SO2015 Module Handbook

SOCIAL DIVISIONS: DIFFERENCES AND RESISTANCE

SO2015 M ODULE C ONVENER : D R . C HRIS M C M ILLAN C ONTACT : CHRIS . MCMILLAN @ BRUNEL . AC . UK

2012-13 T ERM 1 L ECTURE : M ONDAY 1-3 PM , LC062

SOCIAL DIVISIONS Societies tend to be defined by a shared identity and sense of cohesion. Conversely, we recognise that differences within these communities, and the consequent divisions, exclusions and inequalities that result, are a fundamental aspect of social life. In this module we seek to analyse the struggles between identity and difference, cohesion and division, which emerge through social and cultural practices.

In engaging with these core sociological themes, we shall come to consider conceptions of factors such as class, gender, ethnicity, health and income, as well as the unifying strands of belonging, identification and power to address the major social divisions and resistances in contemporary British society and beyond. The module aim to: 1.

2.

Develop your ability to analyse social divisions, assess theories of social divisions and understand the implications of social divisions for social order and change.

Develop your capacity to select, evaluate and compare critically evidence on the historical, current and comparative dimensions of social divisions.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

This module provides opportunities for you to develop and demonstrate knowledge and understanding in areas that include the following:

1. Understanding of key perspectives and debates relating to social divisions and their social and political articulation.

2. Sociologically informed perspectives on the ways in social divisions relate to power and life chances.

3. Critical assessment of the appropriateness of evidence and methods used in selected literatures pertaining to social divisions

COURSE CONVENER CONTACT DETAILS

Dr. Chris McMillan Room GB. 152 Gaskell Building Ext. 67541 chris.mcmillan@brunel.ac.uk Office Hours: Monday 15.00-16.00

LECTURES Lectures will be held in the Lecture Centre, room LC062 on Monday’s between 1-3pm.

These lectures provide the framework for the course, your reading and for your assessment. Lectures will be interactive and your attendance is required.

Week Date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1st

Topic

Oct From Unity to Exclusions: Understanding social divisions th 8 Oct It’s the economy, stupid! Understanding class and poverty th 15 Chavs and Toffs: Social class and cultural Oct identity 22nd Doing what comes natural? Sex, gender and Oct sexuality th 29 Can’t we all just get along? Understanding Oct race and ethnicity th 5 Health, Illness and Disability Nov 12th ASK Week Nov 19th Imagined communities: Citizenship, Nov nationhood and exclusion th 26 Controlling ‘freaks’: Power, ideology and Nov violence rd 3 God save the Queen: Religion, community Dec and identity th 10 Dividing the future: Information, economy Dec and environment 17th Seen examination: 1-3pm Dec

READING Studying in the social sciences doesn’t involve working in a laboratory or creating things in a workshop like other degrees at the University, but it does require a big commitment outside of lecture times: reading.

Whilst lectures offer a framework and guide to the literature and to key issues, you will benefit most from critically reading the assigned readings, both for assessments and for your understanding of social life.

Each topic has a selection of readings but this book provides a good empirical and conceptual introduction and background to the module as a whole, and the majority of weekly readings will be selected from this text: Payne, G. (2006) Social Divisions (2nd Ed.), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

ASSESSMENT This module is assessed by a seen examination A ‘seen examination’ worth 100% of the final grade will be held on the 17th of December. Details will be released towards the end of the term

BLACKBOARD LEARN BlackBoard Learn (BBL) is the University’s new Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). Here you will find this module outline (well done if you’ve already found it), lecture slides, readings and a forum for discussion.

FURTHER ASSISTANCE

If you would like further support you may wish to contact the Academic Skills Service (ASK).

About @SK Academic Skills (ASK), based in the Library, are here to help support you in developing the essential skills for university study, from how to make the most of lectures and communicate effectively to how to think critically, write academically and use statistics. ASK services and sessions are available to all students and cover a range of topics, including: Academic writing – planning, structuring, clarity and conciseness; Active and critical reading; Critical and analytical thinking; Critiquing and organising your research; Improving English grammar, punctuation and style; Presentations and projects; Statistics and statistical software including SPSS and Excel; Time management and organisation.

WHAT CAN ASK DO FOR YOU ?

Workshops: ASK run a programme of workshops and courses within the Library on a range of academic skills and also organise events such as ASK Week. Information about what’s on and timetables can be viewed on our booking calendar http://tinyurl.com/askbrunel Resources: Browse the study skills book collection in the Library and the ASK BlackBoard Learn page for useful links, documents and interactive lessons. For more information on getting started for University studies see our Headstart website: http://www.brunel.ac.uk/headstart

Individual Advice: Drop-in to the Library: Writing and Learning: 12-2pm Monday to Friday and 5-7pm Tuesdays Statistics: 1.30-3 Thursday (postgraduates only, Halsbury 119) and 12-1pm Friday

DETAILED MODULE OUTLINE SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 1: 1st October 2012

FROM UNITY TO EXCLUSIONS: UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL DIVISIONS Differences between people are at the core of social life, yet constructing these differences requires an identification of and with social groupings. In this session we will consider the distinction sociologists make between social differences, divisions, exclusions and inequalities, as well as introducing the core themes and structure of the module.

READING

Introduction and Conclusion in Payne, G. (2006) Social Divisions (2nd Ed.), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 2: 8th October 2012

IT’S THE ECONOMY, STUPID? UNDERSTANDING CLASS AND POVERTY For much of the history of sociology social class has been the primary idea through which social divisions have been understood. In this session we explore this tradition, investigating how the classical sociologists, Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim conceptualised class.

Following this discussion we turn our attention to class as a way of explaining inequalities in wealth and material resources within modern societies, with a particular focus on poverty and social exclusion within modern Britain.

READING

Scott, J. (2006) Class and Stratification. In Payne, G. (2006) Social Divisions (2nd Ed.), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Platt, L. (2006) Poverty. In Payne, G. (2006) Social Divisions (2nd Ed.), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Supplementary Readings

Abercrombie, N. and Warde, A. (eds) (2000) Contemporary British Society, Cambridge: Polity (see the chapter on social class).

Adorno, T. (2001) The Culture Industry, Routledge.

Best, S. (2005) Understanding Social Divisions, Sage.

Craib, I. (1997) Classical Social Theory, Sage.

Crompton, R. (1998) Class and Stratification, second edition, Polity.

Crompton, R., et al. (eds) (2000) Renewing Class Analysis, Blackwell.

Edgell, S. (1993) Class, Routledge.

Giddens, A. (1971) Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Weber, Cambridge University Press.

Jones, R.A. (1986) Emile Durkheim: An Introduction to Four Major Works, Sage.

McLellan, D. (1995) The Thought of Karl Marx: An Introduction, third edition, Papermac.

Milner, A. (1999) Class, Sage.

Morrison, K. (1995) Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Sage.

Rose, D. and O’Reilly, K. (1997) Constructing Classes, ESRC. Savage, M. (2000) Class Analysis and Social Transformation, Open University Press.

Scott, J. (2002) ‘Social Class and Stratification in Late Modernity’, Acta Sociologica 45(1): 23-35.

Scase, R. (1992) Class, Open University Press.

Sennett, R. (1993) The Hidden Injuries of Class, W.W. Norton.

Stones, R. (ed.) (1998) Key Sociological Thinkers (see chapters on Marx, Weber and Durkheim), Sage.

Swedberg, R. (1998) Max Weber and the Idea of Economic Sociology (chapters 1 & 2), Princeton University Press.

Williams, R. (1988) Keywords, Fontana.

Wills, J. (2008) ‘Making Class Politics Possible: Organizing Contract Cleaners in London’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32(2): 305-323.

Witkin, R. W. (2003) Adorno on Popular Culture, Routledge.

Wright, E.O. (1989) The Debate on Classes, Verso.

SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 3: 15th October 2012

CHAVS AND TOFFS: SOCIAL CLASS AND CULTURAL IDENTITY Whilst class is often considered to be at the core of social stratification, class divisions also create social groupings that produce a sense of identity for those within them. Conversely, sociologists often argue that these social identities work to soften economic inequalities between groups.

This session develops and extends the previous week’s lecture by looking in more detail at the relationship between social class, culture and social identities. We will consider Pierre Bourdieu’s work, amongst others, on the relationship between culture and social class, before returning to the relationship between cultural and economic conceptions of class in regards to contemporary forms of social exclusion and poverty in the Western world .

READING

Jones, O. (2012) Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class (Introduction) London: Verso.

Supplementary Readings Abercrombie, N. and Warde, A. (eds) (2000) Contemporary British Society, Cambridge: Polity (see the chapter on social class).

Atkinson, W. (2008) ‘Not All that was Solid has Melted into Air: A Critique of Bauman on Individualization and Class in Liquid Modernity’, The Sociological Review 56(1): 1-17.

Barker, Chris (2000) Cultural Studies, Sage.

Bottero, W. (2004) ‘Class Identity and the Identity of Class’, Sociology 38(5): 985-1003.

Bourdieu, P. (1984) Distinction, Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Crook, S., et al. (1992) Postmodernization, Sage.

Crompton, R. (2010) ‘Class and Employment’, Work, Employment and Society 24(1): 926.

Devine, F. et al. (eds) (2005) Rethinking Class, Palgrave.

Dowling, R. (2009) ‘Geographies of Identity: Landscapes of Class’, Progress in Human Geography (access the article through Google Scholar).

Edensor, T. and Millington, S. (2009) ‘Illuminations, Class Identities and the Contested Landscapes of Christmas’, Sociology 43(1): 103-121.

Fowler, B. (ed.) (2000) Reading Bourdieu on Society and Culture, Blackwell.

Gibson, N. and Rubin, A. (eds) (2001) Adorno: A Critical Reader, Blackwell.

Hebson, G. (2009) ‘Renewing Class Analysis in Studies of the Workplace: A Comparison of Working-class and Middle-class Women’s Aspirations and Identities’, Sociology 43(1): 27-44.

Hollingworth, S. and Williams, K. (2009) ‘Constructions of the Working-class “Other” Among White, Urban, Middle-Class Youth: “Chavs”, Subculture and the Valuing of Education’, Journal of Youth Studies 12(5): 467-482.

Jenkins, R. (1992) Pierre Bourdieu, Routledge.

Nayak, A. (2006) ‘Displaced Masculinities: Chavs, Youth and Class in the Post-industrial City’, Sociology 40(5): 813-831.

Payne, G. and Grew, C. (2005) ‘Unpacking “Class Ambivalence”’, Sociology 39(5): 893910.

Reay, D. (1998) ‘Rethinking Social Class: Qualitative Perspectives on Class and Gender’, Sociology 32(2): 259-275.

Reay, D. (2005) ‘Beyond Consciousness? The Psychic Landscape of Social Class’, Sociology 39(5): 911-928.

Savage, M. (2000) Class Analysis and Social Transformation, Open University Press.

Savage, M. et al. (2001) ‘Ordinary, Ambivalent and Defensive: Class Identities in the Northwest of England’, Sociology 35(4): 875-892.

Skeggs, B. (1997) Formations of Class and Gender, Sage.

Skeggs, B. (2004) Class, Self, Culture, Routledge.

Sociology (online journal) (2005) Special Issue on ‘Class, Culture and Identity’, 39(5).

Surridge, P. (2007) ‘Class Belonging: A Quantitative Exploration of Identity and Consciousness’, British Journal of Sociology 58(2): 207-226.

Swartz, D. (1997) Culture and Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, University of Chicago Press

Tyler, I. (2008) ‘“Chav Mum, Chav Mum”: Class Disgust in Contemporary Britain’, Feminist Media Studies 8(1): 17-34.

Wacquant, L.J.D (1998) ‘Pierre Bourdieu’ in R. Stones (ed) Key Sociological Thinkers, Macmillan.

Watt, P. (2008) ‘The Only Class in Town? Gentrification and the Middle-class Colonization of the City and the Urban Imagination’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32: 206–11.

Watt, P. (2009) ‘Living in an Oasis: Middle-Class Disaffiliation and Selective Belonging in an English Suburb’, Environment and Planning A 41: 2874-2892.

SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 4: 22nd October 2012

DOING WHAT COMES NATURAL? SEX, GENDER AND SEXUALITY Contemporary sociological thought has placed considerable emphasis upon the social construction of gender and sexuality, particularly the means through which the construction of these concepts influences struggles for equality.

In this lecture we will focus on the distinction between sex and gender, focusing particularly on the interventions into this debate by feminist theorists, before investigating shifts in conceptions about sex and sexuality, with particular focus upon resistance to changes to developments in both gender and sexual equality.

READING

Abbott, P. (2006) Gender. In G. Payne (Ed.) Social Divisions (second edition), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Scott, S. and Jackson, S. (2006) Sexuality. In G. Payne (Ed.) Social Divisions (second edition), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Supplementary readings Blasius, M. (1994) Gay and Lesbian Politics: sexuality and the emergence of a new ethic, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press Butler, J. (1990), Gender Trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity, London: Routledge.

Connell, R.W. (2002) Gender and Power Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Charles, N. (2002) Gender in Modern Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Delamont, S. (2001) Changing Women, Unchanged Men? Sociological Perspectives on Gender in a post-industrial society, Buckingham: Open University Press.

Foucault, M. (1990) [1976] The History of Sexuality: an introduction: Volume I, New York: Vintage.

Foucault, M. (1992) The perverse implantation. In E. Stein (Ed.) Forms of Desire: sexual orientation and the social constructionist controversy, London: Routledge.

Harding, R. (2008) Recognizing (and resisting) regulation: attitudes to the introduction of civil partnership, Sexualities, 11(6): 740-760. [E-journal gateway] McIntosh, M. (1992) The homosexual role. In E. Stein (Ed.) Forms of Desire: sexual orientation and the social constructionist controversy, London: Routledge.

Pitcher, J. (1999) Women in Contemporary Britain, London: Routledge.

Richardson, D. (2000) Claiming citizenship? Sexuality, citizenship and lesbian/ feminist theory, Sexualities, 3(2): 255-272. [E-journal gateway] Taylor, Y. (2005) Inclusion, exclusion, exclusive? Sexual citizenship and the repeal of Section 28/2a, Sexualities, 8(3): 375-380. [E-journal gateway] Waites, M. (2001) Regulation of sexuality: age of consent, Section 28 and sex education, Parliamentary Affairs, 54(3): 495–508. [E-journal gateway] Waites, M. (2002) Inventing a “lesbian age of consent”? The history of the minimum age for sex between women in the UK, Social and Legal Studies, 11(3): 323-42. [E-journal gateway] Waites, M. (2003) Equality at Last? Homosexuality, heterosexuality and the age of consent in the United Kingdom, Sociology, 37(4): 637–655. [E-journal gateway] Weeks, J. (1990) Coming out: homosexual politics in Britain from the nineteenth century to the present (revised edition), London: Quartet.

Weeks, J. (1989) Sex, Politics and Society: the regulation of sexuality since 1800, London: Longman.

Weeks, J. (2000) Making Sexual History, Cambridge: Polity.

Weeks, J. (2008) Commentary: Regulation, resistance, recognition, Sexualities, 11(6): 787-792.

[E-journal gateway] Wilson, A. (1993) Which equality? Toleration, difference or respect. In J. Bristow and A. Wilson (Eds.) Activating Theory: lesbian, gay, bisexual politics, London: Lawrence and Wishart.

Williams, C.L., and Stein, A. (2002) (eds.), Sexuality and Gender, Oxford: Blackwell.

SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 5: 29th October 2012

CAN’T WE ALL JUST GET ALONG? UNDERSTANDING RACE AND ETHNICITY This lecture examines how racial categories serve as social categories through which people exercise control and power over each other. It will consider aspects of migration, racism, multiculturalism, ethnic identities and sociological theories of race and ethnicity with a focus on the British context.

READING

Mason, D. (2006) Ethnicity. In G. Payne (Ed.) Social Divisions (2nd Ed.), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Supplementary Readings Anthias, F. and N. Yuval-Davis (1992), Racialized Boundaries: race, nation, gender, colour and class and the anti-racist struggle, London: Routledge.

Banton. M. (2000) Racial Theories, Cambridge University Press.

Bulmer, M. and J. Solomos (eds) (1999) Ethnic and Racial Studies Today (London: Routledge).

Gilroy, P. (1987), ‘There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack’: the cultural politics of race and nation, London: Hutchinson.

Gilroy, P. (2000) Against Race, imagining political culture beyond the colour line, Harvard: Harvard University Press.

James, D. and Rattansi, A. eds. (1992) 'Race,' Culture and Difference, London: Sage.

Law, I. (2010) Racism and Ethnicity: Global Debates, Dilemmas, Directions, Essex: Pearson.

Malik, K. (1996) The Meaning of Race: Race, History and Culture in Western Society. New York: New York University Press.

Mason, D. (2000), Race and Ethnicity in Modern Britain (2nd edition) Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Modood, T., Berthoud, R., Lakey, J., Nazroo, J., Smith, P., Virdee, S., and Beishan, S. (1997) Ethnic Minorities in Britain: Diversity and Disadvantage. London: Policy Studies Institute.

Parekh, B. (2000) The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain: The Parekh Report, England: Profile Books Sivanandan, A. (1982), A Different Hunger: writings on black resistance, London: Pluto Press.

Stone, J. and Dennis, R. (2003) Race and Ethnicity: Comparative and theoretical approaches, Oxford: Blackwell.

SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 6: 5th November 2012

HEALTH, ILLNESS AND DISABILITY – PROF. STEVEN WAINWRIGHT The British state remains closely involved in the spheres of health care and public health but there exist marked inequalities in health and illness, particularly in relation to disability. Such inequalities, together with protests over the accessibility and level of service provision in relation to different medical conditions, have stimulated diverse forms of protest and resistance.

This lecture examines the contested nature of disability, health and identity from a sociological perspective, with particular concern for the political framing of these issues and resistance to inequalities within this framework.

READINGS

Hyde, M. (2006) Disability. In G. Payne (Ed.) Social Divisions (second edition), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Payne, J., Payne, G. and Bond, M. (2006) Health. In G. Payne (Ed.) Social Divisions (second edition), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Supplementary Readings Disability Anspach, R. (1979) From stigma to identity politics: political activism among the physically disabled and former mental patients. Social Science and Medicine, vol. 13: 765-773. [Ejournal gateway] Barnes, N. (2002) Bringing difference into deliberation? Disabled people, survivors and local government. Policy and Politics, 30(3): 319-331. [E-journal gateway] Barnes, C. and Oliver, M. (1995) Disability rights: rhetoric and reality in the UK, Disability and Society, 10(1): 111-116. [E-journal gateway] Campbell, J. and Oliver, M. (1996) Disability Politics: understanding our past, changing our future, London: Routledge.

Dewsbury, G., Clarke, K., Randall, D., Rouncefield, M. and Sommerville, I. (2004) The antisocial model of disability. Disability and Society, 19(2): 1 45-158. [E-journal gateway] Drake, R. (2002) Disabled people, voluntary organisations and participation in policy making, Policy and Politics, 30(3): 373-385. [E-journal gateway] Driedger, D. (1989) The Last Civil Rights movement: disabled Peoples International, New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Gabel., S. and Peters, S. (2004) Presage of a paradigm shift? Beyond the social model of disability toward resistance theory of disability, Disability and Society, 19(6): 585-600. [Ejournal gateway] Hasler, F. (1993) Developments in the disabled peoples movement. In J. Swain, V. Finkelstein, S. French and M. Oliver (Eds.) Disabling Barriers, Enabling Environments, London: Sage.

Hughes, B. (2002) Bauman’s strangers: impairment and the invalidation of disabled people in modern and post-modern cultures. Disability and Society, 17(5): 571-584. [E-journal gateway] Morris, J. (1991) Pride Against Prejudice: a personal politics of disability, London: Women’s Press.

Oliver, M. (1990) The Politics of Disablement, London: Macmillan Education.

Oliver, M. and Barnes, C. (1998) Disabled People and Social Policy: from exclusion to inclusion, London: Addison Wesley Longman.

Oliver, M. and Zarb, G. (1987) Disability and self-help: a case study of the Spinal Injuries Association. Disability, Handicap and Society, 2(2): 113-125. [E-journal gateway] Priestley, M. (1995) Commonality and difference in the movement: an association of blind Asians. Disability and Society, 10(2): 157-169. [E-journal gateway] Roulstone, A. (2003) The legal road to rights? Disabling premises, obiter dicta and the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, Disability and Society, 18(2): 117-131. [E-journal gateway] Scott-Hill, M. (2002) Policy, politics and the silencing of “voice”, Policy and Politics, 30(3):397-409. [E-journal gateway] Shakespeare, T. (1993) Disabled people’s self-organization: a new social movement?

Disability, Handicap and Society, 8(3): 249-264. [E-journal gateway] Siminski, P. (2003) Patterns of disability and norms of participation through the life course: empirical support for a social model of disability. Disability and Society, 18(6): 707 – 718.

[E-journal gateway] Tregaskis, C. (2002) Social model theory: the story so far. Disability and Society, 17(4): 457470. [E-journal gateway] Statistics Acheson, D. (1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report, London: Stationary Office.

[Also http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/doh/ih/contents.htm , 19 September 2011] Mitchell, R., Shaw, M and Dorling, D. (2000) Inequalities in Life and Death: What if Britain were more equal?, Bristol: Policy Press. [http://www.jrf.org.uk/bookshop/eBooks/JR086inequalities-life-death.pdf , 19 September 2011] Working Group on Inequalities in Health (1992) Inequalities in Health: the Black Report (revised edition), London: Penguin.

Explaining health inequalities?

Ecob, R and Davey-Smith, G. (1999) Income and health: what is the nature of the relationship?, Social Science and Medicine, 48(5): 693-706. [E-journal gateway] Elstad, J. (1998) The psycho-social perspective on social inequalities in health, Sociology of Health and Illness, 20(5): 598-618.

Lynch, J., Smith, G.D., Kaplan, G. and House, J. (2000) Income inequality and mortality: importance to health of individual income, psychosocial environment, or material conditions, British Medical Journal, 320(7243): 1200-1204. [E-journal gateway] Nazroo, J. (1998) Genetic, cultural or socio-economic vulnerability? Explaining ethnic inequalities in health, Sociology of Health and Illness, 20(5): 710-730. [E-journal gateway] Navarro, V. and Shi, L. (2001) The political context of social inequalities and health, Social Science and Medicine, 52(3): 481-491. [E-journal gateway] Popay, J., Williams, G., Thomas, C., and Gatrell, T. (1998) Theorising inequalities in health: the place of lay knowledge, Sociology of Health and Illness, 20(5): 619-644. [E-journal gateway] Scambler, G. and Higgs, P. (1999) Stratification, class and health: class relations and health inequalities in high modernity, Sociology, 33(2): 275-296. [E-journal gateway] Scambler, G. and Higgs, P. (2001) The dog that didn’t bark: taking class seriously in the health inequalities debate, Social Science and Medicine, 52(1): 157-159. [E-journal gateway] Whiteis, D. (1998) Third world medicine in first world cities: capital accumulation, uneven development and public health. Social Science and Medicine, 47(6): 795-808.

Smith, G.D., Shipley, M. and Rose, G. (1990) Magnitude and causes of socioeconomic differentials in mortality: further evidence from the Whitehall Study, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 44(4):265-70.

World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2008) Closing the Gap in a Generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health (Final Report), Geneva: World Health Organization. [U-Link and http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241563703_eng.pdf , 19 September 2011] Protest, resistance and counter-hegemonies Allsop, J., Jones, K. and Baggott, R. (2004) Health consumer groups in the UK: a new social movement?, Sociology of Health and Illness, 26(6): 737-756. [E-journal gateway] Ashton, J. (1992) The origins of healthy cities. In J. Ashton, J. (Ed.) Healthy Cities, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

Baggott, R., Allsop, J. and Jones, K. (2004) Representing the repressed? Health consumer groups and the national policy process, Policy and Politics, 32(3):317-31. [E-journal gateway] Baggott, R., Allsop, J. and Jones, K. (2005) Speaking for Patients and Carers: health consumer groups and the policy process, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Baum, F. (1993) Healthy cities and change: social movement or bureaucratic tool? Health Promotion International, 8(1): 31-40. [E-journal gateway] Berkeley, D. and Springett, J. (2006) From rhetoric to reality: a systemic approach to understanding the constraints faced by Health For All initiatives in England, Social Science and Medicine, 63(11): 2877-2889. [E-journal gateway] Brown, M. (1997) RePlacing Citizenship: AIDS activism and radical democracy, London: Guildford Press.

Brown, P., Zavestoski, S., McCormick, S., Mayer, B., Morello-Frosch, R. and Altman, R. (2004) Embodied health movements: new approaches to social movements in health. Sociology of Health & Illness. 26(1): 50-80. [E-journal gateway] Crossley, N. (2006) The field of psychiatric contention, 1960-2000, Social Science and Medicine, 62(3): 552-563. [E-journal gateway] Dooris, M. (1999) Healthy cities and Local Agenda 21: the UK experience - challenges for the new millennium, Health Promotion International, 14(4): 365-375. [E-journal gateway] Duhl, L. (1992) Healthy cities: myth or reality? In Ashton, J. (ed.) Healthy Cities, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

Evans, D. (2003) New directions in tackling inequalities in health. In J. Orme, J. Powell, P. Taylor, T. Harrison and M. Grey (Eds.) Public Health for the 21st Century: new perspectives on policy, participation and practice, Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Farrant, W. (1991) Addressing the contradictions: health promotion and community health action in the United Kingdom, International Journal of Health Services, 21(3): 423-439.

Hess, D. (2004) Medical modernisation, scientific research fields and the epistemic politics of health social movements, Sociology of Health and Illness, 26(6): 695-709. [E-journal gateway] Milewa, T. and Leeuw, E. de (1996) Reason and protest in the new urban public health movement, British Journal of Sociology, 47(4): 657-670. [E-journal gateway] Prior, L. (2003) Belief, knowledge and expertise: the emergence of the lay expert in medical sociology, Sociology of Health and Illness, 25(3): 41-57. [E-journal gateway] Scott-Samuel, A. (1989) Building the new public health: a public health alliance and a new social epidemiology. In Martin, C. and McQueen, D. (eds.) Readings for a New Public Health, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Shakespeare, T. (1993) Disabled people’s self-organization: a new social movement?

Disability, Handicap and Society, 8(3): 249-264. [E-journal gateway] Williams, G. and Popay, J. (1994) Lay knowledge and the privilege of experience. In J. Gabe, D. Kelleher and G. Williams (Eds.) Challenging Medicine, London: Routledge.Working Group on Inequalities in Health (1992) Inequalities in Health: the Black Report (revised edition), London: Penguin.

Week 7: 12th November 2012

ASK WEEK There is no lecture for the module this week. However, you may well particularly benefit from developing your academic skills by attending sessions during ASK Week, particularly; -

Fundamentals of Academic Writing; Critical Thinking and Making Arguments; Referencing.

SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 8: 19th November 2012

IMAGINED COMMUNITIES: CITIZENSHIP, NATIONHOOD AND EXCLUSION Understandings of what it means to be a citizen or to “belong” to a particular society or community are important because they can underpin policies and practices that include, exclude, elevate or marginalise different groups within society. This session examines some of the major perspectives including issues of belonging, rights and responsibilities, with a focus on national identity and multicultural citizenship.

READINGS

McCrone, D. (2006) National Identity. In G. Payne (Ed.) Social Divisions (2nd Ed.), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Supplementary Readings Anderson, B. (2006), Imagined Communities: reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism (revised edition), London: Verso.

Billig, M. (1995) Banal Nationalism, London: Sage.

Colley, L. (1992) Britons: Forging the Nation, New Haven CT: Yale University Press.

King, D., and Waldron, J. (1988) Citizenship, social citizenship and the defence of the welfare state. British Journal of Political Science, 18(4):415-443. [E-journal gateway]

McCrone, D. (1998) The Sociology of Nationalism, London: Routledge.

Modood, Tariq (2008) Multiculturalism, citizenship and national identity. In B. Turner, E. Isin and P. Nyers (Eds.) Investigating Citizenship: Between Past and Future, London: Routledge.

Ong, A. (2006) Mutations in citizenship, Theory, Culture & Society, 23(2-3): 499-505. [E-journals gateway] Smith, A. (1995) Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Virdee, S., Kyriakides, C. and Modood, T. (2006) Cultural codes of belonging: racialised national identities in a multi-ethnic Scottish neighbourhood, Sociological Research Online 11:4.

Virdee, S. (2009) Racism, Muslims and the national imagination, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35:2: 289-308.

Social citizenship and social democratic thought Bevan, A. (1950) In Place of Fear, London: Heinemann.

Crosland, A. (1964) The Future of Socialism, London: Cape.

Dahrendorf, R. (1996) Citizenship and social class. In M. Bulmer and A. Rees (Eds.) Citizenship Today: the contemporary relevance of T.H. Marshall, London: UCL Press.

Dwyer, P. (2004) Understanding Social Citizenship: themes and perspectives for policy and practice, Bristol: Policy Press.

Lister, M. (2005) “Marshall-ing� social and political citizenship: towards a unified conception of citizenship, Government and Opposition, 40(4): 471-491. [E-journal gateway]

Marshall, T. H. (1963), Citizenship and social class. In T. H. Marshall (Ed.) Sociology at the Crossroads and Other Essays, London: Heinemann. [1950] Rees, A. (1996) T.H. Marshall and the progress of citizenship. In M. Bulmer and A. Rees (Eds.) Citizenship Today: the contemporary relevance of T.H. Marshall, London: UCL Press.

Wincott (2006) Social policy and social citizenship: Britain’s Welfare States, Journal of Federalism, 36(1): 169-188.

Neo-liberalism and libertarianism Butler, E. (1983) Hayek: his contribution to the political and economic thought of our time, London: Temple Smith.

Hayek, F. (1979) Law, legislation and Liberty: a new statement of the liberal principles of justice and political economy. Vol. 3, The Political Order of a free people, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. Press.

Hayek, F. (2007) [1944] The Road to Serfdom: text and documents, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Hindess, B. (1987) Freedom, Equality and the Market: arguments in social policy, London: Tavistock. [Chapter 7 – “Liberalism”] King, D. (1987) The New Right: politics, markets and citizenship, London: Macmillan.

Kymlicka, W. (2002) Contemporary Political Philosophy: an introduction (second edition), Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Chapter 4 - “Libertarianism”]

Communitarianism and citizenship

Bell, D. (1993) Communitarianism and its Critics, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Elshtain, J. (1995) The communitarian individual. In A. Etzioni (Ed.) New Communitarian Thinking: persons, virtues, institutions, and communities, Charlottesville, VA, University Press of Virginia.

Etzioni, A. (1995) The Spirit of Community: rights, responsibilities and the communitarian agenda, London: Fontana.

Frazer, E. (1999) The Problems of Communitarian Politics: unity and conflict, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hollenbach, D. (1995) Virtue, the common good and democracy. In A. Etzioni (Ed.) New Communitarian Thinking: persons, virtues, institutions, and communities, Charlottesville, VA, University Press of Virginia.

Kymlicka, W. (2002) Contemporary Political Philosophy: an introduction (second edition), Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Chapter 4 - “Communitraianism”]

Putnam, R. (2000) Bowling Alone: the collapse and renewal of American community, New York: Simon and Schuster.

Sandel, M. (1998) Liberalism and the Limits of justice (second edition), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Spragens, T. (1995) Communitarian liberalism. In A. Etzioni (Ed.) New Communitarian Thinking: persons, virtues, institutions, and communities, Charlottesville, VA, University Press of Virginia.

Third Way(s) and citizenship

Driver, S. and Martell, L. (2000) Left, right and the third way, Policy and Politics, 28(2): 147-161.

Giddens, A. (1998) The Third Way: the Renewal of Social Democracy, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Heron, E. and Dwyer, P. (1999) Doing the right thing: Labour's attempt to forge a new welfare deal between the individual and the state, Social Policy and Administration, 33(1), 91-104.

Levitas, R. (2005) The Inclusive Society? Social exclusion and New Labour (second edition), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. [E-book, URL via library catalogue] Lewis, J. (2003) Responsibilities and rights: changing the balance. In N. Ellison and C. Pierson (Eds.) Developments in British Social Policy 2, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Newman, J. (2001) Modernising Governance: New Labour, policy, and society, London: Sage. [Chapter 8] Orton. M. (2004) Irresponsible citizens? New Labour, citizenship and the case of non-payment of local taxation, Critical Social Policy, 24(4): 504-525. [E-journal gateway] Powell, M. (2000). New Labour and the third way in the British welfare state: a new and distinctive approach? Critical Social Policy, 20(1): 39-60. [E-journal gateway] Powell, M. and Hewitt, M. (1998) The end of the Welfare State?, Social Policy and Administration, 32(1), 1-13. [E-journal gateway] Rhodes, M. (2000) Desperately seeking a solution: social democracy, Thatcherism and the “Third Way” in British welfare, West European Politics, 23(2):161-186. [E-journal gateway] Rubinstein, D. (2000). A new look at New Labour, Politics, 20(3), 161-167. [E-journal gateway] SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 9: 26th November 2012

CONTROLLING ‘FREAKS’: POWER, IDEOLOGY AND VIOLENCE

Extending upon conceptions of citizenship and nationality, this lecture investigates the means through which the state co-ordinates, creates and manages social differences and divisions through ideological power and the control of violence. Particular focus will be placed on the work of social theorists Antonio Gramsci, Karl Marx and Max Weber.

READING

Pierson, C. (2011) The Modern State (3rd Ed.) (Chapter One) Routledge: London.

Supplementary Readings Anderson, P. (1976-7) ‘The Antinomies of Antonio Gramsci’, New Left Review, November 1976-January 1977 Barrow, C. (1993) Critical Theories of the State, Wisconsin Press.

Barth, L. (1998) ‘Michel Foucault’ in R. Stones (ed.) Key Sociological Thinkers.

Beetham, D. (1985) Max Weber and the Theory of Modern Politics, Polity.

Bottomore, T. (ed.) (1991) ‘Hegemony’ in A Dictionary of Marxist Thought.

Bottomore, T. (ed.) (1991) A Dictionary of Marxist Thought, see ‘Ideology’.

Bottomore, T. (ed.) (1991) ‘Regulation’ in A Dictionary of Marxist Thought.

Buci-Glucksmann, C. (1980) Gramsci and the State.

Clegg, S. (1989) Frameworks of Power, London: Sage.

Femia, J. V. (1981) Gramsci’s Political Thought, chpt. 2, Clarendon.

Gamble, A. and Wright, T. (eds) (2004) Restating the State? Blackwell.

Gramsci, A. (1986) Selections from Prison Notebooks, part II, chpt. 1, Lawrence and Wishart.

Hall, S. (1988) The Hard Road to Renewal, Verso.

Held, D. (1989) Political Theory and the Modern State, Polity.

Hughes, J. et al (2003) Understanding Classical Sociology, Sage.

Laclau, E and Mouffe, C. (1985) Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Verso: London.

Larrain, J. (1983) Marxism and Ideology.

Lukes, S. (2004) Power: A Radical View, London: Palgrave.

McLellan, D. (1995) The Thought of Karl Marx: An Introduction, Papermac.

McLennan, G. et al. (eds) (1984) The Idea of the Modern State, Open University Press.

Mouffe, C. (ed.) (1979) Gramsci and Political Theory.

Neocleous, M. (2003) Imagining the State, Open University Press.

Pierson, C. (1986) Marxist Theory and Democratic Politics, Polity.

Pierson, C (1996) The Modern State, Routledge.

Ray, L. and Reed, M. (eds) (1994) Organizing Modernity, Routledge.

Sharp, J., et al. (ed.) (2000) Entanglements of Power, London: Routledge.

Showstack Sassoon, A. (1980) Gramsci’s Politics, Croom Helm.

Tew, J. (2002) Social Theory, Power and Practice, London: Palgrave.

Thompson, J. B. (1984) Studies in the Theory of Ideology.

Turner, C. (1992) Modernity and Politics in the Work of Max Weber, Routledge.

Turner, S. (ed.) (2000) The Cambridge Companion to Weber, Cambridge University Press.

SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 9: 26th November 2012

GOD SAVE THE QUEEN: RELIGION, COMMUNITY AND IDENTITY Religion not only constitutes a major focus of identity for many people, but is also a significant source of conflict and division within, and between, different societies. Positioning religious identification as a form of community belonging, this session considers the means through which social cohesion is developed outside of the nation-state.

READING Aldridge, A. (2006) Religion. In G. Payne (Ed.) Social Divisions (second edition), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Crow, G and Maclean, C. (2006) Community. In G. Payne (Ed.) Social Divisions (second edition), Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Supplementary readings

Aldridge, A. (2007) Religion in the Contemporary World: a sociological introduction (second edition), Cambridge: Polity.

Beckford, J. (2003) Social Theory and Religion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bruce, S. (1995) Religion in Modern Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Castells, M. (2003) The Power of Identity (second edition) (The Information Age: Economy, Society and culture, volume II, Oxford: Blackwell. [Chapter 1 - Communal heavens: identity and meaning in the network society] Davie, G. (1994) Religion in Britain since 1945: believing without belonging, Oxford: Blackwell.

Durkheim, E. (2001) [1912] The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Erikson, E. (1994) [1968] Identity: youth and crisis: London: Norton.

Hamilton. M. (2001) The Sociology of Religion: theoretical and comparative perspectives, London: Routledge.

Huntington, S. (2002) [1997] The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, London: Free Press.

Marx, K. (1844) Introduction - A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right. [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/intro.htm, 19 September 2011] Morrison, K. (1995) Marx, Durkheim, Weber: formations of modern social thought [Durkheim pp.188-211; Weber pp.243-255] Turner,B. (1991) Religion and Social Theory, London: Routledge.

Weber, M. (1985) [1905; English translation 1930] The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, London: Allen and Unwin.

SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 11: 10th December 2012

DIVIDING THE FUTURE: INFORMATION, ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENT In this final session we look forward to the likely sources of social division in the future. Taking a global perspective, we will primarily consider debates around access to resources, whether digital or material, with particular reference to ecological change and global political economy.

We shall also discuss the upcoming examination in Week 12.

READING

http://www.stanford.edu/group/scspi/issue_future_inequality.html

SO2015 Social Divisions, Week 12: 17h December 2012 SEEN EXAMINATION

A two-hour test worth 100% of the final grade will be held in the final week of the term. Details of this assessment will be released during the Week 11 lecture and posted on BlackBoard Learn.