque requirement as a function of speed

operate largely in their If one compares a point on The largest We begin from the following assumptions: optimised range. This aspect the respective application part of Low-temperature application: therefore represents a limits of earlier R134a RefrigerantTEWI R404A CO2 Cascade the OVERALL RESULTS significant contribution to the compressors and the new GWP 3780 1 3.Overall results Maximum motor power 15 kW kW The measures described improved annual15COP. Bitzer Ecoline compressor reduction is Operating conditions to = -35°C / toh =20K to = -31°C / toh =20K above and implemented in and series, (see Figure theBITZER ECOLINE The measures described above implemented in the8), new seCondensation dt = 10K / tcu = 0K tc = -2°C / tcu = 2K attributable thelead newtoBitzer Ecoline seriesannual Results from situation ries significantly higher COPs. appears as follows: Energy consumption E Calculation with Karlsruhe 2003design temperature profile the changeCompressor Constant load running-time compensated lead to significantly higher modifications to the Refrigerant R134a, to = -10°C; to Charged amount m 52 kg 31 kg The results obtained and their effectstoh=20°C, may be generally categories: annual COPs. compressor tcu=0K divided into twoof refrigerant Leakage L 8.0 % 5.9 % The results obtained and In this10.0 area.

• Application limit of % it turned out Recuperation losses from R404Anα • Extending the totcmin lower pressure their effects may bepermissible generally application that the relative size of the previousrange series: = +20°C ratios 10 years Operating time Energy mix 3780) to ß 0.616 kg CO2 / kWh divided into two categories: optimisation benefits is in -> COP = 4.1 (GWP • Compressor features adapted•toApplication the refrigeration in regard to the • Extending the permissible relation to the efficiency of limitsystem of Bitzer R134a (GWP 1370). the previous model. It has higher range resulting application to volume lower flow Ecoline series In addition, pressure ratios been possible here to make for to = -10°C: tcmin = +15°C The larger part of these arises from the possibility of operation with a low condensing • Compressor features optimisations specially for -> COP = 5.5 the temperature. This will be demonstrated with a realistic practical example below.reduced adapted to the refrigeration the energy-saving application For this operating point this pressure system in regard to the higher represents an improvement in range. The graph in Figure 9 resulting flow shows the results. compressor COP of about 34%. level of the 3.1 Resultsvolume from extending the application range For the purposes of R134a system If one a point on the respective application limits of earlier R134a comThecompares larger part of these example, an operating point Given a temperature pressors and the BITZER ECOLINE compressor see Fig. 8,results the situation in an arises from the new possibility of to = -10°C / tc = +30°C, difference in the series, air-cooled appears as follows: of operation with a low R134a was used. condenser of 10K, the accordingly condensing temperature.

For this point, the increase condensing temperature of low leakage This will be demonstrated in compressor COP is about +15°C used in the example rate. with a realistic practical 14%. See the solid-line arrow corresponds to an ambient example below. on the graph. The COP temperature of improvement is substantially higher at about 32% for a condensing temperature of +15°C. (see figure 9) quency etc. frequency such asinverters contactors, inverters etc.

Figure. 8: Extended R134a application limit of the new Bitzer Ecoline series

Fig. 8 Extended R134a application limit of the new BITZER ECOLINE series

18

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

Refrigerant R134a, to = -10°C; toh=20°C, tcu=0K

Evaluation of the results with the TEWI calculation To evaluate the results obtained, the expected annual energy consumption is determined on the basis of the cumulative frequency of outdoor temperatures and the resultant condensing temperature. These values are then entered into a TEWI evaluation. The reference

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The annual energy consumption was calculated on the basis of the cumulative quency of outdoor temperatures for Karlsruhe. In the hybrid system the extern perature influences only the energy consumption of the medium-temperature s the low-temperature section gives off its heat at a constant tc.

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The TEWI value is determined using equation (2). The result of the calculation played graphically in Fig. 10.

TEWI = (GWP x L x n) + (GWP x m (1- α)) + (n x E x ß)

datum is provided here by a system using R404A refrigerant in both LT and MT applications.

We begin from the following assumptions:

(2)

accordingly low leakage rate.

The significance gained in the TEWI assessment by the system energy requirement is worthy of comment. The

Low-temperature application: Refrigerant

R404A

CO2 Cascade

GWP 3780 1 Maximum motor power 15 kW 15 kW Operating conditions to = -35°C / Δtoh =20K to = -31°C / Δtoh =20K Condensation dt = 10K / Δtcu = 0K tc = -2°C / Δtcu = 2K Energy consumption E Calculation with Karlsruhe 2003 temperature profile Constant load Compressor running-time compensated Charged amount m 52 kg 31 kg Leakage L 8.0 % 5.9 % Recuperation losses α 10.0 % Operating time n 10 years Energy mix ß 0.616 kg CO2 / kWh Figure 10: Comparison of TEWI values of the various plant systems

Medium-temperature application:

Fig. 10 Comparison of TEWI values of the various plant systems refrigeration applications, is if the TEWI value is to be the hybrid CO2/R134a further reduced.

GWP 3780 1370 solution currently offers The Bitzer Ecoline series Maximum motor power 50kW + LT subcooleer 50kW + Qc CO2 stage the best performance in was developed with a range Operating conditions to = -7°C / Δtoh =20K to = -7°C / Δtoh =20K terms of ecoefficiency. This of models designed for Condensation Δt = 10K / Δtcu = 2K technology represents an commercial refrigeration, see Energy consumption E Calculation with Karlsruhe 2003 temperature profile optimum in terms of economy Figure 11.

Constant load Compressor running-time compensated The largest part of the TEWI reduction is attributable to thelifecycle change ofand refrigerant fro (system costs) Early releases of Bitzer Charged amount m 120 kg 132 kg carbon footprint (lower Ecoline compressors R404A (GWP 3780) to R134a (GWP 1370).have In addition, the reduced pressure level Leakage L 8.0 % 2.7 % TEWIrate. value).The choice of been in field low trialsleakage Recuperation losses α 10.0 % system results in the R134a anrunning accordingly Operating time n R134a refrigerant with its since mid-September 2009 10 years Energy mix ß 0.616 kg CO2 / kWh relatively favourable GWP and, as expected, have been The significance gained in the TEWI assessment theadvantageous system energy propertyrequiremen problem-free.

Experiences by and Table 1 Values used in example for TEWI evaluation of lowersystem pressure level results to abou date proportion have been entirely is worthy of comment. The to 70% for the R404A increases in a reduction in the levelisofthe use of positive and canclear allow once us to again 96% in the hybrid system. This makes how important The annual energy 70% proportion for the R404A direct emissions observed in expect good results in terms compressors is if the is toassessment be further reduced. consumption was calculated more systemenergy-efficient increases to about 96% the TEWI from the of a good annual COP.TEWI value on the basis of the cumulative in the hybrid system. This outset. A further optimisation SUMMARY frequency of outdoor makes clear once again how series the hybrid design candesigned also The BITZER ECOLINE was developed with a of range of models for Various studies have indicated temperatures for Karlsruhe. important is the use of more be realised with the new Bitzer commercial refrigeration, see Fig. 11. that for supermarket In the hybrid system the energy-efficient compressors Ecoline series of compressors. external temperature influences only the energy consumption of the mediumtemperature stage; the lowtemperature section gives off its heat at a constant tc.

The TEWI value is determined using equation (2). The result of the calculation is displayed graphically in Figure 10.

TEWI = (GWP x L x n) + (GWP (2) x m (1- a)) + (n x E x ß)

Refrigerant

R404A

The largest part of the TEWI reduction is attributable to the change of refrigerant from R404A (GWP 3780) to R134a (GWP 1370). In addition, the reduced pressure level of the R134a system results in an 20

R134a – BITZER ECOLINE15

Figure Range of of models in the Bitzer Ecoline series ECOLINE series Fig. 1111:Range models in the BITZER

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

Early releases of BITZER ECOLINE compressors have been running in field trials

cover story

Duct tales 22

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

ManufactureRs brace for the increasing demand for ductwork and design in the region By Jose Franco

T

hey are used in HVAC to deliver and remove air, ensuring acceptable indoor air quality and thermal comfort. As such, they form a key part of the central air conditioning system. As such, adjusting the air condition and appearance of buildings depend largely on duct quality. The needed airflows like supply air, return air and exhaust air have a lot to say about a project’s sustainability, depending on the type of ductwork (duct system) and duct design (planning or laying out) being employed.

A redesign carried out by Lee Company, a US-based design/build mechanical contractor, on Georgia Tech’s Campus Recreation Center, for instance, managed to cut the project’s HVAC/ plumbing budget by over $100,000. This involved using fabric air dispersion duct, which replaced the originally specified double-wall round aluminium. Lee also threaded fabric duct through bough trusses in the centre’s fourth-floor gyms, and branched out for complete floor coverage.

FABRIC DUCT Fabric ducts have not been unheard of in the Gulf and the Middle East, but customers here need a lot of persuasion from manufacturers and distributors to use them for cost-efficiency and sustainability. “Still the customers/clients are not familiar with fabric ducts,” says Tawfiq M Attari, global sales and technical director for the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) market of DuctSox. “But, as we now have a lot of references, the clients start to like the idea of using fabric duct in their projects.”

Not only do they save on material and labour costs, fabric ducts do not as well require interior insulation and exterior epoxy coatings, which ward off condensation and corrosion, respectively, in natatorium

(structurally a separate building containing a swimming pool) environments. In a case study on the project, Michael Saunders, one of its engineers, says, “Fabric duct offers a bonus over metal in natatorium environments because pool chemicals do not degrade polyester fabric material.”

The Sedona fabric duct that Lee had used in the $45-million, 289,000-square-foot (sq ft) recreation centre at the Georgia Institute of Technology, in Atlanta, was also manufactured

by DuctSox, in Dubuque, Iowa. The duct’s comfort-flow air dispersion and linear vents had helped cut both material and installation costs. The gray, fabric duct with a diameter of 56 inches distributes dry, conditioned air along a wall of exterior windows and three 36-inch diameter ceilinghung branches on the entire length of the pool surface.

The duct’s length hanging 50 ft over the pool, which was originally built for the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta, features DuctSox’s Sonic Vent technology at three custom-manufactured

April 2010

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

23

cover story positions of one, five and 11 o’clock. This is aimed to distribute air evenly while avoiding deflection against the 13-ft-deep ceiling joists running in-between. Enclosing the mammoth pool is the 100,000-sq-ft Aquatic Center, which also presented a host of HVAC design challenges for Georgia Tech, Lee Company and Hastings + Chivetta Architects.

“The trick was to get high enough velocity from the fabric duct, but not so much that unnecessary evaporation is caused at the pool surface

level,” Saunders says of the ductwork and design for the project, whose anchor is the 13,300-sq-ft pool. In a case study, he adds: “In the case of Georgia Tech, we like the balance we’ve achieved.”

Open-ceiling application projects similar to Georgia Tech’s recreation centre holds great promise for the Gulf and the wider Middle East market, says Attari, although it’s not yet as big as in the US or China.

“But it is growing fast, and we are trying to open new markets by innovating fabric duct, such as our Under Floor and our

One of DuctSox’s projects at the Red Sea Mall, in Jeddah

Ducting facts Ducts are traditionally made of sheet metal, which is installed first and then lagged with insulation. If a ductwork is done from rigid insulation panels it need not be insulated further and is installed in a single fix. Pre-insulated aluminium ductwork is light and easy to install.

The following are some of the various ducts: Fibreglass duct board This has built-in thermal insulation and its interior surface absorbs sound, thereby helping the HVAC system to operate quietly.

Flexible ducting Also known as “flex”, this duct has a variety of configuration. For HVAC applications, it is a flexible plastic over a metal wire coil – becoming a round, flexible duct.

This is convenient for attaching supply air outlets to the rigid ductwork, but the pressure loss through flex is higher than for most other types of ducts.

Fabric Also known as air socks, duct socks or textile ducts, fabric ducts give even air distribution throughout the entire length. These are made of special permeable polyester material. When fitted above a ceiling, fabric ducts must be PVC coated, so as to sustain high-performance without a regular maintenance.

Here are the various components of a duct system: Vibration isolators These are inserted into the duct immediately before and after the air handler, whose blowers create vibration, hence, noise. These are made of rubberised, canvas-like materials that mute the vibration to the attached ducts.

Take-offs When a main duct branches into many subsidiary ducts, the fittings called “take-offs” divert a small portion of the flow from the main duct to each branch duct. The fittings, stuck into openings cut into the wall of the main duct, have small

24

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

bent metal tabs that retain the take-off on the main duct.

Their round versions are called “spin-in fittings”.

Stacks, boots and heads These are vertical ducts of very wide and thin rectangular or oval sections. A “stack boot” at the bottom provides a transition from a rectangular duct to a thin wall-mounted duct while a “stack head” provides a transition back to ordinary ducting. A “register head” provides the transition to a wall-mounted air register.

Volume and control dampers This provides the adjustment of the volume of air flow to various parts of the system.

Smoke/Fire dampers These are found in ductwork, where the ductwork passes through a firewall. A probe in the run of duct detects smoke within the duct system which is supplied from the air handing unit, for instance.

Plenums These are the central distribution collection units for an HVAC system. The supply plenum directs air from the central unit to the intended rooms while the return plenum carries the air from large vents to a central air handler.

Terminal units These are fan-powered mixing boxes or VAV “boxes” of either single or dual duct. There is usually one terminal unit per thermal zone.

Air terminals These refer to supply air outlets and “return” or “exhaust air inlets”. These are mainly used for appearance purposes, but some also carry air filters (thus known as “filter returns”).

DUCT TALES

Kitchen Sox, for use inside the office buildings,” he adds, revealing that the company has already got a “very good share” of projects in the UAE and the Gulf.

In an e-mail interview, Attari stresses that DuctSox, whose MENA offices are in Riyadh and Amman, is planning to open new technical and sales offices across the MENA region, to take advantage of the growing market. He remarks, “We believe that Kuwait, the UAE, Qatar and KSA [Kingdom of Saudi Arabia] are the biggest markets due to the big projects under construction in these countries.” The company has ongoing projects in the UAE (Nestle Factory, Phase 2) Qatar (new Doha International Airport) and Jordan (Royal Boxing Arena).

GREEN DUCT As its duct is 55% recycled, DuctSox is proud and confident that a product’s eco-friendly characteristics will further enhance a manufacturer’s market share. One of DuctSox’s “best advantages” is its innovative products, the latest of which are the Chemo Sox (for chemical factories),

Tawfiq M Attari

Under Floor fabric duct (server rooms and high-rise buildings) and Kitchen Sox (kitchen areas). The company makes it a point to produce two or three new products or innovative product ideas a year to advance in a competitive market.

There is, indeed, a stiff competition out there that manufacturers and distributors need to contend with through competitive prices and by being in contact with their customers.

Companies must get the feel of what the customers want or are looking for, says Syed Arshad Ali Shah, formerly marketing executive of Dubaibased Al-Mira Steamatic.

He adds that, for instance, customers want ducts with light materials for easy installation and those which they can open easily for regular cleaning.

He also stresses that manufacturers and distributors conduct information and education campaigns on the importance of maintaining air quality within buildings and other residential, commercial and manufacturing facilities. But the companies themselves must improve their lot, Ali Shah says, noting that some distributors here lack the capability and resources to carry out big projects, such as those in hotels and retail facilities.

Attari says DuctSox is almost the only duct manufacturer he knows which visits the construction sites for installation training and supervision without charging the customers or contractors. “And we make the visits, for the customers to give them the best solutions for their projects all around the Middle East,” he adds.

“Saudi Arabia is the biggest country in the Gulf area and it has the biggest projects, and we are working sideby-side with the contractors in KSA to make our market bigger in KSA.”

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April 2010

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

25

report

‘Let’s get it done outside’ The market for outsourced facilities management is growing at a fast pace in the region, thanks to the advantage it offers, in the form of reduced overhead costs. Frost & Sullivan’s Ramesh Kumar has the report.

T

he Middle East is home to some of the world’s construction wonders, all built with the help of the once burgeoning GDP to support the growing population in the GCC states.

Countries in the GCC have adopted optimum use of technology and capital to make the Middle East the modern construction capital of the world.

With the arrival of multinational corporations, the demand to adopt and retain international standards is evident in all areas of society. This has induced a need to maintain facilities and increase the lifecycle of the building. Though the actual advantages of hiring a professional facility management company to maintain buildings and assets is still not acknowledged, the market for it is growing at a phenomenal pace.

The market for outsourced facilities management has been growing at an exponential pace since the year 2000, mainly fuelled by the need to concentrate on core business activities.

However, there was a downward revision of market statistics influenced by the after-effects of the economic crisis in the Gulf.

But some end-users were fully aware of the monetary 26

benefits of involving a professional facilities management company. In fact, most end-users have begun involving them at the design phase of the building to improve the lifecycle of the asset and to efficiently manage operational costs in the long run.

Despite a growing demand for it and its increasing popularity, this industry was severely impacted by the economic recession, which spread across the region, starting in Dubai.

However, some facilities management companies were well-insulated against this downturn, mainly due to the need for reducing costs; FM service providers help to reduce the overheads.

Mostly, the providers who faced limited impact of the downturn were the ones who had a healthy order book and several long-term contracts in hand.

Though the number of contracts in 2008 was equal to that in 2007, the value was small. Moreover, many new buildings were almost 50% complete, and yet did not award a contract to any facilities management service provider, as developers in the region were sceptical about entering into long-term and high-value contracts.

The total market for

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

Many new buildings were almost 50% complete, and yet did not award a contract to any facilities management service provider, as developers in the region were skeptical about entering into longterm and high-value contracts.

facilities management in the Middle East was around $3.5 billion in 2008. The market growth rate slowed due to the sub-prime mortgage crisis that affected the global business environment. Some new construction projects were put on hold, and hence, new contracts were few. However, the growth and scope for facilities management services in the Gulf States are still high.

• The facilities management (FM) industry in the GCC is structured into three groups: single service providers, bundled service providers, and Integrated Facilities Management (IFM) service providers.

• There is a large cluster of companies that provide single services and specialise in it.

Most single-service companies are beginning to partner with IFM providers in order to have safe order books. However, the demand for single services still remains strong as endusers value their experience and professional service.

• There are more than 30 domestic and international companies that provide FM services in the GCC. There are over 50 service providers that operate in the unorganised sector and will continue to contribute to the FM market growth.

IFM Service Providers

Bundled Service Providers

Single Service Providers

• The IFM market is expected to grow rapidly as more clients understand the ease of doing business with FM

providers under a single contract. This will also help bundled services to grow.

• FM services in the GCC

grew at a phenomenal pace until the recent recession.

With the construction sector being one of the largest contributors to the FM market’s failure in Dubai, the outsourced FM market was adversely affected like in all the other countries. There was a sharp fall in the growth rate of the market.

• FM growth in the Middle East is expected to gain momentum once the construction industry revives in all the regions, especially in the UAE. Dubai and Abu Dhabi have been contributing most of the revenue for the UAE market. This trend is likely to shift and start focusing on emirates such as Sharjah and Ras-Al-Khaimah, as they have started attracting multiple foreign investments.

• Oman and Kuwait have not grown drastically. In addition to this, the economic downturn adversely affected

the FM market in these countries. The growth is likely to stabilise in all the regional markets by the end of 2010 due to the economic recovery and increasing awareness about FM services.

• The overall facilities management market in the GCC is expected to grow at a CAGR of 18% from 2008 to 2013. There was a drop in the growth rate in 2008, mainly due to the economic crisis in the Gulf, coupled with crash in oil prices.

• The demand for facilities FM is growing strongly and moving in the right direction, with the need for professional maintenance evidently increasing. Builders and facility owners in the region are becoming aware of the commercial and environmental advantages of involving a facilities management firm to address their maintenance needs.

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I

window to cool the inside water by evaporating the water which runs out though the clay pores.

The concept has been recalled again by Zamil Air Conditioners in the double-skin AHUs. It is environmentally safe and energy-efficient, and is ideal for our region, where many places are complying with the adiabatic cooling requirement like high-dry temperature and low-humidity ratio.

Air conditioning systems with low initial investment play a major role in manipulating the annual operating costs – maintenance, energy and service – which will end up in a crucial effect on the actual investment.

Cooled air

Hot air

f you cannot decide between a conventional air handling units (AHUs) system and an optimised life-cycle costs system, go for AHUs with an efficient adiabatic cooling system, such as one being provided by Zamil Air Conditioners.

Adiabatic cooling is a simple ancient method of cooling which has been used indirectly by human beings. It is simply illustrated by the chilling effect we feel by blowing air on our wet skin, the cold effect is caused by the water evaporation process.

This simple and efficient way of cooling has been used by our grandparents by hanging water bottles of clay in front of an open

Adiabatic cooling by atomising water 28

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

The efficiency of the adiabatic cooler using water in the liquid state can be increased by maximising the water-droplet evaporation.

With the current dramatic focus on energy-saving and energy-recovering systems, only those products designed with impressive technology and optimised engineering contribute significantly in the reduction of annual energy costs without compromising function and quality.

The adiabatic cooling process is done by spraying water in a specially designed section where the air stream comes in contact with fine water particles that quickly evaporate and cool down the air temperature by as much as 10-20 oC lower than the incoming outside air.

Lower air-in temperature results in lowering the coil entering conditions or the energy recovery system entering conditions. This means savings of by as much as 10-30% of power consumption by using water only and without adding any external energy.

The efficiency of the adiabatic cooler using water in the liquid state can be increased by maximising the water-droplet evaporation.

Evaporation cannot take place when the air is saturated or when the water-droplet temperature is less than the air dew point. This happens only when the air increases

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The best adiabatic cooling is achieved when the ambient temperature is at a maximum and the relative humidity is at a minimum

the temperature of water particles.

For best utilisation and effectiveness, Zamil AHUs maximise evaporation by using a system that atomises the water droplets and improves the statistic distribution of the fine water particles. This system also optimises the duration of contract between the water spray and air, has excellent angle of cone

opening of atomised water produced by the nozzles and has no obstacles in front of the water spray that might reduce its efficiency.

Unlike their traditional counterparts, the Zamil adiabatic coolers in AHUs not only save energy but also reduce the system’s water consumption considerably.

Water will pulverise into very fine droplets of 10-20

microns. The flow of the water is strictly proportional to the speed of the pump that permits an excellent control of the flow-rate by simply varying the speed of the pump motor, which is generally managed by a control system.

The adiabatic cooling system in Zamil AHUs consists of special pump assembly, special spray nozzles assembly, special drip eliminator/SS drain pan and electrical and control system.

Its sequence of operation is as follows:

1. Temperature and/or humidity sensors measure the relative humidity (RH) or an external signal from BMS received 2. The controller calculates the water flow, which has to be atomised, and calculates how many nozzles have to work. It then calculates the speed of the pump 3. The nozzles atomise the water in billions of small droplets The droplets are carried by the airflow, so that they fly in the air stream.

There must be an excellent angle of the cone opening for atomised water produced by the nozzles

Having no obstacles in front of the water spray increases efficiency

During the trip they quickly evaporate water until they reach the drop separator.

The droplets that are not completely evaporated are caught by the drop separator and drained out.

This system has a number of advantages, including low power and water consumption and low operating costs; high cooling and humidification capacity; 30

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

hygienically safe; cost-saving; excellent cooling results and noiseless.

This can be used for both adiabatic cooling and humidification in the following spaces: office buildings, printing industry or warehouses, textile industry or warehouses, clean rooms (electronics), theatres and museums, industrial applications and hospitals.

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perspective

Blending with

the mood Though there are a couple of caveats to be considered, HFC blends are emerging as potential alternatives to HCFC22 for air conditioning systems, says Dr M Ramaswamy‌

H

ydrochlorofluorocarbon22(HCFC 22) known as R22 is a refrigerant commonly used in commercial, industrial and air conditioning systems. With effect from this year, manufacturers will not be allowed to use R22 as a refrigerant in refrigeration and air conditioning equipment as per the international protocol. This is an important milestone in the phase-out of R22. The air conditioning system manufacturers will only be able to use pre-existing supplies of R22 to produce new air conditioners and heat pumps. These would include R22 recovered from existing and recycled equipment.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently announced the final rules regarding R22 equipment installation and servicing, as well as production allowances of HCFC refrigerants. The EPA has reviewed several alternatives to R22. But there is no exact replacement to it, though researchers throughout the world are working to find suitable alternatives. One impediment is that every substitute refrigerant requires some change in the system design.

As far as the earlier CFC phase-out was concerned (mainly R12, used in refrigerators, automobile 32

air conditioners, centrifugal chillers etc) and R502, substitute refrigerants with thermo-physical properties very similar to those of the original working media, were available. One could, therefore, replace the existing working media with something else, without significantly losing capacity or efficiency. However, phasing out refrigerant R22 in the existing machinery, has proven to be more complicated than phasing out CFCs like R12.

Usually, Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP) are the two issues to be considered while selecting a suitable alternative refrigerant, in addition to other thermo-dynamic and thermo-physical properties.

The former is as per the Montreal Protocol and the latter is as per the Kyoto Protocol.

The ideal substitute for the original refrigerant should be non-toxic, non-flammable, chemically stable, compatible with the refrigeration system materials and lubricants and have transport and thermodynamic properties similar to or better than the original refrigerant. In addition, the ideal substitute should have zero Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) and

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

It is apparent that there are a limited number of pure fluids that can function as substitutes for CFCs and HCFCs. Mixing of refrigerants allow adjustments or tuning of the most desirable properties to provide suitable alternatives.

low Global Warming Potential (GWP). But unfortunately, so far, there is no such single substance, which possesses all these properties.

ALTERNATIVES At present, the alternative refrigerants generally fall into three broad groups. They are: HCFC and HCFC blends; HFC and HFC blends and Natural refrigerants. Most of the HCFC blends have been developed to provide a low-cost retro-fill and are particularly useful in DX CFC systems. Besides, in any case, HCFCs are to be phased out, and hence, this group does not merit much attention.

Natural refrigerants like ammonia and hydrocarbons have excellent thermodynamic properties, but flammability and compatibility with materials used for refrigeration system design limit their applications to only certain types of systems. However, this group is being supported by researchers, especially from the European Union due to its low GWP effect.

The European Union’s F-Gas Regulation No 842/2006 became law on July 4, 2006.

F-gases include all HFC refrigerants, such as, R134a, and blends containing FGases such as R407C, R410A and R404A.

Handling, recovering, supplying, installing, manufacturing or owning equipment containing HFC refrigerants in stationary equipment in any country in Europe have legal obligations under the F-Gas Regulations. Recently, an environmental pressure group has attacked British supermarkets for failing to phase out the use of hydro fluorocarbon (HFC) gases in refrigeration systems. Supermarkets in the UK are seriously planning to make their stores HFC-free in the coming years.

REFRIGERANT MIXTURES

Non-azeotropes Non-azeotropes change their composition continuously during phase change.

These mixtures do not possess a sharp boiling point, but boil over a range of temperatures. This feature is intimately tied to the improvement of a system’s efficiency, if appropriate hardware changes are made to the system heat exchangers.

The change of temperature with phase change is called Temperature Glide. When heat transfer fluids exchange heat with Non-azeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures (NARMs) in a constant current flow mode, the thermodynamic irreversibility can

be reduced by matching the temperature glide (NARM side) against the temperature drop (Heat Transfer Fluid side), resulting in an increase in the coefficient of performance.

Non-azeotropic blends of refrigerants are seriously being considered as replacements for environmentally damaging pure refrigerants.

Generally, the following criteria are used to select a mixture as refrigerant:

(i) Volumetric capacity Unless major changes in the compressor are made, the volumetric capacity of the mixture should be close to that of R22

ATS. 0 9 _ E C O L I N E _ S I . A E //

It is apparent that there are a limited number of pure fluids that can function as substitutes for CFCs and HCFCs. Mixing of refrigerants allow adjustments or tuning of the most desirable properties to provide suitable alternatives. In the process, however, the other properties are also altered. The ultimate objective is, of course, to develop a mixture and obtain the perfect fluid with all the desirable properties within the operating range.

Mixtures provide a flexibility of modulating the capacity by varying the composition of the constituents.

Refrigerant mixtures are solutions, that is, they have constituents which are equally dispersed and cannot be mechanically separated.

There are three categories of mixtures.

Azeotropes This class of refrigerant mixture behaves as if it were a single component during its phase change.

It needs to be borne in mind that in the phase change, the proportion of each constituent in the new phase is the same as in the original phase.

This property is of great use when the refrigerant mixture leaks and it has to be recharged.

Near-azeotropes Azeotropes rigorously exist at only one composition for a given temperature and pressure. However, for all practical purposes, minor deviations are acceptable for many refrigerant systems. The term, “Nearazeotropic Mixture” (NEARM) is used for this broader range. The advantage of utilising this category is that many more possible alternatives become available.

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CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

33

perspective in a single evaporator system, especially for the drop-in tests. For a given mixture, this requirement suggests that at least one of the components of the mixture should be more volatile than R22. This means that the normal boiling point of the component should be less volatile.

(ii) Gliding temperature difference.

Theoretical and experimental research has shown that the increase in the COP with non-azeotropic mixtures largely comes from correctly matching the temperature glides of the refrigerant and heat exchanging fluid stream.

HFC BLENDS We will now analyse the HFC blends group, as a majority of air conditioning manufactures in the United States prefer these refrigerants. HFC blends have zero OD, but still have noticeable GWP. Around 1990, global warming resulting from the release of man-made gases became a major environmental issue. The largest contributor to this is carbon dioxide from burning of fossil fuels.

Although the GWP ratings are slightly higher for HFC-based refrigerants, compared to R22, they do not provide an accurate representation for air conditioning systems that have both direct and indirect effects on global warming.

The direct effect, which GWP measures, comes from refrigerant release into the atmosphere through leaks. The indirect effect is a function of energy consumption necessary to produce cooling.

Air conditioning systems using electricity indirectly influence global warming through the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from combustion 34

of fossil fuels at the electric generating station.

Researchers, therefore, have developed an index called the Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) that considers both the direct and indirect global warming effects of a refrigerant. However, since HFCs have high GWP (although lower than those of CFCs), every effort must be made to prevent the leakage of these refrigerants while considering them as alternative refrigerants.

Zero flammability and zero toxicity are the two favourable properties which make HFC-based refrigerants a popular alternative in both existing and new systems There are many HFC blends available in the market. However, we will restrict our discussion with R410A in detail and R 407C in brief because, these two HFC blends are emerging as potential alternatives to R22.

R410A is emerging as a substitute for new systems while R407C is emerging as a potential retrofitting refrigerant. From the thermodynamic analysis of the properties of these refrigerants, it is observed that the volumetric cooling capacity and a vapour

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

pressure curves are close to that of R22. In theory, while reviewing various literatures, many have argued that these refrigerants would be a suitable substitute for R22.

R410A: R410A is a blend of HFC-32 and HFC-125 (50/50 wt %). It is an azeotropic refrigerant.

It performs very much like a single component refrigerant.

The physical and chemical properties of R410A are very similar to those for R22, as well as most of today’s HFC refrigerants.

In 1996, the EPA formally recognised R410A as a substitute for R22. Leading chemical companies have made a strong effort to sell R410A to air conditioning manufacturers as a long-

term replacement for R22. Following are some of the positive points for considering R410A as an alternative to R22, especially for new air conditioning systems.

Higher capacity equipment Equipment designed for R410A has demonstrated up to 40% greater capacity when compared to current HCFC-22 equipment. It allows for smaller equipment sizes. Majority of the customers prefer smaller size equipment.

Easy servicing As it is an azeotropic mixture, it behaves almost like a pure refrigerant, and therefore, it can be repeatedly topped off.

S. No Name of Properties with Unit

Value

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

72.6 -62.9 -247 163 720 64.64 0.42 0.21 None A1 0.00 271.5

9 10 11 12 Table 1

Molecular weight Boiling point (at 1.0 atm.), °F Freezing point (at 1.0 atm.), °F Critical temperature, °F Critical pressure, psia Saturated liquid density (at 86°F), lb/ft3 Specific heat of liquid (at 86°F), Btu/lb-°F Specific heat of vapour at constant pressure Cp (at 86°F and 1.0 atm.), Btu/lb-°F Flammable range (% volume in air) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-1992 Safety Group Classification Ozone depletion potential (ODP) Latent Heat of Vaporisation at atmospheric pressure (kj/kg)

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perspective Safe and easy to use R410A has an A1 ASHRAE safety classification, which means, it has lower toxicity and no flame propagation.

Higher efficiency R410A systems exhibit about 10% increase in the Coefficient of Performance.

Some of the R410 properties are given in Table 1: Figure 1 shows the comparison of pressures of R22 and R410A in a simple refrigeration system.

R410A operates at a significantly higher pressure than R22. This may seem to be a negative characteristic of this refrigerant. But this negative point has forced designers to come up with more robust designs and superior control and protection techniques.

Because of the higher pressure for R410A, most system components have been designed with increased wall thickness. Thanks, therefore, to the robust design, the system reliability has improved. R410A pressure drop is also less than R22.

A LEED pre-requisite is that HVAC equipment must not use a CFC refrigerant.

R410A is one of the green refrigerants and can earn extra LEED point. But it has to be borne in mind that R410A cannot be used as retrofitting refrigerant applications because of the higher pressures associated with it.

SERVICING AND SAFETY Most R410A systems use a Polyolester lubricant (POE).

It is to be noted that POE lubricants readily absorb moisture, and therefore, minimise exposure of lubricant or internal parts of the system to the atmosphere.

Proper care should be taken while handling lubricants of this refrigerant. Following are a few tips to handle the POE lubricant: Do not store POE oils in plastic containers. Use glass 36

or metal containers instead.

POE oils can cause skin irritation. Gloves need to be used and care should be taken when handling the lubricant.

Wash any exposed skin area with soap and water to remove the lubricant.

Electronic leak detectors can be used for detecting any leak. But the detector must be capable of detecting a HFC refrigerant. It is to be noted that older leak detectors designed for R22 may not be sensitive enough to detect R410A. Use of halide torches should be avoided as they cannot effectively detect R410A refrigerant leak from the system. Also, using soap solution is not advisable as small leaks may not be detected with it. But UV-sensitive dyes can be used effectively.

Service technicians who work on R410A systems should use approved service tools to handle the high pressures of the system. These include gauges. Manifold gauge sets require an 800 psig high-side with a 250 psig lowside and all hoses should be rated for 800 psig. Recovery cylinders require a 400 psig service pressure rating and use cylinders approved for R410A.

R407C R407C has a potential use in retrofit applications, after the necessary system changes have been made. It is a blend of R32, R125 and R134a (23%/25%/52%). It is a zeotropic compound. It has been formulated to closely match the properties of R22. Table 2 shows a few of the essential properties of R407C. It is one of the green refrigerants and can earn extra LEED point. (See Table 2) R407C has a large temperature glide, which makes it incompatible with some heat exchangers, especially with flooded heat exchangers. Therefore, this refrigerant should not be used in centrifugal chillers.

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

S. No Properties with Unit

Value

1 2 3 4 5

86.2 -43.6 86.1 & 4.62 11.65 249.9

6 Table 2

Molecular weight ( kg/kmol) Normal Boiling point (C) Critical Temperature (C) & Pressure (MPa) Bubble Pressure at 25 C 9 (bar) Latent Heat of Vapourisation at atmospheric pressure (kj/kg) Liquid density at 25 C ( kg/dm3)

This should be used in plant with counter-flow plate heat exchangers.

R407C’s ODP is zero and GWP is 1526. It has A1 safety classification. Its thermodynamic properties make it suitable as a refrigerant for medium and high temperature applications in residential and commercial air conditioning.

We can use R407C in R22equipment without losing either capacity or efficiency significantly.

As R407C has similar properties to R22, it will be possible – with few modifications – to use it in the same equipment designed for use with R22 While retrofitting the R22 system with R407C, one can observe the following: • Higher head pressure • Lower compressor superheat • Lower refrigerant temperature difference across the condenser • There may be frosting at the evaporator inlet Following points are to be considered while dealing with R407C, especially during serving air conditioning equipment: • Oil must be compatible with all equipment used with R407C • R407C has to be charged in the liquid state. This implies that some sort of chilling device (usually ice) would be required in case the unit needs to be re-charged at the site.

• The condensing pressure of R407C is about 10% higher.

Gauge manifolds for service must be suitable for the higher pressure.

• All other precautions as

4.56

explained for R410A are also to be considered.

CONCLUSION When the Montreal Protocol has phased out CFCs in the developed countries and has a regulatory regime for the phase-out of HCFCs, it is still is a major problem in developed and developing countries. The global market will continue to develop and introduce new refrigerant chemicals. When replacing CFCs like R12 in existing machines was an issue, a substitute was found (R134a) with thermophysical properties so close to R12s that a unit subject to a refrigerant retrofit to it presented essentially the same performance and behaviour as before the retrofit. But when it comes to replacing R22 in the existing machinery, things become complicated due to the fact that none of the commercially available substitutes have thermo-physical properties very similar to that of R22.

Thus, using any of them in existing facilities will, in many cases, imply not only changes in capacity and efficiency, but also new types of behaviour, either not experienced with R22 or previously not considered significant. Therefore, proper care and professional approach should be adopted while selecting alternative refrigerants to R22, both in new systems as well as in the existing systems.

The writer is Technical Expert, Royal Estates Office of His Excellency, Head Of Royal Estates Affairs, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

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Chilling prospects!

Where there was once desert, there will now be what Saudi Arabia calls Economic Cities. With many built from scratch, these cities will fuel a massive demand for air conditioning products. David Garwood explains.

I

t might be going through a credit crisis like the rest of the world, but the construction industry in Saudi Arabia is still relatively buoyant. Despite recession, Saudi Arabia remains a very promising market for air conditioning products, due to its hot climate, high per capita income and rapid population growth.

Although there are some regional differences, air conditioning products are considered a necessity and are installed in almost all buildings throughout the country. The central region (around Riyadh) has the largest sales, accounting for around 35%, followed by the western region (around Jeddah), which accounts for about 25%. A further 15% of sales are in the east of the country (around Dammam), with the other 25% shared between all other regions.

The high sales of medium and large screw chillers is strongly led by the purchasing power of government-funded projects particularly, as private projects have dwindled during the downturn.

The government will be able to sustain a significant investment in construction projects for two years. That said, if the economic crisis 38

continues, and oil prices remain at the current level, it is likely that government spending will sharply diminish. However, if by the end of 2011, the markets stabilise and oil prices recover, the central plant markets could return to very large growth rates, boosted by private investments in both commercial and residential sectors.

So, what exactly is selling in Saudi Arabia? To answer the question briefly, it is air handling units, chillers, packaged air-conditioning

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

Saudi Arabia has applied strict regulations covering ventilation equipment.

For this reason, the air handling market will get a major boost over the next decade.

and refrigerants. The following elucidation will give a fair idea of the market situation for air conditioning products.

AIR HANDLING UNITS The overview of the estimated central plant air conditioning market for 2009 by product type: The last few years have seen the larger construction projects playing a major role in the development of the air handling market.

To create the futuristic economic cities, large university sites, modern hospitals and shopping centres, Saudi Arabia has applied strict regulations covering ventilation equipment. For this reason, the air handling market will get a major boost over the next decade. To cope with the very large air volumes required in most new buildings, predominantly medium to large and large units are used.

It is estimated that the penetration of heat recovery AHU models in 2008 was around 15% of the total AHU market by value. The main driver for these products is local legislation. For example, in Madinah, the authority demands that the exhaust air must pass through a heat-

country focus recovery device.

More recently architects and main contractors are encouraged to specify fan-coils for many new applications which will boost this market further.

The growth of the fan-coil market will closely mirror that of the chiller market (especially the market for screw chillers). However, due to increasing cooling capacities in mid-range applications, the fan-coil market will probably grow slightly above the average growth of the chiller market.

According to BSRIA, the growth of the fan-coil market will closely mirror that of the chiller market (especially the market for screw chillers).

CHILLERS Overview of the estimated packaged air conditioning market for 2009 by product type: Large construction projects require medium to large chillers. Screws are the most important segment of the chiller market, representing more than a half of its value.

Centrifugal chillers usually

start at 1,750 kW, and are set to enjoy the highest longterm growth among all chiller types. BSRIA estimates that their share by value will reach 40% of the chiller market within three to four years.

While reciprocating chillers are still in use, their share is diminishing. Scroll chillers are mostly promoted by Carrier. Due to their very high price, absorption chillers are not popular in Saudi Arabia.

These products cost around three times more than any equivalent substitute.

Interestingly, although Saudi Arabia’s district cooling projects have slowed, there are many new projects that are planning to use these systems. King Saud University in Riyadh, Girls University in Riyadh, King Abdullah Economic City and many others will fuel the demand for district cooling in the next several years. Large (7 MW) centrifugal chillers tend to be used to serve the district cooling systems.

PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONING Over the last few years, sales of single-splits in Saudi Arabia have enjoyed high growth in all product categories and capacities. However, the lack of privatelyfunded investments in the residential sector almost halted this growth, which is highly dependent on the construction of new homes.

It is expected that the market for multi-splits will grow at a high pace, albeit from a very low base. Once the market reaches a few thousand units, the growth rate will start to follow the growth of the chiller market.

Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air-conditioning systems are beginning to make their mark in the whole Middle East region. The market for these products is set to grow at the highest rate among all air conditioning products in the country. Until 2008, only Daikin was in this market, but 40

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

now, LG has introduced VRF products. Other competitors are likely to follow suit.

As the boom in the telecoms sector ceased a few years ago, and private investment dropped significantly in the second half of 2008, The close controls market growth will be moderate over the next few years. The market is divided between smaller units dedicated to small telecom shelters and larger units used for computer rooms.

VRF units are almost always used in the commercial sector (notably hotels and office blocks), although some small percentage of sales end up in the residential market, where affluent owners insist on having high-tech products.

REFRIGERANTS Although the Saudi Arabian government ratified the Montreal Protocol, the HCFC phase-out target has not been fixed. SASO, the Saudi Arabian Standard Organisation, will drive the HCFC phase-out. However, due to the inability of local players to make the switch promptly, legislation has been put on hold.

All packaged products (apart from VRFs which are all R410A) sold in Saudi Arabia are fitted with the HCFC R22 refrigerant. Conversely, R134A is predominant in chillers.

Global production is shifting away from R22 towards R410A, and this refrigerant will soon dominate the sector.

Ducted splits will start changing to R410A within the next three to four years because the local market will become increasingly dependant upon imports.

When the switch eventually happens, the industry will go straight to R410A refrigerants, bypassing R407C. The writer is a market researcher at BSRIA. This article is based on research carried out by Dusan Antonijevic for BSRIA.

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tenders & projects Project Number Project Name Territory Client

Description Budget $ Period Remarks

Main Architect Tender Categories Project Number SPR1418-U Project Name Capital City Development Project -

Khalifa City

Territory Abu Dhabi Client Name: Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council

Description

Budget $ Period Remarks

Project Manager Planning Consultant Tender Categories

42

City: Abu Dhabi Postal/Zip Code: 62221 Country: United Arab Emirates Phone: (+971-2) 409 6000 Fax: (+971-2) 443 2903 E-mail: info@upc.gov.ae Website: http://www.upc.gov.ae Development of a new Capital City, comprising headquarters of all Federal authorities, ministries, local government offices and embassies, including residential units, offices and exhibition centres.

40,000,000,000 15/12/2030 This project will be developed close to Khalifa City, between Abu Dhabi International Airport and Mohammed bin Zayed City. Covering an area of 49 million square metres, it will consist of government and office buildings, residential tower blocks and low-density neighbourhoods for Abu Dhabi nationals. When completed, the development will be home to 370,000 residents and serve as a new downtown area for the city of Abu Dhabi. The client will build a national seat of government for UAE, the Federal Precinct, at the centre of this development, which will have seven major arterial roads or boulevards symbolising the seven emirates, leading into the Federal Precinct. The client will line these boulevards with public monuments, parks and other buildings. The local office of US’ KEO International Consultants is providing planning and programme management services. This involves reviewing master plans and designs submitted by individual building developers.

The client has invited consultants to submit bids by the end of March 2010 for a contract to provide design and construction supervision services for the infrastructure on this development. Prospective bidders include UK’s Atkins, Halcrow, Mott MacDonald as well as US’ Parsons International. The infrastructure includes metro lines, highways and local roads. The other infrastructure work covers wastewater network, district cooling systems and gas lines.

AECOM (Abu Dhabi) KEO International Consultants (Abu Dhabi) Housing Projects Prestige Buildings

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

SPR2402-B Energy Tower Project Bahrain Name: Bahrain National Oil & Gas Authority (NOGA) City: Manama Postal/Zip Code: 1435 Country: Bahrain Phone: (+973) 1731 2644 Fax: (+973) 1729 3007 E-mail : info@noga.gov.bh Website: http://www.noga.gov.bh Design and construction of 50-storey Energy Tower, which will use solar technology to generate power.

3,780,000,000 20/12/2013 This tower will form the headquarters for Bahrain National Oil & Gas Authority (NOGA). Germany’s Gerber Architekten is handling the design work on this development. Contract with a developer will be signed by the end of 2009.

The project is still in design stage. Construction work is expected to commence by September 2010.

Gerber Architekten GmbH (Germany) Prestige Buildings

Project Number SPR2606-U Project Name United Square mixed-use development

project

Territory Abu Dhabi Client Name: International Capital Trading (Abu Dhabi)

Description

Budget $ Period Remarks

Tender Categories Project Number Project Name Territory Client

Description

Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

City: Abu Dhabi Postal/Zip Code: 6481 Country: United Arab Emirates Phone: (+971-2) 666 5400 Fax: (+971-2) 666 3400 Development of United Square mixed-use scheme, comprising three towers ranging from 22-30 storeys, including associated facilities.

2,000,000,000 15/12/2013 This project will be located at Khalidiya area in Abu Dhabi. Client is planning to issue tender documents in June 2010 for the main contract. Submission of bids is expected in September 2010, with an award anticipated

by December 2010.

Prestige Buildings SPR2558-Q Al Quds Endowment Tower Project Qatar Name: Private Engineering Office (Qatar) City: Doha Postal/Zip Code: 23723 Country: Qatar Phone: (+974) 443 4857 Fax: (+974) 443 6291 Design and construction of 500-metre-high Al Quds Endowment Tower comprising five basements, a ground floor and (100) upper storeys.

660,000,000 December 14, 2009 15/09/2013 This tower will be located at West Bay in Doha. A tender for the main construction package is expected to be issued in July 2010. Local Ammico Contracting is carrying out enabling works, which is expected to be completed in February 2010. Local Arab Engineering Bureau and UK-based Hyder Consulting are acting as the consultants.

Arab Engineering Bureau (Qatar) Hyder Consulting Middle East (Qatar) Ammico Contracting Company (Qatar)

Main Consultant Main Consultant-1 Foundations, Enabling & Piling Contractor Tender Categories Prestige Buildings

middleeasttenders.com / +971 2 634 8495

Project Number MPP2041-U Project Name Lighthouse Tower Project - Dubai

International Financial Centre

Territory Dubai Client Name: Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)

Description Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

Address: Level 49, Emirates Towers City: Dubai Postal/Zip Code: 74777 Country: United Arab Emirates Phone: (+971-4) 330 0100 Fax: (+971-4) 330 0311 E-mail: info@difc.ae Website: http://www.difc.ae Construction of 66-storey, 320-metre-high Lighthouse Tower comprising offices.

272,000,000 May 1, 2007 20/04/2012 This low carbon emission tower will be built at Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC). It will be designed to reduce energy consumption by up to 65% and water consumption by up to 40%. This will be achieved by using passive solar architecture such as awnings, a series of low energy and low water use solutions and recovery strategies for the energy and water used. The building will also have integrated renewable energy sources, including wind turbines and 4,000 solar panels. UK’s Atkins is working on the concept design for this scheme.

The client has invited contractors to submit bids for the main contract. Pre-qualifiers include local Nasa

Multiplex, Al-Naboodah Laing O’Rourke, Arabian Construction Company, Dutco Balfour Beatty and Arabtec Construction.

It is understood that evaluation of bids is still underway for the main contract. An award is expected by June 2010.

Design Consultant Atkins International (Dubai) Project Manager Hill International (Dubai) Foundations, Zetas Foundation Technology (Dubai) Enabling & Piling Contractor Tender Categories Prestige Buildings

SPR615-K Silk City Development Project Kuwait Name: Ministry of Public Works (Kuwait) Address: Ministry of Public Works Bldg., 3rd Floor, 6th Ring Road City: Safat 13001 Postal/Zip Code: 8 Country: Kuwait Phone: (+965) 2538 5520 / 2538 5530 Fax: (+965) 2538 5219 / 2538 5234 E-mail: hmansour@mpa.gov.kw Description Development of Silk City (Madinat Hareer), comprising a large complex made up of various zones, including cultural, film, media, industrial, business, sports, leisure, environment and health cities, including a national wildlife convention centre, exhibition centres, parks and housing for (700,000) people.

Project Number Project Name Territory Client

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April 2010

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

43

tenders

tenders & projects 75,500,000,000 April 15, 2006 2030 This project will be developed in Subiya peninsula across the Bay of Kuwait. It will cover an area of 250 square kilometres. At the centre of this city will be a 200-storeyplus, 1,001-metre-high tower, known as Mubarak AlKabir, which will be the world’s tallest tower. Local OHA Engineering Consultants has been appointed as lead consultant on this scheme.

The scheme is still pending government approval.

Main Consultant OHA Engineering Consultants (Kuwait) Main Architect Eric R Kuhne & Associates (UK) Specialist SQ.FT Consulting (Dubai) Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

Consultant-1 Financial Consultant Legal Consultant Environmental Consultant Tender Categories

Project Number Project Name Territory Client

Description

Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

Main Consultant Main Architect Project Manager Tender Categories

MPP2093-SA Kingdom City Development Project Saudi Arabia Name: Kingdom Holding Company (Saudi Arabia) Address: 66th Floor, Kingdom Centre City: Riyadh 11321 Postal/Zip Code: 1 Country: Saudi Arabia Phone: (+966-1) 211 1111 Fax: (+966-1) 211 1112 E-mail: info@kingdom.net Website: http://www.kingdom.net Development of Kingdom City comprising a 1,000-metre-high skyscraper, residential and commercial buildings, hotels, including leisure facilities.

6,700,000,000 June 10, 2007 15/09/2017 This project will cover an area of 5.3 million square metres by the Red Sea in northern Jeddah. The residential area will cover 1.5 million square metres of land, the commercial area will cover 470,000 square metres of land, the education vicinity will cover 150,000 square metres and offices area will cover 800,000 square metres of land, while 2.38 million square metres of land will be for leisure and tourism facilities, and hotels. The scheme will stretch from Red Sea coast of north Jeddah to Sharm Obhur.

HOK Canada Pickard Chilton Architects (USA) Bechtel (Saudi Arabia) Prestige Buildings Hotels Housing Projects Leisure

Central Market)

44

Territory Client

Prestige Buildings Leisure

Territory Bahrain Client Name: Ministry of Municipalities & Agriculture Affairs

Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

Project Number SPR2080-SA Project Name Terminal Construction Project - Prince

KPMG (Kuwait) Shearman & Sterling (Abu Dhabi) Atkins & Partners Overseas (Kuwait)

Project Number SPR1131-B Project Name Capital Trade Centre Project (Manama

Description

has been appointed as the developer on this scheme.

Tashgeel will work on a five-phase plan. Work will take 18 months to complete. Construction is expected to commence by the end of 2011.

Tender Categories Hotels Prestige Buildings

(Bahrain) City: Manama Postal/Zip Code: 53 Country: Bahrain Phone: (+973) 1750 1555 Fax: (+973) 1722 4129 Design and construction of (4 Nos.) 28-storey office and shopping towers, with a new central market planned to take up the basement and ground floors.

2,600,000,000 February 8, 2008 20/12/2015 This project will be located in Manama. Floors one to six will include car parking and a massive shopping mall, while the remaining 20 floors in each tower will house offices. Scope of work will also include a heritage village, five-star hotel, towers, commercial complex, fish market, meat market, vegetables market and green areas Local Tashgeel for Commercial Buildings Management

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

Description Budget $ Post Date Closing Date Period Remarks

Design Consultant Financial Consultant Design Consultant-1 Tender Categories

Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Airport Expansion Saudi Arabia Name: General Authority of Civil Aviation - GACA (Saudi Arabia) Address: Bin Malek Street, Old Airport City: Jeddah 21421 Postal/Zip Code: 887 Country: Saudi Arabia Phone: (+966-2) 640 5000 Fax: (+966-2) 640 1477 E-mail: feedback@pca.gov.sa Website: http://www.gaca.gov.sa Design and construction of a new terminal building at Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Airport.

350,000,000 June 10, 2006 September 25, 2010 15/12/2014 This project is at Medina in Saudi Arabia and will cover an area of 256,000 square metres. On completion, the airport will eventually handle about 14 million passengers.

Deadline for submission of pre-qualification applications for the BOT contract has been further extended to May 03, 2010.

Dorsch Consult GmbH (Germany) International Finance Corporation - IFC (USA) Zuhair Fayez Partnership Consultants (Saudi Arabia) Airport Housing Projects Public Works, Roads & Earthworks

Project Number SPR2189-SA Project Name New Main Terminal Package - King Territory Client

Description

Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

Abdulaziz International Airport Expansion (Phase 1) Saudi Arabia Name: General Authority of Civil Aviation - GACA (Saudi Arabia) Address: Bin Malek Street, Old Airport City: Jeddah 21421 Postal/Zip Code: 887 Country: Saudi Arabia Phone: (+966-2) 640 5000 Fax: (+966-2) 640 1477 E-mail: feedback@pca.gov.sa Website: http://www.gaca.gov.sa Design and construction of a new main passenger terminal with capacity of 30 million passengers per year at an international airport.

4,500,000,000 November 30, 2007 2014 This new terminal will be built at King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah and cover an area of 600,000 square metres. Scope of work involves: - 42 departure gates connected to 72 gangways - Aircraft hangars - A new control tower - A railway station zone - A maintenance facilities area - Road networks - An aircraft corridor - An aircraft loading area with capacity of 3 million tonnes a year - A car park to accommodate 25,000 vehicles.

A study is currently being conducted for deciding the site of this project.

Bidding has commenced on a preliminary earthworks contract. Bidders include local companies Saudi Binladin Group, Almabani General Contractors, Al-Harbi Trading & Contracting and Al-Muhaidib Contracting Company.

Contractors from China and South Korea also submitted bids.

Local Saudi Binladin Group is understood to be the lowest bidder. Evaluation of bids is currently underway.

Main Consultant Aeroports de Paris - AdP (France) Project Manager Dar Al Handasah (Shair & Partners) - Saudi Arabia Tender Categories Airport Housing Projects Project Number MPP2335-E Project Name Terminal 2 Renovation Project - Cairo Territory Client

Description Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

Tender Categories

Project Number Project Name Territory Client

International Airport Egypt Name: Cairo Airport Company (Egypt) Address: Airport Road, Heliopolis City: Cairo Country: Egypt Phone: (+20-2) 291 4255 Fax: (+20-2) 243 2522 Carrying out renovation of Terminal 2 at Cairo International Airport.

400,000,000 January 21, 2010 2013 World Bank has approved a $280 million loan to help finance this scheme. Client is currently pre-qualifying firms for construction contracts. An award is expected in the third quarter of 2010.

Airport Housing Projects MPP1616-SA Hail Airport Redevelopment Project Saudi Arabia Name: General Authority of Civil Aviation - GACA (Saudi Arabia) Address: Bin Malek Street, Old Airport City: Jeddah 21421

Description

Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

Design Consultant Tender Categories

Postal/Zip Code: 887 Country: Saudi Arabia Phone: (+966-2) 640 5000 Fax: (+966-2) 640 1477 E-mail: feedback@pca.gov.sa Website: http://www.gaca.gov.sa Carrying out expansion of Hail Airport to raise capacity at the site to around 1.5 million passengers a year from less than one million at present and 150,000 tonnes of air cargo terminal.

15,000,000 August 19, 2008 2013 This project is in Saudi Arabia. The client is currently reviewing designs for expansion. Work will commence next year. A further expansion of 2.5-million passenger capacity will also be considered thereafter.

Lebanon’s Arabian Construction Company has been appointed as design consultant on this scheme.

Arabian Construction Company (Lebanon) Airport Housing Projects

PTB-TA-10-109-K Hotel Construction Project Kuwait Name: Partnerships Technical Bureau (Kuwait) Address: Touristic Enterprises Co. Bldg, 2nd Floor, AlJahra Street City: Shuwaikh Country: Kuwait Phone: (+965) 2496 5972 Fax: (+965) 249 5522 E-mail: fahmad@mof.gov.kw Description Design, construction, finance, operation and maintenance of a landside five-star hotel.

Closing Date April 21, 2010 Remarks Expressions of Interest (EoI)

Project Number Project Name Territory Client

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April 2010

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

45

tenders

tenders & projects

tenders & projects

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Tender No. PTB-TA-10-109 This project is in Kuwait. Tender documents can be obtained from: Partnerships Technical Bureau Safat, Kuwait.

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Tender Categories Hotels Housing Projects Project Number Project Name Territory Client

Description

Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

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MPP1811-B Dilmunia Island Development Project Bahrain Name: Ithmaar Development Company - IDC (Bahrain) City: Manama Country: Bahrain Phone: (+973) 1758 4601 Fax: (+973) 1758 4017 Development of Dilmunia Island scheme involving construction of a health resort and specialist hospitals, including a diagnostic centre, alternative medicine centres, nutrition and diabetes centre, an aesthetic surgery centre, a sports medicine centre and women and children’s centre as well as deluxe spas, boutique hotels and luxury residences.

1,600,000,000 September 30, 2006 20/12/2014 This project is in Bahrain and will cover a total built-up area of two million square metres. The island will be divided into clusters, each focusing on different aspects of healthcare. Among the main features will be a 358-bed Wellness hospital catering to medical aesthetics, nutrition, diagnostics, alternative medicines and sports medicines. In addition, a 216bed children and women’s hospital will cater to a range of maternal and paediatric care.

Client has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Dusit International to operate the hotel in this development. Construction work is expected to commence in 2011.

Infrastructure works are expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2013.

Mott MacDonald (Bahrain) DP Architects (Singapore) Mott MacDonald (Bahrain) DP Architects (Singapore)

Main Consultant Main Architect Design Consultant Master Plan Consultant Tender Categories Hotels

Marine Engg. Works & Seaports Leisure Housing Projects Medical

Project Number Project Name Territory Client

www.victaulic.com P.O. Box 17683 Jebel Ali Free Zone Dubai (United Arab Emirates) tel. +971 48 838 870 fax +971 48 838 860

Description

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CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

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Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

SPR2380-B Nurana Mixed-use Development Project Bahrain Name: Manara Developments (Bahrain) Address: BWTC, 23rd Floor, East Tower City: Manama Postal/Zip Cod : 2194 Country: Bahrain Phone: (+973) 1751 8666 Fax: (+973) 1713 1074 E-mail: info@manaradevelopments.com Website: http://www.manaradevelopments.com Development of Nurana mixed-use scheme comprising residential units, retail spaces, hospitality and civic amenity land uses, including reclamation of a 170,000 square metre waterfront area.

1,000,000,000 October 23, 2008 2014 This project will be located to the northwest of Bahrain and cover an area of approximately 2,000,000 square metres. The scheme is being implemented by local NS Holdings Company. Scope of work also includes reclamation of 170,000 square metres in Muharraq waterfront area. Concept designs have been completed.

Dredging and reclamation work is ongoing. Bahrain-based Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Company has been awarded a $4 million contract to carry out reclamation works

tenders

tenders & projects Main Consultant Project Manager Specialist Contractor(1) Tender Categories

Project Number Project Name Territory Client

Description

Budget $ Post Date Remarks

Tender Categories

Davenport Campbell Middle East (Bahrain) Hisham Abdulrahman Jaffer - HAJ (Bahrain) Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Company (Bahrain) Housing Projects Marine Engg. Works & Seaports Hotels MPP1377-LE Natour Resort Development Project Lebanon Name: Malia Holding (Lebanon) Address: Amaret Chalhoub - Sarraf Bldg., Jdeidat-elMetn City: Beirut Postal/Zip Code: 90201 Country: Lebanon Phone: (+961-1) 899 886 Fax: (+961-1) 900 100 Website: http://www.maliaholding.com Development of Natour resort comprising two luxury hotels, a spa, residential villas, a large marina, a shopping mall, retail outlets, and other associated facilities such as swimming pools and spas.

500,000,000 December 1, 2005 This project will be developed near Anfeh, south of Tripoli and cover an area of 485,000 square metres. The master plan also incorporates 450 metres of seashore and an old Cistercian monastery. Three international design firms have submitted proposals for the contract to draw up a master plan on this scheme. Interested companies include US’ Sasaki Associates and HOK. US’ Dobbin International has carried out a preliminary survey of the waterfront for Sasaki in 2004. A designer will be appointed imminently once an agreement has been reached with local authorities over straightening the coastal highway linking Anfeh to Tripoli. As soon as approval is granted, the client will appoint local contractors.

Work has resumed on this scheme after a long delay, with design to be completed by June 2010. It will take three to four years for the project to complete, once the designs have been finalised and construction contracts awarded.

Hotels Housing Projects Leisure Marine Engg. Works & Seaports

Project Number SPR527-O Project Name Kempinski Hotel Project - The Wave

Development

Territory Oman Client Name: The Wave (Oman)

Description

Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

Address: Al Harthi Complex City: Muscat Postal/Zip Code: 87 Country: Oman Phone: (+968) 2460 0083 Fax: (+968) 2460 0663 Website: http://www.thewavemuscat.com Design and construction of five-star Kempinski Hotel comprising 300 rooms, including support buildings consisting of a staff accommodation complex to house 1,200 people and a central laundry room.

300,000,000 August 25, 2007 15/03/2013 This project will be located at Muscat in Oman and cover a land area of 45,000 square metres.

Client is preparing the tender for the main contract. An award is anticipated in October 2010.

OBM International (USA)

Master Plan Consultant Tender Categories Housing Projects

Hotels

Project Number SPR526-O Project Name Fairmont Hotel Project - The Wave

Development

Territory Oman

48

Client Name: The Wave (Oman)

CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

April 2010

Description

Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

Address: Al Harthi Complex City: Muscat Postal/Zip Code: 87 Country: Oman Phone: (+968) 2460 0083 Fax: (+968) 2460 0663 Website: http://www.thewavemuscat.com Design and construction of five-star hotel Fairmont Hotel, comprising 253 rooms, including support buildings consisting of a staff accommodation complex to house 1,200 people and a central laundry room.

300,000,000 August 25, 2007 15/09/2012 This project will be located at Muscat in Oman and cover a land area of 45,000 square metres.

It is understood that the project is still under design.

Echo Design Consultants (Saudi Arabia) OBM International (USA)

Design Consultant Master Plan Consultant Tender Categories Housing Projects

Hotels

Project Number SPR1915-Q Project Name Porta Moda City Project - Lusail Real

Estate Development

Territory Qatar Client Name: Abu Dhabi Investment House (ADIH)

Description

Budget $ Post Date Period Remarks

Main Architect Design Consultant Tender Categories

Project Number Project Name Territory Client

Description

Budget $ Remarks

City: Abu Dhabi Postal/Zip Code: 106699 Country: United Arab Emirates Phone: (+971-2) 681 1233 Fax: (+971-2) 681 1844 E-mail: info@adih.ae Website: http://www.adih.ae Design and construction of Porta Moda City comprising industries, arts, furniture design, jewellery design, museums, including hotels, residential units, studio apartments, villas, coffee shops, restaurants, famous international boutiques and resorts.

1,400,000,000 September 16, 2008 15/12/2013 This project will form a part of Lusail Real Estate development in Qatar. The scheme is being implemented in joint venture with Gulf Finance House and Qatar Entertainment City.

It is understood that the development is still in design phase.

Edifice Design & Project Management (Dubai) RTKL Associates Inc. (USA) Hotels Housing Projects SPR2612-O The Wave Development Project - Phase 2 Oman Name: The Wave (Oman) Address: Al Harthi Complex City: Muscat Postal/Zip Code: 87 Country: Oman Phone: (+968) 2460 0083 Fax: (+968) 2460 0663 Website: http://www.thewavemuscat.com Design and construction of mixed-use facilities, including four hotels, beachfront villas, condominium towers, retail components, restaurants and conference centre.

1,000,000,000 This project is in Oman with covering area of 2,500,000 square metres. US’ OBM International Limited has been appointed as the master plan consultant on this scheme.

UK’s WS Atkins International has been appointed as the main architect on this scheme.

Atkins International (Oman) OBM International (USA)

Main Architect Master Plan Consultant Tender Categories Hotels

Leisure Housing Projects

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CLIMATE CONTROL MIDDLE EAST

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18-20 May 2010 Dubai International Exhibition Centre, UAE FM EXPO Property developers and owners are now well aware of the huge importance of introducing FM from the outset of a building.

Efficient FM both prolongs the lifetime of a building as well as impacting on the bottom-line – crucial during an economic downturn.

With the creation of the Middle East Facilities Management Association (MEFMA) in 2009, facilities management has never had a more important focus in the region and the resulting best practices, regulations, education and business opportunities means that FM Expo and its co-located Property & FM Conference will be a sought-after event for the industry in 2010.

Contact Carol D’Souza Delegate Coordinator dmg world media Dubai T: +971 4 438 0355 F: +971 4 438 0359 E: CarolDSouza@dmgworldmedia. com W: dmgworldmedia.com 24 - 27 May 2010 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Saudi Aircon 2010 The 11th International Air Conditioning, Ventilation, Heating and Refrigeration Show (Saudi Aircon) is expected to bring together a powerful mix of top air conditioning distributors, suppliers, manufacturers, specifiers, agents and engineers from across Saudi Arabia and the rest of the world.

The visitor profile will include plumbers, heating installers, airconditioning and refrigeration installers, electricians, general building contractors, dealers, architects, interior designers, design offices, engineering companies, contractors and customers from the public and private sectors, buyers and technical departments of manufacturers.

The exhibits will include air

conditioning & heating equipment; central units; instrumentation & controls; split and window units; ducting systems; components & spare parts; ventilation systems; industrial fans; vents & grills; refrigeration & cooling; large capacity food storage; supermarket, hotel and restaurant refrigeration; engineering cooling; mobile cold storage manufacturing; cooling systems process.

Contact PO Box 56010 Riyadh 11554 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia T: +966 1 2295604 F: +966 1 2295612 E: esales@recexpo.com / info@ recexpo.com

June 2010 13 - 16 June 2010 Indianapolis, Indiana, USA IDEA 101st Annual Conference & Trade Show To be held at the Westin Indianapolis and The Indiana Convention Center, the 101st conference has the theme, “Creating an Efficient Energy Future”.

According to the organisers, The International District Energy Association, the event is expected to bring together experienced technical, operational, and business partner professionals for direct peer-to-peer exchange in a collegial atmosphere. The programme will offer a wide range of technical solutions, business strategies and important regulatory and policy updates. Attendees will hear how the industry is adapting for greater fuel flexibility, enabling a smarter electricity grid and influencing energy and climate policies favourable for district energy and combined heat and power.

The conference host is Citizens Thermal Energy, which is the owner/operator of one of the largest district heating and cooling systems in North America.

Contact Tanya Kozel International District Energy Association T: +1 410 518 6676 E: tanya.idea@districtenergy.org W: www.districtenergy.org

CFD Analysis provided with Jet Fans

Approved by: Dubai Civil Defense

JET-FANS

Ventilation Systems Local Agent:

DUBAI: PO Box 50673 Al Quoz Industrial Area 4, Dubai - UAE Tel: +971 4 3478115 Fax: +971 4 3478225

abu dhabi: P.O. Box 33079 Madinat Zayed, Near Gemaco Furniture Air Port Road, Abu Dhabi - U.A.E. Tel : +971 2 6347815 Fax : +971 2 6347825

Email: enquiry@rhira.com | www.rhira.com