Copernicus Marine Service in support to Denmark

Copernicus Marine Service in support to

DENMARK

USE CASE BOOK

SUMMARY P. 4

How can one survive on pacific atolls?

P. 6

Combining desalinisation and wave energy farms

P. 8

monitoring porpoise in kattegat natura 2000 protected area

P. 10 ocean biological information service: ocebis P. 12 supporting danish defence in the baltic sea P. 14 supporting denmark with the european habitats directive P. 16 supporting fishermen in the baltic sea P. 18 wise-marine: a platform in support to msfd

The Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS) provides reference data and information on the physical and biogeochemical state, variability and dynamics of the ocean and marine ecosystems for the global ocean and the European regional seas. Products are free of charge and open to all, accessible via marine.copernicus.eu.

CMEMS is implemented by Mercator Ocean International on behalf of the European Commission.

Inventory of marine applications developed in Denmark with the help of Copernicus Marine Service products.

Should you have any comments or questions, please contact us at : communication@mercator-ocean.eu CMEMS_EU

Copernicus Marine Service

Version 2.3 14 mars 2019

U S E CASES

HOW CAN ONE SURVIVE ON PACIFIC ATOLLS?

CASE • USE OVE RVIE W

The Danish publishing firm Lindhardt and Ringhof Education publishes scientific schoolbooks for high schools in Denmark, among which a physical geography book called GEOdetective: The authors of the book use the Copernicus Marine Service image displaying the regional mean sea level trends in the second chapter of their book. This image showcases that sea level has been rising up to 10 millimeters (i.e. 1 cm) around some of the Pacific islands during the time period 1993-2017. In this chapter the authors examine the question: How can one survive on pacific atolls? The GEOdetective book contains 8 courses built around real-life issues involving exercises, experiments, field trips and field work. The teaching model used in the book puts a case at the center, from which students analyze the problem from different angles. A natural red thread arises allowing the student to formulate a qualified answer. The book's course is based on questions among which 3 are related to the ocean: How can one survive on Pacific atolls? What happens when the ice melts? Why are plastic islands formed in the oceans?

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easily understandable figures

Scientifically assessed trends

open source and free of charge information and graphics

SEA LEVEL RISE GLOBAL WARMING CLIMATE CHANGE SOCIETY AND EDUCATION FLOOD RISKS FORCING PEOPLE'S MIGRATION

SOCIETY & EDUCATION

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S A ND • FACT KE Y N UMBER S

Sea level rises on average over the globe of 1.2 mm per year. This trend has been estimated from 2005 to 2016, over the ocean depth layer 0-2000 meters. The uncertainty associated to this figure is of ± 0.2 mm/year. Sea level rise can seriously effect human populations in coastal and island regions and natural environments like marine ecosystems. Global mean and regional sea level is affected by natural climate variability, as well as by human-induced changes. Because of ocean warming and land ice mass loss, the sea level rises. Water expands when heated and about 30% of contemporary sea level rise can be attributed to this thermal expansion (i.e. thermosteric sea level).

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Ocean Monitoring Indicators (OMIs) are used in this application.

OMI are free downloadable trends and data sets covering the past quarter of a century. These are key variables used to track the vital health signs of the ocean and changes in line with climate change.

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Lindhardt and Ringhof Education is a Danish book publishing company based in Copenhagen. The GEOdetective book can be used by teachers in the organization of teaching at both C and B level, so that a good progression in working methods, professional requirements and independence in the work process is ensured.

More information here Contact Frederikke Carlsen frederikke.carlsen@lrforlag.dk

Lindhardt and Ringhof Education www.lru.dk/geodetektiven

SOCIETY & EDUCATION

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Any question, please contact servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/

Copernicus Marine Service

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U S E CASES

COMBINING DESALINISATION AND WAVE ENERGY FARMS

CASE • USE OVE RVIE W

Wavepiston has been working on wave energy since 2006. The Danish company aims to create sustainable and affordable devices to harness the vast potential of ocean waves. Currently demonstrating its prototype off the coast of Denmark, the team plans on deploying another device in the Mediterranean.

Wavepiston is developing devices using wave energy to produce electricity and power desalinisation plants. Selecting a test site is a crucial step for wave energy companies as wave energy converters are often optimized for a specific wave climate.

Resource assessment is thus one of the first phases of any ocean energy project. Using Copernicus Marine Service data, Wavepiston was able to perform quick assessments of the feasibility of wave sites in the North Sea and the Mediterranean. During the R and D phase, running power production simulations is necessary to validate the models used by the company. The Copernicus Marine wave data allowed Wavepiston to conduct potential power generation simulations on given project sites.

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Allows quick calculation of potential energy production in a given

Provide relevant wave data for wave resource mapping

location

USING WAVE ENERGY FOR DESALINISATION WAVEPISTON PROTOTYPE RENEWABLE MARINE ENERGY

NATURAL RESOURCES & ENERGY

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S A ND • FACT KE Y N UMBER S

Estimates of potential production from wave energy vary, but all agree that the size of the prize is significant from 4.000 TWh/year (Cruz 2008) to 29.500 TWh/year (IPCC 2011). As a benchmark, Europe consumes around 3.000 TWh/year. Wave energy can provide utility scale power production. It also has applications for remote islands replacing expensive and polluting diesel-powered production. Furthermore, wave energy can power onshore and offshore industries such as fish farms, oil and gas platforms and desalinisation plants.

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The Copernicus Marine Service wave forecast models over the Mediterranean Sea and the European North West Shelves are used for this application.

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Wavepiston was founded in 2006 by three engineers driven by solid experience and a mutual vision of a greener society. The company's mission is to develop a cost efficient and durable wave power technology that fits into the portfolio of energy sources and to get the technology disseminated and used the best way possible.

More information here Contact wavepiston info@wavepiston.dk

wavepiston wavepiston.dk/#top

NATURAL RESOURCES &ENERGY

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Any question, please contact servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/

Copernicus Marine Service

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U S E CASES

MONITORING PORPOISE IN KATTEGAT NATURA 2000 PROTECTED AREA CASE • USE OVE RVIE W

Store Middelgrund reef in Baltic Kattegat has been identified as harbour porpoise bycatch hot-spot. The reef has been designated as Natura 2000 protected area for harbour porpoises. Porpoises are present all year round on the reef, with a higher density from May to August and a peak in June. The most important drivers for harbour porpoise distribution are the bathymetry and chlorophyll-A concentration. The Aarhus University in Denmark, in the frame of a Natura 2000 project, has examined the harbour porpoise presence in the reef area over a period of one year (02/2016 to 01/2017) by combining habitat-based density models, passive acoustic detections and environmental background data.

The project investigates relationships between the presence of harbour porpoises and variations of environmental conditions including salinity, temperature, water currents, Chlorophyll A and bathymetry. All environmental variables were obtained from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service online data portal. The Baltic Sea physical and biogeochemical models were used more specifically for this project.

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Better understanding of the environmental conditions.

Decision-making support tool

Free and sustained information about Baltic Sea oceanic conditions.

Supports national and regional authorities for EU directive implementation

HARBOUR PORPOISE KATTEGAT NATURA 2000 SCIENCE EU HABITATS AND SPECIES DIRECTIVE

MARINE CONSERVATION & POLICIES

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S A ND • FACT KE Y N UMBER S

The harbour porpoise is the most commonly sighted and stranded cetacean in European waters throughout the year and is found widely distributed over the continental shelf of the eastern North Atlantic. Although considered abundant at this large scale, there has been considerable concern for its status in some regions due to apparent declines in numbers of sightings and strandings and impacts which include high levels of incidental catches in fisheries.

The EU Habitats and Species Directive recognises harbour porpoises as species of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation.

MS • CME P RODUCT I N U SE

The Baltic Sea physical and biogeochemical models were used more specifically for this project. The spatial model model resolution is 1 nautical mile and model data include hourly instantaneous values of all variables for the period 1-2-2016 to 31-1-2017.

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Aarhus University (AU) was founded in 1928 and today it has several world class research fields. It has a long tradition of partnerships with some of the world's best research institutions and university networks. AU has a strong commitment to the development of society that is realised through its collaboration with government agencies and institutions and the business community.

Contact Lagemaa Priidik priidik.lagemaa@msi.ttu.ee aarhus university www.au.dk/en/

MARINE CONSERVATION & POLICIES

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Any question, please contact servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/

Copernicus Marine Service

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OCEAN BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE: OCEBIS

CASE • USE OVE RVIE W

OCEBIS is an open downstream service for the fishery industry sector. Its maps show where life conditions are best in the ocean, based on the knowledge of the different species in the ecosystem.

Such map are based on Copernicus Marine Service operational physical and biogeochemical data products. Bottom-up ecosystem drivers sets the conditions for life in the ocean. For example, frontal and mesoscale structures, spatial biological indices and marine spatial connectivity are ecosystem drivers that influence life in the ocean. With the OCEBIS service, users can customize how to visualize oceanic data and freely download data/images seen in the browser. The OCEBIS operational web service provides continuous updated real-time maps of biologically relevant data layers. Its software components are available for free download, so users can explore their own hypotheses about life conditions in the ocean. Targeted users are scientists, fishermen, fish farmers, marine managers, students working with marine biology projects and NGO's. Please visit OCEBIS at https://ocebis.org/

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Free and sustained information about many ocean parameters. spatial overview of important oceanographic bottom-up drivers for biological dynamics in the ocean

FISHERY INDUSTRY OCEANOGRAPHIC DRIVERS PHYSICS-BIOLOGY INTERACTIONS

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WATER QUALITY

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S A ND • FACT KE Y N UMBER S

The landing value of fishery catch in the initial area of the demonstration (European North West Shelves) is roughly 1 billion Euros. It amounts to 7 billions Euros for the marine fish farming landing value. CMEMS products are currently underutilized in the fishery industry, science and management to optimize the revenue potential and sustainability of this economic sector. The OCEBIS service developed here aims at facilitating higher degree of user-uptake of this economic sector.

MS • CME P RODUCT I N U SE

Thanks to CMEMS biogeochemistry ocean models, DTU Aqua investigates the biology and population ecology of aquatic organisms, aquatic physical and chemical processes and ecosystem structure and dynamics.

Product in use 1 Product in use 2 Product in use 3

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DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources is an institute at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). DTU Aqua conducts research, provides advice, educates at university level and contributes to innovation in sustainable exploitation and management of aquatic resources. It investigates the biology and population ecology of aquatic organisms, aquatic physical and chemical processes.

Contact Asbjorn Christensen asc@aqua.dtu.dk www.aqua.dtu.dk/english COPERNICUS MARINE SERVICE

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Any question, please contact servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/

Copernicus Marine Service

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SUPPORTING DANISH DEFENCE IN THE BALTIC SEA

CASE • USE OVE RVIE W

The Danish Defence Centre for Operational Oceanography (FCOO) collects, validates, stores, and disseminates oceanographic, meteorological and hydrographical data-products that are available and used for civilians purposes. Accurate and reliable predictions are important to help the Danish Armed Force and civilians to navigate safely. FCOO forecasts, covering a total of 6 domains (Greenland, Faroe islands, Denmark, Mediterranean Sea, European Seas and Global Ocean), are used to improve safety at sea by providing online information for mariners (https://ifm.fcoo.dk). Search and rescue operations, oil spill predictions, ice reports and forecasts for the Danish waters are examples of use of FCOO data-products. Copernicus Marine Service In Situ observational data from BSH (buoy data), SMHI (vessel CTD data), SYKE (Argo) and other data providers (Sea Level) is periodically used for the validation of the three-nested setup General Estuarine Model that covers the Danish waters.

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Better knowledge and preparation to situation at sea.

Open access and sustained information about many ocean parameters in present and future time windows (in Situ measurements and forecast)

BALTIC SEA SAFETY AT SEA DANISH DEFENCE CENTRE FOR OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN SITU DATA

SAFETY & DISASTER

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S A ND • FACT KE Y N UMBER S

Danish waters forecast are routinely used by the Vessel Traffic Services in the 2 main Baltic Sea Kattegat strait passages: the Great Belt and the Sound. The Danish Defence Centre for Operational Oceanography (FCOO) has developed a three-nested setup of the General Estuarine Model that provides information about a variety of oceanographic variables (currents, salinity, sea temperature) with a resolution of 600 m in this particular area (Belt Sea and South West Baltic).

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The Copernicus Marine Service in situ products are used for validation of the Baltic Sea numerical model run by FCOO. Product in use 1 Product in use 2

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The Danish Defence Centre for Operational Oceanography (FCOO) collects in situ data, runs numerical models and validates and disseminates oceanographic, meteorological and hydrographical products used by the Danish Armed Forces or for civilian purposes.

Contact Johan Söderkvist jos@fcoo.dk

Danish Defence Centre for Operational Oceanography fcoo.dk/

SAFETY & DISASTER

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Any question, please contact servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/

Copernicus Marine Service

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SUPPORTING DENMARK WITH THE EUROPEAN HABITATS DIRECTIVE CASE • USE OVE RVIE W

The marine landscape at the entrance of the Baltic Sea (Kattegat, Belt Sea, Danish straits) is characterised by a bed form called boulder reefs which are unique and ecologically distinct. They are defined as a rare and biologically important habitat by the EC Habitats Directive. Several boulder reef areas in Danish waters are a designated part of the Natura 2000 network. The species-rich vegetation and fauna associated with the reefs are exposed to strong variability of surrounding water properties and anthropogenic stress due to their proximity to heavily used shipping routes and sources of nutrient loads. Model products from Copernicus Marine Service in the Baltic Sea were analysed for a 5 month-reference period (April-August 2010) by the AAHRUS University to quantify natural variability patterns in the physical environment (temperature, salinity, currents) at 21 boulder reef areas in the Kattegat and Belt Sea. The analysis provided a detailed and coherent picture of the oceanographic setting of various Danish boulder reefs.

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Free and sustained information provision.

Provision of merged satellite information along with in situ information.

Ready to use, global coverage, expertised ocean colour satellite products.

EU POLICY NATURA 2000 HABITATS DIRECTIVE BALTIC SEA

MARINE CONSERVATION & POLICIES

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S A ND • FACT KE Y N UMBER S

The European Union's Habitats Directive came into force in 1992 and ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species. Some 200 rare and characteristic habitat types are also targeted for conservation. The conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora aims to promote the maintenance of biodiversity, taking account of economic, social, cultural and regional requirements. It forms the cornerstone of Europe's nature conservation policy with the Birds Directive and establishes the EU wide Natura 2000 ecological network of protected areas, safeguarded against potentially damaging developments.

MS • CME P RODUCT I N U SE

CMEMS Analysis and Forecast model products provide with 7-day forecast of 3D ocean currents, temperature, salinity and sea ice parameters updated daily. Models over the Baltic sea are used in this application.

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Aarhus University is a Danish University which has its main campus in Aarhus, campuses in three other locations in Denmark and research activities at 18 different locations in Denmark, Greenland and on Tenerife. Its ambition is to be a globally-oriented university with a commitment to excellence in research and education and a strong engagement in the development of society.

More information here

www.au.dk/en/

MARINE CONSERVATION & POLICIES

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Any question, please contact servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/

Copernicus Marine Service

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SUPPORTING FISHERMEN IN THE BALTIC SEA

CASE • USE OVE RVIE W

In January 2015, in Vordingborg Kommune in Denmark, very high mortality was observed among Pike following a surge. Pike (Gedde in Danish) are a species of carnivorous fish, living typically in brackish and fresh waters of the Northern Hemisphere. They have a long and distinguished history in cuisine and are popular fare in Europe. An investigation showed the high mortality of these fish to be related to high salinity levels and that the saline water intrusion had caused damage to the local fishing industry. The Baltic Sea forecasts of the Copernicus Marine Service were used to obtain salinity measurements in the relevant waters and were provided to the end-user local district authorities such as Vordingborg Kommune. In this case, Copernicus Marine Service BALTIC model products provided high quality data which met user needs.

Physical conditions in the Baltic Sea have a significant impact on fishing.

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Better planning of the fish stock in the Baltic Sea. Better understanding of the environmental conditions.

Free and sustained information about Baltic Sea salinity.

BALTIC SEA VORDINGBORG KOMMUNE FISH MORTALITY HIGH SALINITY FISHING SECTOR

MARINE FOOD

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S A ND • FACT KE Y N UMBER S

The Baltic Sea is a unique sea area. Even though the Danish straits connect it to the Atlantic Ocean, its salinity is very low : only about one fifth of the salinity of the oceans. The Baltic Sea is also shallow (Its average depth is about 54 metres) hence very sensitive to any saline or oxygenated water intrusion. The oxygen level in water also depend on its stratification and the occurence of winter convection which breaks through stratification. Better understanding the Baltic Sea water circulation is a necessary step for its sustainable management.

MS • CME P RODUCT I N U SE

CMEMS Analysis and Forecast model products provide with 7-day forecast of 3D ocean salinity fields updated daily. Physics Model over the Baltic Sea is used in this application. It provides hydrodynamic forecast including high frequency processes of paramount importance to characterize regional scale marine processes.

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Vordingborg is located in Denmark, in the middle of the Kattegat strait at the entrance of the Baltic Sea.

More information here vordingborg.dk/

MARINE FOOD

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Any question, please contact servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/

Copernicus Marine Service

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WISE-MARINE: A PLATFORM IN SUPPORT TO MSFD

CASE • USE OVE RVIE W

WISE-Marine is a portal and infrastructure for sharing information with the marine community on the marine environment at European level. Focusing on the state of the marine environment at the European scale, WISE Marine shows the information and knowledge gathered or derived through the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) process and other key marine policy drivers. It is developed in a partnership among Commission services (DG-ENV, DG-JRC), the European Environment Agency (EEA) and Eurostat. WISE-Marine presents available data related to the implementation of the MSFD in European Seas. WISE-Marine has developed a GIS map viewer https://maps.eea.europa.eu/wab/wise-marine-map/ displaying different layers originating from various sources, among which salinity and Chlorophyll-A from the Copernicus Marine Service. In the WISE-Marine map viewer, key topics can be explored and visualized spatially.This comprehensive knowledge base about the ocean is essential to support European marine policies and ocean governance.

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Web Map Service (WMS) is used here: it a standard protocol for

serving (over the Internet) georeferenced map images which a

MARINE CONSERVATION & POLICIES

map server generates using data from a GIS database WMS fluxes allow to visualize on the WISE-Marine map viewer remote data from the Copernicus Marine Service portal

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S A ND • FACT KE Y N UMBER S

Recognising both the ecological and economic importance of European seas, the EU has put in place a range of policies and measures, related to planning and regulating the sustainable use of European seas covering a number of activities such as fisheries, offshore energy production, and protection of marine biodiversity.

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive, adopted in 2008, aims to ensure coherence between such EU policies and sets three goals for European seas: to be productive, healthy, and clean.

These efforts are also aligned with the EU's Blue Growth agenda.

MS • CME P RODUCT I N U SE

The Copernicus Marine Service Satellite Global monthly Ocean Colour data (Chlorophyll-A) is displayed in the WISE-Marine map viewer. The salinity fields extracted from the Copernicus Marine Service Global Ocean model is also displayed.

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The European Environment Agency (EEA) is an agency of the European Union. Its task is to provide sound, independent information on the environment. It is a major information source for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy, and also the general public.

More information here

EEA water.europa.eu/marine/

MARINE CONSERVATION & POLICIES

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Any question, please contact servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/

MARKETS

Copernicus Marine Service supports all sectors of the Blue Economy.

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POLAR E NVI RONME NT M ONI TORI NG

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The Copernicus Marine Service polar environment products allow users to assess environmental safety in both poles. These products are used by national sea ice services to serve many user groups like:  National authorities  Research institutes  Shipping companies

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SCIENCE & CL IMAT E

We provide scientists with many products to conduct their environmental, climate and oceanographic research. They can rely on:  The Ocean Monitoring  The Ocean State Indicators (OMIs) Report, a flagship scientific publication

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We provide public authorities and governments with key parameters to support the monitoring of habitats within conservation areas.

Many variables can be monitored by each European Member State using the Copernicus Marine Service, such as:  Sea water eutrophication 

Ocean noise

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WATE R QUALI TY

SOCIET Y & EDUCAT ION

We develop ocean literacy tools for the general public, teachers, decision-makers etc. They are used to raise awareness about the multifaceted environmental pressures on the ocean:  Climate change  Overfishing  Plastic pollution

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M ARI NE NAVI GATI ON

We provide products contributing to safer ship routing (can reduce fleet navigation risks in ice-covered areas) and more ecological and efficient marine navigation (by lowering fuel consumption):  Ocean current  Sea ice  Wave

N ATU RA L R ES O U R C ES & E N E R GY

Our ocean models provide key inputs to estimate ocean energy resources to:  Monitor  Evaluate ocean offshore sites energy resources These data are used by businesses researchers and decision-makers.

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COASTAL M O NITO R IN G

The modelling method called “Downscaling” allows the Copernicus Marine Service data to be used to develop high resolution coastal models, useful for coastal management.

Using our products, each European Member State can:  Monitor sea water  Notably sea water quality in line with eutrophication in the European Marine areas impacted by Strategy Framework harmful algae blooms Directive (MSFD)

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M A R IN E CO N S E RVAT I O N & PO L IC IES

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M A R IN E FO O D

Our products and services are used to model fish habitats with variables like chorophyll and sea surface temperature, for example. These contribute to the sustainable management of:  Fisheries 

Aquaculture farms

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SA FE TY & D ISASTE R

Our daily forecast ocean model provides inputs for:  Search and rescue  Meteo-ocean software dashboards The ocean current model can be used for drift forecasting of oil spills that help government agencies to better plan emergency response operations.

COPERNICUS MARINE DATA IN SUPPORT TO DENMARK

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marine.opernicus.eu

@CMEMS_EU

Copernicus Marine Service

servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu